@cloudflare/sandbox 0.0.0-6f16c81 → 0.0.0-706e459

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,289 @@
 # @cloudflare/sandbox
 
+## 0.4.15
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#185](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/185) [`7897cdd`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/7897cddefc366bbd640ea138b34a520a0b2ddf8c) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Fix foreground commands blocking on background processes
+
+- [#183](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/183) [`ff2fa91`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/ff2fa91479357ef88cfb22418f88acb257462faa) Thanks [@whoiskatrin](https://github.com/whoiskatrin)! - update python to 3.11.14
+
+## 0.4.14
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#172](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/172) [`1bf3576`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/1bf35768b02532c77df6f30a2f2eb08cb2b12115) Thanks [@threepointone](https://github.com/threepointone)! - Update dependencies
+
+- [#176](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/176) [`7edbfa9`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/7edbfa906668d75f540527f50b52483dc787192c) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Add cache mounts to Dockerfile for faster builds
+
+  Adds cache mounts for npm, apt, and pip package managers in the Dockerfile. This speeds up Docker image builds when dependencies change, particularly beneficial for users building from source.
+
+- [#172](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/172) [`1bf3576`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/1bf35768b02532c77df6f30a2f2eb08cb2b12115) Thanks [@threepointone](https://github.com/threepointone)! - Fix type generation
+
+  We inline types from `@repo/shared` so that it includes the types we reexport. Fixes #165
+
+- [#175](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/175) [`77cb937`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/77cb93762a619523758f769a10509e665ca819fe) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Move .connect to .wsConnect within DO stub
+
+## 0.4.13
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#168](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/168) [`6b08f02`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/6b08f02c061aef07cc98188abef2973ac92365f8) Thanks [@threepointone](https://github.com/threepointone)! - Fix type generation
+
+  We inline types from `@repo/shared` so that it includes the types we reexport. Fixes #165
+
+- [#162](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/162) [`c4db459`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/c4db459389a7b86048a03410d67d4dd7bf4a6085) Thanks [@whoiskatrin](https://github.com/whoiskatrin)! - Add WebSocket support via connect() method for routing client WebSocket connections directly to container services
+
+## 0.4.12
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#137](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/137) [`7f4442b`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/7f4442b7a097587d8f8e8f9ff2f887df6943a3db) Thanks [@whoiskatrin](https://github.com/whoiskatrin)! - add keepAlive flag to prevent containers from shutting down
+
+## 0.4.11
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#159](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/159) [`e16659a`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/e16659a1815923f1cd1176f51a052725d820ee16) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Use latest containers package version
+
+## 0.4.10
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#156](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/156) [`b61841c`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/b61841cfb3248022ee8136311e54955ed9faa1ee) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Fix WebSocket upgrade requests through exposed ports
+
+## 0.4.9
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#152](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/152) [`8e7773e`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/8e7773ec9571a5f968cbbc5f48e38e01d7d13b77) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Add exists() method to check if a file or directory exists
+
+  This adds a new `exists()` method to the SDK that checks whether a file or directory exists at a given path. The method returns a boolean indicating existence, similar to Python's `os.path.exists()` and JavaScript's `fs.existsSync()`.
+
+  The implementation is end-to-end:
+  - New `FileExistsResult` and `FileExistsRequest` types in shared package
+  - Handler endpoint at `/api/exists` in container layer
+  - Client method in `FileClient` and `Sandbox` classes
+  - Full test coverage (unit tests and E2E tests)
+
+## 0.4.8
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#153](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/153) [`f6a5c3e`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/f6a5c3e1607fce5fc26f816e9206ae437898d5af) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Fix token extraction regex causing Invalid token errors
+
+## 0.4.7
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#141](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/141) [`c39674b`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/c39674b8fe2e986e59a794b6bb3a5f51a87bae89) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Fix commands hanging when reading stdin by redirecting stdin to /dev/null
+
+- [#143](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/143) [`276efc0`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/276efc0ca8776bcc8de79e7e58dd24d9f418cc5c) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Remove unnecessary existing session check
+
+## 0.4.6
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#133](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/133) [`da2cfb8`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/da2cfb876675eb3445970c90b4d70d00288a7c74) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - feat: Add version sync detection between npm package and Docker image
+
+## 0.4.5
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#127](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/127) [`e79ac80`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/e79ac80bc855a3ec527d44cc14585794b23cb129) Thanks [@whoiskatrin](https://github.com/whoiskatrin)! - configurable sleepAfter
+
+## 0.4.4
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#125](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/125) [`fddccfd`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/fddccfdce8204ce2aa7dadc0ad9fb2acbdeaec51) Thanks [@whoiskatrin](https://github.com/whoiskatrin)! - add docker image to pkg workflow
+
+## 0.4.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#114](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/114) [`8c1f440`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/8c1f440ad6fd89a5c69f9ca9d055ad9b183dd1c3) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Debloat base docker image (2.63GB → 1.03GB)
+
+## 0.4.2
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [`e53d7e7`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/e53d7e7ce185f79bdd899029bb532e9651ae7ba5) Thanks [@threepointone](https://github.com/threepointone)! - fix build by inlining repo/shared
+
+## 0.4.1
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#111](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/111) [`1b5496b`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/1b5496bfceaee53c31911b409476ea87bebffe4c) Thanks [@threepointone](https://github.com/threepointone)! - trigger a release
+
+## 0.4.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- [#95](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/95) [`7aee736`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/7aee736bf07a4bf9020e2109bdaaa70214d52a01) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Rewrite SDK with cleaner design patterns and tests. Remove the unnecessary isolation cruft and fix foundational issues with streaming, sessions, validations and error handling. Cover the SDK with unit & e2e tests.
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#106](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/106) [`da947cd`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/da947cd9543fc99831eefb1e8741fc905cb8fa42) Thanks [@jahands](https://github.com/jahands)! - fix examples failing to deploy and prevent committing node_modules
+
+## 0.3.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#83](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/83) [`eec5bb6`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/eec5bb6203dd5d775b4b54e91c26de25eeb767ce) Thanks [@mikenomitch](https://github.com/mikenomitch)! - Bump containers package version
+
+## 0.3.2
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#76](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/76) [`ef9e320`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/ef9e320dcef30e57797fef6ebd9a9383fa9720d9) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Replace Jupyter with lightweight interpreters for >90% faster cold starts for `.runCode` calls, while maintaining full code execution capabilities and rich output support.
+
+## 0.3.1
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#71](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/71) [`fb3c9c2`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/fb3c9c22242d9d4f157c26f547f1e697ef7875f9) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Bump containers package version
+
+- [#70](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/70) [`e1fa354`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/e1fa354ab1bc7b0e89db4901b67028ebf1a93d0a) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Fix escaped quotes in file write operations
+
+- [#68](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/68) [`69b91d1`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/69b91d1a8f6afb63262cc381ea93e94a033ed5e8) Thanks [@CyrusNuevoDia](https://github.com/CyrusNuevoDia)! - Configurable timeouts via environment variables in isolation.ts
+
+- [#66](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/66) [`eca93b9`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/eca93b97e40fa0d3bd9dc27af2cc214ec355b696) Thanks [@peterp](https://github.com/peterp)! - Determine if the port is specified in the URL.
+
+## 0.3.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- [#59](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/59) [`b6757f7`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/b6757f730c34381d5a70d513944bbf9840f598ab) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Add process isolation for sandbox commands
+
+  Implements PID namespace isolation to protect control plane processes (Jupyter, Bun) from sandboxed code. Commands executed via `exec()` now run in isolated namespaces that cannot see or interact with system processes.
+
+  **Key security improvements:**
+  - Control plane processes are hidden from sandboxed commands
+  - Platform secrets in `/proc/1/environ` are inaccessible
+  - Ports 8888 (Jupyter) and 3000 (Bun) are protected from hijacking
+
+  **Breaking changes:**
+  1. **Removed `sessionId` parameter**: The `sessionId` parameter has been removed from all methods (`exec()`, `execStream()`, `startProcess()`, etc.). Each sandbox now maintains its own persistent session automatically.
+
+     ```javascript
+     // Before: manual session management
+     await sandbox.exec('cd /app', { sessionId: 'my-session' });
+
+     // After: automatic session per sandbox
+     await sandbox.exec('cd /app');
+     ```
+
+  2. **Commands now maintain state**: Commands within the same sandbox now share state (working directory, environment variables, background processes). Previously each command was stateless.
+
+     ```javascript
+     // Before: each exec was independent
+     await sandbox.exec('cd /app');
+     await sandbox.exec('pwd'); // Output: /workspace
+
+     // After: state persists in session
+     await sandbox.exec('cd /app');
+     await sandbox.exec('pwd'); // Output: /app
+     ```
+
+  **Migration guide:**
+  - Remove `sessionId` from all method calls - each sandbox maintains its own session
+  - If you need isolated execution contexts within the same sandbox, use `sandbox.createSession()`:
+    ```javascript
+    // Create independent sessions with different environments
+    const buildSession = await sandbox.createSession({
+      name: 'build',
+      env: { NODE_ENV: 'production' },
+      cwd: '/build'
+    });
+    const testSession = await sandbox.createSession({
+      name: 'test',
+      env: { NODE_ENV: 'test' },
+      cwd: '/test'
+    });
+    ```
+  - Environment variables set in one command persist to the next
+  - Background processes remain active until explicitly killed
+  - Requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN (available in production, falls back gracefully in dev)
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#62](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/62) [`4bedc3a`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/4bedc3aba347f3d4090a6efe2c9778bac00ce74a) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Fix broken build due to bun lockfile not being used
+
+## 0.2.4
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#57](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/57) [`12bbd12`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/12bbd1229c07ef8c1c0bf58a4235a27938155b08) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Add listFiles method
+
+## 0.2.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#53](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/53) [`c87db11`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/c87db117693a86cfb667bf09fb7720d6a6e0524d) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Improve jupyterlab config to speed up startup
+
+## 0.2.2
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#51](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/51) [`4aceb32`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/4aceb3215c836f59afcb88b2b325016b3f623f46) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Handle intermittent interpreter failures and decouple jupyter startup
+
+## 0.2.1
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#49](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/49) [`d81d2a5`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/d81d2a563c9af8947d5444019ed4d6156db563e3) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Implement code interpreter API
+
+## 0.2.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- [#47](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/47) [`8a93d0c`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/8a93d0cae18a25bda6506b8b0a08d9e9eb3bb290) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Change default directory to a clean /workspace
+
+## 0.1.4
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#46](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/46) [`7de28be`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/7de28be482d9634551572d548c7c4b5842df812d) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Update README
+
+- [#44](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/44) [`215ab49`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/215ab494427d7e2a92bb9a25384cb493a221c200) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Update example to use env & cwd
+
+- [#42](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/42) [`bb72193`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/bb72193ad75695979bd1132206f481e91fe37325) Thanks [@jonasnobile](https://github.com/jonasnobile)! - Propagate `cwd` and `env` options in `executeCommand`
+
+- [#27](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/27) [`fd5ec7f`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/fd5ec7f34bc12b06320a89356c4af07801f52d64) Thanks [@threepointone](https://github.com/threepointone)! - remove yarn and pnpm from the image
+
+## 0.1.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#32](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/32) [`1a42464`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/1a4246479369c5d0160705caf192aa1816540d52) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Bring back package README
+
+## 0.1.2
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#30](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/30) [`30e5c25`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/30e5c25cf7d4b07f9049724206c531e2d5d29d5c) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Remove actions timeout
+
+- [#29](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/29) [`d78508f`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/d78508f7287a59e0423edd2999c2c83e9e34ccfd) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Create multi-platform Docker image and switch to Cloudflare official repo
+
+## 0.1.1
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [`157dde9`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/157dde9b1f23e9bb6f3e9c3f0514b639a8813897) Thanks [@threepointone](https://github.com/threepointone)! - update deps
+
+- [`a04f6b6`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/a04f6b6c0b2ef9e3ce0851b53769f1c10d8c6de6) Thanks [@threepointone](https://github.com/threepointone)! - trigger a build with updated deps
+
+## 0.1.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- [#24](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/24) [`cecde0a`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/cecde0a7530a87deffd8562fb8b01d66ee80ee19) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Redesign command execution API
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#22](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/pull/22) [`f5fcd52`](https://github.com/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/commit/f5fcd52025d1f7958a374e69d75e3fc590275f3f) Thanks [@ghostwriternr](https://github.com/ghostwriternr)! - Allow setting env variables dynamically and remove command restrictions
+
 ## 0.0.9
 
 ### Patch Changes

package/Dockerfile

@@ -1,93 +1,190 @@
-# Sandbox base image with development tools, Python, Node.js, and Bun
-FROM ubuntu:22.04
+# Sandbox container image with full development environment
+# Multi-stage build optimized for Turborepo monorepo
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Stage 1: Prune monorepo to only include necessary packages
+# ============================================================================
+FROM node:20-alpine AS pruner
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Install Turborepo globally
+RUN npm install -g turbo
+
+# Copy entire monorepo
+COPY . .
+
+# Prune to only @repo/sandbox-container and its dependencies (@repo/shared)
+# The --docker flag generates out/json and out/full directories
+RUN turbo prune @repo/sandbox-container --docker
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Stage 2: Install dependencies and build packages
+# ============================================================================
+FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy pruned lockfile and package.json files (for Docker layer caching)
+COPY --from=pruner /app/out/json/ .
+COPY --from=pruner /app/out/package-lock.json ./package-lock.json
+
+# Install ALL dependencies with cache mount for npm packages
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.npm \
+    npm ci
+
+# Copy pruned source code
+COPY --from=pruner /app/out/full/ .
+
+# Build all packages (Turborepo handles dependency order automatically)
+# This builds @repo/shared first, then @repo/sandbox-container
+RUN npx turbo run build
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Stage 3: Install production-only dependencies
+# ============================================================================
+FROM node:20-alpine AS prod-deps
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy package files from builder
+COPY --from=builder /app/package.json ./package.json
+COPY --from=builder /app/package-lock.json ./package-lock.json
+COPY --from=builder /app/packages ./packages
+COPY --from=builder /app/tooling ./tooling
+
+# Install ONLY production dependencies (excludes typescript, @types/*, etc.)
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.npm \
+    npm ci --production
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Stage 4: Download pre-built Python 3.11.14
+# ============================================================================
+FROM ubuntu:22.04 AS python-builder
 
 # Prevent interactive prompts during package installation
 ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 
-# Install essential system packages and development tools
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
-    # Basic utilities
-    curl \
-    wget \
-    git \
-    unzip \
-    zip \
-    # Process management
-    procps \
-    htop \
-    # Build tools
-    build-essential \
-    pkg-config \
-    # Network tools
-    net-tools \
-    iputils-ping \
-    dnsutils \
-    # Text processing
-    jq \
-    vim \
-    nano \
-    # Python dependencies
-    python3.11 \
-    python3.11-dev \
-    python3-pip \
-    # Other useful tools
-    sudo \
-    ca-certificates \
-    gnupg \
-    lsb-release \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+# Accept architecture from Docker BuildKit (for multi-arch builds)
+ARG TARGETARCH
+
+# Install minimal dependencies for downloading
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt,sharing=locked \
+    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt,sharing=locked \
+    rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean && \
+    echo 'Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages "true";' >/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/keep-cache && \
+    apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    wget ca-certificates
+
+# Download and extract pre-built Python 3.11.14 from python-build-standalone
+# Using PGO+LTO optimized builds for better performance
+# Supports multi-arch: amd64 (x86_64) and arm64 (aarch64)
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/tmp/python-cache \
+    # Map Docker TARGETARCH to python-build-standalone arch naming
+    if [ "$TARGETARCH" = "amd64" ]; then \
+        PYTHON_ARCH="x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"; \
+        EXPECTED_SHA256="edd8d11aa538953d12822fab418359a692fd1ee4ca2675579fbf0fa31e3688f1"; \
+    elif [ "$TARGETARCH" = "arm64" ]; then \
+        PYTHON_ARCH="aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu"; \
+        EXPECTED_SHA256="08141d31f95d86a23f23e4c741b726de0055f12f83200d1d4867b4e8e6e967c5"; \
+    else \
+        echo "Unsupported architecture: $TARGETARCH" && exit 1; \
+    fi && \
+    cd /tmp/python-cache && \
+    wget -nc https://github.com/indygreg/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251028/cpython-3.11.14+20251028-${PYTHON_ARCH}-install_only.tar.gz && \
+    # Verify SHA256 checksum for security
+    echo "${EXPECTED_SHA256}  cpython-3.11.14+20251028-${PYTHON_ARCH}-install_only.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c - && \
+    cd /tmp && \
+    tar -xzf /tmp/python-cache/cpython-3.11.14+20251028-${PYTHON_ARCH}-install_only.tar.gz && \
+    mv python /usr/local/ && \
+    rm -rf /tmp/cpython-*
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Stage 5: Runtime - Ubuntu 22.04 with only runtime dependencies
+# ============================================================================
+FROM ubuntu:22.04 AS runtime
+
+# Accept version as build argument (passed from npm_package_version)
+ARG SANDBOX_VERSION=unknown
+
+# Prevent interactive prompts during package installation
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+# Set the sandbox version as an environment variable for version checking
+ENV SANDBOX_VERSION=${SANDBOX_VERSION}
+
+# Install runtime packages and Python runtime libraries
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt,sharing=locked \
+    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt,sharing=locked \
+    rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean && \
+    echo 'Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages "true";' >/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/keep-cache && \
+    apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    ca-certificates curl wget procps git unzip zip jq file \
+    libssl3 zlib1g libbz2-1.0 libreadline8 libsqlite3-0 \
+    libncursesw6 libtinfo6 libxml2 libxmlsec1 libffi8 liblzma5 libtk8.6 && \
+    update-ca-certificates
+
+# Copy pre-built Python from python-builder stage
+COPY --from=python-builder /usr/local/python /usr/local/python
+
+# Create symlinks and update shared library cache
+RUN ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python3.11 /usr/local/bin/python3.11 && \
+    ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3 && \
+    ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3 && \
+    echo "/usr/local/python/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python.conf && \
+    ldconfig
 
 # Set Python 3.11 as default python3
-RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.11 1
-
-# Install Node.js 22 LTS
-# Using the official NodeSource repository setup script
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg \
-    && mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings \
-    && curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg \
-    && echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_22.x nodistro main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list \
-    && apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y nodejs \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-
-# Install Bun using the official installation script
-RUN curl -fsSL https://bun.sh/install | bash \
-    && mv /root/.bun/bin/bun /usr/local/bin/bun \
-    && mv /root/.bun/bin/bunx /usr/local/bin/bunx \
-    && rm -rf /root/.bun
-
-# Install global npm packages as root
-RUN npm install -g yarn pnpm
-
-# Create a non-root user for running applications
-RUN useradd -m -s /bin/bash sandbox \
-    && echo "sandbox ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
-
-# Set up working directory
-WORKDIR /app
+RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/local/bin/python3.11 1
+
+# Install Python packages
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/pip \
+    pip3 install --no-cache-dir matplotlib numpy pandas ipython
+
+# Install Node.js 20 LTS from official Node image
+COPY --from=node:20-slim /usr/local/bin/node /usr/local/bin/node
+COPY --from=node:20-slim /usr/local/lib/node_modules /usr/local/lib/node_modules
+RUN ln -s /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js /usr/local/bin/npm && \
+    ln -s /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npx-cli.js /usr/local/bin/npx
 
-# Set ownership of the app directory to sandbox user
-RUN chown -R sandbox:sandbox /app
+# Install Bun runtime from official image
+COPY --from=oven/bun:1 /usr/local/bin/bun /usr/local/bin/bun
 
-# Set environment variables
-ENV PATH="/home/sandbox/.local/bin:${PATH}"
+# Set up runtime container server directory
+WORKDIR /container-server
 
-# Switch to non-root user
-USER sandbox
+# Copy built sandbox-container package
+COPY --from=builder /app/packages/sandbox-container/dist ./dist
+COPY --from=builder /app/packages/sandbox-container/package.json ./package.json
 
-# Verify installations
-RUN python3 --version && \
-    node --version && \
-    npm --version && \
-    bun --version && \
-    yarn --version && \
-    pnpm --version
+# Copy Python executor to runtime location
+COPY --from=builder /app/packages/sandbox-container/src/runtime/executors/python/ipython_executor.py ./dist/runtime/executors/python/
 
-# Copy container source files
-COPY --chown=sandbox:sandbox container_src/* ./
+# Copy production-only node_modules (excludes typescript, @types/*, etc.)
+# Includes: @repo/shared, zod, esbuild (runtime dependencies)
+COPY --from=prod-deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
 
-# Expose the application port
+# Copy workspace packages
+COPY --from=prod-deps /app/packages/shared/dist ./packages/shared/dist
+COPY --from=prod-deps /app/packages/shared/package.json ./packages/shared/package.json
+
+# Configure process pool sizes (can be overridden at runtime)
+ENV PYTHON_POOL_MIN_SIZE=3
+ENV PYTHON_POOL_MAX_SIZE=15
+ENV JAVASCRIPT_POOL_MIN_SIZE=3
+ENV JAVASCRIPT_POOL_MAX_SIZE=10
+ENV TYPESCRIPT_POOL_MIN_SIZE=3
+ENV TYPESCRIPT_POOL_MAX_SIZE=10
+
+# Create clean workspace directory for user code
+RUN mkdir -p /workspace
+
+# Expose the application port (3000 for control)
 EXPOSE 3000
 
-# Run the application
-CMD ["bun", "index.ts"]
+# Copy and make startup script executable
+COPY packages/sandbox/startup.sh ./
+RUN chmod +x startup.sh
+
+# Use startup script
+CMD ["./startup.sh"]