@classytic/labs 0.4.0 → 0.5.0

package/dist/physics/circular-motion/preset.mjs

@@ -6,13 +6,12 @@ import { Field, LiveRegion } from "../../kit/frame.mjs";
 import { ChallengeCard, useChallenge, useCheckpoint } from "../../kit/pedagogy.mjs";
 import { MechanicsActivity } from "../mechanics/activity.mjs";
 import { MechanicsVector, SceneSurface, SimulationTransport } from "../mechanics/presentation.mjs";
-import { useSimulation } from "../../kit/simulation/use-simulation.mjs";
+import { useSimulationClock } from "../../kit/simulation/clock.mjs";
 import { usePlayGate } from "../../kit/play.mjs";
-import { ballPosition, whirl } from "./model.mjs";
-import { useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { Fragment as Fragment$1, jsx, jsxs } from "react/jsx-runtime";
+import { useState } from "react";
 import { Circle, Dot, Polyline, Segment, Stage } from "@classytic/stage";
-import { centripetalForce } from "@classytic/stage/physics";
+import { Fragment as Fragment$1, jsx, jsxs } from "react/jsx-runtime";
+import { createOrbitalReleaseWorld, sampleOrbitalReleaseWorld } from "@classytic/stage/physics";
 
 //#region src/physics/circular-motion/preset.tsx
 /**
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ import { centripetalForce } from "@classytic/stage/physics";
 *
 * Uses the ambient PlayWrap gate (pause to study the vectors). Tokenized SVG.
 */
-const PREDICT = [{
+const RELEASE_PREDICT = [{
 	id: "release",
 	prompt: "You’re whirling a ball on a string in a circle. At the instant you let go, which way does the ball fly?",
 	choices: [
@@ -48,52 +47,113 @@ const PREDICT = [{
 	answer: "tangent",
 	explain: "No force acts after release, so by Newton’s first law it travels in a straight line along its velocity, the tangent. It does NOT fly radially outward (that’s the common misconception) and does not keep curving."
 }];
-function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title = "Whirl & cut: where does it really go?", prompt = "The string’s tension is the centripetal force F = mv²/r, always toward the centre, bending the path without changing the speed. Cut the string and the ball leaves along the tangent, not outward.", objectives, controlConfig, activity }) {
+const DIRECTION_PREDICT = [{
+	id: "direction",
+	prompt: "While the ball moves in a circle, which way does the resultant force point?",
+	choices: [
+		{
+			value: "centre",
+			label: "Towards the centre"
+		},
+		{
+			value: "tangent",
+			label: "Along the tangent"
+		},
+		{
+			value: "outward",
+			label: "Away from the centre"
+		}
+	],
+	answer: "centre",
+	explain: "Velocity follows the tangent. The resultant force points inward and keeps turning that velocity."
+}];
+const DEPENDENCY_PREDICT = [{
+	id: "speed",
+	prompt: "The same car takes the same bend faster. What must happen to the inward force?",
+	choices: [
+		{
+			value: "increase",
+			label: "It must increase"
+		},
+		{
+			value: "same",
+			label: "It stays the same"
+		},
+		{
+			value: "decrease",
+			label: "It must decrease"
+		}
+	],
+	answer: "increase",
+	explain: "A faster object needs a greater inward force to keep following the same circular path."
+}];
+function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title, prompt, mode = "quantitative", scenario = "release", objectives, controlConfig, activity }) {
+	const resolvedTitle = title ?? (scenario === "direction" ? "Two arrows, one turn" : scenario === "dependencies" ? "What makes a turn harder?" : "Release the string");
+	const resolvedPrompt = prompt ?? (scenario === "direction" ? "Predict the directions of velocity and resultant force, then reveal both arrows." : scenario === "dependencies" ? "Change speed, mass and radius to compare how hard the object must be pulled inward." : mode === "qualitative" ? "Predict the path at the instant the string is released, then test it." : "The string’s tension is the centripetal force F = mv²/r, always toward the centre, bending the path without changing the speed. Cut the string and the ball leaves along the tangent, not outward.");
+	const challengeQuestions = scenario === "direction" ? DIRECTION_PREDICT : scenario === "dependencies" ? DEPENDENCY_PREDICT : RELEASE_PREDICT;
 	const [v, setV] = useState(speed);
 	const [r, setR] = useState(radius);
 	const [m, setM] = useState(mass);
-	const [cut, setCut] = useState(false);
+	const [releaseAtS, setReleaseAtS] = useState(null);
 	const gate = usePlayGate();
-	const ch = useChallenge(PREDICT);
+	const ch = useChallenge(challengeQuestions);
+	const committed = ch.answeredAll;
 	useCheckpoint({
 		solved: ch.allCorrect,
 		activity: "circular-motion-predict"
 	});
-	useRef(0);
-	const omega = v / r;
-	const period = v === 0 ? Infinity : 2 * Math.PI / omega;
-	const F = centripetalForce(m, v, r).value;
-	const sim = useSimulation(whirl, {
-		omega,
-		speed: v,
-		radius: r,
-		cut
-	}, {
-		running: gate.running,
-		reducedMotion: "run",
-		onDone: () => gate.setPlaying(false)
+	const world = createOrbitalReleaseWorld({
+		body: {
+			id: "ball",
+			massKg: m,
+			orbitRadiusM: r,
+			speedMps: v,
+			label: "whirling ball"
+		},
+		pivot: {
+			id: "pivot",
+			label: "fixed hand"
+		},
+		tether: {
+			id: "string",
+			label: "releasable string"
+		}
+	});
+	const clock = useSimulationClock({
+		durationS: 60,
+		active: gate.inView,
+		reducedMotion: "run"
 	});
-	const angle = sim.state.angleRad;
-	const tangent = () => ({
-		x: -Math.sin(angle),
-		y: Math.cos(angle)
+	const sample = sampleOrbitalReleaseWorld(world, {
+		timeS: clock.elapsedS,
+		releaseAtS,
+		escapeRadiusM: 8.5
 	});
+	const cut = releaseAtS !== null;
+	const angle = sample.angleRad;
+	const omega = sample.angularSpeedRadS;
+	const period = sample.periodS;
+	const F = sample.centripetalForceN;
 	const doCut = () => {
-		setCut(true);
+		setReleaseAtS(clock.elapsedS);
 		gate.setPlaying(true);
+		clock.play();
 	};
 	const retie = () => {
-		setCut(false);
-		sim.reset();
+		setReleaseAtS(null);
+		gate.setPlaying(true);
+		clock.replay();
 	};
 	const onParam = (set) => (n) => {
 		set(n);
-		retie();
+		setReleaseAtS(null);
+		gate.setPlaying(false);
+		clock.reset();
 	};
 	const VSCALE = .45;
 	const FSCALE = .1;
-	const p = ballPosition(sim.state, r);
-	const tg = tangent();
+	const p = sample.position;
+	const tg = sample.tangentUnit;
 	const orbitTrail = Array.from({ length: 22 }, (_, index) => {
 		const theta = angle - index / 21 * Math.PI * .72;
 		return {
@@ -108,10 +168,7 @@ function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title = "Whirl & c
 		yMin: -span,
 		yMax: span
 	};
-	const radial = {
-		x: Math.cos(angle),
-		y: Math.sin(angle)
-	};
+	const radial = sample.radialUnit;
 	const forceLength = clamp(F * FSCALE, .85, Math.max(1.1, r * .72));
 	const figure = /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(SceneSurface, {
 		ref: gate.ref,
@@ -120,7 +177,7 @@ function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title = "Whirl & c
 			view,
 			height: 300,
 			preserveAspect: true,
-			ariaLabel: `Ball whirling at ${v} m/s on a ${r} m string, centripetal force ${F.toFixed(0)} newtons${cut ? "; string cut, flying off tangentially" : ""}`,
+			ariaLabel: committed ? `Ball whirling at ${v} metres per second on a ${r} metre string; inward force points to the centre${cut ? "; string released, flying off tangentially" : ""}` : `Ball whirling at ${v} metres per second on a ${r} metre string; predict the vector directions`,
 			children: [
 				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Circle, {
 					center: {
@@ -167,7 +224,7 @@ function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title = "Whirl & c
 					opacity: .5,
 					weight: 1.5
 				}),
-				!cut && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MechanicsVector, {
+				!cut && committed && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MechanicsVector, {
 					tail: p,
 					tip: {
 						x: p.x - radial.x * forceLength,
@@ -176,7 +233,7 @@ function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title = "Whirl & c
 					color: "var(--stage-warn)",
 					active: gate.running
 				}),
-				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MechanicsVector, {
+				committed ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MechanicsVector, {
 					tail: p,
 					tip: {
 						x: p.x + tg.x * v * VSCALE,
@@ -184,15 +241,15 @@ function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title = "Whirl & c
 					},
 					color: "var(--stage-good)",
 					active: gate.running
-				}),
-				cut && sim.state.flight && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Segment, {
+				}) : null,
+				cut && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Segment, {
 					from: {
-						x: sim.state.flight.x - tg.x * 12,
-						y: sim.state.flight.y - tg.y * 12
+						x: p.x - tg.x * 12,
+						y: p.y - tg.y * 12
 					},
 					to: {
-						x: sim.state.flight.x + tg.x * 12,
-						y: sim.state.flight.y + tg.y * 12
+						x: p.x + tg.x * 12,
+						y: p.y + tg.y * 12
 					},
 					color: "var(--stage-good)",
 					opacity: .3,
@@ -219,7 +276,7 @@ function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title = "Whirl & c
 		})
 	});
 	const aside = /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [
-		/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+		mode === "quantitative" ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
 			className: "physics-orbital-ledger",
 			children: [
 				/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
@@ -229,7 +286,7 @@ function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title = "Whirl & c
 				/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("span", { children: "Angular speed · v/r" }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("strong", { children: [omega.toFixed(2), " rad/s"] })] }),
 				/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("span", { children: "Period · 2πr/v" }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("strong", { children: [period.toFixed(2), " s"] })] })
 			]
-		}),
+		}) : null,
 		/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("p", {
 			className: "physics-explain",
 			children: [
@@ -242,12 +299,13 @@ function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title = "Whirl & c
 					className: "physics-vector-force-secondary",
 					children: "Amber: force points to the centre."
 				}),
-				" Cut the string → no inward pull → straight-line tangent flight (Newton’s 1st law). Hammer throw, a car cornering, the spin cycle."
+				" ",
+				scenario === "direction" ? "The inward force changes direction, not speed." : scenario === "dependencies" ? "Compare the controls one at a time while the path stays circular." : "Release the string: no inward pull means straight-line tangent flight."
 			]
 		}),
-		/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LiveRegion, { children: cut ? "String cut, the ball travels in a straight line along the tangent." : `Centripetal force ${F.toFixed(0)} newtons toward the centre.` })
+		/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LiveRegion, { children: cut ? "String cut, the ball travels in a straight line along the tangent." : mode === "qualitative" ? "The resultant force points toward the centre while velocity is tangent." : `Centripetal force ${F.toFixed(0)} newtons toward the centre.` })
 	] });
-	const controls = /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [
+	const controls = !committed || scenario === "direction" ? null : /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [
 		/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Field, {
 			label: "speed v",
 			value: `${v} m/s`,
@@ -272,7 +330,7 @@ function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title = "Whirl & c
 				ariaLabel: "radius (m)"
 			})
 		}),
-		/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Field, {
+		scenario === "dependencies" ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Field, {
 			label: "mass m",
 			value: `${m} kg`,
 			children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Slider, {
@@ -283,58 +341,67 @@ function CircularMotionLab({ speed = 6, radius = 3, mass = 1, title = "Whirl & c
 				onChange: onParam(setM),
 				ariaLabel: "mass (kg)"
 			})
-		})
+		}) : null
 	] });
 	const footer = /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(ChallengeCard, {
-		questions: PREDICT,
+		questions: challengeQuestions,
 		state: ch,
 		title: "Predict first"
 	});
 	const reset = () => {
 		gate.setPlaying(false);
-		retie();
+		setReleaseAtS(null);
+		clock.reset();
 	};
 	const transport = /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(SimulationTransport, {
 		running: gate.playing,
 		onReset: reset,
-		onToggle: () => gate.setPlaying(!gate.playing),
+		onToggle: () => {
+			if (gate.playing) {
+				gate.setPlaying(false);
+				clock.pause();
+			} else {
+				gate.setPlaying(true);
+				clock.play();
+			}
+		},
 		state: cut ? "Free flight" : "Tethered",
 		detail: cut ? "moving along the tangent" : "inward force active",
 		renderAction: (playAction) => /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
 			className: "physics-transport-actions",
-			children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(ActionButton, {
+			children: [scenario === "release" && committed ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(ActionButton, {
 				className: "lab-btn-ghost physics-cut-button",
 				onClick: cut ? retie : doCut,
 				children: cut ? "Re-tie string" : "Release string"
-			}), playAction]
+			}) : null, playAction]
 		}),
 		resetLabel: "Reset circular motion"
 	});
 	return /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MechanicsActivity, {
 		activity,
 		className: "physics-circular-motion",
-		title,
-		prompt,
-		status: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [
-			/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("strong", { children: cut ? "Free tangent flight" : "Centripetal motion" }),
-			/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("span", { children: [
+		title: resolvedTitle,
+		prompt: resolvedPrompt,
+		status: committed ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [
+			/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("strong", { children: cut ? "Free tangent flight" : "Turning inward" }),
+			mode === "quantitative" ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("span", { children: [
 				"F ",
 				F.toFixed(0),
 				" N"
-			] }),
-			/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("span", { children: [
+			] }) : /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("span", { children: "force → centre" }),
+			mode === "quantitative" ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("span", { children: [
 				"ω ",
 				omega.toFixed(2),
 				" rad/s"
-			] })
-		] }),
+			] }) : /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("span", { children: "velocity → tangent" })
+		] }) : /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("strong", { children: "Predict" }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("span", { children: "then reveal the vectors" })] }),
 		figure,
-		instruments: aside,
+		instruments: committed ? aside : null,
 		controls,
-		feedback: cut ? "With the inward force removed, the ball continues along its instantaneous tangent." : "Velocity is tangent while the net force points inward, changing direction but not speed.",
+		feedback: committed ? scenario === "direction" ? "Velocity touches the circle while the resultant force points to the centre." : scenario === "dependencies" ? "More speed or mass needs more inward force; a tighter turn also needs more inward force." : cut ? "With the inward force removed, the ball continues along its instantaneous tangent." : "Velocity is tangent while the net force points inward, changing direction but not speed." : null,
 		objectives,
 		transport,
-		footer,
+		challenge: footer,
 		controlConfig,
 		canvasLabel: "Circular motion and tangent-release experiment"
 	});

package/dist/physics/collision-track/preset.mjs

@@ -4,14 +4,12 @@ import { Segmented, Slider, StatusPill } from "../../kit/controls.mjs";
 import { Field, LiveRegion, MeterBar } from "../../kit/frame.mjs";
 import { AuthoredActivityRuntime, AuthoredMetricGate } from "../../kit/authored-activity-runtime.mjs";
 import { MechanicsVector, SceneSurface, SimulationTransport } from "../mechanics/presentation.mjs";
-import { useReducedMotion } from "../../kit/anim.mjs";
-import { useSimulation } from "../../kit/simulation/use-simulation.mjs";
 import { MechanicsCartGlyph } from "../mechanics/glyphs.mjs";
-import { collisionTrack } from "./model.mjs";
-import { useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { Fragment as Fragment$1, jsx, jsxs } from "react/jsx-runtime";
+import { useSimulationClock } from "../../kit/simulation/clock.mjs";
+import { useState } from "react";
 import { Dot, Label, Segment, Stage } from "@classytic/stage";
-import { collide } from "@classytic/stage/physics";
+import { Fragment as Fragment$1, jsx, jsxs } from "react/jsx-runtime";
+import { createCollisionWorld, sampleCollisionWorld } from "@classytic/stage/physics";
 
 //#region src/physics/collision-track/preset.tsx
 /**
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ const COLLISION_ACTIVITY = {
 			id: "predict",
 			phase: "predict",
 			title: "Call the stunt before action",
-			lead: "Choose what survives before the crash-test carts move.",
+			lead: "Predict before the carts move.",
 			success: "conservation-answer"
 		},
 		{
@@ -80,11 +78,11 @@ const COLLISION_ACTIVITY = {
 	],
 	questions: [{
 		id: "conservation",
-		prompt: "For a perfectly elastic collision in an isolated system, what is conserved?",
+		prompt: "With spring bumpers and no outside force, what stays unchanged?",
 		choices: [
 			{
 				value: "momentum",
-				label: "Momentum only"
+				label: "Only momentum"
 			},
 			{
 				value: "both",
@@ -92,11 +90,11 @@ const COLLISION_ACTIVITY = {
 			},
 			{
 				value: "energy",
-				label: "Kinetic energy only"
+				label: "Only kinetic energy"
 			}
 		],
 		answer: "both",
-		explain: "Total momentum is conserved in every isolated collision; kinetic energy is also conserved when restitution is one."
+		explain: "Momentum always keeps its total. Spring bumpers also return the kinetic energy."
 	}],
 	success: [
 		{
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ const COLLISION_ACTIVITY = {
 		}
 	]
 };
-function CollisionTrackLab({ m1 = 1, m2 = 1, u1 = 4, u2 = -2, elasticity = 1, showCenterOfMass = true, title = "Stunt lab: where does the motion go?", prompt = "Pick a bumper, call the outcome, then roll the crash-test. Momentum keeps its total while kinetic energy may become deformation, heat and sound.", objectives, activity = "collision-track" }) {
+function CollisionTrackLab({ m1 = 1, m2 = 1, u1 = 4, u2 = -2, elasticity = 1, showCenterOfMass = true, title = "What survives a collision?", prompt = "Choose a bumper, predict the result, then run the carts.", objectives, activity = "collision-track" }) {
 	const activityId = typeof activity === "string" ? activity : "collision-track";
 	const authoredActivity = typeof activity === "string" ? COLLISION_ACTIVITY : activity;
 	const [ma, setMa] = useState(m1);
@@ -133,63 +131,70 @@ function CollisionTrackLab({ m1 = 1, m2 = 1, u1 = 4, u2 = -2, elasticity = 1, sh
 	const [ua, setUa] = useState(u1);
 	const [ub, setUb] = useState(u2);
 	const [e, setE] = useState(elasticity);
-	const [running, setRunning] = useState(false);
-	const startedRef = useRef(false);
-	useReducedMotion();
-	const M = ma + mb;
-	const collision = collide({
-		m1: ma,
-		u1: ua,
-		m2: mb,
-		u2: ub,
-		restitution: Math.min(1, Math.max(0, e))
+	const world = createCollisionWorld({
+		first: {
+			id: "cart-a",
+			positionM: -6,
+			velocityMps: ua,
+			massKg: ma,
+			radiusM: CART_W / 2,
+			label: "cart A"
+		},
+		second: {
+			id: "cart-b",
+			positionM: 2,
+			velocityMps: ub,
+			massKg: mb,
+			radiusM: CART_W / 2,
+			label: "cart B"
+		},
+		contact: {
+			id: "bumper",
+			restitution: e,
+			label: "selected bumper"
+		},
+		track: {
+			id: "track",
+			minM: X0,
+			maxM: X1,
+			label: "frictionless track"
+		}
 	});
-	const va = collision.v1;
-	const vb = collision.v2;
-	(ma * ua + mb * ub) / M;
-	const pInit = collision.momentumBefore;
-	const keInit = collision.kineticBefore;
-	const sim = useSimulation(collisionTrack, {
-		ua,
-		ub,
-		va,
-		vb,
-		e
-	}, {
-		running,
-		reducedMotion: "run",
-		onDone: () => setRunning(false)
+	const initial = sampleCollisionWorld(world, 0);
+	const clock = useSimulationClock({
+		durationS: initial.completionTimeS ?? Math.max(2, (initial.collisionTimeS ?? 0) + 2),
+		reducedMotion: "run"
 	});
-	const xa = sim.state.xa;
-	const xb = sim.state.xb;
-	const collided = sim.state.phase === "after";
-	const stopped = sim.state.settled;
+	const sample = sampleCollisionWorld(world, clock.elapsedS);
+	const running = clock.running;
+	const xa = sample.first.positionM;
+	const xb = sample.second.positionM;
+	const collided = sample.phase === "after";
+	const stopped = sample.complete;
 	const after = collided;
-	const v1 = after ? va : ua, v2 = after ? vb : ub;
-	const pNow = ma * v1 + mb * v2;
-	const keNow = .5 * ma * v1 * v1 + .5 * mb * v2 * v2;
+	const v1 = sample.first.velocityMps;
+	const v2 = sample.second.velocityMps;
+	const pInit = initial.momentumBefore;
+	const keInit = initial.kineticBeforeJ;
+	const pNow = after ? sample.momentumAfter : sample.momentumBefore;
+	const keNow = after ? sample.kineticAfterJ : sample.kineticBeforeJ;
 	const keFrac = keInit > 1e-9 ? keNow / keInit : 1;
 	const reset = () => {
-		sim.reset();
-		setRunning(false);
+		clock.reset();
 	};
 	const launch = () => {
-		sim.reset();
-		startedRef.current = true;
-		setRunning(true);
+		clock.replay();
 	};
 	const onParam = (set) => (n) => {
 		set(n);
-		setRunning(false);
-		reset();
+		clock.reset();
 	};
 	const collisionPreset = e >= .98 ? "elastic" : e <= .02 ? "sticky" : "inelastic";
 	const chooseCollisionPreset = (preset) => {
 		setE(preset === "elastic" ? 1 : preset === "sticky" ? 0 : .5);
-		setRunning(false);
-		reset();
+		clock.reset();
 	};
-	const xcom = (ma * xa + mb * xb) / M;
+	const xcom = sample.centreOfMassPositionM;
 	const view = {
 		xMin: X0,
 		xMax: X1,
@@ -231,22 +236,6 @@ function CollisionTrackLab({ m1 = 1, m2 = 1, u1 = 4, u2 = -2, elasticity = 1, sh
 			preserveAspect: false,
 			ariaLabel: `Two carts colliding, elasticity ${e.toFixed(2)}`,
 			children: [
-				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Label, {
-					x: -8.65,
-					y: 3.9,
-					text: "STUNT TAKE",
-					color: "var(--stage-muted)",
-					size: 11,
-					anchor: "start"
-				}),
-				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Label, {
-					x: 8.65,
-					y: 3.9,
-					text: "IMPACT LAB",
-					color: "var(--stage-muted)",
-					size: 11,
-					anchor: "end"
-				}),
 				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Segment, {
 					from: {
 						x: X0,
@@ -339,9 +328,9 @@ function CollisionTrackLab({ m1 = 1, m2 = 1, u1 = 4, u2 = -2, elasticity = 1, sh
 			label: "kinetic energy",
 			frac: keFrac,
 			color: keFrac > .99 ? "var(--stage-good)" : "var(--stage-warn)",
-			value: `${keNow.toFixed(1)} J${after && keFrac < .99 ? ` · ${Math.round((1 - keFrac) * 100)}% → heat 🔥` : ""}`
+			value: `${keNow.toFixed(1)} J${after && keFrac < .99 ? ` · ${Math.round((1 - keFrac) * 100)}% transferred` : ""}`
 		}),
-		/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LiveRegion, { children: `Elasticity ${e.toFixed(2)}. Momentum ${pNow.toFixed(1)} conserved; kinetic energy ${after ? `${Math.round(keFrac * 100)} percent remaining` : "full before impact"}.` })
+		/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LiveRegion, { children: `Elasticity ${e.toFixed(2)}. ${after ? `The bumper gave each cart an equal and opposite impulse of ${sample.impulseMagnitudeNs.toFixed(1)} newton seconds. Momentum ${pNow.toFixed(1)} is conserved; ${Math.round(keFrac * 100)} percent of the kinetic energy remains.` : "The carts are approaching. Run the impact to measure impulse and energy transfer."}` })
 	] });
 	const controls = /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [
 		/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(StatusPill, {
@@ -444,10 +433,9 @@ function CollisionTrackLab({ m1 = 1, m2 = 1, u1 = 4, u2 = -2, elasticity = 1, sh
 		/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(SimulationTransport, {
 			running,
 			onReset: () => {
-				setRunning(false);
 				reset();
 			},
-			onToggle: running ? () => setRunning(false) : launch,
+			onToggle: running ? clock.pause : launch,
 			state: running ? "Approaching" : collided ? "Collision complete" : "Ready",
 			detail: `elasticity ${e.toFixed(2)}`,
 			startLabel: collided ? "Replay take" : "Roll cameras",
@@ -465,10 +453,10 @@ function CollisionTrackLab({ m1 = 1, m2 = 1, u1 = 4, u2 = -2, elasticity = 1, sh
 		eyebrow: "Mechanics",
 		title,
 		description: prompt,
-		status: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("span", { children: running ? collided ? "After impact" : "Approaching" : stopped ? "Complete" : collided ? "Impact observed" : "Ready" }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("span", { children: ["e ", e.toFixed(2)] })] }),
+		status: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("span", { children: running ? collided ? "After impact" : "Approaching" : stopped ? "Complete" : collided ? "Impact observed" : "Ready" }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("span", { children: collisionPreset === "elastic" ? "spring bumper" : collisionPreset === "sticky" ? "docking coupler" : "foam bumper" })] }),
 		evidence: aside,
-		controls,
-		observation: after && keFrac < .99 ? `Momentum remains constant while ${Math.round((1 - keFrac) * 100)}% of kinetic energy becomes heat and deformation.` : "The centre of mass continues uniformly; at e = 1 both momentum and kinetic energy survive the impact.",
+		controls: ({ sequence }) => sequence.current.phase === "predict" ? null : controls,
+		observation: !after ? "Run the carts. The centre-of-mass marker predicts where the system continues through impact." : keFrac < .99 ? `Momentum remains constant while ${Math.round((1 - keFrac) * 100)}% of kinetic energy becomes heat and deformation.` : "The centre of mass continues uniformly; with a spring bumper, both momentum and kinetic energy survive the impact.",
 		transcript: /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("p", { children: `Cart A moves at ${v1.toFixed(1)} metres per second and cart B at ${v2.toFixed(1)}. Total momentum is ${pNow.toFixed(1)} kilogram metres per second; ${Math.round(keFrac * 100)} percent of initial kinetic energy remains.` }),
 		children: ({ complete }) => /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [
 			/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(AuthoredMetricGate, {

package/dist/physics/constants.mjs

@@ -107,9 +107,9 @@ const PARSEC = ASTRONOMICAL_UNIT * 180 * 3600 / Math.PI;
 /** One light year, m. */
 const LIGHT_YEAR = SPEED_OF_LIGHT * 365.25 * 24 * 3600;
 /** Solar luminosity, W. The standard yardstick for stating another star's output. */
-const SOLAR_LUMINOSITY = 3828e23;
+const SOLAR_LUMINOSITY$1 = 3828e23;
 /** Solar radius, m. */
-const SOLAR_RADIUS = 6957e5;
+const SOLAR_RADIUS$1 = 6957e5;
 /** Solar mass, kg. */
 const SOLAR_MASS = 198847e25;
 /**
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ const HUBBLE_KM_S_MPC = 70;
 /** Hubble constant in SI, per second. */
 const HUBBLE_SI = 70 * 1e3 / (1e6 * PARSEC);
 /** Rest wavelength of the hydrogen-alpha line, nm. The reference for a schoolroom redshift. */
-const H_ALPHA_NM = 656.281;
+const H_ALPHA_NM$1 = 656.281;
 
 //#endregion
-export { ASTRONOMICAL_UNIT, ATOMIC_MASS_UNIT, AVOGADRO$1 as AVOGADRO, BOLTZMANN$1 as BOLTZMANN, COULOMB, ELECTRONVOLT, ELECTRON_MASS, ELECTRON_REST_ENERGY_MEV, ELEMENTARY_CHARGE$1 as ELEMENTARY_CHARGE, GRAVITATIONAL, G_EARTH, HC_EV_NM, HUBBLE_KM_S_MPC, HUBBLE_SI, H_ALPHA_NM, LIGHT_YEAR, MOLAR_GAS, NEUTRON_MASS, PARSEC, PLANCK, PLANCK_REDUCED, PROTON_MASS, SOLAR_LUMINOSITY, SOLAR_MASS, SOLAR_RADIUS, SPEED_OF_LIGHT, SPEED_OF_LIGHT_KM_S, STEFAN_BOLTZMANN$1 as STEFAN_BOLTZMANN, U_TO_MEV, VACUUM_PERMEABILITY, VACUUM_PERMITTIVITY, WIEN_DISPLACEMENT$1 as WIEN_DISPLACEMENT };
+export { ASTRONOMICAL_UNIT, ATOMIC_MASS_UNIT, AVOGADRO$1 as AVOGADRO, BOLTZMANN$1 as BOLTZMANN, COULOMB, ELECTRONVOLT, ELECTRON_MASS, ELECTRON_REST_ENERGY_MEV, ELEMENTARY_CHARGE$1 as ELEMENTARY_CHARGE, GRAVITATIONAL, G_EARTH, HC_EV_NM, HUBBLE_KM_S_MPC, HUBBLE_SI, H_ALPHA_NM$1 as H_ALPHA_NM, LIGHT_YEAR, MOLAR_GAS, NEUTRON_MASS, PARSEC, PLANCK, PLANCK_REDUCED, PROTON_MASS, SOLAR_LUMINOSITY$1 as SOLAR_LUMINOSITY, SOLAR_MASS, SOLAR_RADIUS$1 as SOLAR_RADIUS, SPEED_OF_LIGHT, SPEED_OF_LIGHT_KM_S, STEFAN_BOLTZMANN$1 as STEFAN_BOLTZMANN, U_TO_MEV, VACUUM_PERMEABILITY, VACUUM_PERMITTIVITY, WIEN_DISPLACEMENT$1 as WIEN_DISPLACEMENT };