@coo-quack/sensitive-canary 0.6.0 → 0.7.0

package/src/lib/rules.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { homedir } from "node:os";
+import { dirname, join } from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+
 export type Category = "secret" | "pii";
 
 export interface Finding {
@@ -6,6 +11,7 @@ export interface Finding {
   category: Category;
   matchRedacted: string;
   secretValue: string;
+  score?: number;
 }
 
 interface Rule {
@@ -16,6 +22,33 @@ interface Rule {
   entropyThreshold?: number;
   validate?: (str: string) => boolean;
   category: Category;
+  contextWords?: string[];
+  requireContext?: boolean;
+  contextWindow?: number;
+}
+
+// JSON representation of a rule, as written in config files. The `regex` is a
+// source string (not a RegExp literal), compiled at load time. `validate` is a
+// name into the VALIDATORS registry.
+export interface RuleConfig {
+  id: string;
+  description: string;
+  regex: string;
+  flags?: string;
+  secretGroup?: number;
+  entropyThreshold?: number;
+  validate?: string;
+  category: Category;
+  contextWords?: string[];
+  requireContext?: boolean;
+  contextWindow?: number;
+}
+
+// Top-level config file: a context window override plus a list of rules.
+// User config files use the same shape and can override built-in rules by id.
+export interface CanaryConfig {
+  contextWindow?: number;
+  rules: RuleConfig[];
 }
 
 const ALL_CATEGORIES: ReadonlySet<Category> = new Set(["secret", "pii"]);
@@ -44,6 +77,7 @@ export function enabledCategoriesFromEnv(): Set<Category> {
 // Luhn algorithm checksum validation. Returns true if the number (digits only) passes.
 export function luhn(str: string): boolean {
   const digits = str.replace(/\D/g, "");
+  if (digits.length === 0) return false;
   let sum = 0;
   let double = false;
   for (let i = digits.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
@@ -58,7 +92,295 @@ export function luhn(str: string): boolean {
   return sum % 10 === 0;
 }
 
-// Shannon entropy (bits per character, 0–8 scale)
+// ── National ID checksum validators ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// Japanese Individual Number (My Number): 12 digits, weighted checksum over the
+// first 11 digits with weights 6,5,4,3,2,7,6,5,4,3,2. The 12th digit is
+// 11 - (sum mod 11); when the remainder is 0 or 1, the check digit is 0.
+// Spec: 地方公共団体情報システム機構 (J-LIS).
+export function validateMyNumber(input: string): boolean {
+  const digits = input.replace(/\D/g, "");
+  if (digits.length !== 12) return false;
+  const weights = [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2];
+  let sum = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
+    sum += parseInt(digits[i] ?? "", 10) * (weights[i] ?? 0);
+  }
+  const remainder = sum % 11;
+  const checkDigit = remainder <= 1 ? 0 : 11 - remainder;
+  return checkDigit === parseInt(digits[11] ?? "", 10);
+}
+
+// French NIR (Numéro de sécurité sociale / INSEE): 15 digits, 2-digit check key
+// computed as 97 - (N mod 97) over the leading 13 digits. Corsica departements
+// use 2A/2B, substituted to 19/18 before the mod. The 13-digit value can exceed
+// Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, so BigInt is used. Spec: INSEE / décret n°82-103.
+export function validateFrenchNIR(input: string): boolean {
+  const cleaned = input.replace(/\s/g, "");
+  let nir13: string;
+  let keyStr: string;
+
+  const standard = cleaned.match(/^([12]\d{12})(\d{2})$/);
+  const corseA = cleaned.match(/^([12]\d{4}2A\d{6})(\d{2})$/i);
+  const corseB = cleaned.match(/^([12]\d{4}2B\d{6})(\d{2})$/i);
+
+  if (standard) {
+    nir13 = standard[1] ?? "";
+    keyStr = standard[2] ?? "";
+  } else if (corseA) {
+    nir13 = (corseA[1] ?? "").replace(/2A/i, "19");
+    keyStr = corseA[2] ?? "";
+  } else if (corseB) {
+    nir13 = (corseB[1] ?? "").replace(/2B/i, "18");
+    keyStr = corseB[2] ?? "";
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const num = BigInt(nir13);
+  const computedKey = 97 - Number(num % 97n);
+  return computedKey === parseInt(keyStr, 10);
+}
+
+// Italian Codice Fiscale: 16 alphanumeric chars. The last char is a control
+// character computed by summing odd/even position values (different maps) mod 26.
+// Spec: Agenzia delle Entrate, DM 12 giugno 2007.
+const CF_ODD_VALUES: Record<string, number> = {
+  "0": 1,
+  "1": 0,
+  "2": 5,
+  "3": 7,
+  "4": 9,
+  "5": 13,
+  "6": 15,
+  "7": 17,
+  "8": 19,
+  "9": 21,
+  A: 1,
+  B: 0,
+  C: 5,
+  D: 7,
+  E: 9,
+  F: 13,
+  G: 15,
+  H: 17,
+  I: 19,
+  J: 21,
+  K: 2,
+  L: 4,
+  M: 18,
+  N: 20,
+  O: 11,
+  P: 3,
+  Q: 6,
+  R: 8,
+  S: 12,
+  T: 14,
+  U: 16,
+  V: 10,
+  W: 22,
+  X: 25,
+  Y: 24,
+  Z: 23,
+};
+
+export function validateCodiceFiscale(input: string): boolean {
+  const cf = input.toUpperCase().replace(/\s/g, "");
+  if (!/^[A-Z]{6}\d{2}[A-Z]\d{2}[A-Z]\d{3}[A-Z]$/.test(cf)) return false;
+
+  let sum = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
+    const ch = cf[i] ?? "";
+    if (i % 2 === 0) {
+      sum += CF_ODD_VALUES[ch] ?? -1;
+    } else if (/[0-9]/.test(ch)) {
+      sum += parseInt(ch, 10);
+    } else {
+      sum += ch.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
+    }
+  }
+  const expected = String.fromCharCode(65 + (sum % 26));
+  return expected === cf[15];
+}
+
+// German Steuer-Identifikationsnummer (IdNr.): 11 digits, first digit non-zero.
+// Uses ISO/IEC 7064 MOD 11,10. Spec: Bundeszentralamt für Steuern.
+export function validateGermanIdNr(input: string): boolean {
+  const cleaned = input.replace(/\s/g, "");
+  if (!/^[1-9]\d{10}$/.test(cleaned)) return false;
+
+  let produkt = 10;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    let summe = (parseInt(cleaned[i] ?? "", 10) + produkt) % 10;
+    if (summe === 0) summe = 10;
+    produkt = (summe * 2) % 11;
+  }
+  let check = 11 - produkt;
+  if (check === 10) check = 0;
+  return check === parseInt(cleaned[10] ?? "", 10);
+}
+
+// Spanish DNI (8 digits + letter) and NIE (X/Y/Z + 7 digits + letter). The
+// control letter is selected from TRWAGMYFPDXBNJZSQVHLCKE by the number mod 23.
+// NIE leading letters map X→0, Y→1, Z→2 before the mod.
+// Spec: Ministerio del Interior, Orden INT/2058/2008.
+const NIF_LETTERS = "TRWAGMYFPDXBNJZSQVHLCKE";
+
+export function validateSpanishNIF(input: string): boolean {
+  const cleaned = input.toUpperCase().replace(/[\s-]/g, "");
+
+  const dni = cleaned.match(/^(\d{8})([A-Z])$/);
+  if (dni) {
+    return NIF_LETTERS[parseInt(dni[1] ?? "", 10) % 23] === dni[2];
+  }
+
+  const nie = cleaned.match(/^([XYZ])(\d{7})([A-Z])$/);
+  if (nie) {
+    const prefix = nie[1] === "X" ? "0" : nie[1] === "Y" ? "1" : "2";
+    const num = parseInt(prefix + (nie[2] ?? ""), 10);
+    return NIF_LETTERS[num % 23] === nie[3];
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Korean Resident Registration Number (RRN, 주민등록번호): 13 digits.
+// Checksum is (11 - (weighted sum mod 11)) mod 10 with weights
+// 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,3,4,5 over the first 12 digits.
+// Note: numbers issued after Oct 2020 randomize digits 8-13, so the checksum
+// may not pass for valid recent numbers (false negatives possible).
+// Spec: 주민등록 사무편람 (Ministry of the Interior and Safety).
+export function validateKoreanRRN(input: string): boolean {
+  const s = input.replace(/[-\s]/g, "");
+  if (!/^\d{13}$/.test(s)) return false;
+  const weights = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+  let sum = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+    sum += parseInt(s[i] ?? "", 10) * (weights[i] ?? 0);
+  }
+  const check = (11 - (sum % 11)) % 10;
+  return check === parseInt(s[12] ?? "", 10);
+}
+
+// Korean Business Registration Number (사업자등록번호): 10 digits. Uses the
+// NTS (Hometax) standard algorithm: weights 1,3,7,1,3,7,1,3,5 over digits 1-9,
+// plus floor(digit9 × 5 / 10), and the check digit is (10 - (sum mod 10)) mod 10.
+export function validateKoreanBRN(input: string): boolean {
+  const s = input.replace(/[-\s]/g, "");
+  if (!/^\d{10}$/.test(s)) return false;
+  const weights = [1, 3, 7, 1, 3, 7, 1, 3, 5];
+  let sum = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+    sum += parseInt(s[i] ?? "", 10) * (weights[i] ?? 0);
+  }
+  sum += Math.floor((parseInt(s[8] ?? "", 10) * 5) / 10);
+  return (10 - (sum % 10)) % 10 === parseInt(s[9] ?? "", 10);
+}
+
+// Chinese Resident Identity Card (居民身份证): 18 chars (17 digits + check).
+// ISO 7064 MOD 11-2 per GB 11643-1999. Weights
+// 7,9,10,5,8,4,2,1,6,3,7,9,10,5,8,4,2; remainder maps to "10X98765432".
+export function validateChineseID(input: string): boolean {
+  const s = input.toUpperCase().replace(/[-\s]/g, "");
+  if (!/^\d{17}[\dX]$/.test(s)) return false;
+  const weights = [7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2];
+  const code = "10X98765432";
+  let sum = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 17; i++) {
+    sum += parseInt(s[i] ?? "", 10) * (weights[i] ?? 0);
+  }
+  return code[sum % 11] === s[17];
+}
+
+// IPv4 reserved / non-public ranges. Returns true for addresses that should
+// NOT be flagged as PII (loopback, private, link-local, TEST-NET, multicast,
+// reserved, CGN, benchmarking). Used by pii-ipv4-public to keep only public IPs.
+export function isReservedIpv4(ip: string): boolean {
+  const octets = ip.split(".");
+  // Require exactly 4 octets of 1–3 digits each, so partial parses
+  // (e.g. "1a" → 1 via parseInt) are treated as malformed, not public.
+  if (octets.length !== 4 || octets.some((o) => !/^\d{1,3}$/.test(o))) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  const parts = octets.map((o) => parseInt(o, 10));
+  if (parts.some((p) => p > 255)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  const a = parts[0] ?? 0;
+  const b = parts[1] ?? 0;
+  const c = parts[2] ?? 0;
+  if (a === 0 || a === 10) return true;
+  if (a === 100 && b >= 64 && b <= 127) return true; // CGN 100.64.0.0/10
+  if (a === 127) return true; // loopback
+  if (a === 169 && b === 254) return true; // link-local
+  if (a === 172 && b >= 16 && b <= 31) return true; // private
+  if (a === 192 && b === 0 && c === 0) return true; // IETF protocol assignments
+  if (a === 192 && b === 0 && c === 2) return true; // TEST-NET-1
+  if (a === 192 && b === 88 && c === 99) return true; // 6to4 relay anycast (deprecated)
+  if (a === 192 && b === 168) return true; // private
+  if (a === 198 && (b === 18 || b === 19)) return true; // benchmark
+  if (a === 198 && b === 51 && c === 100) return true; // TEST-NET-2
+  if (a === 203 && b === 0 && c === 113) return true; // TEST-NET-3
+  if (a >= 224) return true; // multicast + reserved
+  return false;
+}
+
+// IPv6 reserved / non-public ranges. Returns true for addresses that should
+// NOT be flagged as PII (loopback, unspecified, link-local, unique-local,
+// multicast, documentation). Properly handles both compressed (::) and
+// fully-expanded (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1) forms. Used by pii-ipv6.
+// Each group must be 1–4 hex digits; anything else is malformed.
+const isHexGroup = (g: string): boolean => /^[0-9a-f]{1,4}$/.test(g);
+export function isReservedIpv6(ip: string): boolean {
+  const lower = ip.toLowerCase();
+
+  // Multiple :: is invalid — treat as reserved.
+  const halves = lower.split("::");
+  if (halves.length > 2) return true;
+
+  // Split and expand :: notation into zero groups.
+  let groups: number[];
+  if (halves.length === 1) {
+    const raw = lower.split(":");
+    if (raw.some((g) => !isHexGroup(g))) return true;
+    groups = raw.map((g) => Number.parseInt(g, 16));
+  } else {
+    const leftRaw = halves[0] ? halves[0].split(":") : [];
+    const rightRaw = halves[1] ? halves[1].split(":") : [];
+    if (
+      leftRaw.some((g) => !isHexGroup(g)) ||
+      rightRaw.some((g) => !isHexGroup(g))
+    ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    // Too many groups to fit in 128 bits — malformed. A "::" that compresses
+    // zero groups (left + right === 8) is also invalid per RFC 4291 §2.2.
+    if (leftRaw.length + rightRaw.length >= 8) return true;
+    const left = leftRaw.map((g) => Number.parseInt(g, 16));
+    const right = rightRaw.map((g) => Number.parseInt(g, 16));
+    const zeros = Array(8 - left.length - right.length).fill(0);
+    groups = [...left, ...zeros, ...right];
+  }
+
+  if (groups.length !== 8) return true; // malformed — treat as reserved
+
+  // Unspecified (::)
+  if (groups.every((g) => g === 0)) return true;
+  // Loopback (::1)
+  if (groups.slice(0, 7).every((g) => g === 0) && groups[7] === 1) return true;
+  // Link-local fe80::/10
+  if ((groups[0] ?? 0) >= 0xfe80 && (groups[0] ?? 0) <= 0xfebf) return true;
+  // Unique-local fc00::/7
+  if (((groups[0] ?? 0) & 0xfe00) === 0xfc00) return true;
+  // Multicast ff00::/8
+  if (((groups[0] ?? 0) & 0xff00) === 0xff00) return true;
+  // Documentation 2001:db8::/32
+  if ((groups[0] ?? 0) === 0x2001 && (groups[1] ?? 0) === 0x0db8) return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Shannon entropy (bits per character; ≈0–8 for byte-sized alphabets)
 export function entropy(str: string): number {
   if (str.length === 0) return 0;
   const freq: Record<string, number> = {};
@@ -72,244 +394,282 @@ export function entropy(str: string): number {
   return h;
 }
 
-// Patterns sourced from gitleaks and TruffleHog detector definitions.
-// Each rule:
-//   regex        — must have /g flag
-//   secretGroup  — capture group containing the secret (default: 0 = full match)
-//   entropyThreshold — skip match if entropy(secretValue) is below threshold
-
-// ── Secrets ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-const SECRET_RULES: Rule[] = [
-  // Cloud
-  {
-    id: "aws-access-key",
-    description: "AWS Access Key ID",
-    regex:
-      /\b(A3T[A-Z0-9]|AKIA|AGPA|AIDA|AROA|AIPA|ANPA|ANVA|ASIA)[A-Z0-9]{16}\b/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "gcp-api-key",
-    description: "Google Cloud API Key",
-    regex: /AIza[0-9A-Za-z_-]{35}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "private-key",
-    description: "PEM Private Key",
-    // Covers RSA, EC, DSA, PGP, and OpenSSH private keys
-    regex: /-----BEGIN (RSA |EC |DSA |PGP |OPENSSH )?PRIVATE KEY/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-
-  // Source control
-  {
-    id: "github-pat",
-    description: "GitHub Personal Access Token",
-    regex: /gh[pousr]_[A-Za-z0-9]{36,255}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "github-fine-grained",
-    description: "GitHub Fine-Grained Token",
-    regex: /github_pat_[A-Za-z0-9_]{82}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "gitlab-pat",
-    description: "GitLab Personal Access Token",
-    regex: /glpat-[A-Za-z0-9_=-]{20,22}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-
-  // Package registries
-  {
-    id: "npm-token",
-    description: "npm Access Token",
-    regex: /npm_[A-Za-z0-9]{36}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-
-  // Communication
-  {
-    id: "slack-token",
-    description: "Slack Token",
-    regex: /xox[baprs]-[0-9a-zA-Z-]{10,72}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "slack-webhook",
-    description: "Slack Webhook URL",
-    regex:
-      /https:\/\/hooks\.slack\.com\/services\/T[A-Za-z0-9_]{8,10}\/B[A-Za-z0-9_]{8,12}\/[A-Za-z0-9_]{23,24}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "discord-webhook",
-    description: "Discord Webhook URL",
-    regex:
-      /https:\/\/discord(?:app)?\.com\/api\/webhooks\/[0-9]{17,20}\/[A-Za-z0-9_-]{68}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "telegram-bot-token",
-    description: "Telegram Bot Token",
-    regex: /[0-9]{8,10}:AA[0-9A-Za-z_-]{33}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "twilio-sid",
-    description: "Twilio Account SID",
-    regex: /AC[0-9a-f]{32}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-
-  // Email services
-  {
-    id: "sendgrid-key",
-    description: "SendGrid API Key",
-    regex: /SG\.[A-Za-z0-9_-]{20,24}\.[A-Za-z0-9_-]{39,50}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "mailgun-key",
-    description: "Mailgun API Key",
-    regex: /key-[0-9a-zA-Z]{32}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "mailchimp-key",
-    description: "Mailchimp API Key",
-    regex: /[0-9a-f]{32}-us[0-9]{1,2}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-
-  // Payment
-  {
-    id: "stripe-secret-key",
-    description: "Stripe Secret Key",
-    regex: /sk_(live|test)_[0-9a-zA-Z]{24}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "stripe-restricted-key",
-    description: "Stripe Restricted Key",
-    regex: /rk_(live|test)_[0-9a-zA-Z]{24}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-
-  // AI services
-  {
-    id: "openai-key",
-    description: "OpenAI API Key (legacy)",
-    regex: /sk-(?!proj-|ant-)[A-Za-z0-9]{48}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "openai-project-key",
-    description: "OpenAI Project API Key",
-    regex: /sk-proj-[A-Za-z0-9_-]{40,}/g,
-    entropyThreshold: 3.5,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "anthropic-key",
-    description: "Anthropic API Key",
-    regex: /sk-ant-[A-Za-z0-9_-]{95}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-
-  // Auth tokens
-  {
-    id: "jwt",
-    description: "JSON Web Token (JWT)",
-    regex: /eyJ[A-Za-z0-9_-]{10,}\.eyJ[A-Za-z0-9_-]{10,}\.[A-Za-z0-9_-]{10,}/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-
-  // Generic / env-based
-  {
-    id: "generic-secret",
-    description: "Generic API Key / Secret",
-    regex:
-      /(api[_-]?key|secret[_-]?key|access[_-]?token|api[_-]?secret)\s*[:=]\s*['"]?([A-Za-z0-9\-_.]{20,})/gi,
-    secretGroup: 2,
-    entropyThreshold: 3.5,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "env-assignment",
-    description: ".env style secret assignment",
-    regex:
-      /\b[A-Z_]*(SECRET|PASSWORD|PASSWD|TOKEN|API_KEY|PRIVATE_KEY)[A-Z_0-9]*\s*=\s*(\S{8,})/g,
-    secretGroup: 2,
-    entropyThreshold: 3.0,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "connection-string",
-    description: "Database Connection String with credentials",
-    regex: /(mongodb|mysql|postgres|postgresql|redis):\/\/[^:\s]+:[^@\s]+@/g,
-    category: "secret",
-  },
-];
-
-// ── PII ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-const PII_RULES: Rule[] = [
-  {
-    id: "pii-email",
-    description: "Email Address",
-    regex: /\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,}\b/g,
-    category: "pii",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "pii-credit-card",
-    description: "Credit Card Number",
-    // Visa (16d) | Mastercard (16d) | Amex (15d) | Discover (16d)
-    // Optional spaces or dashes between digit groups
-    regex:
-      /\b(?:4[0-9]{3}(?:[\s-]?[0-9]{4}){3}|5[1-5][0-9]{2}(?:[\s-]?[0-9]{4}){3}|3[47][0-9]{2}[\s-]?[0-9]{6}[\s-]?[0-9]{5}|6(?:011|5[0-9]{2})[0-9](?:[\s-]?[0-9]{4}){3})\b/g,
-    validate: luhn,
-    category: "pii",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "pii-ssn",
-    description: "US Social Security Number",
-    regex: /\b(?!000|666|9\d{2})\d{3}[- ](?!00)\d{2}[- ](?!0000)\d{4}\b/g,
-    category: "pii",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "pii-phone-us",
-    description: "US Phone Number",
-    regex: /\b(\+1[\s.-]?)?\(?\d{3}\)?[\s.-]\d{3}[\s.-]\d{4}\b/g,
-    category: "pii",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "pii-phone-jp",
-    description: "Japanese Phone Number",
-    regex: /\b0\d{1,4}[\s-]\d{1,4}[\s-]\d{4}\b/g,
-    category: "pii",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "pii-postal-jp",
-    description: "Japanese Postal Code",
-    // Require 〒 prefix to avoid false positives (e.g. phone number fragments)
-    regex: /〒\d{3}[\s-]\d{4}/g,
-    category: "pii",
-  },
-  {
-    id: "pii-ipv4",
-    description: "IPv4 Address (private range)",
-    // Only flag RFC-1918 private addresses to reduce noise
-    regex:
-      /\b(10\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|172\.(1[6-9]|2\d|3[01])\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|192\.168\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})\b/g,
-    category: "pii",
-  },
-];
-
-export const RULES: Rule[] = [...SECRET_RULES, ...PII_RULES];
+// ── Context enhancement ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// Set from the default config during module initialisation (see buildRules).
+let effectiveContextWindow = 3;
+
+export function getDefaultContextWindow(): number {
+  return effectiveContextWindow;
+}
+
+// Split on whitespace and Unicode punctuation. A cheap tokenizer with no NLP
+// dependency, sufficient for matching context labels (phone, ZIP, etc.) in
+// Latin-script text. Japanese PII rules rely on prefixes (〒) or required
+// separators rather than context words, so this tokenizer not needing to
+// handle Japanese word segmentation is acceptable.
+function tokenize(text: string): string[] {
+  return text
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .split(/[\s\p{P}]+/u)
+    .filter(Boolean);
+}
+
+function hasNearbyContextWord(
+  text: string,
+  matchStart: number,
+  matchEnd: number,
+  contextWords: string[],
+  windowTokens: number,
+): boolean {
+  if (contextWords.length === 0) return true;
+  const charWindow = windowTokens * 8;
+  const before = text.slice(Math.max(0, matchStart - charWindow), matchStart);
+  const after = text.slice(matchEnd, matchEnd + charWindow);
+  const nearby = new Set(tokenize(`${before} ${after}`));
+  return contextWords.some((word) => nearby.has(word.toLowerCase()));
+}
+
+// ── Validator registry ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Validators are code (checksum algorithms), not data. They live here and are
+// referenced by name from the JSON config. User-defined rules can use any of
+// these validators or omit `validate` entirely.
+
+const VALIDATORS: Readonly<Record<string, (str: string) => boolean>> = {
+  luhn,
+  "mynumber-jp": validateMyNumber,
+  "nir-fr": validateFrenchNIR,
+  "codice-fiscale-it": validateCodiceFiscale,
+  "steuer-id-de": validateGermanIdNr,
+  "dni-nie-es": validateSpanishNIF,
+  "rrn-kr": validateKoreanRRN,
+  "brn-kr": validateKoreanBRN,
+  "resident-id-cn": validateChineseID,
+  "public-ipv4": (ip: string) => !isReservedIpv4(ip),
+  "public-ipv6": (ip: string) => !isReservedIpv6(ip),
+};
+
+export function getValidator(
+  name: string,
+): ((str: string) => boolean) | undefined {
+  return VALIDATORS[name];
+}
+
+// ── Config loading ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const MODULE_DIR = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH = join(MODULE_DIR, "default-config.json");
+const { SENSITIVE_CANARY_CONFIG: userConfigPath } = process.env;
+const USER_CONFIG_PATH =
+  userConfigPath ??
+  join(homedir(), ".config", "sensitive-canary", "config.json");
+
+function readJsonFile(filePath: string): unknown {
+  return JSON.parse(readFileSync(filePath, "utf-8"));
+}
+
+// Validate a raw JSON object against the RuleConfig schema. Throws with a
+// descriptive message when a required field is missing, a type is wrong, or a
+// cross-field constraint is violated.
+function validateRuleConfig(rc: unknown): asserts rc is RuleConfig {
+  if (typeof rc !== "object" || rc === null) {
+    throw new Error("rule must be an object");
+  }
+  const {
+    id,
+    description,
+    regex: source,
+    category,
+    flags,
+    secretGroup,
+    entropyThreshold,
+    validate: validateName,
+    contextWords,
+    requireContext,
+    contextWindow,
+  } = rc as Record<string, unknown>;
+
+  if (typeof id !== "string" || id.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error('missing or empty "id" field');
+  }
+  if (typeof description !== "string" || description.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error('missing or empty "description" field');
+  }
+  if (typeof source !== "string" || source.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error('missing or empty "regex" field');
+  }
+  if (category !== "secret" && category !== "pii") {
+    throw new Error(
+      `invalid "category" ${JSON.stringify(category)} (must be "secret" or "pii")`,
+    );
+  }
+  if (flags != null && typeof flags !== "string") {
+    throw new Error('"flags" must be a string');
+  }
+  if (
+    secretGroup != null &&
+    (typeof secretGroup !== "number" ||
+      !Number.isInteger(secretGroup) ||
+      secretGroup < 0)
+  ) {
+    throw new Error('"secretGroup" must be a non-negative integer');
+  }
+  if (
+    entropyThreshold != null &&
+    (typeof entropyThreshold !== "number" || entropyThreshold < 0)
+  ) {
+    throw new Error('"entropyThreshold" must be a non-negative number');
+  }
+  if (validateName != null && typeof validateName !== "string") {
+    throw new Error('"validate" must be a string');
+  }
+  if (contextWords != null) {
+    if (
+      !Array.isArray(contextWords) ||
+      contextWords.some((w) => typeof w !== "string" || w.length === 0)
+    ) {
+      throw new Error('"contextWords" must be an array of non-empty strings');
+    }
+  }
+  if (requireContext != null && typeof requireContext !== "boolean") {
+    throw new Error('"requireContext" must be a boolean');
+  }
+  if (
+    contextWindow != null &&
+    (typeof contextWindow !== "number" ||
+      !Number.isInteger(contextWindow) ||
+      contextWindow < 1)
+  ) {
+    throw new Error('"contextWindow" must be a positive integer');
+  }
+
+  // Cross-field: requireContext is meaningless without contextWords
+  if (
+    requireContext === true &&
+    (!Array.isArray(contextWords) || contextWords.length === 0)
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(
+      '"requireContext" is true but "contextWords" is empty — context gating would be disabled and the rule would always fire',
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+// Compile a single RuleConfig (JSON) into a Rule (with compiled RegExp and
+// resolved validator function). Throws on invalid regex or missing required
+// fields so the caller (buildRules) can catch and warn per-rule.
+export function compileRule(rc: RuleConfig): Rule {
+  validateRuleConfig(rc);
+  const { regex: source, flags, validate: validateName, ...rest } = rc;
+  // matchAll requires the global flag; ensure it is always present.
+  const flagStr = flags ?? "g";
+  const withG = flagStr.includes("g") ? flagStr : `${flagStr}g`;
+  const rule: Rule = {
+    ...rest,
+    regex: new RegExp(source, withG),
+  };
+  if (validateName) {
+    const fn = VALIDATORS[validateName];
+    if (fn) {
+      rule.validate = fn;
+    } else {
+      process.stderr.write(
+        `sensitive-canary: unknown validator "${validateName}" in rule "${rc.id}" — validation disabled\n`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  return rule;
+}
+
+// Load and compile the built-in default rules from default-config.json.
+function loadDefaultConfig(): CanaryConfig {
+  return readJsonFile(DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH) as CanaryConfig;
+}
+
+// Load user config if it exists. Returns null when the file is absent (the
+// common case). JSON parse errors and permission issues are reported on stderr
+// so that a broken config file is not silently ignored.
+function loadUserConfig(): CanaryConfig | null {
+  try {
+    return readJsonFile(USER_CONFIG_PATH) as CanaryConfig;
+  } catch (e) {
+    if ((e as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code !== "ENOENT") {
+      process.stderr.write(
+        `sensitive-canary: could not read user config "${USER_CONFIG_PATH}": ${e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)}\n`,
+      );
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// Build the final rule list: default rules first, then user rules. A user rule
+// with the same id as a built-in rule replaces it; new ids are appended.
+// Invalid user rules (bad regex, etc.) are skipped with a warning so that one
+// bad entry does not break the entire hook.
+function buildRules(): Rule[] {
+  const defaultConfig = loadDefaultConfig();
+  effectiveContextWindow = defaultConfig.contextWindow ?? 3;
+
+  const defaultRules: Rule[] = [];
+  for (const rc of defaultConfig.rules) {
+    try {
+      defaultRules.push(compileRule(rc));
+    } catch (e) {
+      process.stderr.write(
+        `sensitive-canary: failed to compile built-in rule "${(rc as { id?: unknown })?.id ?? "(unknown)"}": ${e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)}\n`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  const userConfig = loadUserConfig();
+  if (userConfig) {
+    if (
+      typeof userConfig.contextWindow === "number" &&
+      Number.isInteger(userConfig.contextWindow) &&
+      userConfig.contextWindow >= 1
+    ) {
+      effectiveContextWindow = userConfig.contextWindow;
+    } else if (userConfig.contextWindow != null) {
+      process.stderr.write(
+        `sensitive-canary: invalid contextWindow in user config, ignoring\n`,
+      );
+    }
+    if (userConfig.rules != null && !Array.isArray(userConfig.rules)) {
+      process.stderr.write(
+        `sensitive-canary: "rules" in user config must be an array, ignoring\n`,
+      );
+    }
+    if (Array.isArray(userConfig.rules) && userConfig.rules.length) {
+      const userRules: Rule[] = [];
+      for (const rc of userConfig.rules) {
+        try {
+          userRules.push(compileRule(rc));
+        } catch (e) {
+          process.stderr.write(
+            `sensitive-canary: skipping user rule "${(rc as { id?: unknown })?.id ?? "(unknown)"}": ${e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)}\n`,
+          );
+        }
+      }
+      // De-duplicate by id (last definition wins) so duplicate ids in the
+      // user config don't produce duplicate rules and duplicate findings.
+      const byId = new Map<string, Rule>();
+      for (const rule of userRules) {
+        if (byId.has(rule.id)) {
+          process.stderr.write(
+            `sensitive-canary: duplicate user rule id "${rule.id}" — using the last definition\n`,
+          );
+        }
+        byId.set(rule.id, rule);
+      }
+      return defaultRules
+        .filter((r) => !byId.has(r.id))
+        .concat(...byId.values());
+    }
+  }
+
+  return defaultRules;
+}
+
+export const RULES: Rule[] = buildRules();
 
 // Show first 4 + **** + last 4 chars; fully mask strings of 8 chars or fewer
 export function redact(str: string): string {
@@ -335,7 +695,24 @@ export function scan(
         entropy(secretValue) < rule.entropyThreshold
       )
         continue;
-      if (rule.validate != null && !rule.validate(match[0])) continue;
+      if (rule.validate != null && !rule.validate(secretValue)) continue;
+
+      const matchStart = match.index ?? 0;
+      const matchEnd = matchStart + match[0].length;
+      const hasContext =
+        !rule.contextWords || rule.contextWords.length === 0
+          ? true
+          : hasNearbyContextWord(
+              text,
+              matchStart,
+              matchEnd,
+              rule.contextWords,
+              rule.contextWindow ?? effectiveContextWindow,
+            );
+
+      // Rules that require context (e.g. bare postal codes) are dropped when
+      // no context label is nearby, to avoid flagging every 5-digit number.
+      if (rule.requireContext && !hasContext) continue;
 
       findings.push({
         ruleId: rule.id,
@@ -343,6 +720,7 @@ export function scan(
         category: rule.category,
         matchRedacted: redact(secretValue),
         secretValue,
+        score: hasContext ? 1.0 : 0.4,
       });
     }
   }