@codyswann/lisa 1.48.0 → 1.50.0

package/plugins/src/rails/rules/rails-conventions.md

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+# Rails Coding Conventions
+
+This rule enforces Rails-specific coding standards for consistency, maintainability, and performance.
+
+## Fat Models, Skinny Controllers
+
+Controllers handle HTTP concerns only. Business logic belongs in models or service objects.
+
+```ruby
+# Correct — controller delegates to model
+class OrdersController < ApplicationController
+  def create
+    @order = Order.place(order_params, current_user)
+    redirect_to @order
+  end
+end
+
+# Wrong — business logic in controller
+class OrdersController < ApplicationController
+  def create
+    @order = Order.new(order_params)
+    @order.user = current_user
+    @order.total = @order.line_items.sum(&:price)
+    @order.apply_discount(current_user.discount_rate)
+    @order.save!
+    OrderMailer.confirmation(@order).deliver_later
+    redirect_to @order
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Service Objects
+
+Extract complex business logic into service objects when a model method would be too large or spans multiple models.
+
+```ruby
+# app/services/order_placement_service.rb
+class OrderPlacementService
+  def initialize(user:, params:)
+    @user = user
+    @params = params
+  end
+
+  def call
+    order = Order.new(@params)
+    order.user = @user
+    order.calculate_total
+    order.save!
+    OrderMailer.confirmation(order).deliver_later
+    order
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Concerns
+
+Use concerns to share behavior across models or controllers. Keep concerns focused on a single responsibility.
+
+```ruby
+# app/models/concerns/searchable.rb
+module Searchable
+  extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+  included do
+    scope :search, ->(query) { where("name ILIKE ?", "%#{query}%") }
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## ActiveRecord Patterns
+
+### Scopes over class methods for chainable queries
+
+```ruby
+# Correct — scope
+scope :active, -> { where(active: true) }
+scope :recent, -> { order(created_at: :desc) }
+
+# Wrong — class method for simple query
+def self.active
+  where(active: true)
+end
+```
+
+### Validations
+
+```ruby
+# Use built-in validators
+validates :email, presence: true, uniqueness: true, format: { with: URI::MailTo::EMAIL_REGEXP }
+validates :age, numericality: { greater_than: 0 }
+```
+
+### Callbacks — use sparingly
+
+Prefer explicit service objects over callbacks for complex side effects. Callbacks are acceptable for simple data normalization.
+
+```ruby
+# Acceptable — simple normalization
+before_validation :normalize_email
+
+private
+
+def normalize_email
+  self.email = email&.downcase&.strip
+end
+```
+
+## N+1 Query Prevention
+
+Always use `includes`, `preload`, or `eager_load` to prevent N+1 queries. The Bullet gem is included to detect these in development.
+
+```ruby
+# Correct — eager loading
+@posts = Post.includes(:author, :comments).where(published: true)
+
+# Wrong — N+1 query
+@posts = Post.where(published: true)
+@posts.each { |post| post.author.name } # N+1!
+```
+
+## Strong Parameters
+
+Always use strong parameters in controllers. Never use `permit!`.
+
+```ruby
+# Correct
+def order_params
+  params.require(:order).permit(:product_id, :quantity, :notes)
+end
+
+# Wrong — permits everything
+def order_params
+  params.require(:order).permit!
+end
+```
+
+## Database Migrations
+
+- Use `strong_migrations` gem constraints (included via Gemfile.lisa)
+- Never modify `db/schema.rb` directly
+- Always add indexes for foreign keys and commonly queried columns
+- Use `change` method when the migration is reversible; use `up`/`down` when it is not
+
+```ruby
+class AddIndexToOrdersUserId < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.2]
+  def change
+    add_index :orders, :user_id
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Testing with RSpec
+
+- Use `let` and `let!` for test setup
+- Use `described_class` instead of repeating the class name
+- Use `factory_bot` for test data, not fixtures
+- Use `shoulda-matchers` for model validation tests
+- Keep tests focused — one assertion concept per example
+
+```ruby
+RSpec.describe Order, type: :model do
+  describe "validations" do
+    it { is_expected.to validate_presence_of(:user) }
+    it { is_expected.to validate_numericality_of(:total).is_greater_than(0) }
+  end
+
+  describe ".recent" do
+    it "returns orders in descending creation order" do
+      old_order = create(:order, created_at: 1.day.ago)
+      new_order = create(:order, created_at: 1.hour.ago)
+
+      expect(described_class.recent).to eq([new_order, old_order])
+    end
+  end
+end
+```

package/plugins/src/rails/skills/action-controller-best-practices/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: action-controller-best-practices
+description: Build or Refactor large Rails controller files into clean, maintainable code. Use when a controller action exceeds ~10 lines, a controller has custom non-RESTful actions, or when the user asks to refactor, slim down, clean up, or organize a Rails controller. Applies patterns: service objects, query objects, form objects, controller concerns, presenters/decorators, and RESTful resource extraction.
+---
+
+# Rails Controller Refactoring
+
+Controllers should be thin traffic cops — they receive input via params, delegate to the appropriate object, and decide what to render or redirect. Each action should be roughly 5-10 lines. If an action is longer, logic needs to be extracted.
+
+## Decision Framework
+
+Read the controller and classify each block of code:
+
+| Code type                                               | Extract to             | Location                               |
+| ------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
+| Business logic, multi-step operations, side effects     | Service object         | `app/services/`                        |
+| Complex queries, filtering, sorting, search             | Query object           | `app/queries/`                         |
+| Context-specific param validation and persistence       | Form object            | `app/forms/`                           |
+| Shared before_actions, auth, pagination, error handling | Controller concern     | `app/controllers/concerns/`            |
+| Complex view data assembly, formatting, display logic   | Presenter / Decorator  | `app/presenters/` or `app/decorators/` |
+| Non-RESTful custom actions on a different concept       | New RESTful controller | `app/controllers/`                     |
+| Simple CRUD, strong params, render/redirect             | Keep on controller     | —                                      |
+
+## Patterns
+
+### Service Objects
+
+Use for any business logic that goes beyond simple CRUD. A controller action should call one service at most.
+
+Before:
+
+```ruby
+def create
+  @player = Player.new(player_params)
+  @player.team = Team.find(params[:team_id])
+  @player.contract_start = Time.current
+  @player.status = :active
+
+  if @player.save
+    PlayerMailer.welcome(@player).deliver_later
+    Analytics.track("player_signed", player_id: @player.id)
+    NotifyScoutsJob.perform_later(@player.team_id)
+    redirect_to @player, notice: "Player signed"
+  else
+    render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
+  end
+end
+```
+
+After:
+
+```ruby
+# Controller
+def create
+  result = Players::SignPlayer.new(player_params, team_id: params[:team_id]).call
+
+  if result.success?
+    redirect_to result.player, notice: "Player signed"
+  else
+    @player = result.player
+    render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
+  end
+end
+
+# app/services/players/sign_player.rb
+module Players
+  class SignPlayer
+    def initialize(params, team_id:)
+      @params = params
+      @team_id = team_id
+    end
+
+    def call
+      player = Player.new(@params)
+      player.team = Team.find(@team_id)
+      player.contract_start = Time.current
+      player.status = :active
+
+      if player.save
+        send_notifications(player)
+        Result.new(success: true, player: player)
+      else
+        Result.new(success: false, player: player)
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def send_notifications(player)
+      PlayerMailer.welcome(player).deliver_later
+      Analytics.track("player_signed", player_id: player.id)
+      NotifyScoutsJob.perform_later(player.team_id)
+    end
+
+    Result = Struct.new(:success, :player, keyword_init: true) do
+      alias_method :success?, :success
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Query Objects
+
+Use when index actions have complex filtering, sorting, or search logic.
+
+Before:
+
+```ruby
+def index
+  @players = Player.where(team_id: params[:team_id])
+  @players = @players.where(position: params[:position]) if params[:position].present?
+  @players = @players.where("age >= ?", params[:min_age]) if params[:min_age].present?
+  @players = @players.where(status: :active) unless params[:include_inactive]
+  @players = @players.joins(:stats).order("stats.war DESC")
+  @players = @players.page(params[:page]).per(25)
+end
+```
+
+After:
+
+```ruby
+# Controller
+def index
+  @players = Players::FilterQuery.new(params).call
+end
+
+# app/queries/players/filter_query.rb
+module Players
+  class FilterQuery
+    def initialize(params, relation: Player.all)
+      @params = params
+      @relation = relation
+    end
+
+    def call
+      filter_by_team
+      filter_by_position
+      filter_by_age
+      filter_by_status
+      sort_and_paginate
+      @relation
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def filter_by_team
+      @relation = @relation.where(team_id: @params[:team_id]) if @params[:team_id].present?
+    end
+
+    def filter_by_position
+      @relation = @relation.where(position: @params[:position]) if @params[:position].present?
+    end
+
+    def filter_by_age
+      @relation = @relation.where("age >= ?", @params[:min_age]) if @params[:min_age].present?
+    end
+
+    def filter_by_status
+      @relation = @relation.where(status: :active) unless @params[:include_inactive]
+    end
+
+    def sort_and_paginate
+      @relation = @relation.joins(:stats).order("stats.war DESC").page(@params[:page]).per(25)
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Controller Concerns
+
+Use for shared behavior across multiple controllers: authentication, authorization, pagination, error handling, locale setting.
+
+```ruby
+# app/controllers/concerns/paginatable.rb
+module Paginatable
+  extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+  private
+
+  def page
+    params[:page] || 1
+  end
+
+  def per_page
+    [params[:per_page].to_i, 100].min.nonzero? || 25
+  end
+end
+
+# app/controllers/concerns/error_handleable.rb
+module ErrorHandleable
+  extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+  included do
+    rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, with: :not_found
+    rescue_from ActionController::ParameterMissing, with: :bad_request
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def not_found
+    render json: { error: "Not found" }, status: :not_found
+  end
+
+  def bad_request(exception)
+    render json: { error: exception.message }, status: :bad_request
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Guidelines for controller concerns:
+
+- Each concern should handle one cross-cutting aspect
+- Don't use concerns to just split a large controller into files — that hides complexity
+- Good candidates: auth, error handling, pagination, locale, current tenant scoping
+- Bad candidates: domain-specific business logic
+
+### Presenters / Decorators
+
+Use when an action assembles complex data for the view that isn't a direct model attribute. Keeps view logic out of the controller.
+
+```ruby
+# app/presenters/player_dashboard_presenter.rb
+class PlayerDashboardPresenter
+  def initialize(player)
+    @player = player
+  end
+
+  def career_stats
+    @career_stats ||= @player.stats.group(:season).sum(:war)
+  end
+
+  def contract_status_label
+    return "Free Agent" if @player.contract_end&.past?
+    "Under Contract (#{@player.contract_end&.year})"
+  end
+
+  def trade_value_rating
+    case @player.trade_value
+    when 90.. then "Elite"
+    when 70..89 then "High"
+    when 50..69 then "Average"
+    else "Low"
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Controller
+def show
+  @player = Player.find(params[:id])
+  @presenter = PlayerDashboardPresenter.new(@player)
+end
+```
+
+### RESTful Resource Extraction
+
+When a controller has custom non-RESTful actions, it usually means there's a hidden resource. Extract it into its own controller with standard CRUD actions.
+
+Before:
+
+```ruby
+class PlayersController < ApplicationController
+  def trade
+    # ...
+  end
+
+  def release
+    # ...
+  end
+
+  def promote_to_roster
+    # ...
+  end
+end
+```
+
+After:
+
+```ruby
+# config/routes.rb
+resources :players do
+  resource :trade, only: [:new, :create], controller: "players/trades"
+  resource :release, only: [:create], controller: "players/releases"
+  resource :roster_promotion, only: [:create], controller: "players/roster_promotions"
+end
+
+# app/controllers/players/trades_controller.rb
+module Players
+  class TradesController < ApplicationController
+    def new
+      @player = Player.find(params[:player_id])
+    end
+
+    def create
+      result = Players::TradePlayer.new(Player.find(params[:player_id]), trade_params).call
+      # ...
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Signs you need a new controller:
+
+- Action name is a verb that isn't a CRUD verb (trade, approve, archive, publish)
+- Action operates on a different concept than the controller's resource
+- Controller has more than the 7 RESTful actions
+
+## Refactoring Process
+
+1. **Read the entire controller** and identify every action, before_action, and private method.
+2. **Inline hidden code first.** Copy logic from before_actions, helper methods, and parent classes into each action so you can see the full picture.
+3. **Classify each block** using the decision framework table above.
+4. **Extract in order**: RESTful resource extraction first (new controllers), then service objects, query objects, form objects, presenters, and finally concerns.
+5. **Slim down each action** to: find/build the resource, call a service or query, render or redirect. Each action should be 5-10 lines.
+6. **Clean up strong params.** Each controller should have one `_params` method. If you need different permitted params per action, consider separate controllers or form objects.
+7. **Create or update tests** for each extracted class with its own spec file.
+
+## What the Controller Should Look Like After
+
+```ruby
+class PlayersController < ApplicationController
+  before_action :set_player, only: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy]
+
+  def index
+    @players = Players::FilterQuery.new(params).call
+  end
+
+  def show
+    @presenter = PlayerDashboardPresenter.new(@player)
+  end
+
+  def create
+    result = Players::SignPlayer.new(player_params, team_id: params[:team_id]).call
+
+    if result.success?
+      redirect_to result.player, notice: "Player signed"
+    else
+      @player = result.player
+      render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
+    end
+  end
+
+  def update
+    if @player.update(player_params)
+      redirect_to @player, notice: "Player updated"
+    else
+      render :edit, status: :unprocessable_entity
+    end
+  end
+
+  def destroy
+    @player.destroy
+    redirect_to players_path, notice: "Player removed"
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def set_player
+    @player = Player.find(params[:id])
+  end
+
+  def player_params
+    params.require(:player).permit(:name, :position, :age, :team_id)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## What NOT to Do
+
+- Don't put business logic in before_actions — they obscure the flow of an action.
+- Don't use instance variables to pass data between before_actions and actions in complex ways.
+- Don't rescue broad exceptions in individual actions — use a concern or `rescue_from`.
+- Don't add non-RESTful actions to a controller when a new controller would be clearer.
+- Don't create deeply nested service call chains — one service per action is the goal.
+- Don't move logic to private methods and call it refactored — private methods still live in the controller.