@chronicle.app/schema 0.3.0 → 0.4.0

package/chronicle.ttl

@@ -1,693 +1,874 @@
 # Chronicle's minimal extraction vocabulary. This is the canonical source.
+#
+# Terms are OWL classes, datatypes and properties. Each property has an
+# rdfs:domain and an rdfs:range, a union when there are several. A property's
+# record rules are SHACL shapes written after it, such as sh:maxCount 1 for a
+# property that takes one value.
 @prefix : <https://schema.chronicle.app/> .
 @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
 @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
 @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
 @prefix schemaorg: <https://schema.org/> .
+@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
+@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
 
 : a owl:Ontology;
-  owl:versionInfo "0.2.0" .
+  owl:versionInfo "0.3.0" .
 
-:Base a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The common base for entities and actions described by a source. Each node carries an identity, expressed as @key or @id, so it can be referenced across records." .
-:Entity a rdfs:Class;
+# Annotations on properties, for tools rather than records.
+:abstract a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+:propagatesEncounter a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+:Base a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "Anything a source describes, either an :Entity or an :Action. Each one has an identity, so other records can refer to it.";
+  owl:disjointUnionOf ( :Entity :Action );
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Thing .
+:Entity a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Base;
-  rdfs:comment "A thing described by a source, such as a person, place, document, or web page. An entity represents the thing itself; actions record what happened to or with it." .
-:Action a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A thing a source describes, such as a person, place, document, or web page. An entity is the thing itself. An :Action records what happened to it or with it." .
+:Action a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Base;
-  rdfs:comment "An occurrence recorded by a source, such as reading an article, sending a message, or visiting a place. Its :object identifies the entity the action was carried out on." .
-:Text a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:subClassOf :DataType;
-  rdfs:comment "A literal string, used for values such as names and source identifiers. Text is carried directly as a property value and has no node identity of its own." .
-:URL a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Text;
-  rdfs:comment "A Uniform Resource Locator expressed as an absolute URL string, such as https://example.com/article. Used for properties that locate a resource." .
+  rdfs:comment "Something that happened, such as reading an article, sending a message, or visiting a place.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Action .
+:Text a rdfs:Datatype;
+  rdfs:comment "A string of characters, such as a name or an identifier. Text has no identity of its own.";
+  owl:equivalentClass xsd:string;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Text .
+:URL a rdfs:Datatype;
+  rdfs:comment "An absolute URL, such as `https://example.com/article`.";
+  owl:equivalentClass [ a rdfs:Datatype; owl:unionOf ( xsd:anyURI
+    [ a rdfs:Datatype; owl:onDatatype xsd:string; owl:withRestrictions ( [ xsd:pattern "[A-Za-z][-A-Za-z0-9+.]*:.+" ] ) ] ) ];
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:URL .
 
-:sourceId a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The identifier assigned by the source to an entity or action, such as a record ID or message ID. Represented as text and scoped to the source's own namespace; it need not be globally unique.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Base;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:name a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The human-readable name or title of an entity, such as a person's display name, a document title, or a place name.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:url a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "A URL at which the entity can be found, such as a web page's address or a link to a source record.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :URL .
-:object a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The entity an action is carried out on, such as the article being read, the message being sent, or the place being visited. For movement, the :object identifies where the movement began.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Action;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
+:sourceId a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The identifier the source gives an entity or action, such as a record ID or message ID. It is unique only within its :source.";
+  rdfs:domain :Base;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:identifier .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :sourceId; sh:targetSubjectsOf :sourceId; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:name a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The name or title of an entity, such as a person's display name, a document's title, or a place's name.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:name .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :name; sh:targetSubjectsOf :name; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:alternateName a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "Another name the entity was shown with, such as the display name a message gave its sender or a recipient. An entity can have many.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:alternateName .
+:url a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "A URL at which the entity can be found, such as a web page's address or a link to the record in its source.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :URL;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:url .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :url; sh:targetSubjectsOf :url; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:object a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The entity an action was carried out on, such as the article read, the message sent, or the place visited. For a movement, such as a :TravelAction, the :object is where it began.";
+  rdfs:domain :Action;
+  rdfs:range :Entity;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:object .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :object; sh:targetSubjectsOf :object; sh:maxCount 1 .
 
-:DateTime a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:subClassOf :DataType;
-  rdfs:comment "An instant anchored in time, including a date and time of day. Represented as a JavaScript Date in extracted records; use only when the source provides enough information to identify an instant." .
-:Agent a rdfs:Class;
+:DateTime a rdfs:Datatype;
+  rdfs:comment "A point in time, written in a subset of EDTF (ISO 8601-2). It takes one of four forms. An instant in UTC, with optional fractional seconds: `2024-03-02T14:05:00Z`, `2024-03-02T14:05:00.250Z`. A date at year, month, or day precision, with no time and no zone: `1987`, `1987-06`, `1987-06-12`. A date with unspecified digits written as `X`: the last one to four digits of the year, the month, or the day (`198X`, `19XX`, `1987-XX`, `1987-06-XX`, `XXXX-03-12`). Any of these dates followed by one qualifier: `?` uncertain, `~` approximate, `%` both (`1987?`, `1987-06~`, `198X%`). A date stands for its whole period: `1987` is some moment in 1987. Not allowed: an interval (`1987/1990`), an offset other than `Z` (`2024-03-02T09:05:00-05:00`), a time without a zone (`2024-03-02T14:05:00`), a qualifier on an instant, a day that does not exist (`1987-02-29`), a known day in an unspecified month (`1987-XX-12`), or no known digit at all (`XXXX`, `XXXX-XX`).";
+  owl:equivalentClass [ a rdfs:Datatype; owl:unionOf ( xsd:dateTime
+    [ a rdfs:Datatype; owl:onDatatype xsd:string; owl:withRestrictions ( [ xsd:pattern "[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}T[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}([.][0-9]+)?Z|[0-9X]{4}(-[0-9X]{2}(-[0-9X]{2})?)?[?~%]?" ] ) ] ) ];
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:DateTime .
+:Agent a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Entity;
-  rdfs:comment "An entity capable of performing an action, such as a person, organization, or software agent. An action's :agent identifies its doer when known." .
-:Task a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "An entity that can act, such as a person, an organization, or a piece of software." .
+:Task a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Entity;
-  rdfs:comment "A unit of work to be done, such as a to-do item. The task carries its :name and :description; actions record its planning, updates, completion, or cancellation." .
-:Collection a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A unit of work to be done, such as a to-do item." .
+:Collection a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
-  rdfs:comment "A grouping of entities declared by a source, such as a list, an area of responsibility, or a section within a project. Members link to the collection through :isPartOf." .
-:Project a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A group of entities that a source declares, such as a list, an area of responsibility, or a section of a project. Its members are :isPartOf it.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Collection .
+:Project a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Collection;
-  rdfs:comment "An organized undertaking that groups related work toward an outcome. Tasks and other constituent entities link to the project through :isPartOf." .
-:Tag a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "An undertaking that groups related work toward an outcome. Its tasks and other parts are :isPartOf it." .
+:Tag a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Entity;
-  rdfs:comment "A label used by a source to categorize or describe entities. Represented as an entity with its own identity so the same tag can be referenced by multiple records." .
-:PlanAction a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A label a source uses to categorize entities. Unlike the text values of :tags, a :Tag is an entity that many records can refer to." .
+:PlanAction a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
-  rdfs:comment "The act of establishing an intention to do something, such as creating a to-do item. The :object identifies the planned work; the :timestamp records when the plan was made." .
-:UpdateAction a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent decided to do something, such as by creating a to-do item. The :object is the planned work.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:PlanAction .
+:UpdateAction a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
-  rdfs:comment "A change to an existing entity, such as editing a task's title or notes. The :object identifies the entity that was changed." .
-:CompleteAction a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent changed an existing entity, such as by editing a task's title or notes. The :object is the entity that changed.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:UpdateAction .
+:CompleteAction a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
-  rdfs:comment "The completion of an activity or piece of work, such as finishing a task or a book. The :object identifies what was completed." .
-:CancelAction a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent finished an activity or piece of work, such as a task or a book. The :object is what was finished." .
+:CancelAction a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
-  rdfs:comment "The withdrawal of a plan or intended activity, such as cancelling a task. The :object identifies what was cancelled." .
-:DeleteAction a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent withdrew a plan or intended activity, such as a task. The :object is what was withdrawn.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:CancelAction .
+:DeleteAction a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
-  rdfs:comment "The removal of an entity from its source, including moving an item to the trash. The :object identifies what was removed." .
-:source a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The source system that describes the entity or action, such as things-todo. Provides the source namespace in which identifiers such as :sourceId are interpreted.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Base;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:timestamp a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The instant when the action occurred, as reported by the source. Records occurrence time, not the time Chronicle extracted the record.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Action;
-  :rangeIncludes :Date,
-    :DateTime .
-:agent a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The doer of the action, when identified by the source. Omit when no doer is known; an occurrence can be recorded without an agent.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Action;
-  :rangeIncludes :Agent .
+  rdfs:comment "The agent removed an entity from its source, such as by moving an item to the trash. The :object is what was removed.";
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:DeleteAction .
+:source a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The source that describes the entity or action, such as `things-todo`. Identifiers such as :sourceId are unique within it.";
+  rdfs:domain :Base;
+  rdfs:range :Text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :source; sh:targetSubjectsOf :source; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:timestamp a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "When the action occurred.";
+  rdfs:domain :Action;
+  rdfs:range :DateTime;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:timestamp .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :timestamp; sh:targetSubjectsOf :timestamp; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:agent a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "Who performed the action. An action whose performer is unknown has no :agent.";
+  rdfs:domain :Action;
+  rdfs:range :Agent;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:agent .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :agent; sh:targetSubjectsOf :agent; sh:maxCount 1 .
+# It takes an entity or the text `@me`, so OWL cannot call it an object or a
+# datatype property.
 :sameAs a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "Another reference to the same entity, expressed as an entity node or a textual identity reference such as @me. Asserts shared identity, rather than similarity or association.";
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity, :Text .
-:description a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "Descriptive text supplied by the source about an entity, such as a task's notes or a project's summary.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:handle a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "A contextual identifier for an entity within its namespace, such as a username, channel slug, or tag label. Its meaning depends on the source or context in which it is used.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:isPartOf a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "An entity that this entity forms part of, such as a task's project or collection, or the page containing an excerpt. Each value identifies a containing whole.";
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
-:about a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "An entity representing the subject matter of this entity, such as a topic or tag describing what a task concerns.";
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
+  rdfs:comment "Another reference to the same entity, either an entity or a text reference such as `@me`. It states that both refer to one thing, not that they are similar or related.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range [ owl:unionOf ( :Entity :Text ) ];
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:sameAs .
+:description a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "Text that describes an entity, such as a task's notes or a project's summary. It is plain text or Markdown. Not allowed: HTML (`<p>Buy milk</p>`).";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:description .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :description; sh:targetSubjectsOf :description; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:handle a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "An identifier for an entity within a namespace, such as a username, a channel slug, or a tag label. What it identifies depends on that namespace.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :Text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :handle; sh:targetSubjectsOf :handle; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:isPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "A whole that the entity is part of, such as a task's project or the page an excerpt comes from.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :Entity;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:isPartOf .
+:about a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "What the entity is about, such as a topic or a tag.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :Entity;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:about .
 
-:Command a rdfs:Class;
+:Command a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Entity;
-  rdfs:comment "An instruction issued to a computer, such as a shell command. Its :body carries the command text; an :ExecuteAction records an execution of it." .
-:Person a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "An instruction given to a computer, such as a shell command. Its :body is the command's text. An :ExecuteAction records running it." .
+:Person a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Agent;
-  rdfs:comment "A human individual represented by a source, such as a message participant or computer user." .
-:Realm a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A human being, such as a participant in a conversation or the user of a computer.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Person .
+:Realm a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Entity;
-  rdfs:comment "A bounded account or computing domain, such as a workspace, computer system, or email domain. Agents belong to it through :memberOf; entities located within it use :inRealm." .
-:ExecuteAction a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A bounded account or computing domain, such as a workspace, a computer system, or an email domain. Agents are :memberOf it. Entities within it are :inRealm it." .
+:ExecuteAction a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
-  rdfs:comment "The execution of a command or software resource. The :object identifies what was executed; :agent identifies the doer when known." .
-:body a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The textual content of an entity, such as a shell command or message, as supplied by the source.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:memberOf a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "An entity the agent belongs to, such as a realm representing the computer system in which a user account exists.";
-  :domainIncludes :Agent;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
+  rdfs:comment "The agent ran a command or a piece of software. The :object is what was run." .
+:body a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The text content of an entity, such as a shell command or a message. It is plain text or Markdown. Not allowed: HTML (`<p>Hello</p>`).";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :body; sh:targetSubjectsOf :body; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:memberOf a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "An entity the agent belongs to, such as the realm of the computer system that holds a user account.";
+  rdfs:domain :Agent;
+  rdfs:range :Entity;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:memberOf .
 
-:Message a rdfs:Class;
+:Message a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
-  rdfs:comment "A communicated item, such as a text message or chat reply. Its :body carries text, :contains links attachments, and :recipient identifies the intended receivers." .
-:MessageAction a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A communication sent to one or more agents, such as a text message, an email, or a chat reply. Its attachments are what it :contains.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Message .
+:MessageAction a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
-  rdfs:comment "The sending of a message. The :object identifies the message and :agent identifies the sender when known." .
-:MediaObject a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent sent a message. The :object is the message." .
+:MediaObject a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
-  rdfs:comment "A media artifact, such as an image, audio recording, video, or document. Its :contentPath or :url locates the content, and :mimeType describes its format." .
-:ImageObject a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A media file, such as an image, an audio recording, a video, or a document. Its :contentPath or :url locates the file, and its :mimeType gives its format.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:MediaObject .
+:ImageObject a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :MediaObject;
-  rdfs:comment "An image artifact, such as a photograph, screenshot, or image attachment." .
-:AudioObject a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "An image, such as a photograph, a screenshot, or an image attachment.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:ImageObject .
+:AudioObject a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :MediaObject;
-  rdfs:comment "An audio artifact, such as a voice message, music file, or sound recording." .
-:VideoObject a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A sound recording, such as a voice message or a music file.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:AudioObject .
+:VideoObject a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :MediaObject;
-  rdfs:comment "A video artifact, such as a recorded clip or video attachment, which may include audio." .
-:DocumentObject a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A video, such as a recorded clip or a video attachment. It can include sound.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:VideoObject .
+:DocumentObject a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :MediaObject;
-  rdfs:comment "A document artifact, such as a PDF, text file, or document attachment." .
-:recipient a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "An agent the message was directed to. A message can have multiple recipients, such as the other participants in a group conversation.";
-  :domainIncludes :Message;
-  :rangeIncludes :Agent .
-:contains a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The components an entity is materially made of — the media files that constitute a :Post (a photo, a carousel's images and videos), the attachments carried by a :Message. Each component is a leaf-typed :MediaObject carrying its own bytes.";
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :MediaObject .
-:contentPath a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "An absolute filesystem path to the local file containing the media bytes. Describes where the extracted content is available on the source machine.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :MediaObject;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:mimeType a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The MIME type of the media content, such as image/jpeg, audio/mp4, or application/pdf.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :MediaObject;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
+  rdfs:comment "A document file, such as a PDF, a text file, or a document attachment." .
+:recipient a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "An agent the message or call was directed to, such as each other participant in a group conversation.";
+  rdfs:subPropertyOf :involvement;
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :Message :CallSession ) ];
+  rdfs:range :Agent;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:recipient .
+:contains a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "A media file the entity is made of, such as the photo in a :Post, the images and videos in a carousel, or an attachment to a :Message. Each one has its most specific type, such as :ImageObject.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :MediaObject;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:associatedMedia .
+:contentPath a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The absolute filesystem path of the local file that holds the media.";
+  rdfs:domain :MediaObject;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:contentUrl .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :contentPath; sh:targetSubjectsOf :contentPath; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:mimeType a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The MIME type of the media, such as `image/jpeg`, `audio/mp4`, or `application/pdf`.";
+  rdfs:domain :MediaObject;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:encodingFormat .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :mimeType; sh:targetSubjectsOf :mimeType; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:transcript a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The words spoken in a recording or an episode, written out, such as a voice memo's transcript, a podcast episode's transcript, or a video's captions. It is plain text with no timings. It belongs to the work rather than to one of its files, so a podcast episode's transcript is the episode's, not its audio file's. Spoken words are a :transcript, not a :body.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :AudioObject :VideoObject :PodcastEpisode ) ];
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:transcript .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :transcript; sh:targetSubjectsOf :transcript; sh:maxCount 1 .
 
-:SoftwareAgent a rdfs:Class;
+:SoftwareAgent a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Agent;
-  rdfs:comment "Running software acting as a participant, such as an assistant, bot, or automation. It can be the :agent of an action or the :author of a message." .
-:SoftwareApplication a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "Software that acts as a participant, such as an assistant, a bot, or an automation. Software used as a tool is :Software." .
+:Software a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
-  rdfs:comment "A software application or model used to perform work. An action can identify it through :instrument, using the source-provided application or model identifier." .
-:Thread a rdfs:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A program, such as an application, an operating system, or a model. An action names the software used as its :instrument.";
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:SoftwareApplication .
+:SoftwareApplication a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Software;
+  rdfs:comment "A software application used to do work.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:SoftwareApplication .
+:AIModel a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Software;
+  rdfs:comment "A trained model that generates or interprets content, such as a language model or a speech recognizer. An assistant that acts is a :SoftwareAgent, and the model it runs is an :AIModel.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:SoftwareApplication .
+:OperatingSystem a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Software;
+  rdfs:comment "An operating system, or one release of it, that applications run on, such as a phone's or a computer's.";
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:OperatingSystem .
+:Thread a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Collection;
-  rdfs:comment "A conversation explicitly grouped by its source, such as an email thread or assistant chat. Messages link to it through :isPartOf; its :name can carry the conversation title." .
-:instrument a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The tool, device, application, or model used to perform an action. The :agent identifies who acted; :instrument identifies what they used.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Action;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
-:author a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "An agent that authored the message content, such as a person or software assistant.";
-  :domainIncludes :Message;
-  :rangeIncludes :Agent .
-:inRealm a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The realm in which an entity resides, such as the computer system hosting a conversation or file. Provides context for identifiers that are local to that realm.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :Realm .
+  rdfs:comment "A conversation that its source groups together, such as an email thread or a chat with an assistant. Its messages are :isPartOf it, and its :name is the conversation's title.";
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:Conversation .
+:instrument a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The tool, device, application, or model used to perform an action. The :agent is who acted. The :instrument is what they used. When only the kind of device is known, it is a :ProductModel rather than a :Device.";
+  rdfs:domain :Action;
+  rdfs:range :Entity;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:instrument .
+:author a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "An agent who wrote the work, such as a person or a software assistant.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :CreativeWork :Message ) ];
+  rdfs:range :Agent;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:author .
+:inRealm a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The realm the entity is in, such as the computer system that holds a conversation or a file. Identifiers local to the realm are unique within it.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :Realm .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :inRealm; sh:targetSubjectsOf :inRealm; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:inAccount a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent whose account holds the entity, as that account's service knows them, such as the owner of an email account a message was delivered to. An entity held in several accounts is :inAccount each. Identifiers an account issues are unique within it.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :Agent .
 
-:ConsumeAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent took in the :object — read, watched, listened to, ate, or drank it; the subclasses name the mode. A bare ConsumeAction records consumption in progress without a known start.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Action .
+:ConsumeAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent took in the :object, such as by reading, watching, listening to, eating, or drinking it. The subclasses name how. A :ConsumeAction of no subclass records consumption in progress with no known start.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:ConsumeAction .
 
-:ViewAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent looked at the :object — a web page visited, a photo opened, a document viewed. A point encounter rather than a consumption in progress.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction .
+:ViewAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent looked at the :object, such as a web page visited, a photo opened, or a document viewed. It records a single encounter, not consumption in progress.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:ViewAction .
 
-:Number a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A numeric value, integral or decimal.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :DataType .
-:startTime a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The start time of an action, or the start bound of an interval value. A :DateTime is an anchored instant; a :Date is a civil whole-day bound (e.g. an all-day event).";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Action,
-    :Event,
-    :Interval;
-  :rangeIncludes :Date,
-    :DateTime .
-:endTime a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The end time of an action, or the end bound of an interval value. A :DateTime is an anchored instant; a :Date is a civil whole-day bound (e.g. an all-day event).";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Action,
-    :Event,
-    :Interval;
-  :rangeIncludes :Date,
-    :DateTime .
-:result a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "What the action produced — the artifact or session that came into being through it.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Action;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
+:Number a rdfs:Datatype;
+  rdfs:comment "A number, whole or decimal.";
+  owl:equivalentClass [ a rdfs:Datatype; owl:unionOf ( xsd:decimal
+    [ a rdfs:Datatype; owl:onDatatype xsd:double; owl:withRestrictions ( [ xsd:minExclusive "-INF"^^xsd:double ] [ xsd:maxExclusive "INF"^^xsd:double ] ) ] ) ];
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Number .
+:startTime a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "When the action started. A date gives the start at that date's precision.";
+  rdfs:domain :Action;
+  rdfs:range :DateTime;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:startTime .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :startTime; sh:targetSubjectsOf :startTime; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:endTime a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "When the action ended. A date gives the end at that date's precision and includes the whole period, so `1990` runs to the end of 1990.";
+  rdfs:domain :Action;
+  rdfs:range :DateTime;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:endTime .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :endTime; sh:targetSubjectsOf :endTime; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:result a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "What the action produced, such as a work or a session.";
+  rdfs:domain :Action;
+  rdfs:range :Entity;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:result .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :result; sh:targetSubjectsOf :result; sh:maxCount 1 .
 
-:StructuredValue a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A value made of several fields — a position, an interval — that describes something without being an identified entity of its own." .
-:Location a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A geographic position and address — coordinates (:latitude, :longitude, :elevation) and address parts (:address, :locality, :region, :country, :postalCode). A structured value with no identity of its own; the identified place it describes is a :Place.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :StructuredValue .
-:Place a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A location in the world with an identity of its own — a venue, a city, a region, a country. Its geographic position and address are its :location value.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Entity .
-:Venue a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A specific place one goes to — a café, a shop, a park, a home, an office. The :object of a :VisitAction or :CheckInAction, and the :location where something happened.";
+:StructuredValue a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A value made of several fields that together state one fact, such as a position and its address. It describes something but has no identity of its own.";
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:StructuredValue .
+:Location a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A geographic position and address. Its coordinates are its :latitude and :longitude, and its :address is its address. It has no identity of its own. A place with an identity is a :Place.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :StructuredValue;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:GeoCoordinates .
+:Place a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A place in the world with an identity of its own, such as a venue, a city, a region, or a country. Its :location gives its position and address.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Entity;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Place .
+:Venue a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A specific place that people go to, such as a café, a shop, a park, a home, or an office.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Place .
-:location a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The location associated with the action or entity.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Action,
-    :Entity,
-    :Event;
-  :rangeIncludes :Place, :Location .
-:latitude a rdf:Property;
+:location a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "Where the action happened, or where the entity or event is.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :Entity :Action :Event ) ];
+  rdfs:range [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :Location :Place ) ];
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:location .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :location; sh:targetSubjectsOf :location; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:latitude a owl:DatatypeProperty;
   rdfs:comment "The latitude of the location.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Location;
-  :rangeIncludes :Number .
-:longitude a rdf:Property;
+  rdfs:domain :Location;
+  rdfs:range :Number;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:latitude .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :latitude; sh:targetSubjectsOf :latitude; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:longitude a owl:DatatypeProperty;
   rdfs:comment "The longitude of the location.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Location;
-  :rangeIncludes :Number .
-:address a rdf:Property;
+  rdfs:domain :Location;
+  rdfs:range :Number;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:longitude .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :longitude; sh:targetSubjectsOf :longitude; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:address a owl:DatatypeProperty;
   rdfs:comment "The address of the location.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Location;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:category a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "Categories or tags that classify the entity or action.";
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
+  rdfs:domain :Location;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:address .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :address; sh:targetSubjectsOf :address; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:category a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "A text label that classifies the entity, such as `breakfast` for a :Meal or `car` for a :PhysicalObject.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:category .
 
-:VisitAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent was present at the :object place over :startTime to :endTime — a stay somewhere, as distinct from the :TravelAction between stays.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Action .
-:TravelAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent travelled from :object to :target — a physical journey between places, over :startTime to :endTime. Its :result is the :Journey recording the route, mode, and distance.";
+:MoveAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent moved from the :object to the :target. The subclasses name the kind of movement.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:MoveAction .
+:NavigateAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent took one step through an information space, from the :object to the :target, such as following a link from one web page to another. A path through several pages is a sequence of these steps.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :MoveAction .
+:VisitAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent stayed at the :object place from :startTime to :endTime. Travel between stays is a :TravelAction.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Action .
-:Journey a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A recorded segment of travel — the :result of a :TravelAction, carrying the :travelMode, the :distance, and the route as :path. Dateless itself; the action carries the span.";
+:TravelAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent travelled from the :object place to the :target place, from :startTime to :endTime. Its :result is the :Journey.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:TravelAction .
+:Journey a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A recorded stretch of travel, with its :travelMode, its :distance, and its route as its :path. It is the :result of a :TravelAction, which gives its start and end.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Entity .
-:travelMode a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The mode of travel of a journey (e.g. walking, cycling, driving).";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Journey;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:distance a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The distance covered by a journey, in meters.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Journey;
-  :rangeIncludes :Number .
-:path a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The recorded route of a journey.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Journey;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
+:travelMode a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "How the journey was made, such as `walking`, `cycling`, or `metro`.";
+  rdfs:domain :Journey;
+  rdfs:range :Text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :travelMode; sh:targetSubjectsOf :travelMode; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:distance a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The distance the journey covered, in meters.";
+  rdfs:domain :Journey;
+  rdfs:range :Number;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:distance .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :distance; sh:targetSubjectsOf :distance; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:path a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The recorded route of the journey.";
+  rdfs:domain :Journey;
+  rdfs:range :Text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :path; sh:targetSubjectsOf :path; sh:maxCount 1 .
 
-:CreativeWork a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A work made by an agent — a text, a recording, a post, a message, a document. Carries its attribution (:author, :publisher), its release (:datePublished), what it is about (:about), and its composition (:isPartOf, :contains).";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Entity .
-:Channel a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A named, multi-participant messaging container that messages are posted to — a workspace channel, a group chat, a chat room. Messages link to it with :isPartOf; a one-to-one conversation has no Channel.";
+:CreativeWork a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A work made by an agent, such as a text, a recording, a post, a message, or a document.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Entity;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:CreativeWork .
+:Channel a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A named place where several participants post messages, such as a workspace channel, a group chat, or a chat room. Its messages are :isPartOf it. A one-to-one conversation has no :Channel.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
-:Organization a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A group of people acting as one — a company, an institution, a club, a school. Its :member values are the agents that belong to it.";
+:Organization a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A group of people acting as one, such as a company, an institution, a club, or a school.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Agent;
-  owl:equivalentClass schemaorg:Organization .
-:member a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "A member of the group — a musical group, an organization, or a messaging channel/group chat.";
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:Organization .
+:member a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "An agent that belongs to the organization or channel, such as a member of a band, a company, or a group chat.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :involvement;
-  :domainIncludes :Organization, :Channel;
-  :rangeIncludes :Person, :Agent .
-:inReplyTo a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The message this message is a quoted reply to.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :Channel :Organization ) ];
+  rdfs:range [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :Agent :Person ) ];
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:member .
+:inReplyTo a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The message this message replies to.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :relation;
-  :domainIncludes :Message;
-  :rangeIncludes :Message .
+  rdfs:domain :Message;
+  rdfs:range :Message .
 
-:DataType a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A simple literal value: text, a number, a date, a date-time." .
-:Date a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A civil calendar date — a day in wall-clock time with no time of day and no zone, kept as an ISO date string rather than an instant. The whole-day counterpart of :DateTime: an all-day event, a date-only life event, a bare year.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :DataType .
-:Event a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A named happening with a declared :scheduledTime — a calendar entry, a concert, a picnic. Carries its :location and :attendee values; the :object of an :AttendAction. Its actual extent derives from the activity that constitutes it.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Entity .
-:Interval a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A bounded stretch of time — a start and an end, each at its own precision. A structured value with no identity of its own, like :Location; it carries the declared extent of an event or session (its :scheduledTime), as distinct from an action's occurrence.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :StructuredValue .
-:relation a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "Any edge from an entity to another entity.";
+:Event a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A named happening with a planned start and end, such as a calendar entry, a concert, or a picnic. Its :scheduledStart and :scheduledEnd give the plan. The actions that record it give when it actually happened.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Entity;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Event .
+:Calendar a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Collection;
+  rdfs:comment "A calendar of events, such as a person's primary calendar, a shared team calendar, or a subscribed holiday calendar. Its events are :isPartOf it." .
+:attendee a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "An agent invited to the event, such as a guest on a calendar entry, whatever their reply.";
+  rdfs:subPropertyOf :involvement;
+  rdfs:domain :Event;
+  rdfs:range :Agent;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:attendee .
+:scheduledStart a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "When the event or session is planned to start. When something actually started is an action's :startTime. A timed plan starts at an instant. An all-day plan starts on a date.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :Event :Session ) ];
+  rdfs:range :DateTime;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:startDate .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :scheduledStart; sh:targetSubjectsOf :scheduledStart; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:scheduledEnd a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "When the event or session is planned to end. It is the same kind of value as its :scheduledStart and is not before it. A date is the last whole day included, so a one-day event ends on the day it starts.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :Event :Session ) ];
+  rdfs:range :DateTime;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:endDate .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :scheduledEnd; sh:targetSubjectsOf :scheduledEnd; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:relation a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "Another entity that this entity is linked to.";
   :abstract true;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
-:involvement a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "An agent involved in an entity as addressee, attendee, or member.";
+  rdfs:range :Entity .
+:involvement a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "An agent involved in an entity, such as the recipient of a message, an attendee of an event, or a member of a group.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :relation;
-  :rangeIncludes :Agent .
+  :abstract true;
+  rdfs:range :Agent .
 
-:InteractAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "An agent engages with another agent or a social object — communicating, following.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Action .
-:CommunicateAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "An agent conveys something to others — a message, a call, a check-in.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :InteractAction .
-:CallAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A phone or video call. :agent is the caller when known; the :result is the :CallSession the call constitutes, which carries the receiver as its :recipient and, for a group call, the :Channel it is :isPartOf.";
+:InteractAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent engaged with others, such as by communicating with them or following them.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:InteractAction .
+:CommunicateAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent conveyed something to others, such as by sending a message, making a call, or checking in.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :InteractAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:CommunicateAction .
+:CallAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent made a phone or video call. Its :result is the :CallSession.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicateAction .
-:Session a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A described segment of time — a bounded, characterized interval of the subject's logged activity (an app-usage block, a manual time block, a call). A sibling of :Event (a named happening); both carry a declared :scheduledTime, while their actual aliveness derives from the activity that constitutes them. A session constituted by an action (:DeviceSession, :CallSession) takes its occurrence from that action; an atomic session (a manual time block) carries its own :startTime/:endTime, like :Event.";
+:Session a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A described period of the subject's activity, such as a block of app use, a manually logged block of time, or a call. Unlike an :Event, it is not a named happening. Its :scheduledStart and :scheduledEnd give a planned period. The action that records it gives when it actually happened.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Entity .
-:CallSession a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A phone or FaceTime call as a described segment of time — the :result of a :CallAction. Carries the :recipient (the receiver) and, for group calls, :isPartOf a :Channel whose :member is the roster. A missed call is a zero-length span; a connected call a non-zero one.";
+:CallSession a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A phone or video call, as a period of time. It is the :result of a :CallAction. Its :recipient is who received the call. A group call :isPartOf a :Channel whose :member values are the participants. A missed call has zero length.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Session .
-:recipient :domainIncludes :CallSession .
-:EatAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent ate the :object, a :Meal. Where it happened is the action's :location.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction .
-:DrankAction a rdfs:Class;
+:EatAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent ate the :object, a :Meal. Where they ate is the action's :location.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:EatAction .
+:DrinkAction a owl:Class;
   rdfs:comment "The agent drank the :object.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction .
-:Meal a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A meal or snack the subject ate — the :object of an :EatAction. Its slot (breakfast, lunch, dinner) is :category data.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:DrinkAction .
+:Meal a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A meal or snack that the subject ate. Its :category is its slot, such as breakfast, lunch, or dinner.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Entity .
-:Post a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A work published to a social or media platform — a feed post, a story, a reel, a tweet. A media-agnostic container: it may carry a text :body and :contains one or more media files (:MediaObject). Its native presentation format (feed, story, reel) is its :sourceFormat.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
-:PublishAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A work was published or released. Its :agent is the publisher when known and its :object the work; the work's :datePublished is when this occurred.";
+:Post a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A work published to a social or media platform, such as a feed post, a story, a reel, or a tweet. It can have a text :body and media files that it :contains. Its :sourceFormat is the platform's own format for it.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:SocialMediaPosting .
+:PublishAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent published or released the :object. The work's :datePublished is when this happened.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :CreateAction .
-:CreateAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent brought a work into existence. Its :result is the work created; the subclasses name the kind of making.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Action .
-:LikeAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent liked the :object. Opens the agent's standing :likes run over it.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :ReactAction .
-:ReactAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A payload-free stance an agent takes on the :object, such as a like. A reaction that carries content (an emoji, a comment) is a :RespondAction.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :AssessAction .
-:AssessAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "An agent takes a stance on the :object — a like, a reaction, a rating, a review.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Action .
-:references a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "An entity this one references — an @mention, or a link from one resource to another (a web page's outbound link, a citation).";
+:CreateAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent brought a work into being. Its :result is the work. The subclasses name the kind of making.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:CreateAction .
+:RecordAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent recorded sound or video, such as a voice memo, a video clip, or a screen recording. Its :result is the :AudioObject or :VideoObject. Recording can be paused, so the action can last longer than the recording's :duration. When only the start is known, the :timestamp is when recording started. Taking a still image is a :PhotographAction.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreateAction .
+:PhotographAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent took a photograph. Its :result is the :ImageObject.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreateAction;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:PhotographAction .
+:LikeAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent liked the :object.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :ReactAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:LikeAction .
+:ReactAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent took a stance on the :object with no content, such as a like. A reaction with content, such as an emoji or a comment, is a :RespondAction.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :AssessAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:ReactAction .
+:AssessAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent took a stance on the :object, such as by liking, reacting to, rating, or reviewing it.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:AssessAction .
+:references a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "An entity this one refers to, such as one it @mentions, a page it links to, or a work it cites.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :mentions;
-  :domainIncludes :CreativeWork,
-    :Session,
-    :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
-:mentions a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "An entity pointed to from this one (e.g. an @mention or link).";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :Entity :CreativeWork :Session ) ];
+  rdfs:range :Entity .
+:mentions a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "An entity this one points to, such as by an @mention or a link.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :relation;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
-:FindAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent looked something up on a platform — an entry in a search history. :object is the :Query entered.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Action .
-:Query a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A search query as entered. Carries the query text as :body; the :object of a :FindAction.";
+  rdfs:range :Entity;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:mentions .
+:FindAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent searched on a platform. The :object is the :Query they entered.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:SearchAction .
+:Query a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A search query as it was entered. Its :body is the query's text.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
-:RespondAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "An agent responds to the :object with content — an emoji reaction, a comment, a rating, a review. The :result is the :Response carrying that content; the :object names what it is about. The payload-carrying counterpart of :LikeAction.";
+:RespondAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent responded to the :object with content, such as an emoji reaction, a comment, a rating, or a review. Its :result is the :Response that holds the content. A response with no content is a :ReactAction.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :AssessAction .
-:Response a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "An agent's response to a thing, carrying its content in two facets: :body (an emoji reaction is a one-character body; prose is a :Comment) and :ratingValue (a review carries both). The :result of a :RespondAction, whose :object names what the response is about. The payload is kept verbatim in the source's own vocabulary, a literal ❤️ beside a platform's LOVE. A like with no payload is a :LikeAction rather than a Response.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
-:Comment a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A prose response — the :Response leaf whose :body is authored text.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Response .
-:author :domainIncludes :CreativeWork .
-:FollowAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent began following the :object — an account, a feed, a collection. Opens the agent's :follows run over it.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :InteractAction .
-:OrganizeAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "An agent arranges or plans things — saving, bookmarking, scheduling.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Action .
-:BookmarkAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent saved the :object for later — a bookmarked page, an article saved to a reading list, a work shelved as to-read.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizeAction .
-:sourceFormat a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The source's own presentation format for an item — which of the platform's native content shapes it is among items of the same type: a story, feed post, or reel; a video, short, or live stream; a full episode, trailer, or bonus. A descriptive, per-source, open-vocabulary label, present only where the source has such a sub-format.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :CreativeWork;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:visibility a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "How widely the work is shared: `public`, `private`, or `unlisted`, always as these lowercase tokens. A coarse bucket shared across sources, onto which each source's own audience states map.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :CreativeWork;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:ListenAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent listened to the :object — a recording, a podcast episode. Opens or extends the agent's :consuming run over it.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction .
-:AddAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent added the :object to the :target — a track to a playlist, a work to a collection.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :UpdateAction .
-:MusicRecording a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A recorded track — one performance of a :MusicComposition (:recordingOf) by an :artist, appearing on a :MusicAlbum via :inAlbum, with a :duration.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
-:MusicAlbum a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A released collection of recordings by an :artist; each recording on it is a :track.";
+:Response a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A response to something, with content. It is the :result of a :RespondAction, whose :object is what it responds to. Its :body is the content as the source gives it, such as `❤️`, `LOVE`, or prose. A response in prose is a :Comment.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
-:PerformingGroup a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "An organization that performs — a band, a troupe, an ensemble.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Organization .
-:MusicGroup a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A musical act — a band, an orchestra, or a solo artist as a performing identity. The :artist of recordings and albums.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :PerformingGroup .
-:PodcastEpisode a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "One episode of a :PodcastSeries (via :series), with its :episodeNumber and :duration.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
-:attribution a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "An agent responsible for a creative work coming into existence.";
+:Comment a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A response written in prose. Its :body is the text.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Response;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Comment .
+:FollowAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent started following the :object, such as an account, a feed, or a collection.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :InteractAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:FollowAction .
+:OrganizeAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent arranged or planned things, such as by saving, bookmarking, or scheduling.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:OrganizeAction .
+:BookmarkAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent saved the :object for later, such as a bookmarked page, an article saved to a reading list, or a book shelved as to-read.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizeAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:BookmarkAction .
+:sourceFormat a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The platform's own format for the work, among works of the same type. For example, a post can be a story, a feed post, or a reel, a video can be a short or a live stream, and a podcast episode can be a trailer or a bonus. Each source has its own values. A work has a :sourceFormat only when its source has such formats.";
+  rdfs:domain :CreativeWork;
+  rdfs:range :Text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :sourceFormat; sh:targetSubjectsOf :sourceFormat; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:visibility a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "How widely the work is shared. It is one of `public`, `private`, or `unlisted`, and each source's audience settings map onto these. Not allowed: other values (`friends`) or other cases (`Public`).";
+  rdfs:domain :CreativeWork;
+  rdfs:range :Text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :visibility; sh:targetSubjectsOf :visibility; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:ListenAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent listened to the :object, such as a recording or a podcast episode.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:ListenAction .
+:AddAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent added the :object to the :target, such as a track to a playlist or a work to a collection.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :UpdateAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:AddAction .
+:MusicRecording a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A recording of a piece of music, such as a track on an album.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:MusicRecording .
+:MusicAlbum a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A released collection of music recordings.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:MusicAlbum .
+:PerformingGroup a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "An organization that performs, such as a band, a troupe, or an ensemble.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Organization;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:PerformingGroup .
+:MusicGroup a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A musical act, such as a band, an orchestra, or a solo artist as a performer. It is the :artist of recordings and albums.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :PerformingGroup;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:MusicGroup .
+:PodcastEpisode a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "One episode of a podcast.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:PodcastEpisode .
+:attribution a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "An agent responsible for bringing a work into being.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :relation;
   :abstract true;
-  :rangeIncludes :Agent .
-:performer a rdf:Property;
+  rdfs:range :Agent .
+:performer a owl:ObjectProperty;
   :propagatesEncounter true;
   rdfs:comment "An agent who performed or realized an existing work.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :attribution;
-  :rangeIncludes :Agent .
-:composition a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "A structural part/whole relation between entities. Direction-neutral; assert :partOf or :hasPart.";
+  rdfs:range :Agent;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:performer .
+:composition a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "A structural relation between a part and its whole, in either direction.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :relation;
   :abstract true;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
-:partOf a rdf:Property;
+  rdfs:range :Entity .
+:partOf a owl:ObjectProperty;
   :propagatesEncounter true;
-  rdfs:comment "This entity is a component of the referenced entity.";
+  rdfs:comment "A work that this entity is a component of.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :composition;
-  :rangeIncludes :CreativeWork .
-:emblem a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The image an entity presents itself by — an avatar, poster, cover, logo, or favicon. Representation, not content: swap it and the entity is the same. Where a :depiction is a photograph someone took of the thing, an emblem is the image the thing was given to stand for it, photographic or not; banners and headers are decoration rather than emblems. The single elected image among candidates; its bytes live on the :ImageObject.";
+  rdfs:range :CreativeWork .
+:emblem a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The image an entity presents itself by, such as an avatar, a poster, a cover, a logo, or a favicon. It stands for the entity but is not its content, so changing it does not change the entity. It can be a photograph or any other image. Banners and headers are not emblems.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :relation;
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :ImageObject .
-:artist a rdf:Property;
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :ImageObject;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:image .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :emblem; sh:targetSubjectsOf :emblem; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:artist a owl:ObjectProperty;
   :propagatesEncounter true;
-  rdfs:comment "The artist who created or performed the musical work.";
+  rdfs:comment "The musical act that created or performed the recording or album.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :performer;
-  :domainIncludes :MusicRecording,
-    :MusicAlbum,
-    :AudioObject;
-  :rangeIncludes :MusicGroup .
-:inAlbum a rdf:Property;
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :AudioObject :MusicRecording :MusicAlbum ) ];
+  rdfs:range :MusicGroup;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:byArtist .
+:inAlbum a owl:ObjectProperty;
   :propagatesEncounter true;
-  rdfs:comment "The album that contains this musical recording.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
+  rdfs:comment "The album the recording appears on.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :partOf;
-  :domainIncludes :MusicRecording;
-  :rangeIncludes :MusicAlbum .
-:duration a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The duration of the musical recording or media content.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :MusicRecording,
-    :PodcastEpisode,
-    :AudioObject,
-    :VideoObject;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:genre a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The genre of the creative work.";
-  :domainIncludes :CreativeWork,
-    :AudioObject;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:datePublished a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "When the work was published or released, at whatever precision the source knows (a bare year is a year-precision date). A date on the work's own timeline: the moment its :PublishAction occurred.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  owl:equivalentProperty schemaorg:datePublished;
-  :domainIncludes :CreativeWork;
-  :rangeIncludes :Date,
-    :DateTime .
-:target a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "What an action is directed toward, as opposed to what it is carried out on (:object). A collection operation targets the collection it adds to or removes from; a movement verb targets where it ended up, with :object naming where it began (:NavigateAction from one page to the next, :TravelAction from one place to the next).";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Action;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
-:ExperienceAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A segment of lived activity the subject engaged in or underwent — a manually-logged time block or life episode (its :result is the :Session it constitutes: a :Tenure, :Residence, :Relationship, and the like), or a punctual life event (:BirthAction, :DeathAction). Carries the real occurrence via :startTime/:endTime; the constituted session takes its span from the action.";
+  rdfs:domain :MusicRecording;
+  rdfs:range :MusicAlbum;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:inAlbum .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :inAlbum; sh:targetSubjectsOf :inAlbum; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:duration a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "How long the recording or media lasts.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :AudioObject :VideoObject :MusicRecording :PodcastEpisode ) ];
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:duration .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :duration; sh:targetSubjectsOf :duration; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:genre a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "A genre of the work.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :CreativeWork :AudioObject ) ];
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:genre .
+:datePublished a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "When the work was published or released. It is when the work's :PublishAction occurred.";
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:datePublished;
+  rdfs:domain :CreativeWork;
+  rdfs:range :DateTime .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :datePublished; sh:targetSubjectsOf :datePublished; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:target a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "What an action is directed toward, as distinct from the :object it is carried out on. Adding to or removing from a collection targets the collection. A movement targets where it ended, and its :object is where it began.";
+  rdfs:domain :Action;
+  rdfs:range :Entity .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :target; sh:targetSubjectsOf :target; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:ExperienceAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The subject went through a period of life or a life event, such as a logged block of time, a job, or a relationship. Its :startTime and :endTime give when it happened. Its :result, if any, is the :Session that lasted that period, such as a :Tenure or a :Relationship.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Action .
-:JoinAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The subject joined the :object organization or realm — the opening boundary of a membership. Its :result may carry the :Tenure, :Membership, or :Enrollment the membership constitutes.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :ExperienceAction .
-:LeaveAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The subject left the :object organization or realm — the closing boundary of a membership opened by a :JoinAction.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :ExperienceAction .
-:Tenure a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A stretch of employment — the :result of the :ExperienceAction whose span it takes. Dateless itself; carries the :employer (an :Organization) and the :role held. The subject's :memberOf run over the employer derives from this span.";
+:JoinAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The subject joined the :object organization or realm, starting a membership. Its :result can be the :Tenure, :Membership, or :Enrollment that began.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :ExperienceAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:JoinAction .
+:LeaveAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The subject left the :object organization or realm, ending a membership that a :JoinAction started.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :ExperienceAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:LeaveAction .
+:Tenure a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A period of employment. It is the :result of an :ExperienceAction, which gives its start and end. Its :role is the position held.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Session .
-:Enrollment a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A stretch of study at a school — the :result of the :ExperienceAction whose span it takes. Dateless itself; carries the :school (an :Organization) and the :degree pursued. The subject's :memberOf run over the school derives from this span.";
+:Enrollment a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A period of study at a school. It is the :result of an :ExperienceAction, which gives its start and end. Its :degree is the degree or program pursued.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Session .
-:Membership a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A stretch of belonging to an organization or realm — the :result of the :ExperienceAction whose span it takes. Dateless itself; carries the :org and the :role held. The subject's :memberOf run derives from this span.";
+:Membership a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A period of belonging to an organization or realm. It is the :result of an :ExperienceAction, which gives its start and end. Its :role is the role held.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Session .
-:Relationship a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A stretch of romantic partnership — the :result of the :ExperienceAction whose span it takes. Dateless itself; names the other person via :with. The subject's :partner run derives from this span.";
+:Relationship a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A period of romantic partnership. It is the :result of an :ExperienceAction, which gives its start and end.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Session .
-:role a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The role, title, or nature held during a :Tenure, :Membership, or :Relationship.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Tenure,
-    :Membership,
-    :Relationship;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:degree a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The degree or program pursued during an :Enrollment.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Enrollment;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:Intangible a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "An entity with no physical or creative existence of its own — a term, a selector, a category.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Entity .
-:DefinedTerm a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A word or code from a vocabulary — a tag, a category — used to classify other entities.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :Intangible .
-:WatchAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent watched the :object — a video, a film, a show. Opens or extends the agent's :consuming run over it.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction .
-:width a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The width of the media content in pixels.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;  :domainIncludes :ImageObject,
-    :VideoObject;
-  :rangeIncludes :Number .
-:height a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The height of the media content in pixels.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;  :domainIncludes :ImageObject,
-    :VideoObject;
-  :rangeIncludes :Number .
+:role a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The role or title held in a :Tenure or :Membership, or the kind of :Relationship.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :Tenure :Membership :Relationship ) ];
+  rdfs:range :Text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :role; sh:targetSubjectsOf :role; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:degree a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The degree or program pursued.";
+  rdfs:domain :Enrollment;
+  rdfs:range :Text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :degree; sh:targetSubjectsOf :degree; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:Intangible a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "An entity that is neither physical nor a creative work, such as a term, a selector, or a category.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Entity;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Intangible .
+:DefinedTerm a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A word or code from a vocabulary that classifies other entities, such as a tag or a category.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Intangible;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:DefinedTerm .
+:WatchAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent watched the :object, such as a video, a film, or a show.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:WatchAction .
+:width a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The width of the image or video, in pixels.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :ImageObject :VideoObject ) ];
+  rdfs:range :Number;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:width .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :width; sh:targetSubjectsOf :width; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:height a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The height of the image or video, in pixels.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :ImageObject :VideoObject ) ];
+  rdfs:range :Number;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:height .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :height; sh:targetSubjectsOf :height; sh:maxCount 1 .
 
-:AnnotateAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent wrote a note on something — a comment on a highlighted passage, a note on a work, a margin note on a page. Its :result is the :Comment, whose :about names what it annotates.";
+:AnnotateAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent wrote a note on something, such as a comment on a highlighted passage, a note on a work, or a note in the margin of a page. Its :result is the :Comment, which is :about what it annotates.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :CreateAction .
 
-:DeviceSession a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A screen-usage segment — an app-focus/app-usage block on a device. The :result of an :ExecuteAction (which carries the measured span); dateless itself, carrying the focused resource (:subject), the project (:isPartOf), and, when no resource is present, the window title (:name).";
+:DeviceSession a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A period of using a device, such as a block of time with one app in focus. It is the :result of an :ExecuteAction, which gives its start and end. Its :subject is the resource in focus, and it :isPartOf a project. When no resource is in focus, its :name is the window's title.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Session .
-:PhysicalObject a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A tangible object the subject owns or uses and has a history with — a device, a vehicle, an instrument. Its kind is open-ended :category data ('computer', 'car'); its make and model is :model. Subclasses name functional roles an object plays in actions, such as :Device.";
+:PhysicalObject a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A physical object the subject owns or uses, such as a device, a vehicle, or a musical instrument. Its :category is its kind, such as `computer` or `car`, and its :model is its make and model. The subclasses name the roles an object plays in actions, such as :Device.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Entity .
-:Device a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A physical computing device the subject runs software on — the :instrument of an :ExecuteAction, and the device a :DeviceSession takes place on. A functional role rather than a kind: whether it is a computer, phone, or tablet is :category data. It runs within a :Realm (via :inRealm), the logical machine that may outlive the hardware.";
+:Device a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A physical computing device the subject runs software on, such as a computer, a phone, or a tablet. It is the :instrument of an :ExecuteAction. It names a role, not a kind, so its :category says what kind of device it is. It is :inRealm the logical machine, which can outlive the hardware.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject .
-:Directory a rdfs:Class;
+:ProductModel a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A kind of product, such as a line of phones or one model of camera, rather than one particular product. One particular computing device is a :Device.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Entity;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:ProductModel .
+:Directory a owl:Class;
   rdfs:subClassOf :Collection;
-  rdfs:comment "A filesystem directory: a :Collection whose members are the files (:MediaObject) and subdirectories (:Directory) it :contains, identified by its path (:handle) within the machine it lives on (:inRealm). It has no content of its own; its membership is its content." .
-:workingDirectory a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The filesystem directory a session took place in — a terminal's current working directory or a folder open in a file manager. Where the session happened, not what it was about (cf. :subject).";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Session;
-  :rangeIncludes :Directory .
-:subject a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The specific resource a session was spent on — the document, page, or media in focus. A specialization of :about (subject matter) for sessions.";
+  rdfs:comment "A filesystem directory. Its members are the files and directories it :contains, and they are its only content. Its :handle is its path, and it is :inRealm the machine it is on." .
+:workingDirectory a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The directory a session took place in, such as a terminal's working directory or a folder open in a file manager. It is where the session happened. What the session was spent on is its :subject.";
+  rdfs:domain :Session;
+  rdfs:range :Directory .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :workingDirectory; sh:targetSubjectsOf :workingDirectory; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:subject a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The resource the session was spent on, such as the document, page, or media in focus.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :about;
-  :domainIncludes :Session;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
-:model a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The make/model of a physical object (e.g. 'Mac17,9', 'iPhone15,2') — the manufactured model, distinct from the object's own :name and from its :category kind.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :PhysicalObject;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
+  rdfs:domain :Session;
+  rdfs:range :Entity .
+:model a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The make and model of the object, such as `Mac17,9` or `iPhone15,2`. It is not the object's :name or its :category.";
+  rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:model .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :model; sh:targetSubjectsOf :model; sh:maxCount 1 .
 
-:CheckInAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent announced their presence at the :object, a :Venue, at :timestamp.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicateAction .
+:CheckInAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent announced that they were at the :object, a :Venue.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicateAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:CheckInAction .
 
-:Book a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A book, as an edition: carries its :author and :pageCount.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
-:pageCount a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The number of pages in a document or book (an edition-level count).";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :DocumentObject,
-    :Book;
-  :rangeIncludes :Number .
-:publisher a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The publisher of the creative work.";
+:Book a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A book, in one edition.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Book .
+:pageCount a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The number of pages in the document or edition.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :DocumentObject :Book ) ];
+  rdfs:range :Number;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:numberOfPages .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :pageCount; sh:targetSubjectsOf :pageCount; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:publisher a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The organization that published the work.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :creator;
-  :domainIncludes :CreativeWork;
-  :rangeIncludes :Organization .
-:creator a rdf:Property;
+  rdfs:domain :CreativeWork;
+  rdfs:range :Organization;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:publisher .
+:creator a owl:ObjectProperty;
   :propagatesEncounter true;
-  rdfs:comment "An agent who brought the work into existence (authored, produced, or released it).";
+  rdfs:comment "An agent who brought the work into being, such as by writing, producing, or releasing it.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :attribution;
-  :domainIncludes :CreativeWork;
-  :rangeIncludes :Agent .
+  rdfs:domain :CreativeWork;
+  rdfs:range :Agent;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:creator .
 
-:ReadAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent read the :object — a book, an article, a document. Opens or extends the agent's :consuming run over it.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction .
-:QuoteAction a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "The agent selected a passage of the :object — a highlight in a book or document, an excerpt from a page. Its :result is the :Quotation carrying the text and its position via :selector.";
+:ReadAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent read the :object, such as a book, an article, or a document.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumeAction;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:ReadAction .
+:QuoteAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent selected a passage of the :object, such as a highlight in a book or an excerpt from a page. Its :result is the :Quotation.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :CreateAction .
-:Quotation a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A passage selected from a work — a highlight, an excerpt. Carries the text as :body, its position in the work via :selector, and, for a visual annotation, its :annotationStyle and :color. The :result of a :QuoteAction.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
+:Quotation a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A passage selected from a work, such as a highlight or an excerpt. Its :body is the text, and its :selector gives its position. A visual annotation also has an :annotationStyle and a :color.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Quotation .
 
-:Category a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A classification drawn from a fixed set of kinds, as distinct from a free-form :Tag.";
+:Category a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A classification from a fixed set of kinds. A free-form label is a :Tag.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :DefinedTerm .
-:Selector a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A position within a resource — where a passage sits in a book, a page, or a media file. Carries a machine value (:selectorValue), a readable label (:selectorLabel), and a normalized position (:selectorProgress); the subclasses name the addressing scheme.";
+:Selector a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A position within a resource, such as where a passage is in a book, a page, or a media file. Its :selectorValue is for machines and its :selectorLabel is for people. The subclasses name the addressing scheme.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Intangible .
-:PageSelector a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A position in a paginated document, addressed by page number.";
+:PageSelector a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A position in a paginated document, given by page number.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Selector .
-:EpubCfiSelector a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A position in an EPUB, addressed by a Canonical Fragment Identifier.";
+:EpubCfiSelector a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A position in an EPUB, given by a Canonical Fragment Identifier.";
   rdfs:subClassOf :Selector .
-:Article a rdfs:Class;
-  rdfs:comment "A written piece published on the web or in a periodical — a news story, a blog post, a feed item.";
-  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
-:snapshotOf a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The resource this media is a capture of: a screenshot or archive (the :result of a :ScreenshotAction or :ArchiveAction) points at the :Entity whose URL it captured at a moment. The referent is the addressed resource itself, the URL entity. Screenshot and archive are told apart by the media's type; being a snapshot is the role this edge confers.";
+:Article a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A written piece published on the web or in a periodical, such as a news story, a blog post, or a feed item.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
+  skos:broadMatch schemaorg:Article .
+:snapshotOf a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The resource this media captured at a moment, such as the web page in a screenshot or an archive. The value is the resource itself, the entity with the URL. The media's type tells a screenshot from an archive.";
   rdfs:subPropertyOf :relation;
-  :domainIncludes :MediaObject;
-  :rangeIncludes :Entity .
-:color a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "Color associated with the entity (hex or name).";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Quotation,
-    :Tag,
-    :Category;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:annotationStyle a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "Type of visual annotation (highlight, underline, strikethrough, squiggly, box, margin).";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Quotation;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:selector a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "Selectors identifying content position within a resource.";
-  :domainIncludes :Quotation;
-  :rangeIncludes :Selector .
-:selectorValue a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "The selector value string (EPUB CFI, media fragment, page number, etc.).";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Selector;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:selectorLabel a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "Human-readable location label such as pt3ch1p40, p215, or 23:43.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :Selector;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
+  rdfs:domain :MediaObject;
+  rdfs:range :Entity .
+:color a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "A color associated with the entity, as a hex code or a name, such as `#ffcc00` or `yellow`.";
+  rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class; owl:unionOf ( :Tag :Quotation :Category ) ];
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:color .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :color; sh:targetSubjectsOf :color; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:annotationStyle a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The kind of visual annotation, such as `highlight`, `underline`, `strikethrough`, `squiggly`, `box`, or `margin`.";
+  rdfs:domain :Quotation;
+  rdfs:range :Text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :annotationStyle; sh:targetSubjectsOf :annotationStyle; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:selector a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "A position of the quotation in its work.";
+  rdfs:domain :Quotation;
+  rdfs:range :Selector .
+:selectorValue a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The position as machines read it, such as an EPUB CFI, a media fragment, or a page number.";
+  rdfs:domain :Selector;
+  rdfs:range :Text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :selectorValue; sh:targetSubjectsOf :selectorValue; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:selectorLabel a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "The position as people read it, such as `pt3ch1p40`, `p215`, or `23:43`.";
+  rdfs:domain :Selector;
+  rdfs:range :Text .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :selectorLabel; sh:targetSubjectsOf :selectorLabel; sh:maxCount 1 .
 
-:tags a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "Tags for categorization or labeling.";
-  :domainIncludes :Entity;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
-:caption a rdf:Property;
-  rdfs:comment "A caption or description for the media content.";
-  owl:maxCardinality 1;
-  :domainIncludes :ImageObject;
-  :rangeIncludes :Text .
+:tags a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "A text label for the entity. A label that is an entity of its own is a :Tag.";
+  rdfs:domain :Entity;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:closeMatch schemaorg:keywords .
+:caption a owl:DatatypeProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "A caption or description of the image.";
+  rdfs:domain :ImageObject;
+  rdfs:range :Text;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:caption .
+[] a sh:PropertyShape; sh:path :caption; sh:targetSubjectsOf :caption; sh:maxCount 1 .
+:SoftwareSourceCode a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "Source code as a work, such as a snippet, a script, or a program's code.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:SoftwareSourceCode .
+:Repository a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A store of files and their history under version control, hosted on a forge or kept locally. It can hold source code, data, documents, or anything else. Work filed against it, such as tasks and changesets, :isPartOf it.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
+:Changeset a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A set of changes to a work, proposed or applied as a unit, that can be revised until it is decided, such as a pull request or a suggested edit to a document. It :isPartOf the work it changes. A :PublishAction puts it forward. An :AcceptAction, :RejectAction, or :CancelAction then decides it.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
+:AcceptAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent accepted what was put forward, such as merging a changeset into the work it changes. The :object is what was accepted.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:AcceptAction .
+:RejectAction a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "The agent declined what was put forward, such as closing a changeset without taking it in. The :object is what was declined.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :Action;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:RejectAction .
+:Revision a owl:Class;
+  rdfs:comment "A version of a work in its history, such as a commit to a repository or a revision of a document or wiki page. It :isPartOf the work and :isBasedOn the versions before it. The :UpdateAction whose :result it is records making it. A revision is a version, not a change. Its change is how it differs from the versions it is based on.";
+  rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeWork .
+:isBasedOn a owl:ObjectProperty;
+  rdfs:comment "A work this one was derived from, such as the earlier version a revision follows or the repository a fork was copied from.";
+  rdfs:subPropertyOf :relation;
+  skos:exactMatch schemaorg:isBasedOn;
+  rdfs:domain :CreativeWork;
+  rdfs:range :CreativeWork .