@cdxgen/cdxgen 13.5.0 → 13.6.0

package/lib/ecosystems/gemHostProbe.js

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+// Bounded, read-only inventory of the gems installed on a live host, for
+// `-t os` / obom. osquery has no table for RubyGems, so without this an OBOM
+// lists no gems at all: neither the default gems that ship with each Ruby
+// (resolv, net-http, uri, ...), nor what `gem install` and the distro's
+// ruby-* packages put in the system gem homes, nor the gems of the version
+// manager installs.
+//
+// Gem homes are found in fixed places, one wildcard level at a time: a
+// directory holding a `specifications` directory is a gem home. Only the
+// `*.gemspec` files under specifications/ and specifications/default/ are
+// read, statically; nothing is executed. A gemspec a package database lists is
+// marked with `cdx:os:installedBy`, so a consumer judges it by that package,
+// which may carry backported fixes under the same gem version.
+
+import { readdirSync, statSync } from "node:fs";
+import { join, posix, relative, sep, win32 } from "node:path";
+import process from "node:process";
+
+import { isDryRun, recordActivity } from "../core/activity.js";
+import { readRegularTextFile } from "../core/boundedFile.js";
+import { safeExistsSync } from "../core/fs.js";
+import { thoughtLog } from "../core/logger.js";
+import { findHostPathOwners } from "../inventory/hostRuntimeProbe.js";
+import {
+  expandDirectories,
+  homeDirectories,
+  windowsRubyRoots,
+} from "../inventory/rubyHostProbe.js";
+import { parseGemspecData } from "./rubyutils.js";
+
+const MAX_GEM_HOMES = 128;
+const MAX_GEMSPECS = 8192;
+const MAX_GEMSPEC_BYTES = 1024 * 1024;
+
+// Gem homes relative to the root.
+const ROOT_GEM_HOMES = {
+  linux: [
+    "usr/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+    "usr/lib64/ruby/gems/*",
+    "usr/share/gems",
+    // Debian and Ubuntu ruby-* packages register their gems here
+    "usr/share/rubygems-integration/*",
+    "usr/lib/*/rubygems-integration/*",
+    "usr/local/share/gems",
+    "var/lib/gems/*",
+    "usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+    "usr/local/bundle",
+    "opt/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+    "opt/rubies/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+    "opt/hostedtoolcache/Ruby/*/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+    "usr/local/rbenv/versions/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+    "usr/local/rvm/rubies/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+    "usr/local/rvm/gems/*",
+  ],
+  darwin: [
+    "Library/Ruby/Gems/*",
+    "usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+    "opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+    "opt/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+    "opt/rubies/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+  ],
+};
+
+// Gem homes relative to a home directory.
+const USER_GEM_HOMES = [
+  ".gem/ruby/*",
+  ".local/share/gem/ruby/*",
+  ".rbenv/versions/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+  ".rvm/rubies/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+  ".rvm/gems/*",
+  ".asdf/installs/ruby/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+  ".local/share/mise/installs/ruby/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+  ".rubies/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+  ".frum/versions/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+  ".local/share/rv/rubies/*/lib/ruby/gems/*",
+];
+
+function listGemspecs(directory) {
+  try {
+    return readdirSync(directory)
+      .filter((name) => name.endsWith(".gemspec"))
+      .sort();
+  } catch {
+    return [];
+  }
+}
+
+function isDirectory(path) {
+  try {
+    return statSync(path).isDirectory();
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The gem homes of a host, each a directory with a `specifications` directory.
+ *
+ * @param {string} rootPath root directory
+ * @param {string} platform `linux`, `darwin` or `win32`
+ * @returns {string[]} absolute gem home directories
+ */
+export function findGemHomes(rootPath, platform) {
+  const context = { rootPath, platform };
+  const candidates = [];
+  if (platform === "win32") {
+    for (const root of windowsRubyRoots(context)) {
+      candidates.push(...expandDirectories(root, "lib/ruby/gems/*"));
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (const pattern of ROOT_GEM_HOMES[platform] || []) {
+      candidates.push(...expandDirectories(rootPath, pattern));
+    }
+    for (const home of homeDirectories(context)) {
+      for (const pattern of USER_GEM_HOMES) {
+        candidates.push(...expandDirectories(home, pattern));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  const homes = [];
+  const seen = new Set();
+  for (const candidate of candidates) {
+    if (
+      seen.has(candidate) ||
+      !isDirectory(join(candidate, "specifications"))
+    ) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    seen.add(candidate);
+    homes.push(candidate);
+    if (homes.length >= MAX_GEM_HOMES) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return homes;
+}
+
+// The path as the host names it, for the package databases and evidence.
+function logicalPath(rootPath, platform, absolutePath) {
+  const parts = relative(rootPath, absolutePath).split(sep);
+  if (platform === "win32") {
+    return win32.join(rootPath, ...parts);
+  }
+  return posix.join("/", ...parts);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inventory the gems of a host's gem homes. One component per distinct gem
+ * and version, with an occurrence for each gemspec it was read from, so no
+ * host path reaches a purl.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] options
+ * @param {string} [options.rootPath="/"] root directory; tests point it at a built tree
+ * @param {string} [options.platform] `linux`, `darwin` or `win32`
+ * @param {function(string): (Object[]|undefined)} [options.executeOsQuery] runs
+ *   an osquery query, for rpm ownership
+ * @param {Object[]} [options.packageComponents] the OS packages the scan has
+ *   inventoried, which name the owners
+ * @param {Object} [options.packageDatabases] where the package databases are
+ * @returns {Promise<Object[]>} gem components
+ */
+export async function probeHostRubyGems(options = {}) {
+  const platform = options.platform || process.platform;
+  const rootPath =
+    options.rootPath ||
+    (platform === "win32" ? `${process.env.SystemDrive || "C:"}\\` : "/");
+  if (isDryRun) {
+    recordActivity({
+      capability: "ruby-gem-probe",
+      kind: "read",
+      reason:
+        "Dry run mode blocks the RubyGems probe, which reads gem specifications outside the project.",
+      status: "blocked",
+      target: rootPath,
+    });
+    return [];
+  }
+  if (!safeExistsSync(rootPath)) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const homes = findGemHomes(rootPath, platform);
+  const gemspecs = [];
+  for (const home of homes) {
+    for (const subdir of [
+      "specifications",
+      join("specifications", "default"),
+    ]) {
+      const directory = join(home, subdir);
+      for (const name of listGemspecs(directory)) {
+        if (gemspecs.length >= MAX_GEMSPECS) {
+          break;
+        }
+        const absolutePath = join(directory, name);
+        gemspecs.push({
+          absolutePath,
+          logical: logicalPath(rootPath, platform, absolutePath),
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (!gemspecs.length) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const { owners, unreadable } = findHostPathOwners(
+    { ...options, platform, rootPath },
+    gemspecs.map((gemspec) => gemspec.logical),
+  );
+  // An OBOM names a package once; its purl says how the distro named it.
+  const packagePurls = new Map();
+  for (const component of options.packageComponents || []) {
+    if (
+      component?.name &&
+      typeof component.purl === "string" &&
+      /^pkg:(deb|rpm|apk)\//.test(component.purl) &&
+      !packagePurls.has(component.name)
+    ) {
+      packagePurls.set(component.name, decodeURIComponent(component.purl));
+    }
+  }
+  const byRef = new Map();
+  for (const gemspec of gemspecs) {
+    // Only a regular file under the root, within the cap: any user can leave
+    // `~/.gem/ruby/*/specifications/x.gemspec -> /dev/zero` for a root scan.
+    const text = readRegularTextFile(
+      gemspec.absolutePath,
+      MAX_GEMSPEC_BYTES,
+      rootPath,
+    );
+    if (typeof text !== "string") {
+      continue;
+    }
+    // The gemspec files RubyGems writes on install are Ruby source, read here
+    // without evaluating them. Thousands of them are no reason to ask the
+    // registry about each.
+    const [pkg] = await parseGemspecData(text, gemspec.logical, {
+      noFetch: true,
+    });
+    if (!pkg?.name || !pkg.version || !pkg["bom-ref"]) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const owner = owners.get(gemspec.logical);
+    // cdx:os:installedBy holds a purl, as everywhere else; an owner the
+    // OBOM did not list cannot be named by one.
+    const ownerRef = owner ? packagePurls.get(owner.packageName) : undefined;
+    let component = byRef.get(pkg["bom-ref"]);
+    if (!component) {
+      component = pkg;
+      component.evidence = {
+        ...(component.evidence || {}),
+        occurrences: [],
+      };
+      byRef.set(pkg["bom-ref"], component);
+    }
+    component.properties = component.properties || [];
+    if (
+      ownerRef &&
+      !component.properties.some(
+        (prop) => prop.name === "cdx:os:installedBy" && prop.value === ownerRef,
+      )
+    ) {
+      component.properties.push({
+        name: "cdx:os:installedBy",
+        value: ownerRef,
+      });
+    }
+    if (
+      !component.evidence.occurrences.some(
+        (occurrence) => occurrence.location === gemspec.logical,
+      )
+    ) {
+      component.evidence.occurrences.push({ location: gemspec.logical });
+    }
+  }
+  // A gem a package owns in one gem home and `gem install` put in another is
+  // not wholly that package's, so it keeps no owner.
+  for (const component of byRef.values()) {
+    const owned = component.evidence.occurrences.every((occurrence) =>
+      owners.has(occurrence.location),
+    );
+    if (!owned) {
+      component.properties = component.properties.filter(
+        (prop) => prop.name !== "cdx:os:installedBy",
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  recordActivity({
+    capability: "ruby-gem-probe",
+    kind: "read",
+    reason: `Read ${gemspecs.length} gemspec(s) from ${homes.length} gem home(s) in the fixed places${unreadable.length ? `; the ${unreadable.join(", ")} database could not be read in full, so gem ownership is incomplete` : ""}.`,
+    status: "completed",
+    target: rootPath,
+  });
+  if (byRef.size) {
+    thoughtLog(
+      `I found ${byRef.size} gem(s) in ${homes.length} gem home(s) on this host.`,
+    );
+  }
+  return Array.from(byRef.values()).sort((a, b) =>
+    a["bom-ref"] < b["bom-ref"] ? -1 : a["bom-ref"] > b["bom-ref"] ? 1 : 0,
+  );
+}