@clickzetta/cz-cli-linux-x64 0.3.2 → 0.3.5

package/bin/skills/clickzetta-sql-syntax-guide/references/migration-snowflake.md

@@ -1,382 +0,0 @@
-# Snowflake → ClickZetta 迁移指南
-
-> 全面覆盖从 Snowflake 迁移到 ClickZetta Lakehouse 时遇到的 SQL 兼容性问题，所有结论均经过真实 Lakehouse 验证。
-
----
-
-## 对象概念映射
-
-| Snowflake | ClickZetta | 说明 |
-|---|---|---|
-| DATABASE | WORKSPACE | 顶层容器 |
-| SCHEMA | SCHEMA | 相同 |
-| WAREHOUSE | VCLUSTER | 计算集群 |
-| STAGE | VOLUME | 文件存储区域 |
-| STORAGE INTEGRATION | STORAGE CONNECTION | 对象存储认证 |
-| SNOWPIPE | PIPE | 持续导入管道 |
-| STREAM | TABLE STREAM | CDC 变更捕获 |
-| DYNAMIC TABLE | DYNAMIC TABLE | 语法不同 |
-| TASK | Studio 任务 | 调度任务 |
-| SEQUENCE | IDENTITY 列 | 自增序列 |
-| SHARE | SHARE | 跨实例数据共享（语法相同） |
-
----
-
-## DDL 差异
-
-### CREATE TABLE
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake
-CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE orders (
-    id NUMBER AUTOINCREMENT,
-    customer_id NUMBER(10,0),
-    amount NUMBER(18,2),
-    status VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT 'pending',
-    created_at TIMESTAMP_LTZ DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(),
-    meta VARIANT,
-    tags ARRAY
-) CLUSTER BY (DATE_TRUNC('month', created_at));
-
--- ClickZetta 等价写法
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS orders (
-    id BIGINT IDENTITY(1),          -- AUTOINCREMENT → IDENTITY
-    customer_id INT,                 -- NUMBER(10,0) → INT
-    amount DECIMAL(18,2),            -- NUMBER(18,2) → DECIMAL(18,2)
-    status STRING DEFAULT 'pending',
-    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT current_timestamp(),
-    meta JSON,                       -- VARIANT → JSON
-    tags ARRAY<STRING>               -- ARRAY → ARRAY<T>（需指定元素类型）
-)
-CLUSTERED BY (customer_id) INTO 16 BUCKETS;  -- CLUSTER BY → CLUSTERED BY ... BUCKETS
-```
-
-### 不支持的 DDL
-
-```sql
--- ❌ CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE（用 IF NOT EXISTS）
-CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t (...);
--- ✅ ClickZetta
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t (...);
-
--- ❌ CREATE SEQUENCE（用 IDENTITY 列）
-CREATE SEQUENCE my_seq START 1 INCREMENT 1;
--- ✅ ClickZetta
-CREATE TABLE t (id BIGINT IDENTITY(1), ...);
-
--- ❌ CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE（用 CTE 替代）
-CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_t AS SELECT ...;
--- ✅ ClickZetta
-WITH temp_t AS (SELECT ...) SELECT * FROM temp_t;
-
--- ❌ CREATE TRANSIENT TABLE（用 data_lifecycle 控制）
-CREATE TRANSIENT TABLE t (...);
--- ✅ ClickZetta
-CREATE TABLE t (...) PROPERTIES ('data_lifecycle' = '1');
-
--- ❌ CLUSTER BY（列级别）
-CREATE TABLE t (...) CLUSTER BY (col1, col2);
--- ✅ ClickZetta（分桶）
-CREATE TABLE t (...) CLUSTERED BY (col1) INTO 16 BUCKETS;
-```
-
----
-
-## 数据类型映射
-
-| Snowflake | ClickZetta | 注意事项 |
-|---|---|---|
-| `NUMBER(p,s)` / `NUMERIC(p,s)` | `DECIMAL(p,s)` | |
-| `NUMBER(10,0)` / `INTEGER` | `INT` / `BIGINT` | |
-| `FLOAT` / `FLOAT4` | `FLOAT` | |
-| `FLOAT8` / `DOUBLE` | `DOUBLE` | |
-| `VARCHAR(n)` / `TEXT` | `STRING` 或 `VARCHAR(n)` | |
-| `CHAR(n)` | `CHAR(n)` | 相同 |
-| `BOOLEAN` | `BOOLEAN` | 相同，但写入规则不同（见下） |
-| `DATE` | `DATE` | 相同 |
-| `TIMESTAMP_LTZ` | `TIMESTAMP` | 带本地时区 |
-| `TIMESTAMP_NTZ` | `TIMESTAMP_NTZ` | 无时区 |
-| `TIMESTAMP_TZ` | `TIMESTAMP` | ClickZetta 无独立 TZ 类型 |
-| `VARIANT` | `JSON` | 访问语法不同（见下） |
-| `ARRAY` | `ARRAY<T>` | 需指定元素类型 |
-| `OBJECT` | `MAP<STRING,STRING>` 或 `STRUCT<...>` | |
-| `GEOGRAPHY` | 不支持 | |
-| `VECTOR(FLOAT, N)` | `VECTOR(FLOAT, N)` | 相同 |
-
----
-
-## ⚠️ 写入时类型转换（重要差异）
-
-Snowflake 允许字符串隐式转换为日期/布尔等类型，ClickZetta **不允许**：
-
-```sql
--- ❌ Snowflake 可以，ClickZetta 报错
-INSERT INTO t VALUES ('2024-01-15', 'true', '123');
-
--- ✅ ClickZetta 必须显式转换
-INSERT INTO t VALUES (DATE '2024-01-15', TRUE, CAST('123' AS INT));
-INSERT INTO t VALUES (CAST('2024-01-15' AS DATE), CAST('true' AS BOOLEAN), 123);
-```
-
-| 目标类型 | Snowflake | ClickZetta |
-|---|---|---|
-| `DATE` ← `'2024-01-15'` | ✅ 隐式 | ❌ 需 `DATE '...'` 或 `CAST` |
-| `TIMESTAMP` ← `'2024-01-15 12:00'` | ✅ 隐式 | ❌ 需 `TIMESTAMP '...'` 或 `CAST` |
-| `BOOLEAN` ← `'true'` | ✅ 隐式 | ❌ 需 `TRUE`/`FALSE` 或 `CAST` |
-| `BOOLEAN` ← `1` | ✅ 隐式 | ❌ 需 `CAST(1 AS BOOLEAN)` |
-| `INT` ← `'123'` | ✅ 隐式 | ❌ 需 `CAST('123' AS INT)` |
-| `JSON` ← `'{"k":1}'` | ✅ 隐式 | ❌ 需 `PARSE_JSON(...)` 或 `CAST` |
-| WHERE 中字符串比较 | ✅ | ✅ 允许 |
-
----
-
-## DML 差异
-
-### INSERT / UPDATE
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake：字符串可隐式转换
-INSERT INTO orders VALUES (1, '2024-01-15', 'true');
-
--- ClickZetta：必须显式转换
-INSERT INTO orders VALUES (1, DATE '2024-01-15', TRUE);
-UPDATE orders SET dt = CAST('2024-06-01' AS DATE) WHERE id = 1;
-```
-
-### MERGE INTO
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake：支持多个 WHEN NOT MATCHED，支持 WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE
-MERGE INTO t USING s ON t.id = s.id
-WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET ...
-WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT ...
-WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE THEN DELETE;  -- ❌ ClickZetta 不支持
-
--- ClickZetta：WHEN NOT MATCHED 只能有一个，UPDATE 必须在 DELETE 前
-MERGE INTO t USING s ON t.id = s.id
-WHEN MATCHED AND s.flag = 0 THEN UPDATE SET t.val = s.val  -- UPDATE 在前
-WHEN MATCHED AND s.flag = 1 THEN DELETE                    -- DELETE 在后
-WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (id, val) VALUES (s.id, s.val);
-```
-
-### 事务
-
-```sql
--- ❌ ClickZetta 不支持事务语法
-BEGIN;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-START TRANSACTION;
-COMMIT;
-ROLLBACK;
-
--- ✅ 用 MERGE 实现原子性 UPSERT
-MERGE INTO target USING source ON ...
-```
-
----
-
-## DQL 差异
-
-### QUALIFY（窗口函数过滤）
-
-```sql
--- 两者都支持 QUALIFY
-SELECT * FROM orders
-QUALIFY ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY created_at DESC) = 1;
-```
-
-### PIVOT / UNPIVOT
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake：原生支持
-SELECT * FROM sales
-PIVOT (SUM(amount) FOR month IN ('Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar'));
-
--- ClickZetta：用 CASE WHEN
-SELECT product,
-    SUM(CASE WHEN month = 'Jan' THEN amount END) AS Jan,
-    SUM(CASE WHEN month = 'Feb' THEN amount END) AS Feb
-FROM sales GROUP BY product;
-```
-
-### LATERAL FLATTEN → LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake：LATERAL FLATTEN
-SELECT f.value::STRING AS skill
-FROM employees, LATERAL FLATTEN(input => skills) f;
-
--- ClickZetta：LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE
-SELECT skill
-FROM employees
-LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE(skills) lv AS skill;
-
--- 带位置索引
-SELECT pos, skill
-FROM employees
-LATERAL VIEW POSEXPLODE(skills) lv AS pos, skill;
-```
-
-### JSON 访问语法
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake：冒号语法
-SELECT data:address:city AS city FROM users;
-SELECT data[0]:name AS name FROM users;
-SELECT data:scores[2] AS score FROM users;
-
--- ClickZetta：方括号语法
-SELECT data['address']['city'] AS city FROM users;
-SELECT data['phoneNumbers'][0]['name'] AS name FROM users;
-SELECT data['scores'][2] AS score FROM users;
-
--- 类型转换
--- Snowflake: data:age::INT
--- ClickZetta: CAST(data['age'] AS INT)
-```
-
-### OBJECT_CONSTRUCT / ARRAY_CONSTRUCT
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake
-SELECT OBJECT_CONSTRUCT('name', 'Alice', 'age', 30) AS obj;
-SELECT ARRAY_CONSTRUCT(1, 2, 3) AS arr;
-
--- ClickZetta
-SELECT MAP('name', 'Alice') AS obj;          -- 简单 MAP
-SELECT named_struct('id', 1, 'name', 'Alice') AS person;  -- ✅ 命名字段用 named_struct
-SELECT STRUCT(1, 'Alice') AS person;         -- 位置参数写法
-SELECT ARRAY(1, 2, 3) AS arr;               -- ARRAY_CONSTRUCT → ARRAY()
-```
-
-### ASOF JOIN / MATCH_RECOGNIZE
-
-```sql
--- ❌ ClickZetta 不支持
-SELECT * FROM t1 ASOF JOIN t2 ON t1.id = t2.id;
-SELECT * FROM t MATCH_RECOGNIZE (...);
-```
-
----
-
-## 函数差异
-
-### 日期函数
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake → ClickZetta
-DATEADD(day, 7, dt)          → DATEADD(day, 7, dt)  ✅ 相同；也可用 DATE_ADD(dt, 7)
-DATEDIFF(day, start, end)    → DATEDIFF(end, start)  ⚠️ 参数顺序相反！
-DATE_TRUNC('month', dt)      → DATE_TRUNC('month', dt)  相同
-TO_DATE('2024-01-01')        → TO_DATE('2024-01-01')  相同
-CONVERT_TIMEZONE(tz, dt)     → CONVERT_TZ(dt, from_tz, to_tz)
-SYSDATE() / GETDATE()        → CURRENT_TIMESTAMP() / NOW()
-LAST_DAY(dt)                 → LAST_DAY(dt)  相同
-YEAR(dt) / MONTH(dt)         → YEAR(dt) / MONTH(dt)  相同
-```
-
-### 字符串函数
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake → ClickZetta
-CHARINDEX(sub, s)            → INSTR(s, sub)  ⚠️ 参数顺序相反！
-EDITDISTANCE(s1, s2)         → LEVENSHTEIN(s1, s2)
-STRTOK(s, delim, n)          → SPLIT_PART(s, delim, n)
-ILIKE(s, pattern)            → ILIKE(s, pattern)  ✅ ClickZetta 也支持！
-CONTAINS(s, sub)             → INSTR(s, sub) > 0
-STARTSWITH(s, prefix)        → s LIKE 'prefix%'
-ENDSWITH(s, suffix)          → s LIKE '%suffix'
-INITCAP(s)                   → INITCAP(s)  相同
-REGEXP_LIKE(s, p)            → RLIKE(s, p) 或 s RLIKE p
-```
-
-### 聚合函数
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake → ClickZetta
-LISTAGG(col, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY col)  → GROUP_CONCAT(col ORDER BY col SEPARATOR ',')
-ARRAY_AGG(col) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY col)     → ARRAY_AGG(col)  ⚠️ 不支持 WITHIN GROUP
-OBJECT_AGG(key, value)                         → MAP_AGG(key, value)
-APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT(col)                     → APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT(col)  相同
-MEDIAN(col)                                    → MEDIAN(col)  相同
-```
-
-### 条件函数
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake → ClickZetta
-IFF(cond, a, b)              → IF(cond, a, b)
-ZEROIFNULL(x)                → COALESCE(x, 0) 或 NVL(x, 0)
-NULLIFZERO(x)                → NULLIF(x, 0)
-DECODE(expr, v1, r1, ...)    → DECODE(expr, v1, r1, ...)  相同
-BOOLAND(a, b)                → a AND b
-BOOLOR(a, b)                 → a OR b
-```
-
----
-
-## Stream 元数据字段
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake Stream
-METADATA$ACTION        -- 'INSERT' / 'DELETE'
-METADATA$ISUPDATE      -- TRUE/FALSE（UPDATE 会产生一对 DELETE+INSERT）
-METADATA$ROW_ID        -- 行唯一标识
-
--- ClickZetta Table Stream
-__change_type          -- 'INSERT' / 'UPDATE_BEFORE' / 'UPDATE_AFTER' / 'DELETE'
-__commit_version       -- 提交版本号
-__commit_timestamp     -- 提交时间戳
-
--- 消费 Stream 的 MERGE 写法
--- Snowflake
-MERGE INTO target t USING stream s ON t.id = s.id
-WHEN MATCHED AND s.METADATA$ACTION = 'DELETE' THEN DELETE
-WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET ...
-WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.METADATA$ACTION = 'INSERT' THEN INSERT ...;
-
--- ClickZetta
-MERGE INTO target t USING stream s ON t.id = s.id
-WHEN MATCHED AND s.__change_type = 'UPDATE_AFTER' THEN UPDATE SET ...
-WHEN MATCHED AND s.__change_type = 'DELETE' THEN DELETE
-WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.__change_type = 'INSERT' THEN INSERT ...;
-```
-
----
-
-## Dynamic Table 差异
-
-```sql
--- Snowflake
-CREATE DYNAMIC TABLE product_sales
-    TARGET_LAG = '1 minutes'
-    WAREHOUSE = my_warehouse
-AS SELECT ...;
-
--- ClickZetta（不支持 TARGET_LAG）
-CREATE DYNAMIC TABLE product_sales
-    REFRESH INTERVAL 1 MINUTE VCLUSTER default_ap
-AS SELECT ...;
-```
-
----
-
-## 已验证的兼容性（Snowflake 有，ClickZetta 也有）
-
-- `SEMI JOIN` / `ANTI JOIN` ✅
-- `QUALIFY` ✅（ClickZetta 也支持）
-- `ILIKE` ✅（ClickZetta 也支持）
-- `DATEADD` ✅（ClickZetta 也支持）
-- `MINUS`（等价于 EXCEPT）✅
-- `DECODE` ✅
-- `INITCAP` ✅
-- `MEDIAN` ✅
-- `APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT` ✅
-- `TRY_CAST` ✅
-- `NULLIF` / `COALESCE` / `NVL` ✅
-- `GROUPING SETS` / `ROLLUP` / `CUBE` ✅
-- `WITH CTE` ✅
-- `REGEXP_LIKE` / `RLIKE` ✅
-- `SPLIT_PART` ✅
-- `LAST_DAY` ✅
-- `IDENTITY` 列（替代 AUTOINCREMENT/SEQUENCE）✅