@classytic/labs 0.1.0 → 0.2.0

package/dist/circuits/cmos-gate/preset.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,1491 @@
+'use client';
+
+import { Chip, Slider } from "../../kit/controls.mjs";
+import { Callout, ControlBar, Field, LabFrame } from "../../kit/frame.mjs";
+import { ChallengeCard, useChallenge, useCheckpoint } from "../../kit/pedagogy.mjs";
+import { FlowDots, MosfetGlyph, ResistorGlyph, Tag, Wire } from "../../kit/electronics.mjs";
+import { useReducedMotion } from "../../kit/anim.mjs";
+import { LabAsk } from "../../kit/ask.mjs";
+import { CoordPlane } from "../../kit/coords.mjs";
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { Fragment as Fragment$1, jsx, jsxs } from "react/jsx-runtime";
+import { Dot, Label, Polyline, useFrameLoop } from "@classytic/stage";
+import { solveDC } from "@classytic/stage/circuit";
+
+//#region src/circuits/cmos-gate/preset.tsx
+/**
+* CmosInverterLab — the moment a pair of transistors BECOMES a logic gate. A PMOS
+* pull-up (to VDD) and an NMOS pull-down (to GND) share one input A and one output
+* Y. Drag the input: when A is LOW the PMOS conducts and pulls Y HIGH; when A is
+* HIGH the NMOS conducts and pulls Y LOW. The output is the inverse of the input —
+* a NOT gate — and the output voltage is SOLVED by the circuit engine (so the
+* transfer curve shows the real, sharp analog-to-digital transition near VDD/2).
+* Exactly one network conducts at the rails, which is why CMOS draws ~no static
+* power. This is the bridge from the silicon to the truth table.
+*/
+const C_HI = "var(--stage-good)";
+const C_LO = "var(--stage-danger)";
+const K = .5;
+const PREDICT_Q = [{
+	id: "invert-high",
+	prompt: "This is a CMOS inverter (NOT gate). What is the output Y when the input A is HIGH (1)?",
+	choices: [{
+		value: "0",
+		label: "Y = 0 (LOW)"
+	}, {
+		value: "1",
+		label: "Y = 1 (HIGH)"
+	}],
+	answer: "0",
+	explain: "A HIGH input turns the NMOS pull-down ON and the PMOS pull-up OFF, so Y is pulled to GND: Y = 0. The output is the inverse of the input."
+}];
+const W = 460, H = 250;
+const STK = 300;
+const PCX = STK - 9, NCX = STK - 9;
+const PCY = 82, NCY = 166, MHALF = 36;
+const VDD_Y = 30, GND_Y = 220, Y_Y = (284 - MHALF) / 2;
+const GATE_X = PCX - 13 - 24;
+function CmosInverterLab({ vdd = 5, vth = 2, show = "both", title = "CMOS inverter: two transistors become a NOT gate", prompt = "Drag the input A. Low input: the top (PMOS) opens and pulls the output HIGH; high input: the bottom (NMOS) opens and pulls it LOW. The output is the inverse, a NOT gate.", ask, activity = "cmos-inverter" } = {}) {
+	const [A, setA] = useState(0);
+	const [phase, setPhase] = useState(0);
+	const reduce = useReducedMotion();
+	const ch = useChallenge(PREDICT_Q);
+	useCheckpoint({
+		solved: ch.allCorrect,
+		activity: "cmos-gate:predict"
+	});
+	const mk = (a) => [
+		{
+			kind: "V",
+			n1: 1,
+			n2: 0,
+			value: vdd
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "V",
+			n1: 3,
+			n2: 0,
+			value: a
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "M",
+			pmos: true,
+			n1: 2,
+			n2: 1,
+			n3: 3,
+			value: 0,
+			vth,
+			k: K
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "M",
+			n1: 2,
+			n2: 0,
+			n3: 3,
+			value: 0,
+			vth,
+			k: K
+		}
+	];
+	const Y = solveDC(mk(A)).nodeV[2] ?? 0;
+	const pmosOn = vdd - A > vth;
+	const nmosOn = A > vth;
+	const aHi = A > vdd / 2, yHi = Y > vdd / 2;
+	useFrameLoop((f) => setPhase((p) => (p + f.dtMs / 1e3 * .4) % 1), { running: (pmosOn || nmosOn) && !reduce });
+	const pTop = [STK, PCY - MHALF], pBot = [STK, 118];
+	const nTop = [STK, NCY - MHALF], nBot = [STK, 202];
+	const vddRail = [[200, VDD_Y], [360, VDD_Y]];
+	const scene = /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("div", {
+		style: {
+			borderRadius: 14,
+			overflow: "hidden",
+			background: "var(--stage-bg)",
+			border: "1px solid var(--stage-grid)"
+		},
+		children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("svg", {
+			viewBox: `0 0 ${W} ${H}`,
+			width: "100%",
+			role: "img",
+			"aria-label": `CMOS inverter, input ${aHi ? "high" : "low"}, output ${yHi ? "high" : "low"}`,
+			children: [
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: vddRail,
+					live: pmosOn
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[200, GND_Y], [360, GND_Y]],
+					live: nmosOn
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[STK, VDD_Y], pTop],
+					live: pmosOn
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [nBot, [STK, GND_Y]],
+					live: nmosOn
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [
+						pBot,
+						[STK, Y_Y],
+						[430, Y_Y]
+					],
+					live: true
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, { points: [
+					[GATE_X, PCY],
+					[220, PCY],
+					[220, NCY],
+					[GATE_X, NCY]
+				] }),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, { points: [[110, Y_Y], [220, Y_Y]] }),
+				pmosOn && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(FlowDots, {
+					points: [
+						...vddRail.slice(1),
+						pTop,
+						pBot,
+						[STK, Y_Y]
+					],
+					phase
+				}),
+				nmosOn && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(FlowDots, {
+					points: [
+						[STK, Y_Y],
+						nTop,
+						nBot,
+						[STK, GND_Y]
+					],
+					phase
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MosfetGlyph, {
+					cx: PCX,
+					cy: PCY,
+					half: MHALF,
+					pmos: true,
+					on: pmosOn,
+					live: pmosOn,
+					label: "PMOS"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MosfetGlyph, {
+					cx: NCX,
+					cy: NCY,
+					half: MHALF,
+					on: nmosOn,
+					live: nmosOn,
+					label: "NMOS"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 365,
+					y: 34,
+					text: `VDD ${vdd}V`,
+					color: "var(--stage-fg)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 365,
+					y: 224,
+					text: "GND",
+					color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 104,
+					y: Y_Y - 8,
+					text: "A",
+					color: "var(--stage-fg)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "end"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 104,
+					y: 134,
+					text: aHi ? "1" : "0",
+					color: aHi ? C_HI : C_LO,
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "end"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("circle", {
+					cx: 434,
+					cy: Y_Y,
+					r: 4,
+					fill: yHi ? C_HI : C_LO
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 442,
+					y: Y_Y - 8,
+					text: "Y",
+					color: "var(--stage-fg)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 442,
+					y: 134,
+					text: yHi ? "1" : "0",
+					color: yHi ? C_HI : C_LO,
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				})
+			]
+		})
+	});
+	const pts = [];
+	for (let a = 0; a <= vdd + 1e-6; a += vdd / 60) pts.push({
+		x: a,
+		y: solveDC(mk(a)).nodeV[2] ?? 0
+	});
+	const graph = /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(CoordPlane, {
+		view: {
+			xMin: 0,
+			xMax: vdd,
+			yMin: 0,
+			yMax: vdd
+		},
+		height: 150,
+		preserveAspect: false,
+		step: 1,
+		ariaLabel: "CMOS transfer curve",
+		children: [
+			/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Polyline, {
+				points: pts,
+				color: "var(--stage-accent)",
+				weight: 2.5
+			}),
+			/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Dot, {
+				x: A,
+				y: Math.max(0, Math.min(vdd, Y)),
+				r: 5,
+				color: yHi ? C_HI : C_LO
+			}),
+			/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Label, {
+				x: vdd,
+				y: vdd * .96,
+				text: "output Y (V) vs input A (V)",
+				color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+				size: 10,
+				anchor: "end"
+			})
+		]
+	});
+	const figure = show === "circuit" ? scene : show === "graph" ? graph : /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+		style: {
+			display: "flex",
+			flexDirection: "column",
+			gap: 10
+		},
+		children: [scene, graph]
+	});
+	return /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LabFrame, {
+		title,
+		prompt,
+		controls: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(ControlBar, { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Field, {
+			label: "input A",
+			value: `${A.toFixed(1)} V`,
+			children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Slider, {
+				value: A,
+				min: 0,
+				max: vdd,
+				step: .1,
+				onChange: setA,
+				ariaLabel: "input voltage"
+			})
+		}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Field, {
+			label: "quick set",
+			children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("span", {
+				className: "lab-field-row",
+				children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: A === 0,
+					onClick: () => setA(0),
+					children: "A = 0"
+				}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: A === vdd,
+					onClick: () => setA(vdd),
+					children: "A = 1"
+				})]
+			})
+		})] }),
+		aside: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+			style: {
+				display: "flex",
+				flexDirection: "column",
+				gap: 10
+			},
+			children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("div", {
+				className: "lab-pill",
+				"data-state": pmosOn !== nmosOn ? "ok" : "no",
+				role: "status",
+				style: { alignSelf: "flex-start" },
+				children: pmosOn && !nmosOn ? "✓ PMOS conducts, output pulled HIGH" : nmosOn && !pmosOn ? "✓ NMOS conducts, output pulled LOW" : "both partly on (the transition)"
+			}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Callout, {
+				tone: "result",
+				children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("table", {
+					style: {
+						fontSize: 13,
+						fontVariantNumeric: "tabular-nums",
+						borderCollapse: "collapse"
+					},
+					children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("thead", { children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tr", { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("th", {
+						style: {
+							textAlign: "left",
+							paddingRight: 18
+						},
+						children: "A"
+					}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("th", {
+						style: { textAlign: "left" },
+						children: "Y = A′"
+					})] }) }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tbody", { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tr", {
+						style: { fontWeight: aHi ? 400 : 700 },
+						children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: "0" }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: "1" })]
+					}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tr", {
+						style: { fontWeight: aHi ? 700 : 400 },
+						children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: "1" }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: "0" })]
+					})] })]
+				}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+					style: {
+						marginTop: 6,
+						color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+						fontSize: 12
+					},
+					children: [
+						"output = ",
+						Y.toFixed(2),
+						" V (",
+						yHi ? "logic 1" : "logic 0",
+						")"
+					]
+				})]
+			})]
+		}),
+		footer: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(ChallengeCard, {
+			questions: PREDICT_Q,
+			state: ch,
+			title: "Predict first"
+		}), ask ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LabAsk, {
+			ask,
+			activity
+		}) : null] }),
+		children: figure
+	});
+}
+const RN_W = 460, RN_H = 250;
+function RNmosNotLab({ vdd = 5, vth = 2, rpull = 2e3, title = "A NOT gate from ONE transistor", prompt = "Flip the input. HIGH turns the transistor on and pulls the output LOW; LOW leaves it off, so the resistor pulls the output HIGH. One transistor inverts — that is a NOT gate.", ask, activity = "rnmos-not" } = {}) {
+	const [A, setA] = useState(0);
+	const [phase, setPhase] = useState(0);
+	const reduce = useReducedMotion();
+	const ch = useChallenge(RN_PREDICT_Q);
+	useCheckpoint({
+		solved: ch.allCorrect,
+		activity: "rnmos-not:predict"
+	});
+	const mk = (a) => [
+		{
+			kind: "V",
+			n1: 1,
+			n2: 0,
+			value: vdd
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "V",
+			n1: 3,
+			n2: 0,
+			value: a
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "R",
+			n1: 1,
+			n2: 2,
+			value: rpull
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "M",
+			n1: 2,
+			n2: 0,
+			n3: 3,
+			value: 0,
+			vth,
+			k: K
+		}
+	];
+	const Va = A ? vdd : 0;
+	const Y = solveDC(mk(Va)).nodeV[2] ?? 0;
+	const nmosOn = Va > vth;
+	const yHi = Y > vdd / 2;
+	const Iload = (vdd - Y) / rpull;
+	const Pres = Math.max(0, Iload * (vdd - Y));
+	useFrameLoop((f) => setPhase((p) => (p + f.dtMs / 1e3 * .4) % 1), { running: nmosOn && !reduce });
+	const SX = 250, VDD_Y = 30, GND_Y = 220, Y_Y = 125;
+	const RCY = 72, NCY = 168, NHALF = 32;
+	const scene = /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("div", {
+		style: {
+			borderRadius: 12,
+			overflow: "hidden",
+			background: "var(--stage-bg)",
+			border: "1px solid var(--stage-grid)",
+			maxWidth: RN_W,
+			margin: "0 auto"
+		},
+		children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("svg", {
+			viewBox: `0 0 ${RN_W} ${RN_H}`,
+			width: "100%",
+			role: "img",
+			"aria-label": `resistor-NMOS NOT gate, input ${A ? "high" : "low"}, output ${yHi ? "high" : "low"}`,
+			children: [
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[170, VDD_Y], [330, VDD_Y]],
+					live: nmosOn
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[170, GND_Y], [330, GND_Y]],
+					live: nmosOn
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[SX, VDD_Y], [SX, RCY - 30]],
+					live: nmosOn
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[SX, 102], [SX, Y_Y]],
+					live: nmosOn
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[SX, Y_Y], [SX, NCY - NHALF]],
+					live: nmosOn
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[SX, 200], [SX, GND_Y]],
+					live: nmosOn
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[SX, Y_Y], [392, Y_Y]],
+					live: yHi
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, { points: [[96, NCY], [SX - 37, NCY]] }),
+				nmosOn && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(FlowDots, {
+					points: [
+						[SX, VDD_Y],
+						[SX, RCY],
+						[SX, Y_Y],
+						[SX, NCY],
+						[SX, GND_Y]
+					],
+					phase
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("g", {
+					transform: `rotate(90 ${SX} ${RCY})`,
+					children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(ResistorGlyph, {
+						cx: SX,
+						cy: RCY,
+						half: 30,
+						live: nmosOn
+					})
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MosfetGlyph, {
+					cx: SX,
+					cy: NCY,
+					half: NHALF,
+					on: nmosOn,
+					live: nmosOn,
+					label: "NMOS"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 335,
+					y: 34,
+					text: `VDD ${vdd}V`,
+					color: "var(--stage-fg)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 335,
+					y: 224,
+					text: "GND",
+					color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 90,
+					y: NCY - 8,
+					text: "A (in)",
+					color: "var(--stage-fg)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "end"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 90,
+					y: 179,
+					text: A ? "1" : "0",
+					color: A ? C_HI : C_LO,
+					size: 13,
+					weight: 800,
+					anchor: "end"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("circle", {
+					cx: 396,
+					cy: Y_Y,
+					r: 4.5,
+					fill: yHi ? C_HI : C_LO
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 404,
+					y: Y_Y - 8,
+					text: "Y (out)",
+					color: "var(--stage-fg)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 404,
+					y: 136,
+					text: yHi ? "1" : "0",
+					color: yHi ? C_HI : C_LO,
+					size: 13,
+					weight: 800,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 272,
+					y: 76,
+					text: `${(rpull / 1e3).toFixed(rpull % 1e3 ? 1 : 0)}kΩ`,
+					color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+					size: 11,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				})
+			]
+		})
+	});
+	return /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LabFrame, {
+		title,
+		prompt,
+		controls: /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(ControlBar, { children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Field, {
+			label: "input A",
+			children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("span", {
+				className: "lab-field-row",
+				children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: A === 0,
+					onClick: () => setA(0),
+					children: "A = 0"
+				}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: A === 1,
+					onClick: () => setA(1),
+					children: "A = 1"
+				})]
+			})
+		}) }),
+		aside: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+			style: {
+				display: "flex",
+				flexDirection: "column",
+				gap: 10
+			},
+			children: [
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("div", {
+					className: "lab-pill",
+					"data-state": yHi !== !!A ? "ok" : "no",
+					role: "status",
+					style: { alignSelf: "flex-start" },
+					children: A ? "transistor ON → output pulled LOW" : "transistor OFF → resistor pulls output HIGH"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Callout, {
+					tone: "result",
+					children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("table", {
+						style: {
+							fontSize: 13,
+							fontVariantNumeric: "tabular-nums",
+							borderCollapse: "collapse"
+						},
+						children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("thead", { children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tr", { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("th", {
+							style: {
+								textAlign: "left",
+								paddingRight: 18
+							},
+							children: "A"
+						}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("th", {
+							style: { textAlign: "left" },
+							children: "Y = A′"
+						})] }) }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tbody", { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tr", {
+							style: { fontWeight: A ? 400 : 700 },
+							children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: "0" }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: "1" })]
+						}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tr", {
+							style: { fontWeight: A ? 700 : 400 },
+							children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: "1" }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: "0" })]
+						})] })]
+					}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+						style: {
+							marginTop: 6,
+							color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+							fontSize: 12
+						},
+						children: [
+							"output = ",
+							Y.toFixed(2),
+							" V (",
+							yHi ? "logic 1" : "logic 0",
+							")"
+						]
+					})]
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Callout, {
+					tone: "info",
+					children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+						style: {
+							fontSize: 12.5,
+							lineHeight: 1.5
+						},
+						children: [
+							/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("strong", { children: "The catch:" }),
+							" while the output is LOW, ",
+							Pres > 1e-4 ? `${(Pres * 1e3).toFixed(1)} mW` : "~0 mW",
+							" of steady current wastes power in the resistor. CMOS replaces the resistor with a second transistor so only one path ever conducts — that is why chips use CMOS."
+						]
+					})
+				})
+			]
+		}),
+		footer: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(ChallengeCard, {
+			questions: RN_PREDICT_Q,
+			state: ch,
+			title: "Predict first"
+		}), ask ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LabAsk, {
+			ask,
+			activity
+		}) : null] }),
+		children: scene
+	});
+}
+const RN_PREDICT_Q = [{
+	id: "rnmos-high",
+	prompt: "Input A is HIGH (1). The NMOS turns on and connects the output to ground. What is the output Y?",
+	choices: [{
+		value: "0",
+		label: "Y = 0 (LOW)"
+	}, {
+		value: "1",
+		label: "Y = 1 (HIGH)"
+	}],
+	answer: "0",
+	explain: "A HIGH input turns the transistor ON, so it pulls Y down to ground: Y = 0. One transistor + a pull-up resistor inverts the input — a NOT gate."
+}];
+const NAND_W = 480, NAND_H = 300;
+function CmosNandLab({ vdd = 5, vth = 2, title = "NAND from four transistors: the universal gate", prompt = "Toggle A and B. The top PMOS pair pulls the output HIGH unless BOTH inputs are HIGH; only then does the bottom NMOS pair connect it to ground. That is a NAND, and a NAND can build every other gate.", ask, activity = "cmos-nand" } = {}) {
+	const [A, setA] = useState(0);
+	const [B, setB] = useState(0);
+	const [phase, setPhase] = useState(0);
+	const reduce = useReducedMotion();
+	const ch = useChallenge(NAND_PREDICT_Q);
+	useCheckpoint({
+		solved: ch.allCorrect,
+		activity: "cmos-nand:predict"
+	});
+	const mk = (a, b) => [
+		{
+			kind: "V",
+			n1: 1,
+			n2: 0,
+			value: vdd
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "V",
+			n1: 3,
+			n2: 0,
+			value: a
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "V",
+			n1: 4,
+			n2: 0,
+			value: b
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "M",
+			pmos: true,
+			n1: 2,
+			n2: 1,
+			n3: 3,
+			value: 0,
+			vth,
+			k: K
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "M",
+			pmos: true,
+			n1: 2,
+			n2: 1,
+			n3: 4,
+			value: 0,
+			vth,
+			k: K
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "M",
+			n1: 2,
+			n2: 5,
+			n3: 3,
+			value: 0,
+			vth,
+			k: K
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "M",
+			n1: 5,
+			n2: 0,
+			n3: 4,
+			value: 0,
+			vth,
+			k: K
+		}
+	];
+	const Va = A ? vdd : 0, Vb = B ? vdd : 0;
+	const Y = solveDC(mk(Va, Vb)).nodeV[2] ?? 0;
+	const pA = vdd - Va > vth, pB = vdd - Vb > vth;
+	const nA = Va > vth, nB = Vb > vth;
+	const pullDown = nA && nB;
+	const yHi = Y > vdd / 2;
+	useFrameLoop((f) => setPhase((p) => (p + f.dtMs / 1e3 * .4) % 1), { running: (pA || pB || pullDown) && !reduce });
+	const VDD_Y = 30, GND_Y = 290, Y_Y = 145;
+	const PAt = 180, PBt = 300, Nt = 240, OUTx = 440;
+	const wire = (a, b) => [a, b];
+	const scene = /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("div", {
+		style: {
+			borderRadius: 12,
+			overflow: "hidden",
+			background: "var(--stage-bg)",
+			border: "1px solid var(--stage-grid)",
+			maxWidth: NAND_W,
+			margin: "0 auto"
+		},
+		children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("svg", {
+			viewBox: `0 0 ${NAND_W} ${NAND_H}`,
+			width: "100%",
+			role: "img",
+			"aria-label": `CMOS NAND, A ${A}, B ${B}, output ${yHi ? "high" : "low"}`,
+			children: [
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[120, VDD_Y], [360, VDD_Y]],
+					live: pA || pB
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[120, GND_Y], [360, GND_Y]],
+					live: pullDown
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([PAt, VDD_Y], [PAt, 55]),
+					live: pA
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([PAt, 115], [PAt, Y_Y]),
+					live: pA
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([PBt, VDD_Y], [PBt, 55]),
+					live: pB
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([PBt, 115], [PBt, Y_Y]),
+					live: pB
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[PAt, Y_Y], [OUTx, Y_Y]],
+					live: yHi
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([Nt, Y_Y], [Nt, 160]),
+					live: pullDown
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([Nt, 280], [Nt, GND_Y]),
+					live: pullDown
+				}),
+				pA && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(FlowDots, {
+					points: [[PAt, VDD_Y], [PAt, Y_Y]],
+					phase
+				}),
+				pB && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(FlowDots, {
+					points: [[PBt, VDD_Y], [PBt, Y_Y]],
+					phase
+				}),
+				pullDown && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(FlowDots, {
+					points: [[Nt, Y_Y], [Nt, GND_Y]],
+					phase
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MosfetGlyph, {
+					cx: PAt - 9,
+					cy: 85,
+					half: 30,
+					pmos: true,
+					on: pA,
+					live: pA,
+					label: "A"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MosfetGlyph, {
+					cx: PBt - 9,
+					cy: 85,
+					half: 30,
+					pmos: true,
+					on: pB,
+					live: pB,
+					label: "B"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MosfetGlyph, {
+					cx: Nt - 9,
+					cy: 190,
+					half: 30,
+					on: nA,
+					live: pullDown,
+					label: "A"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MosfetGlyph, {
+					cx: Nt - 9,
+					cy: 250,
+					half: 30,
+					on: nB,
+					live: pullDown,
+					label: "B"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 364,
+					y: 34,
+					text: `VDD ${vdd}V`,
+					color: "var(--stage-fg)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 364,
+					y: 294,
+					text: "GND",
+					color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 92,
+					y: 66,
+					text: "PMOS pull-up",
+					color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+					size: 11,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 92,
+					y: 222,
+					text: "NMOS pull-down",
+					color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+					size: 11,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("circle", {
+					cx: 444,
+					cy: Y_Y,
+					r: 4.5,
+					fill: yHi ? C_HI : C_LO
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 452,
+					y: Y_Y - 8,
+					text: "Y",
+					color: "var(--stage-fg)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 452,
+					y: 156,
+					text: yHi ? "1" : "0",
+					color: yHi ? C_HI : C_LO,
+					size: 13,
+					weight: 800,
+					anchor: "start"
+				})
+			]
+		})
+	});
+	return /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LabFrame, {
+		title,
+		prompt,
+		controls: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(ControlBar, { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Field, {
+			label: "input A",
+			children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("span", {
+				className: "lab-field-row",
+				children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: A === 0,
+					onClick: () => setA(0),
+					children: "0"
+				}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: A === 1,
+					onClick: () => setA(1),
+					children: "1"
+				})]
+			})
+		}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Field, {
+			label: "input B",
+			children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("span", {
+				className: "lab-field-row",
+				children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: B === 0,
+					onClick: () => setB(0),
+					children: "0"
+				}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: B === 1,
+					onClick: () => setB(1),
+					children: "1"
+				})]
+			})
+		})] }),
+		aside: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+			style: {
+				display: "flex",
+				flexDirection: "column",
+				gap: 10
+			},
+			children: [
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("div", {
+					className: "lab-pill",
+					"data-state": (pA || pB) !== pullDown ? "ok" : "no",
+					role: "status",
+					style: { alignSelf: "flex-start" },
+					children: pullDown ? "✓ both inputs HIGH → NMOS pair pulls Y LOW" : "✓ a PMOS conducts → Y pulled HIGH"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Callout, {
+					tone: "result",
+					children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("table", {
+						style: {
+							fontSize: 13,
+							fontVariantNumeric: "tabular-nums",
+							borderCollapse: "collapse"
+						},
+						children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("thead", { children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tr", { children: [
+							/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("th", {
+								style: {
+									textAlign: "left",
+									paddingRight: 14
+								},
+								children: "A"
+							}),
+							/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("th", {
+								style: {
+									textAlign: "left",
+									paddingRight: 14
+								},
+								children: "B"
+							}),
+							/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("th", {
+								style: { textAlign: "left" },
+								children: "Y"
+							})
+						] }) }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("tbody", { children: [
+							[
+								0,
+								0,
+								1
+							],
+							[
+								0,
+								1,
+								1
+							],
+							[
+								1,
+								0,
+								1
+							],
+							[
+								1,
+								1,
+								0
+							]
+						].map(([a, b, y]) => /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tr", {
+							style: {
+								fontWeight: a === A && b === B ? 800 : 400,
+								background: a === A && b === B ? "color-mix(in oklab, var(--stage-accent) 12%, transparent)" : void 0
+							},
+							children: [
+								/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: a }),
+								/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: b }),
+								/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", {
+									style: { color: y ? "var(--stage-good)" : "var(--stage-fg)" },
+									children: y
+								})
+							]
+						}, `${a}${b}`)) })]
+					}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+						style: {
+							marginTop: 6,
+							color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+							fontSize: 12
+						},
+						children: [
+							"output = ",
+							Y.toFixed(2),
+							" V (",
+							yHi ? "logic 1" : "logic 0",
+							"), so Y = (A·B)′"
+						]
+					})]
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Callout, {
+					tone: "info",
+					children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+						style: {
+							fontSize: 12.5,
+							lineHeight: 1.5
+						},
+						children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("strong", { children: "NAND is universal." }), " Tie both inputs together → a NOT. A NAND then a NOT → AND. By De Morgan, NANDs make OR too. So these four transistors are the one building block every gate, and an entire CPU, is made from."]
+					})
+				})
+			]
+		}),
+		footer: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(ChallengeCard, {
+			questions: NAND_PREDICT_Q,
+			state: ch,
+			title: "Predict first"
+		}), ask ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LabAsk, {
+			ask,
+			activity
+		}) : null] }),
+		children: scene
+	});
+}
+const NAND_PREDICT_Q = [{
+	id: "nand-11",
+	prompt: "Both inputs are HIGH (A = 1, B = 1). Both NMOS transistors turn on, completing the path to ground. What is the output Y?",
+	choices: [{
+		value: "0",
+		label: "Y = 0 (LOW)"
+	}, {
+		value: "1",
+		label: "Y = 1 (HIGH)"
+	}],
+	answer: "0",
+	explain: "With both inputs HIGH the series NMOS pair conducts and pulls Y to ground (and both PMOS turn off). Y = 0 only when A AND B are 1, which is NAND = (A·B)′."
+}];
+const NOR_W = 480, NOR_H = 300;
+function CmosNorLab({ vdd = 5, vth = 2, title = "NOR: the De Morgan twin of NAND", prompt = "Toggle A and B. The networks are flipped from the NAND: a SERIES PMOS pair pulls the output HIGH only when BOTH inputs are LOW, and a PARALLEL NMOS pair pulls it LOW the moment EITHER input goes HIGH. NOR is the other universal gate.", ask, activity = "cmos-nor" } = {}) {
+	const [A, setA] = useState(0);
+	const [B, setB] = useState(0);
+	const [phase, setPhase] = useState(0);
+	const reduce = useReducedMotion();
+	const ch = useChallenge(NOR_PREDICT_Q);
+	useCheckpoint({
+		solved: ch.allCorrect,
+		activity: "cmos-nor:predict"
+	});
+	const mk = (a, b) => [
+		{
+			kind: "V",
+			n1: 1,
+			n2: 0,
+			value: vdd
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "V",
+			n1: 3,
+			n2: 0,
+			value: a
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "V",
+			n1: 4,
+			n2: 0,
+			value: b
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "M",
+			pmos: true,
+			n1: 5,
+			n2: 1,
+			n3: 3,
+			value: 0,
+			vth,
+			k: K
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "M",
+			pmos: true,
+			n1: 2,
+			n2: 5,
+			n3: 4,
+			value: 0,
+			vth,
+			k: K
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "M",
+			n1: 2,
+			n2: 0,
+			n3: 3,
+			value: 0,
+			vth,
+			k: K
+		},
+		{
+			kind: "M",
+			n1: 2,
+			n2: 0,
+			n3: 4,
+			value: 0,
+			vth,
+			k: K
+		}
+	];
+	const Va = A ? vdd : 0, Vb = B ? vdd : 0;
+	const Y = solveDC(mk(Va, Vb)).nodeV[2] ?? 0;
+	const pA = vdd - Va > vth, pB = vdd - Vb > vth;
+	const nA = Va > vth, nB = Vb > vth;
+	const pullUp = pA && pB;
+	const yHi = Y > vdd / 2;
+	useFrameLoop((f) => setPhase((p) => (p + f.dtMs / 1e3 * .4) % 1), { running: (pullUp || nA || nB) && !reduce });
+	const VDD_Y = 30, GND_Y = 290, Y_Y = 200;
+	const Px = 240;
+	const NAt = 180, NBt = 300, OUTx = 440;
+	const wire = (a, b) => [a, b];
+	const scene = /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("div", {
+		style: {
+			borderRadius: 12,
+			overflow: "hidden",
+			background: "var(--stage-bg)",
+			border: "1px solid var(--stage-grid)",
+			maxWidth: NOR_W,
+			margin: "0 auto"
+		},
+		children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("svg", {
+			viewBox: `0 0 ${NOR_W} ${NOR_H}`,
+			width: "100%",
+			role: "img",
+			"aria-label": `CMOS NOR, A ${A}, B ${B}, output ${yHi ? "high" : "low"}`,
+			children: [
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[120, VDD_Y], [360, VDD_Y]],
+					live: pullUp
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[120, GND_Y], [360, GND_Y]],
+					live: nA || nB
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([Px, VDD_Y], [Px, 55]),
+					live: pullUp
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([Px, 115], [Px, 119]),
+					live: pullUp
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([Px, 179], [Px, Y_Y]),
+					live: pullUp
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: [[NAt, Y_Y], [OUTx, Y_Y]],
+					live: yHi
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([NAt, Y_Y], [NAt, 210]),
+					live: nA
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([NAt, 270], [NAt, GND_Y]),
+					live: nA
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([NBt, Y_Y], [NBt, 210]),
+					live: nB
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Wire, {
+					points: wire([NBt, 270], [NBt, GND_Y]),
+					live: nB
+				}),
+				pullUp && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(FlowDots, {
+					points: [[Px, VDD_Y], [Px, Y_Y]],
+					phase
+				}),
+				nA && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(FlowDots, {
+					points: [[NAt, Y_Y], [NAt, GND_Y]],
+					phase
+				}),
+				nB && /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(FlowDots, {
+					points: [[NBt, Y_Y], [NBt, GND_Y]],
+					phase
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MosfetGlyph, {
+					cx: Px - 9,
+					cy: 85,
+					half: 30,
+					pmos: true,
+					on: pA,
+					live: pullUp,
+					label: "A"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MosfetGlyph, {
+					cx: Px - 9,
+					cy: 149,
+					half: 30,
+					pmos: true,
+					on: pB,
+					live: pullUp,
+					label: "B"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MosfetGlyph, {
+					cx: NAt - 9,
+					cy: 240,
+					half: 30,
+					on: nA,
+					live: nA,
+					label: "A"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(MosfetGlyph, {
+					cx: NBt - 9,
+					cy: 240,
+					half: 30,
+					on: nB,
+					live: nB,
+					label: "B"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 364,
+					y: 34,
+					text: `VDD ${vdd}V`,
+					color: "var(--stage-fg)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 364,
+					y: 294,
+					text: "GND",
+					color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 92,
+					y: 118,
+					text: "PMOS pull-up",
+					color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+					size: 11,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 92,
+					y: 244,
+					text: "NMOS pull-down",
+					color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+					size: 11,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("circle", {
+					cx: 444,
+					cy: Y_Y,
+					r: 4.5,
+					fill: yHi ? C_HI : C_LO
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 452,
+					y: Y_Y - 8,
+					text: "Y",
+					color: "var(--stage-fg)",
+					size: 12,
+					weight: 700,
+					anchor: "start"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Tag, {
+					x: 452,
+					y: 211,
+					text: yHi ? "1" : "0",
+					color: yHi ? C_HI : C_LO,
+					size: 13,
+					weight: 800,
+					anchor: "start"
+				})
+			]
+		})
+	});
+	return /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LabFrame, {
+		title,
+		prompt,
+		controls: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(ControlBar, { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Field, {
+			label: "input A",
+			children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("span", {
+				className: "lab-field-row",
+				children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: A === 0,
+					onClick: () => setA(0),
+					children: "0"
+				}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: A === 1,
+					onClick: () => setA(1),
+					children: "1"
+				})]
+			})
+		}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Field, {
+			label: "input B",
+			children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("span", {
+				className: "lab-field-row",
+				children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: B === 0,
+					onClick: () => setB(0),
+					children: "0"
+				}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Chip, {
+					selected: B === 1,
+					onClick: () => setB(1),
+					children: "1"
+				})]
+			})
+		})] }),
+		aside: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+			style: {
+				display: "flex",
+				flexDirection: "column",
+				gap: 10
+			},
+			children: [
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("div", {
+					className: "lab-pill",
+					"data-state": pullUp !== (nA || nB) ? "ok" : "no",
+					role: "status",
+					style: { alignSelf: "flex-start" },
+					children: pullUp ? "✓ both inputs LOW → series PMOS pulls Y HIGH" : "✓ an NMOS conducts → Y pulled LOW"
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Callout, {
+					tone: "result",
+					children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("table", {
+						style: {
+							fontSize: 13,
+							fontVariantNumeric: "tabular-nums",
+							borderCollapse: "collapse"
+						},
+						children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("thead", { children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tr", { children: [
+							/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("th", {
+								style: {
+									textAlign: "left",
+									paddingRight: 14
+								},
+								children: "A"
+							}),
+							/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("th", {
+								style: {
+									textAlign: "left",
+									paddingRight: 14
+								},
+								children: "B"
+							}),
+							/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("th", {
+								style: { textAlign: "left" },
+								children: "Y"
+							})
+						] }) }), /* @__PURE__ */ jsx("tbody", { children: [
+							[
+								0,
+								0,
+								1
+							],
+							[
+								0,
+								1,
+								0
+							],
+							[
+								1,
+								0,
+								0
+							],
+							[
+								1,
+								1,
+								0
+							]
+						].map(([a, b, y]) => /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("tr", {
+							style: {
+								fontWeight: a === A && b === B ? 800 : 400,
+								background: a === A && b === B ? "color-mix(in oklab, var(--stage-accent) 12%, transparent)" : void 0
+							},
+							children: [
+								/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: a }),
+								/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", { children: b }),
+								/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("td", {
+									style: { color: y ? "var(--stage-good)" : "var(--stage-fg)" },
+									children: y
+								})
+							]
+						}, `${a}${b}`)) })]
+					}), /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+						style: {
+							marginTop: 6,
+							color: "var(--stage-muted)",
+							fontSize: 12
+						},
+						children: [
+							"output = ",
+							Y.toFixed(2),
+							" V (",
+							yHi ? "logic 1" : "logic 0",
+							"), so Y = (A + B)′"
+						]
+					})]
+				}),
+				/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(Callout, {
+					tone: "info",
+					children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs("div", {
+						style: {
+							fontSize: 12.5,
+							lineHeight: 1.5
+						},
+						children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx("strong", { children: "NOR is universal too." }), " Compare with the NAND: swapping series for parallel in each network turns AND-logic into OR-logic (De Morgan in silicon). NAND and NOR are the two single bricks any digital circuit, from a gate to a CPU, can be built from."]
+					})
+				})
+			]
+		}),
+		footer: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxs(Fragment$1, { children: [/* @__PURE__ */ jsx(ChallengeCard, {
+			questions: NOR_PREDICT_Q,
+			state: ch,
+			title: "Predict first"
+		}), ask ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsx(LabAsk, {
+			ask,
+			activity
+		}) : null] }),
+		children: scene
+	});
+}
+const NOR_PREDICT_Q = [{
+	id: "nor-00",
+	prompt: "A NOR outputs HIGH for exactly one input combination. Which one?",
+	choices: [
+		{
+			value: "a",
+			label: "both LOW: A = 0, B = 0"
+		},
+		{
+			value: "b",
+			label: "both HIGH: A = 1, B = 1"
+		},
+		{
+			value: "c",
+			label: "whenever the inputs differ"
+		}
+	],
+	answer: "a",
+	explain: "Only when both inputs are LOW do both series PMOS conduct (and both parallel NMOS stay off), pulling Y HIGH. Any HIGH input opens an NMOS to ground, so Y = (A + B)′."
+}];
+
+//#endregion
+export { CmosInverterLab, CmosNandLab, CmosNorLab, RNmosNotLab };