@cloudflare/sandbox 0.0.0-73ac314 → 0.0.0-7897cdd

package/src/sandbox.ts

@@ -1,48 +1,130 @@
-import { Container, getContainer } from "@cloudflare/containers";
-import { HttpClient } from "./client";
-import { isLocalhostPattern } from "./request-handler";
+import type { DurableObject } from 'cloudflare:workers';
+import { Container, getContainer, switchPort } from '@cloudflare/containers';
+import type {
+  CodeContext,
+  CreateContextOptions,
+  ExecEvent,
+  ExecOptions,
+  ExecResult,
+  ExecutionResult,
+  ExecutionSession,
+  ISandbox,
+  Process,
+  ProcessOptions,
+  ProcessStatus,
+  RunCodeOptions,
+  SandboxOptions,
+  SessionOptions,
+  StreamOptions
+} from '@repo/shared';
+import { createLogger, runWithLogger, TraceContext } from '@repo/shared';
+import { type ExecuteResponse, SandboxClient } from './clients';
+import type { ErrorResponse } from './errors';
+import { CustomDomainRequiredError, ErrorCode } from './errors';
+import { CodeInterpreter } from './interpreter';
+import { isLocalhostPattern } from './request-handler';
+import { SecurityError, sanitizeSandboxId, validatePort } from './security';
+import { parseSSEStream } from './sse-parser';
+import { SDK_VERSION } from './version';
 
-export function getSandbox(ns: DurableObjectNamespace<Sandbox>, id: string) {
-  const stub = getContainer(ns, id);
+export function getSandbox(
+  ns: DurableObjectNamespace<Sandbox>,
+  id: string,
+  options?: SandboxOptions
+): Sandbox {
+  const stub = getContainer(ns, id) as unknown as Sandbox;
 
   // Store the name on first access
   stub.setSandboxName?.(id);
 
-  return stub;
+  if (options?.baseUrl) {
+    stub.setBaseUrl(options.baseUrl);
+  }
+
+  if (options?.sleepAfter !== undefined) {
+    stub.setSleepAfter(options.sleepAfter);
+  }
+
+  if (options?.keepAlive !== undefined) {
+    stub.setKeepAlive(options.keepAlive);
+  }
+
+  return Object.assign(stub, {
+    wsConnect: connect(stub)
+  });
+}
+
+export function connect(
+  stub: { fetch: (request: Request) => Promise<Response> }
+) {
+  return async (request: Request, port: number) => {
+    // Validate port before routing
+    if (!validatePort(port)) {
+      throw new SecurityError(
+        `Invalid or restricted port: ${port}. Ports must be in range 1024-65535 and not reserved.`
+      );
+    }
+    const portSwitchedRequest = switchPort(request, port);
+    return await stub.fetch(portSwitchedRequest);
+  };
 }
 
-export class Sandbox<Env = unknown> extends Container<Env> {
-  sleepAfter = "3m"; // Sleep the sandbox if no requests are made in this timeframe
-  client: HttpClient;
-  private workerHostname: string | null = null;
+export class Sandbox<Env = unknown> extends Container<Env> implements ISandbox {
+  defaultPort = 3000; // Default port for the container's Bun server
+  sleepAfter: string | number = '10m'; // Sleep the sandbox if no requests are made in this timeframe
+
+  client: SandboxClient;
+  private codeInterpreter: CodeInterpreter;
   private sandboxName: string | null = null;
+  private baseUrl: string | null = null;
+  private portTokens: Map<number, string> = new Map();
+  private defaultSession: string | null = null;
+  envVars: Record<string, string> = {};
+  private logger: ReturnType<typeof createLogger>;
+  private keepAliveEnabled: boolean = false;
 
-  constructor(ctx: DurableObjectState, env: Env) {
+  constructor(ctx: DurableObjectState<{}>, env: Env) {
     super(ctx, env);
-    this.client = new HttpClient({
-      onCommandComplete: (success, exitCode, _stdout, _stderr, command, _args) => {
-        console.log(
-          `[Container] Command completed: ${command}, Success: ${success}, Exit code: ${exitCode}`
-        );
-      },
-      onCommandStart: (command, args) => {
-        console.log(
-          `[Container] Command started: ${command} ${args.join(" ")}`
-        );
-      },
-      onError: (error, _command, _args) => {
-        console.error(`[Container] Command error: ${error}`);
-      },
-      onOutput: (stream, data, _command) => {
-        console.log(`[Container] [${stream}] ${data}`);
-      },
+
+    const envObj = env as any;
+    // Set sandbox environment variables from env object
+    const sandboxEnvKeys = ['SANDBOX_LOG_LEVEL', 'SANDBOX_LOG_FORMAT'] as const;
+    sandboxEnvKeys.forEach((key) => {
+      if (envObj?.[key]) {
+        this.envVars[key] = envObj[key];
+      }
+    });
+
+    this.logger = createLogger({
+      component: 'sandbox-do',
+      sandboxId: this.ctx.id.toString()
+    });
+
+    this.client = new SandboxClient({
+      logger: this.logger,
       port: 3000, // Control plane port
-      stub: this,
+      stub: this
     });
 
-    // Load the sandbox name from storage on initialization
+    // Initialize code interpreter - pass 'this' after client is ready
+    // The CodeInterpreter extracts client.interpreter from the sandbox
+    this.codeInterpreter = new CodeInterpreter(this);
+
+    // Load the sandbox name, port tokens, and default session from storage on initialization
     this.ctx.blockConcurrencyWhile(async () => {
-      this.sandboxName = await this.ctx.storage.get<string>('sandboxName') || null;
+      this.sandboxName =
+        (await this.ctx.storage.get<string>('sandboxName')) || null;
+      this.defaultSession =
+        (await this.ctx.storage.get<string>('defaultSession')) || null;
+      const storedTokens =
+        (await this.ctx.storage.get<Record<string, string>>('portTokens')) ||
+        {};
+
+      // Convert stored tokens back to Map
+      this.portTokens = new Map();
+      for (const [portStr, token] of Object.entries(storedTokens)) {
+        this.portTokens.set(parseInt(portStr, 10), token);
+      }
     });
   }
 
@@ -51,61 +133,226 @@ export class Sandbox<Env = unknown> extends Container<Env> {
     if (!this.sandboxName) {
       this.sandboxName = name;
       await this.ctx.storage.put('sandboxName', name);
-      console.log(`[Sandbox] Stored sandbox name via RPC: ${name}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // RPC method to set the base URL
+  async setBaseUrl(baseUrl: string): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.baseUrl) {
+      this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
+      await this.ctx.storage.put('baseUrl', baseUrl);
+    } else {
+      if (this.baseUrl !== baseUrl) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Base URL already set and different from one previously provided'
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // RPC method to set the sleep timeout
+  async setSleepAfter(sleepAfter: string | number): Promise<void> {
+    this.sleepAfter = sleepAfter;
+  }
+
+  // RPC method to enable keepAlive mode
+  async setKeepAlive(keepAlive: boolean): Promise<void> {
+    this.keepAliveEnabled = keepAlive;
+    if (keepAlive) {
+      this.logger.info(
+        'KeepAlive mode enabled - container will stay alive until explicitly destroyed'
+      );
+    } else {
+      this.logger.info(
+        'KeepAlive mode disabled - container will timeout normally'
+      );
     }
   }
 
   // RPC method to set environment variables
   async setEnvVars(envVars: Record<string, string>): Promise<void> {
+    // Update local state for new sessions
     this.envVars = { ...this.envVars, ...envVars };
-    console.log(`[Sandbox] Updated environment variables`);
+
+    // If default session already exists, update it directly
+    if (this.defaultSession) {
+      // Set environment variables by executing export commands in the existing session
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(envVars)) {
+        const escapedValue = value.replace(/'/g, "'\\''");
+        const exportCommand = `export ${key}='${escapedValue}'`;
+
+        const result = await this.client.commands.execute(
+          exportCommand,
+          this.defaultSession
+        );
+
+        if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `Failed to set ${key}: ${result.stderr || 'Unknown error'}`
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cleanup and destroy the sandbox container
+   */
+  override async destroy(): Promise<void> {
+    this.logger.info('Destroying sandbox container');
+    await super.destroy();
   }
 
   override onStart() {
-    console.log("Sandbox successfully started");
+    this.logger.debug('Sandbox started');
+
+    // Check version compatibility asynchronously (don't block startup)
+    this.checkVersionCompatibility().catch((error) => {
+      this.logger.error(
+        'Version compatibility check failed',
+        error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error))
+      );
+    });
   }
 
-  override onStop() {
-    console.log("Sandbox successfully shut down");
-    if (this.client) {
-      this.client.clearSession();
+  /**
+   * Check if the container version matches the SDK version
+   * Logs a warning if there's a mismatch
+   */
+  private async checkVersionCompatibility(): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      // Get the SDK version (imported from version.ts)
+      const sdkVersion = SDK_VERSION;
+
+      // Get container version
+      const containerVersion = await this.client.utils.getVersion();
+
+      // If container version is unknown, it's likely an old container without the endpoint
+      if (containerVersion === 'unknown') {
+        this.logger.warn(
+          'Container version check: Container version could not be determined. ' +
+            'This may indicate an outdated container image. ' +
+            'Please update your container to match SDK version ' +
+            sdkVersion
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Check if versions match
+      if (containerVersion !== sdkVersion) {
+        const message =
+          `Version mismatch detected! SDK version (${sdkVersion}) does not match ` +
+          `container version (${containerVersion}). This may cause compatibility issues. ` +
+          `Please update your container image to version ${sdkVersion}`;
+
+        // Log warning - we can't reliably detect dev vs prod environment in Durable Objects
+        // so we always use warning level as requested by the user
+        this.logger.warn(message);
+      } else {
+        this.logger.debug('Version check passed', {
+          sdkVersion,
+          containerVersion
+        });
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Don't fail the sandbox initialization if version check fails
+      this.logger.debug('Version compatibility check encountered an error', {
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
+      });
     }
   }
 
+  override onStop() {
+    this.logger.debug('Sandbox stopped');
+  }
+
   override onError(error: unknown) {
-    console.log("Sandbox error:", error);
+    this.logger.error(
+      'Sandbox error',
+      error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error))
+    );
   }
 
-  // Override fetch to capture the hostname and route to appropriate ports
+  /**
+   * Override onActivityExpired to prevent automatic shutdown when keepAlive is enabled
+   * When keepAlive is disabled, calls parent implementation which stops the container
+   */
+  override async onActivityExpired(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.keepAliveEnabled) {
+      this.logger.debug(
+        'Activity expired but keepAlive is enabled - container will stay alive'
+      );
+      // Do nothing - don't call stop(), container stays alive
+    } else {
+      // Default behavior: stop the container
+      this.logger.debug('Activity expired - stopping container');
+      await super.onActivityExpired();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Override fetch to route internal container requests to appropriate ports
   override async fetch(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
-    const url = new URL(request.url);
+    // Extract or generate trace ID from request
+    const traceId =
+      TraceContext.fromHeaders(request.headers) || TraceContext.generate();
 
-    // Capture the hostname from the first request
-    if (!this.workerHostname) {
-      this.workerHostname = url.hostname;
-      console.log(`[Sandbox] Captured hostname: ${this.workerHostname}`);
-    }
+    // Create request-specific logger with trace ID
+    const requestLogger = this.logger.child({ traceId, operation: 'fetch' });
 
-    // Capture and store the sandbox name from the header if present
-    if (!this.sandboxName && request.headers.has('X-Sandbox-Name')) {
-      const name = request.headers.get('X-Sandbox-Name')!;
-      this.sandboxName = name;
-      await this.ctx.storage.put('sandboxName', name);
-      console.log(`[Sandbox] Stored sandbox name: ${this.sandboxName}`);
-    }
+    return await runWithLogger(requestLogger, async () => {
+      const url = new URL(request.url);
+
+      // Capture and store the sandbox name from the header if present
+      if (!this.sandboxName && request.headers.has('X-Sandbox-Name')) {
+        const name = request.headers.get('X-Sandbox-Name')!;
+        this.sandboxName = name;
+        await this.ctx.storage.put('sandboxName', name);
+      }
+
+      // Detect WebSocket upgrade request (RFC 6455 compliant)
+      const upgradeHeader = request.headers.get('Upgrade');
+      const connectionHeader = request.headers.get('Connection');
+      const isWebSocket =
+        upgradeHeader?.toLowerCase() === 'websocket' &&
+        connectionHeader?.toLowerCase().includes('upgrade');
+
+      if (isWebSocket) {
+        // WebSocket path: Let parent Container class handle WebSocket proxying
+        // This bypasses containerFetch() which uses JSRPC and cannot handle WebSocket upgrades
+        try {
+          requestLogger.debug('WebSocket upgrade requested', {
+            path: url.pathname,
+            port: this.determinePort(url)
+          });
+          return await super.fetch(request);
+        } catch (error) {
+          requestLogger.error(
+            'WebSocket connection failed',
+            error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)),
+            { path: url.pathname }
+          );
+          throw error;
+        }
+      }
 
-    // Determine which port to route to
-    const port = this.determinePort(url);
+      // Non-WebSocket: Use existing port determination and HTTP routing logic
+      const port = this.determinePort(url);
 
-    // Route to the appropriate port
-    return await this.containerFetch(request, port);
+      // Route to the appropriate port
+      return await this.containerFetch(request, port);
+    });
+  }
+
+  wsConnect(request: Request, port: number): Promise<Response> {
+    // Dummy implementation that will be overridden by the stub
+    throw new Error('Not implemented here to avoid RPC serialization issues');
   }
 
   private determinePort(url: URL): number {
     // Extract port from proxy requests (e.g., /proxy/8080/*)
     const proxyMatch = url.pathname.match(/^\/proxy\/(\d+)/);
     if (proxyMatch) {
-      return parseInt(proxyMatch[1]);
+      return parseInt(proxyMatch[1], 10);
     }
 
     // All other requests go to control plane on port 3000
@@ -113,146 +360,876 @@ export class Sandbox<Env = unknown> extends Container<Env> {
     return 3000;
   }
 
-  async exec(command: string, args: string[], options?: { stream?: boolean; background?: boolean }) {
-    if (options?.stream) {
-      return this.client.executeStream(command, args, undefined, options?.background);
+  /**
+   * Ensure default session exists - lazy initialization
+   * This is called automatically by all public methods that need a session
+   *
+   * The session is persisted to Durable Object storage to survive hot reloads
+   * during development. If a session already exists in the container after reload,
+   * we reuse it instead of trying to create a new one.
+   */
+  private async ensureDefaultSession(): Promise<string> {
+    if (!this.defaultSession) {
+      const sessionId = `sandbox-${this.sandboxName || 'default'}`;
+
+      try {
+        // Try to create session in container
+        await this.client.utils.createSession({
+          id: sessionId,
+          env: this.envVars || {},
+          cwd: '/workspace'
+        });
+
+        this.defaultSession = sessionId;
+        // Persist to storage so it survives hot reloads
+        await this.ctx.storage.put('defaultSession', sessionId);
+        this.logger.debug('Default session initialized', { sessionId });
+      } catch (error: any) {
+        // If session already exists (e.g., after hot reload), reuse it
+        if (error?.message?.includes('already exists')) {
+          this.logger.debug('Reusing existing session after reload', {
+            sessionId
+          });
+          this.defaultSession = sessionId;
+          // Persist to storage in case it wasn't saved before
+          await this.ctx.storage.put('defaultSession', sessionId);
+        } else {
+          // Re-throw other errors
+          throw error;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return this.defaultSession;
+  }
+
+  // Enhanced exec method - always returns ExecResult with optional streaming
+  // This replaces the old exec method to match ISandbox interface
+  async exec(command: string, options?: ExecOptions): Promise<ExecResult> {
+    const session = await this.ensureDefaultSession();
+    return this.execWithSession(command, session, options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal session-aware exec implementation
+   * Used by both public exec() and session wrappers
+   */
+  private async execWithSession(
+    command: string,
+    sessionId: string,
+    options?: ExecOptions
+  ): Promise<ExecResult> {
+    const startTime = Date.now();
+    const timestamp = new Date().toISOString();
+
+    let timeoutId: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined;
+
+    try {
+      // Handle cancellation
+      if (options?.signal?.aborted) {
+        throw new Error('Operation was aborted');
+      }
+
+      let result: ExecResult;
+
+      if (options?.stream && options?.onOutput) {
+        // Streaming with callbacks - we need to collect the final result
+        result = await this.executeWithStreaming(
+          command,
+          sessionId,
+          options,
+          startTime,
+          timestamp
+        );
+      } else {
+        // Regular execution with session
+        const response = await this.client.commands.execute(command, sessionId);
+
+        const duration = Date.now() - startTime;
+        result = this.mapExecuteResponseToExecResult(
+          response,
+          duration,
+          sessionId
+        );
+      }
+
+      // Call completion callback if provided
+      if (options?.onComplete) {
+        options.onComplete(result);
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (options?.onError && error instanceof Error) {
+        options.onError(error);
+      }
+      throw error;
+    } finally {
+      if (timeoutId) {
+        clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async executeWithStreaming(
+    command: string,
+    sessionId: string,
+    options: ExecOptions,
+    startTime: number,
+    timestamp: string
+  ): Promise<ExecResult> {
+    let stdout = '';
+    let stderr = '';
+
+    try {
+      const stream = await this.client.commands.executeStream(
+        command,
+        sessionId
+      );
+
+      for await (const event of parseSSEStream<ExecEvent>(stream)) {
+        // Check for cancellation
+        if (options.signal?.aborted) {
+          throw new Error('Operation was aborted');
+        }
+
+        switch (event.type) {
+          case 'stdout':
+          case 'stderr':
+            if (event.data) {
+              // Update accumulated output
+              if (event.type === 'stdout') stdout += event.data;
+              if (event.type === 'stderr') stderr += event.data;
+
+              // Call user's callback
+              if (options.onOutput) {
+                options.onOutput(event.type, event.data);
+              }
+            }
+            break;
+
+          case 'complete': {
+            // Use result from complete event if available
+            const duration = Date.now() - startTime;
+            return {
+              success: (event.exitCode ?? 0) === 0,
+              exitCode: event.exitCode ?? 0,
+              stdout,
+              stderr,
+              command,
+              duration,
+              timestamp,
+              sessionId
+            };
+          }
+
+          case 'error':
+            throw new Error(event.data || 'Command execution failed');
+        }
+      }
+
+      // If we get here without a complete event, something went wrong
+      throw new Error('Stream ended without completion event');
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (options.signal?.aborted) {
+        throw new Error('Operation was aborted');
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private mapExecuteResponseToExecResult(
+    response: ExecuteResponse,
+    duration: number,
+    sessionId?: string
+  ): ExecResult {
+    return {
+      success: response.success,
+      exitCode: response.exitCode,
+      stdout: response.stdout,
+      stderr: response.stderr,
+      command: response.command,
+      duration,
+      timestamp: response.timestamp,
+      sessionId
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a Process domain object from HTTP client DTO
+   * Centralizes process object creation with bound methods
+   * This eliminates duplication across startProcess, listProcesses, getProcess, and session wrappers
+   */
+  private createProcessFromDTO(
+    data: {
+      id: string;
+      pid?: number;
+      command: string;
+      status: ProcessStatus;
+      startTime: string | Date;
+      endTime?: string | Date;
+      exitCode?: number;
+    },
+    sessionId: string
+  ): Process {
+    return {
+      id: data.id,
+      pid: data.pid,
+      command: data.command,
+      status: data.status,
+      startTime:
+        typeof data.startTime === 'string'
+          ? new Date(data.startTime)
+          : data.startTime,
+      endTime: data.endTime
+        ? typeof data.endTime === 'string'
+          ? new Date(data.endTime)
+          : data.endTime
+        : undefined,
+      exitCode: data.exitCode,
+      sessionId,
+
+      kill: async (signal?: string) => {
+        await this.killProcess(data.id, signal);
+      },
+
+      getStatus: async () => {
+        const current = await this.getProcess(data.id);
+        return current?.status || 'error';
+      },
+
+      getLogs: async () => {
+        const logs = await this.getProcessLogs(data.id);
+        return { stdout: logs.stdout, stderr: logs.stderr };
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Background process management
+  async startProcess(
+    command: string,
+    options?: ProcessOptions,
+    sessionId?: string
+  ): Promise<Process> {
+    // Use the new HttpClient method to start the process
+    try {
+      const session = sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+      const response = await this.client.processes.startProcess(
+        command,
+        session,
+        {
+          processId: options?.processId
+        }
+      );
+
+      const processObj = this.createProcessFromDTO(
+        {
+          id: response.processId,
+          pid: response.pid,
+          command: response.command,
+          status: 'running' as ProcessStatus,
+          startTime: new Date(),
+          endTime: undefined,
+          exitCode: undefined
+        },
+        session
+      );
+
+      // Call onStart callback if provided
+      if (options?.onStart) {
+        options.onStart(processObj);
+      }
+
+      return processObj;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (options?.onError && error instanceof Error) {
+        options.onError(error);
+      }
+
+      throw error;
     }
-    return this.client.execute(command, args, undefined, options?.background);
+  }
+
+  async listProcesses(sessionId?: string): Promise<Process[]> {
+    const session = sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+    const response = await this.client.processes.listProcesses();
+
+    return response.processes.map((processData) =>
+      this.createProcessFromDTO(
+        {
+          id: processData.id,
+          pid: processData.pid,
+          command: processData.command,
+          status: processData.status,
+          startTime: processData.startTime,
+          endTime: processData.endTime,
+          exitCode: processData.exitCode
+        },
+        session
+      )
+    );
+  }
+
+  async getProcess(id: string, sessionId?: string): Promise<Process | null> {
+    const session = sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+    const response = await this.client.processes.getProcess(id);
+    if (!response.process) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const processData = response.process;
+    return this.createProcessFromDTO(
+      {
+        id: processData.id,
+        pid: processData.pid,
+        command: processData.command,
+        status: processData.status,
+        startTime: processData.startTime,
+        endTime: processData.endTime,
+        exitCode: processData.exitCode
+      },
+      session
+    );
+  }
+
+  async killProcess(
+    id: string,
+    signal?: string,
+    sessionId?: string
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    // Note: signal parameter is not currently supported by the HttpClient implementation
+    // The HTTP client already throws properly typed errors, so we just let them propagate
+    await this.client.processes.killProcess(id);
+  }
+
+  async killAllProcesses(sessionId?: string): Promise<number> {
+    const response = await this.client.processes.killAllProcesses();
+    return response.cleanedCount;
+  }
+
+  async cleanupCompletedProcesses(sessionId?: string): Promise<number> {
+    // For now, this would need to be implemented as a container endpoint
+    // as we no longer maintain local process storage
+    // We'll return 0 as a placeholder until the container endpoint is added
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  async getProcessLogs(
+    id: string,
+    sessionId?: string
+  ): Promise<{ stdout: string; stderr: string; processId: string }> {
+    // The HTTP client already throws properly typed errors, so we just let them propagate
+    const response = await this.client.processes.getProcessLogs(id);
+    return {
+      stdout: response.stdout,
+      stderr: response.stderr,
+      processId: response.processId
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Streaming methods - return ReadableStream for RPC compatibility
+  async execStream(
+    command: string,
+    options?: StreamOptions
+  ): Promise<ReadableStream<Uint8Array>> {
+    // Check for cancellation
+    if (options?.signal?.aborted) {
+      throw new Error('Operation was aborted');
+    }
+
+    const session = await this.ensureDefaultSession();
+    // Get the stream from CommandClient
+    return this.client.commands.executeStream(command, session);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal session-aware execStream implementation
+   */
+  private async execStreamWithSession(
+    command: string,
+    sessionId: string,
+    options?: StreamOptions
+  ): Promise<ReadableStream<Uint8Array>> {
+    // Check for cancellation
+    if (options?.signal?.aborted) {
+      throw new Error('Operation was aborted');
+    }
+
+    return this.client.commands.executeStream(command, sessionId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stream logs from a background process as a ReadableStream.
+   */
+  async streamProcessLogs(
+    processId: string,
+    options?: { signal?: AbortSignal }
+  ): Promise<ReadableStream<Uint8Array>> {
+    // Check for cancellation
+    if (options?.signal?.aborted) {
+      throw new Error('Operation was aborted');
+    }
+
+    return this.client.processes.streamProcessLogs(processId);
   }
 
   async gitCheckout(
     repoUrl: string,
-    options: { branch?: string; targetDir?: string; stream?: boolean }
+    options: { branch?: string; targetDir?: string; sessionId?: string }
   ) {
-    if (options?.stream) {
-      return this.client.gitCheckoutStream(
-        repoUrl,
-        options.branch,
-        options.targetDir
-      );
-    }
-    return this.client.gitCheckout(repoUrl, options.branch, options.targetDir);
+    const session = options.sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+    return this.client.git.checkout(repoUrl, session, {
+      branch: options.branch,
+      targetDir: options.targetDir
+    });
   }
 
   async mkdir(
     path: string,
-    options: { recursive?: boolean; stream?: boolean } = {}
+    options: { recursive?: boolean; sessionId?: string } = {}
   ) {
-    if (options?.stream) {
-      return this.client.mkdirStream(path, options.recursive);
-    }
-    return this.client.mkdir(path, options.recursive);
+    const session = options.sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+    return this.client.files.mkdir(path, session, {
+      recursive: options.recursive
+    });
   }
 
   async writeFile(
     path: string,
     content: string,
-    options: { encoding?: string; stream?: boolean } = {}
+    options: { encoding?: string; sessionId?: string } = {}
   ) {
-    if (options?.stream) {
-      return this.client.writeFileStream(path, content, options.encoding);
-    }
-    return this.client.writeFile(path, content, options.encoding);
+    const session = options.sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+    return this.client.files.writeFile(path, content, session, {
+      encoding: options.encoding
+    });
   }
 
-  async deleteFile(path: string, options: { stream?: boolean } = {}) {
-    if (options?.stream) {
-      return this.client.deleteFileStream(path);
-    }
-    return this.client.deleteFile(path);
+  async deleteFile(path: string, sessionId?: string) {
+    const session = sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+    return this.client.files.deleteFile(path, session);
   }
 
-  async renameFile(
-    oldPath: string,
-    newPath: string,
-    options: { stream?: boolean } = {}
-  ) {
-    if (options?.stream) {
-      return this.client.renameFileStream(oldPath, newPath);
-    }
-    return this.client.renameFile(oldPath, newPath);
+  async renameFile(oldPath: string, newPath: string, sessionId?: string) {
+    const session = sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+    return this.client.files.renameFile(oldPath, newPath, session);
   }
 
   async moveFile(
     sourcePath: string,
     destinationPath: string,
-    options: { stream?: boolean } = {}
+    sessionId?: string
   ) {
-    if (options?.stream) {
-      return this.client.moveFileStream(sourcePath, destinationPath);
-    }
-    return this.client.moveFile(sourcePath, destinationPath);
+    const session = sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+    return this.client.files.moveFile(sourcePath, destinationPath, session);
   }
 
   async readFile(
     path: string,
-    options: { encoding?: string; stream?: boolean } = {}
+    options: { encoding?: string; sessionId?: string } = {}
   ) {
-    if (options?.stream) {
-      return this.client.readFileStream(path, options.encoding);
-    }
-    return this.client.readFile(path, options.encoding);
+    const session = options.sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+    return this.client.files.readFile(path, session, {
+      encoding: options.encoding
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stream a file from the sandbox using Server-Sent Events
+   * Returns a ReadableStream that can be consumed with streamFile() or collectFile() utilities
+   * @param path - Path to the file to stream
+   * @param options - Optional session ID
+   */
+  async readFileStream(
+    path: string,
+    options: { sessionId?: string } = {}
+  ): Promise<ReadableStream<Uint8Array>> {
+    const session = options.sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+    return this.client.files.readFileStream(path, session);
+  }
+
+  async listFiles(
+    path: string,
+    options?: { recursive?: boolean; includeHidden?: boolean }
+  ) {
+    const session = await this.ensureDefaultSession();
+    return this.client.files.listFiles(path, session, options);
+  }
+
+  async exists(path: string, sessionId?: string) {
+    const session = sessionId ?? (await this.ensureDefaultSession());
+    return this.client.files.exists(path, session);
   }
 
-  async exposePort(port: number, options?: { name?: string }) {
-    await this.client.exposePort(port, options?.name);
+  async exposePort(port: number, options: { name?: string; hostname: string }) {
+    // Check if hostname is workers.dev domain (doesn't support wildcard subdomains)
+    if (options.hostname.endsWith('.workers.dev')) {
+      const errorResponse: ErrorResponse = {
+        code: ErrorCode.CUSTOM_DOMAIN_REQUIRED,
+        message: `Port exposure requires a custom domain. .workers.dev domains do not support wildcard subdomains required for port proxying.`,
+        context: { originalError: options.hostname },
+        httpStatus: 400,
+        timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+      };
+      throw new CustomDomainRequiredError(errorResponse);
+    }
+
+    const sessionId = await this.ensureDefaultSession();
+    await this.client.ports.exposePort(port, sessionId, options?.name);
 
     // We need the sandbox name to construct preview URLs
     if (!this.sandboxName) {
-      throw new Error('Sandbox name not available. Ensure sandbox is accessed through getSandbox()');
+      throw new Error(
+        'Sandbox name not available. Ensure sandbox is accessed through getSandbox()'
+      );
     }
 
-    const hostname = this.getHostname();
-    const url = this.constructPreviewUrl(port, this.sandboxName, hostname);
+    // Generate and store token for this port
+    const token = this.generatePortToken();
+    this.portTokens.set(port, token);
+    await this.persistPortTokens();
+
+    const url = this.constructPreviewUrl(
+      port,
+      this.sandboxName,
+      options.hostname,
+      token
+    );
 
     return {
       url,
       port,
-      name: options?.name,
+      name: options?.name
     };
   }
 
   async unexposePort(port: number) {
-    await this.client.unexposePort(port);
+    if (!validatePort(port)) {
+      throw new SecurityError(
+        `Invalid port number: ${port}. Must be between 1024-65535 and not reserved.`
+      );
+    }
+
+    const sessionId = await this.ensureDefaultSession();
+    await this.client.ports.unexposePort(port, sessionId);
+
+    // Clean up token for this port
+    if (this.portTokens.has(port)) {
+      this.portTokens.delete(port);
+      await this.persistPortTokens();
+    }
   }
 
-  async getExposedPorts() {
-    const response = await this.client.getExposedPorts();
+  async getExposedPorts(hostname: string) {
+    const sessionId = await this.ensureDefaultSession();
+    const response = await this.client.ports.getExposedPorts(sessionId);
 
     // We need the sandbox name to construct preview URLs
     if (!this.sandboxName) {
-      throw new Error('Sandbox name not available. Ensure sandbox is accessed through getSandbox()');
+      throw new Error(
+        'Sandbox name not available. Ensure sandbox is accessed through getSandbox()'
+      );
+    }
+
+    return response.ports.map((port) => {
+      // Get token for this port - must exist for all exposed ports
+      const token = this.portTokens.get(port.port);
+      if (!token) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Port ${port.port} is exposed but has no token. This should not happen.`
+        );
+      }
+
+      return {
+        url: this.constructPreviewUrl(
+          port.port,
+          this.sandboxName!,
+          hostname,
+          token
+        ),
+        port: port.port,
+        status: port.status
+      };
+    });
+  }
+
+  async isPortExposed(port: number): Promise<boolean> {
+    try {
+      const sessionId = await this.ensureDefaultSession();
+      const response = await this.client.ports.getExposedPorts(sessionId);
+      return response.ports.some((exposedPort) => exposedPort.port === port);
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(
+        'Error checking if port is exposed',
+        error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)),
+        { port }
+      );
+      return false;
     }
+  }
+
+  async validatePortToken(port: number, token: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    // First check if port is exposed
+    const isExposed = await this.isPortExposed(port);
+    if (!isExposed) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get stored token for this port - must exist for all exposed ports
+    const storedToken = this.portTokens.get(port);
+    if (!storedToken) {
+      // This should not happen - all exposed ports must have tokens
+      this.logger.error(
+        'Port is exposed but has no token - bug detected',
+        undefined,
+        { port }
+      );
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Constant-time comparison to prevent timing attacks
+    return storedToken === token;
+  }
 
-    const hostname = this.getHostname();
+  private generatePortToken(): string {
+    // Generate cryptographically secure 16-character token using Web Crypto API
+    // Available in Cloudflare Workers runtime
+    const array = new Uint8Array(12); // 12 bytes = 16 base64url chars (after padding removal)
+    crypto.getRandomValues(array);
 
-    return response.ports.map(port => ({
-      url: this.constructPreviewUrl(port.port, this.sandboxName!, hostname),
-      port: port.port,
-      name: port.name,
-      exposedAt: port.exposedAt,
-    }));
+    // Convert to base64url format (URL-safe, no padding, lowercase)
+    const base64 = btoa(String.fromCharCode(...array));
+    return base64
+      .replace(/\+/g, '-')
+      .replace(/\//g, '_')
+      .replace(/=/g, '')
+      .toLowerCase();
   }
 
-  private getHostname(): string {
-    // Use the captured hostname or fall back to localhost for development
-    return this.workerHostname || "localhost:8787";
+  private async persistPortTokens(): Promise<void> {
+    // Convert Map to plain object for storage
+    const tokensObj: Record<string, string> = {};
+    for (const [port, token] of this.portTokens.entries()) {
+      tokensObj[port.toString()] = token;
+    }
+    await this.ctx.storage.put('portTokens', tokensObj);
   }
 
-  private constructPreviewUrl(port: number, sandboxId: string, hostname: string): string {
-    // Check if this is a localhost pattern
+  private constructPreviewUrl(
+    port: number,
+    sandboxId: string,
+    hostname: string,
+    token: string
+  ): string {
+    if (!validatePort(port)) {
+      throw new SecurityError(
+        `Invalid port number: ${port}. Must be between 1024-65535 and not reserved.`
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Validate sandbox ID (will throw SecurityError if invalid)
+    const sanitizedSandboxId = sanitizeSandboxId(sandboxId);
+
     const isLocalhost = isLocalhostPattern(hostname);
 
     if (isLocalhost) {
-      // For local development, we need to use a different approach
-      // Since subdomains don't work with localhost, we'll use the base URL
-      // with a note that the user needs to handle routing differently
-      return `http://${hostname}/preview/${port}/${sandboxId}`;
+      // Unified subdomain approach for localhost (RFC 6761)
+      const [host, portStr] = hostname.split(':');
+      const mainPort = portStr || '80';
+
+      // Use URL constructor for safe URL building
+      try {
+        const baseUrl = new URL(`http://${host}:${mainPort}`);
+        // Construct subdomain safely with mandatory token
+        const subdomainHost = `${port}-${sanitizedSandboxId}-${token}.${host}`;
+        baseUrl.hostname = subdomainHost;
+
+        return baseUrl.toString();
+      } catch (error) {
+        throw new SecurityError(
+          `Failed to construct preview URL: ${
+            error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'
+          }`
+        );
+      }
     }
 
-    // For all other domains (workers.dev, custom domains, etc.)
-    // Use subdomain-based routing pattern
-    const protocol = hostname.includes(":") ? "http" : "https";
-    return `${protocol}://${port}-${sandboxId}.${hostname}`;
+    // Production subdomain logic - enforce HTTPS
+    try {
+      // Always use HTTPS for production (non-localhost)
+      const protocol = 'https';
+      const baseUrl = new URL(`${protocol}://${hostname}`);
+
+      // Construct subdomain safely with mandatory token
+      const subdomainHost = `${port}-${sanitizedSandboxId}-${token}.${hostname}`;
+      baseUrl.hostname = subdomainHost;
+
+      return baseUrl.toString();
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new SecurityError(
+        `Failed to construct preview URL: ${
+          error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'
+        }`
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ============================================================================
+  // Session Management - Advanced Use Cases
+  // ============================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Create isolated execution session for advanced use cases
+   * Returns ExecutionSession with full sandbox API bound to specific session
+   */
+  async createSession(options?: SessionOptions): Promise<ExecutionSession> {
+    const sessionId = options?.id || `session-${Date.now()}`;
+
+    // Create session in container
+    await this.client.utils.createSession({
+      id: sessionId,
+      env: options?.env,
+      cwd: options?.cwd
+    });
+
+    // Return wrapper that binds sessionId to all operations
+    return this.getSessionWrapper(sessionId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get an existing session by ID
+   * Returns ExecutionSession wrapper bound to the specified session
+   *
+   * This is useful for retrieving sessions across different requests/contexts
+   * without storing the ExecutionSession object (which has RPC lifecycle limitations)
+   *
+   * @param sessionId - The ID of an existing session
+   * @returns ExecutionSession wrapper bound to the session
+   */
+  async getSession(sessionId: string): Promise<ExecutionSession> {
+    // No need to verify session exists in container - operations will fail naturally if it doesn't
+    return this.getSessionWrapper(sessionId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal helper to create ExecutionSession wrapper for a given sessionId
+   * Used by both createSession and getSession
+   */
+  private getSessionWrapper(sessionId: string): ExecutionSession {
+    return {
+      id: sessionId,
+
+      // Command execution - delegate to internal session-aware methods
+      exec: (command, options) =>
+        this.execWithSession(command, sessionId, options),
+      execStream: (command, options) =>
+        this.execStreamWithSession(command, sessionId, options),
+
+      // Process management
+      startProcess: (command, options) =>
+        this.startProcess(command, options, sessionId),
+      listProcesses: () => this.listProcesses(sessionId),
+      getProcess: (id) => this.getProcess(id, sessionId),
+      killProcess: (id, signal) => this.killProcess(id, signal),
+      killAllProcesses: () => this.killAllProcesses(),
+      cleanupCompletedProcesses: () => this.cleanupCompletedProcesses(),
+      getProcessLogs: (id) => this.getProcessLogs(id),
+      streamProcessLogs: (processId, options) =>
+        this.streamProcessLogs(processId, options),
+
+      // File operations - pass sessionId via options or parameter
+      writeFile: (path, content, options) =>
+        this.writeFile(path, content, { ...options, sessionId }),
+      readFile: (path, options) =>
+        this.readFile(path, { ...options, sessionId }),
+      readFileStream: (path) => this.readFileStream(path, { sessionId }),
+      mkdir: (path, options) => this.mkdir(path, { ...options, sessionId }),
+      deleteFile: (path) => this.deleteFile(path, sessionId),
+      renameFile: (oldPath, newPath) =>
+        this.renameFile(oldPath, newPath, sessionId),
+      moveFile: (sourcePath, destPath) =>
+        this.moveFile(sourcePath, destPath, sessionId),
+      listFiles: (path, options) =>
+        this.client.files.listFiles(path, sessionId, options),
+      exists: (path) => this.exists(path, sessionId),
+
+      // Git operations
+      gitCheckout: (repoUrl, options) =>
+        this.gitCheckout(repoUrl, { ...options, sessionId }),
+
+      // Environment management - needs special handling
+      setEnvVars: async (envVars: Record<string, string>) => {
+        try {
+          // Set environment variables by executing export commands
+          for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(envVars)) {
+            const escapedValue = value.replace(/'/g, "'\\''");
+            const exportCommand = `export ${key}='${escapedValue}'`;
+
+            const result = await this.client.commands.execute(
+              exportCommand,
+              sessionId
+            );
+
+            if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
+              throw new Error(
+                `Failed to set ${key}: ${result.stderr || 'Unknown error'}`
+              );
+            }
+          }
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.logger.error(
+            'Failed to set environment variables',
+            error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)),
+            { sessionId }
+          );
+          throw error;
+        }
+      },
+
+      // Code interpreter methods - delegate to sandbox's code interpreter
+      createCodeContext: (options) =>
+        this.codeInterpreter.createCodeContext(options),
+      runCode: async (code, options) => {
+        const execution = await this.codeInterpreter.runCode(code, options);
+        return execution.toJSON();
+      },
+      runCodeStream: (code, options) =>
+        this.codeInterpreter.runCodeStream(code, options),
+      listCodeContexts: () => this.codeInterpreter.listCodeContexts(),
+      deleteCodeContext: (contextId) =>
+        this.codeInterpreter.deleteCodeContext(contextId)
+    };
+  }
+
+  // ============================================================================
+  // Code interpreter methods - delegate to CodeInterpreter wrapper
+  // ============================================================================
+
+  async createCodeContext(
+    options?: CreateContextOptions
+  ): Promise<CodeContext> {
+    return this.codeInterpreter.createCodeContext(options);
+  }
+
+  async runCode(
+    code: string,
+    options?: RunCodeOptions
+  ): Promise<ExecutionResult> {
+    const execution = await this.codeInterpreter.runCode(code, options);
+    return execution.toJSON();
+  }
+
+  async runCodeStream(
+    code: string,
+    options?: RunCodeOptions
+  ): Promise<ReadableStream> {
+    return this.codeInterpreter.runCodeStream(code, options);
+  }
+
+  async listCodeContexts(): Promise<CodeContext[]> {
+    return this.codeInterpreter.listCodeContexts();
+  }
+
+  async deleteCodeContext(contextId: string): Promise<void> {
+    return this.codeInterpreter.deleteCodeContext(contextId);
   }
 }