@capacitor-community/bluetooth-le 7.3.0 → 8.0.0-0

package/android/src/main/java/com/capacitorjs/community/plugins/bluetoothle/Device.kt

@@ -1,771 +1,771 @@
-package com.capacitorjs.community.plugins.bluetoothle
-
-import android.annotation.SuppressLint
-import android.annotation.TargetApi
-import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter
-import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice
-import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt
-import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback
-import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic
-import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor
-import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService
-import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile
-import android.bluetooth.BluetoothStatusCodes
-import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
-import android.content.Context
-import android.content.Intent
-import android.content.IntentFilter
-import android.os.Build
-import android.os.Handler
-import android.os.HandlerThread
-import android.os.Looper
-import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
-import com.getcapacitor.Logger
-import java.util.Collections
-import java.util.UUID
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue
-
-class CallbackResponse(
-    val success: Boolean,
-    val value: String,
-)
-
-class TimeoutHandler(
-    val key: String,
-    val handler: Handler
-)
-
-fun <T> ConcurrentLinkedQueue<T>.popFirstMatch(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): T? {
-    synchronized(this) {
-        val iterator = this.iterator()
-        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
-            val nextItem = iterator.next()
-            if (predicate(nextItem)) {
-                iterator.remove()
-                return nextItem
-            }
-        }
-        return null
-    }
-}
-
-@SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
-class Device(
-    private val context: Context,
-    bluetoothAdapter: BluetoothAdapter,
-    private val address: String,
-    private val onDisconnect: () -> Unit
-) {
-    companion object {
-        private val TAG = Device::class.java.simpleName
-        private const val STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0
-        private const val STATE_CONNECTING = 1
-        private const val STATE_CONNECTED = 2
-        private const val CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG = "00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
-        private const val REQUEST_MTU = 512
-    }
-
-    private var connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED
-    private var device: BluetoothDevice = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address)
-    private var bluetoothGatt: BluetoothGatt? = null
-    private var callbackMap = HashMap<String, ((CallbackResponse) -> Unit)>()
-    private val timeoutQueue = ConcurrentLinkedQueue<TimeoutHandler>()
-    private var bondStateReceiver: BroadcastReceiver? = null
-    private val pendingBondKeys = Collections.newSetFromMap(ConcurrentHashMap<String, Boolean>())
-    private var currentMtu = -1
-
-    private lateinit var callbacksHandlerThread: HandlerThread
-    private lateinit var callbacksHandler: Handler
-
-    private fun initializeCallbacksHandlerThread() {
-        synchronized(this) {
-            callbacksHandlerThread = HandlerThread("Callbacks thread")
-            callbacksHandlerThread.start()
-            callbacksHandler = Handler(callbacksHandlerThread.looper)
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun cleanupCallbacksHandlerThread() {
-        synchronized(this) {
-            if (::callbacksHandlerThread.isInitialized) {
-                callbacksHandlerThread.quitSafely()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun cleanup() {
-        synchronized(this) {
-            bondStateReceiver?.let { receiver ->
-                try {
-                    context.unregisterReceiver(receiver)
-                } catch (e: IllegalArgumentException) {
-                    Logger.debug(TAG, "Bond state receiver already unregistered")
-                }
-                bondStateReceiver = null
-            }
-
-            pendingBondKeys.clear()
-            cleanupCallbacksHandlerThread()
-        }
-    }
-
-    private val gattCallback: BluetoothGattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() {
-        override fun onConnectionStateChange(
-            gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int, newState: Int
-        ) {
-            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
-                connectionState = STATE_CONNECTED
-                // service discovery is required to use services
-                Logger.debug(TAG, "Connected to GATT server. Starting service discovery.")
-                val result = bluetoothGatt?.discoverServices()
-                if (result != true) {
-                    reject("connect", "Starting service discovery failed.")
-                }
-            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
-                connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED
-                onDisconnect()
-                bluetoothGatt?.close()
-                bluetoothGatt = null
-                Logger.debug(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.")
-                cleanup()
-                resolve("disconnect", "Disconnected.")
-            }
-        }
-
-        override fun onServicesDiscovered(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, status: Int) {
-            super.onServicesDiscovered(gatt, status)
-            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
-                resolve("discoverServices", "Services discovered.")
-                if (connectCallOngoing()) {
-                    // Try requesting a larger MTU. Maximally supported MTU will be selected.
-                    requestMtu(REQUEST_MTU)
-                }
-            } else {
-                reject("discoverServices", "Service discovery failed.")
-                reject("connect", "Service discovery failed.")
-            }
-        }
-
-        override fun onMtuChanged(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, mtu: Int, status: Int) {
-            super.onMtuChanged(gatt, mtu, status)
-            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
-                currentMtu = mtu
-                Logger.debug(TAG, "MTU changed: $mtu")
-            } else {
-                Logger.debug(TAG, "MTU change failed: $mtu")
-            }
-            resolve("connect", "Connected.")
-        }
-
-        override fun onReadRemoteRssi(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, rssi: Int, status: Int) {
-            super.onReadRemoteRssi(gatt, rssi, status)
-            val key = "readRssi"
-            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
-                resolve(key, rssi.toString())
-            } else {
-                reject(key, "Reading RSSI failed.")
-            }
-        }
-
-        @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-        override fun onCharacteristicRead(
-            gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, status: Int
-        ) {
-            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
-                // handled by new callback below
-                return
-            }
-            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using deprecated onCharacteristicRead.")
-            super.onCharacteristicRead(gatt, characteristic, status)
-            val key = "read|${characteristic.service.uuid}|${characteristic.uuid}"
-            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
-                val data = characteristic.value
-                if (data != null) {
-                    val value = bytesToString(data)
-                    resolve(key, value)
-                } else {
-                    reject(key, "No data received while reading characteristic.")
-                }
-            } else {
-                reject(key, "Reading characteristic failed.")
-            }
-        }
-
-        @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-        override fun onCharacteristicRead(
-            gatt: BluetoothGatt,
-            characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic,
-            data: ByteArray,
-            status: Int
-        ) {
-            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using onCharacteristicRead from API level 33.")
-            super.onCharacteristicRead(gatt, characteristic, data, status)
-            val key = "read|${characteristic.service.uuid}|${characteristic.uuid}"
-            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
-                val value = bytesToString(data)
-                resolve(key, value)
-            } else {
-                reject(key, "Reading characteristic failed.")
-            }
-        }
-
-        override fun onCharacteristicWrite(
-            gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, status: Int
-        ) {
-            super.onCharacteristicWrite(gatt, characteristic, status)
-            val key = "write|${characteristic.service.uuid}|${characteristic.uuid}"
-            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
-                resolve(key, "Characteristic successfully written.")
-            } else {
-                reject(key, "Writing characteristic failed.")
-            }
-
-        }
-
-        @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-        override fun onCharacteristicChanged(
-            gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic
-        ) {
-            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
-                // handled by new callback below
-                return
-            }
-            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using deprecated onCharacteristicChanged.")
-            super.onCharacteristicChanged(gatt, characteristic)
-            val notifyKey = "notification|${characteristic.service.uuid}|${characteristic.uuid}"
-            val data = characteristic.value
-            if (data != null) {
-                val value = bytesToString(data)
-                callbackMap[notifyKey]?.invoke(CallbackResponse(true, value))
-            }
-        }
-
-        @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-        override fun onCharacteristicChanged(
-            gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, data: ByteArray
-        ) {
-            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using onCharacteristicChanged from API level 33.")
-            super.onCharacteristicChanged(gatt, characteristic, data)
-            val notifyKey = "notification|${characteristic.service.uuid}|${characteristic.uuid}"
-            val value = bytesToString(data)
-            callbackMap[notifyKey]?.invoke(CallbackResponse(true, value))
-        }
-
-        @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-        override fun onDescriptorRead(
-            gatt: BluetoothGatt, descriptor: BluetoothGattDescriptor, status: Int
-        ) {
-            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
-                // handled by new callback below
-                return
-            }
-            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using deprecated onDescriptorRead.")
-            super.onDescriptorRead(gatt, descriptor, status)
-            val key =
-                "readDescriptor|${descriptor.characteristic.service.uuid}|${descriptor.characteristic.uuid}|${descriptor.uuid}"
-            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
-                val data = descriptor.value
-                if (data != null) {
-                    val value = bytesToString(data)
-                    resolve(key, value)
-                } else {
-                    reject(key, "No data received while reading descriptor.")
-                }
-            } else {
-                reject(key, "Reading descriptor failed.")
-            }
-        }
-
-        @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-        override fun onDescriptorRead(
-            gatt: BluetoothGatt, descriptor: BluetoothGattDescriptor, status: Int, data: ByteArray
-        ) {
-            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using onDescriptorRead from API level 33.")
-            super.onDescriptorRead(gatt, descriptor, status, data)
-            val key =
-                "readDescriptor|${descriptor.characteristic.service.uuid}|${descriptor.characteristic.uuid}|${descriptor.uuid}"
-            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
-                val value = bytesToString(data)
-                resolve(key, value)
-            } else {
-                reject(key, "Reading descriptor failed.")
-            }
-        }
-
-        override fun onDescriptorWrite(
-            gatt: BluetoothGatt, descriptor: BluetoothGattDescriptor, status: Int
-        ) {
-            super.onDescriptorWrite(gatt, descriptor, status)
-            val key =
-                "writeDescriptor|${descriptor.characteristic.service.uuid}|${descriptor.characteristic.uuid}|${descriptor.uuid}"
-            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
-                resolve(key, "Descriptor successfully written.")
-            } else {
-                reject(key, "Writing descriptor failed.")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun getId(): String {
-        return address
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Actions that will be executed (see gattCallback)
-     * - connect to gatt server
-     * - discover services
-     * - request MTU
-     */
-    fun connect(
-        timeout: Long, callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
-    ) {
-        val key = "connect"
-        callbackMap[key] = callback
-        if (isConnected()) {
-            resolve(key, "Already connected.")
-            return
-        }
-        bluetoothGatt?.close()
-        connectionState = STATE_CONNECTING
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
-            initializeCallbacksHandlerThread()
-            bluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(
-                context,
-                false,
-                gattCallback,
-                BluetoothDevice.TRANSPORT_LE,
-                BluetoothDevice.PHY_OPTION_NO_PREFERRED,
-                callbacksHandler
-            )
-        } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
-            bluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(
-                context, false, gattCallback, BluetoothDevice.TRANSPORT_LE
-            )
-        } else {
-            bluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(
-                context, false, gattCallback
-            )
-        }
-        setConnectionTimeout(key, "Connection timeout.", bluetoothGatt, timeout)
-    }
-
-    private fun connectCallOngoing(): Boolean {
-        return callbackMap.containsKey("connect")
-    }
-
-    fun isConnected(): Boolean {
-        return bluetoothGatt != null && connectionState == STATE_CONNECTED
-    }
-
-    private fun requestMtu(mtu: Int) {
-        Logger.debug(TAG, "requestMtu $mtu")
-        val result = bluetoothGatt?.requestMtu(mtu)
-        if (result != true) {
-            reject("connect", "Starting requestMtu failed.")
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun getMtu(): Int {
-        return currentMtu
-    }
-
-    fun requestConnectionPriority(connectionPriority: Int): Boolean {
-        return bluetoothGatt?.requestConnectionPriority(connectionPriority) ?: false
-    }
-
-    fun createBond(timeout: Long, callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit) {
-        val key = "createBond"
-        callbackMap[key] = callback
-
-        // Check if already bonded first to avoid race condition
-        if (isBonded()) {
-            resolve(key, "Creating bond succeeded.")
-            return
-        }
-
-        try {
-            ensureBondStateReceiverRegistered()
-        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Logger.error(TAG, "Error while registering bondStateReceiver: ${e.localizedMessage}", e)
-            reject(key, "Creating bond failed.")
-            return
-        }
-        val result = device.createBond()
-        if (!result) {
-            reject(key, "Creating bond failed.")
-            return
-        }
-        // Wait for bond state change
-        setTimeout(key, "Bonding timeout.", timeout)
-    }
-
-    private fun ensureBondStateReceiverRegistered() {
-        synchronized(this) {
-            if (bondStateReceiver != null) return
-
-            bondStateReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
-                override fun onReceive(ctx: Context, intent: Intent) {
-                    if (intent.action == BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED) {
-                        val updatedDevice =
-                            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
-                                intent.getParcelableExtra(
-                                    BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE,
-                                    BluetoothDevice::class.java
-                                )
-                            } else {
-                                intent.getParcelableExtra<BluetoothDevice>(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE)
-                            }
-
-                        // BroadcastReceiver receives bond state updates from all devices, need to filter by device
-                        if (device.address == updatedDevice?.address) {
-                            val prev = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_PREVIOUS_BOND_STATE, -1)
-                            val state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, -1)
-                            Logger.debug(TAG, "Bond state transition $prev -> $state")
-
-                            // Handle createBond callback
-                            if (callbackMap.containsKey("createBond")) {
-                                if (state == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
-                                    resolve("createBond", "Creating bond succeeded.")
-                                } else if (prev == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING && state == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) {
-                                    reject("createBond", "Creating bond failed.")
-                                } else if (state == -1) {
-                                    reject("createBond", "Creating bond failed.")
-                                }
-                            }
-
-                            // Handle setNotifications callbacks (only for operations waiting on bonding)
-                            if (prev == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING && state == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) {
-                                val keysToReject = pendingBondKeys.toList()
-                                pendingBondKeys.clear()
-                                keysToReject.forEach { key ->
-                                    reject(key, "Pairing request was cancelled by the user.")
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            try {
-                val intentFilter = IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)
-                context.registerReceiver(bondStateReceiver, intentFilter)
-            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                Logger.error(TAG, "Error registering bond state receiver: ${e.localizedMessage}", e)
-                bondStateReceiver = null
-                throw e
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun isBonded(): Boolean {
-        return device.bondState == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED
-    }
-
-    fun disconnect(
-        timeout: Long, callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
-    ) {
-        val key = "disconnect"
-        callbackMap[key] = callback
-        if (bluetoothGatt == null) {
-            resolve(key, "Disconnected.")
-            return
-        }
-        bluetoothGatt?.disconnect()
-        setTimeout(key, "Disconnection timeout.", timeout)
-    }
-
-    fun getServices(): MutableList<BluetoothGattService> {
-        return bluetoothGatt?.services ?: mutableListOf()
-    }
-
-    fun discoverServices(
-        timeout: Long, callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
-    ) {
-        val key = "discoverServices"
-        callbackMap[key] = callback
-        refreshDeviceCache()
-        val result = bluetoothGatt?.discoverServices()
-        if (result != true) {
-            reject(key, "Service discovery failed.")
-            return
-        }
-        setTimeout(key, "Service discovery timeout.", timeout)
-    }
-
-    private fun refreshDeviceCache(): Boolean {
-        var result = false
-
-        try {
-            if (bluetoothGatt != null) {
-                val refresh = bluetoothGatt!!.javaClass.getMethod("refresh")
-                result = (refresh.invoke(bluetoothGatt) as Boolean)
-            }
-        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Logger.error(TAG, "Error while refreshing device cache: ${e.localizedMessage}", e)
-        }
-
-        Logger.debug(TAG, "Device cache refresh $result")
-        return result
-    }
-
-    fun readRssi(
-        timeout: Long, callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
-    ) {
-        val key = "readRssi"
-        callbackMap[key] = callback
-        val result = bluetoothGatt?.readRemoteRssi()
-        if (result != true) {
-            reject(key, "Reading RSSI failed.")
-            return
-        }
-        setTimeout(key, "Reading RSSI timeout.", timeout)
-    }
-
-    fun read(
-        serviceUUID: UUID,
-        characteristicUUID: UUID,
-        timeout: Long,
-        callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
-    ) {
-        val key = "read|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID"
-        callbackMap[key] = callback
-        val service = bluetoothGatt?.getService(serviceUUID)
-        val characteristic = service?.getCharacteristic(characteristicUUID)
-        if (characteristic == null) {
-            reject(key, "Characteristic not found.")
-            return
-        }
-        val result = bluetoothGatt?.readCharacteristic(characteristic)
-        if (result != true) {
-            reject(key, "Reading characteristic failed.")
-            return
-        }
-        setTimeout(key, "Read timeout.", timeout)
-    }
-
-    fun write(
-        serviceUUID: UUID,
-        characteristicUUID: UUID,
-        value: String,
-        writeType: Int,
-        timeout: Long,
-        callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
-    ) {
-        val key = "write|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID"
-        callbackMap[key] = callback
-        val service = bluetoothGatt?.getService(serviceUUID)
-        val characteristic = service?.getCharacteristic(characteristicUUID)
-        if (characteristic == null) {
-            reject(key, "Characteristic not found.")
-            return
-        }
-        val bytes = stringToBytes(value)
-
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
-            val statusCode = bluetoothGatt?.writeCharacteristic(characteristic, bytes, writeType)
-            if (statusCode != BluetoothStatusCodes.SUCCESS) {
-                reject(key, "Writing characteristic failed with status code $statusCode.")
-                return
-            }
-        } else {
-            characteristic.value = bytes
-            characteristic.writeType = writeType
-            val result = bluetoothGatt?.writeCharacteristic(characteristic)
-            if (result != true) {
-                reject(key, "Writing characteristic failed.")
-                return
-            }
-        }
-        setTimeout(key, "Write timeout.", timeout)
-    }
-
-    fun setNotifications(
-        serviceUUID: UUID,
-        characteristicUUID: UUID,
-        enable: Boolean,
-        notifyCallback: ((CallbackResponse) -> Unit)?,
-        timeout: Long,
-        callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit,
-    ) {
-        val key = "writeDescriptor|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID|$CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG"
-        val notifyKey = "notification|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID"
-        callbackMap[key] = callback
-        if (notifyCallback != null) {
-            callbackMap[notifyKey] = notifyCallback
-        }
-        val service = bluetoothGatt?.getService(serviceUUID)
-        val characteristic = service?.getCharacteristic(characteristicUUID)
-        if (characteristic == null) {
-            reject(key, "Characteristic not found.")
-            return
-        }
-
-        val result = bluetoothGatt?.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enable)
-        if (result != true) {
-            reject(key, "Setting notification failed.")
-            return
-        }
-
-        val descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG))
-        if (descriptor == null) {
-            reject(key, "Setting notification failed.")
-            return
-        }
-
-        val value = if (enable) {
-            if ((characteristic.properties and BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY) != 0) {
-                BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
-            } else if ((characteristic.properties and BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE) != 0) {
-                BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_INDICATION_VALUE
-            } else {
-                BluetoothGattDescriptor.DISABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
-            }
-        } else {
-            BluetoothGattDescriptor.DISABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
-        }
-
-        // Track this operation as potentially needing bonding
-        if (!isBonded()) {
-            try {
-                ensureBondStateReceiverRegistered()
-                pendingBondKeys.add(key)
-            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                // Don't fail the notification attempt just because bonding
-                // can't be tracked. The call will still timeout if bonding is
-                // required for some reason
-                Logger.warn(TAG, "Error while registering bondStateReceiver: ${e.localizedMessage}")
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
-            val statusCode = bluetoothGatt?.writeDescriptor(descriptor, value)
-            if (statusCode != BluetoothStatusCodes.SUCCESS) {
-                reject(key, "Setting notification failed with status code $statusCode.")
-                return
-            }
-        } else {
-            descriptor.value = value
-            val resultDesc = bluetoothGatt?.writeDescriptor(descriptor)
-            if (resultDesc != true) {
-                reject(key, "Setting notification failed.")
-                return
-            }
-
-        }
-        setTimeout(key, "Setting notification timeout.", timeout)
-        // wait for onDescriptorWrite
-    }
-
-    fun readDescriptor(
-        serviceUUID: UUID,
-        characteristicUUID: UUID,
-        descriptorUUID: UUID,
-        timeout: Long,
-        callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
-    ) {
-        val key = "readDescriptor|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID|$descriptorUUID"
-        callbackMap[key] = callback
-        val service = bluetoothGatt?.getService(serviceUUID)
-        val characteristic = service?.getCharacteristic(characteristicUUID)
-        if (characteristic == null) {
-            reject(key, "Characteristic not found.")
-            return
-        }
-        val descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(descriptorUUID)
-        if (descriptor == null) {
-            reject(key, "Descriptor not found.")
-            return
-        }
-        val result = bluetoothGatt?.readDescriptor(descriptor)
-        if (result != true) {
-            reject(key, "Reading descriptor failed.")
-            return
-        }
-        setTimeout(key, "Read descriptor timeout.", timeout)
-    }
-
-    fun writeDescriptor(
-        serviceUUID: UUID,
-        characteristicUUID: UUID,
-        descriptorUUID: UUID,
-        value: String,
-        timeout: Long,
-        callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
-    ) {
-        val key = "writeDescriptor|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID|$descriptorUUID"
-        callbackMap[key] = callback
-        val service = bluetoothGatt?.getService(serviceUUID)
-        val characteristic = service?.getCharacteristic(characteristicUUID)
-        if (characteristic == null) {
-            reject(key, "Characteristic not found.")
-            return
-        }
-        val descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(descriptorUUID)
-        if (descriptor == null) {
-            reject(key, "Descriptor not found.")
-            return
-        }
-        val bytes = stringToBytes(value)
-
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
-            val statusCode = bluetoothGatt?.writeDescriptor(descriptor, bytes)
-            if (statusCode != BluetoothStatusCodes.SUCCESS) {
-                reject(key, "Writing descriptor failed with status code $statusCode.")
-                return
-            }
-        } else {
-            descriptor.value = bytes
-            val result = bluetoothGatt?.writeDescriptor(descriptor)
-            if (result != true) {
-                reject(key, "Writing descriptor failed.")
-                return
-            }
-        }
-        setTimeout(key, "Write timeout.", timeout)
-    }
-
-    private fun resolve(key: String, value: String) {
-        pendingBondKeys.remove(key)
-        callbackMap.remove(key)?.let { callback ->
-            Logger.debug(TAG, "resolve: $key $value")
-            timeoutQueue.popFirstMatch { it.key == key }?.handler?.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null)
-            callback?.invoke(CallbackResponse(true, value))
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun reject(key: String, value: String) {
-        pendingBondKeys.remove(key)
-        callbackMap.remove(key)?.let { callback ->
-            Logger.debug(TAG, "reject: $key $value")
-            timeoutQueue.popFirstMatch { it.key == key }?.handler?.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null)
-            callback?.invoke(CallbackResponse(false, value))
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun setTimeout(
-        key: String, message: String, timeout: Long
-    ) {
-        val handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
-        timeoutQueue.add(TimeoutHandler(key, handler))
-        handler.postDelayed({
-            reject(key, message)
-        }, timeout)
-    }
-
-    private fun setConnectionTimeout(
-        key: String,
-        message: String,
-        gatt: BluetoothGatt?,
-        timeout: Long,
-    ) {
-        val handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
-        timeoutQueue.add(TimeoutHandler(key, handler))
-        handler.postDelayed({
-            connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED
-            gatt?.disconnect()
-            gatt?.close()
-            cleanup()
-            reject(key, message)
-        }, timeout)
-    }
-}
+package com.capacitorjs.community.plugins.bluetoothle
+
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
+import android.annotation.TargetApi
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothStatusCodes
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.content.IntentFilter
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Looper
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
+import com.getcapacitor.Logger
+import java.util.Collections
+import java.util.UUID
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue
+
+class CallbackResponse(
+    val success: Boolean,
+    val value: String,
+)
+
+class TimeoutHandler(
+    val key: String,
+    val handler: Handler
+)
+
+fun <T> ConcurrentLinkedQueue<T>.popFirstMatch(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): T? {
+    synchronized(this) {
+        val iterator = this.iterator()
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            val nextItem = iterator.next()
+            if (predicate(nextItem)) {
+                iterator.remove()
+                return nextItem
+            }
+        }
+        return null
+    }
+}
+
+@SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
+class Device(
+    private val context: Context,
+    bluetoothAdapter: BluetoothAdapter,
+    private val address: String,
+    private val onDisconnect: () -> Unit
+) {
+    companion object {
+        private val TAG = Device::class.java.simpleName
+        private const val STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0
+        private const val STATE_CONNECTING = 1
+        private const val STATE_CONNECTED = 2
+        private const val CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG = "00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
+        private const val REQUEST_MTU = 512
+    }
+
+    private var connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED
+    private var device: BluetoothDevice = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address)
+    private var bluetoothGatt: BluetoothGatt? = null
+    private var callbackMap = HashMap<String, ((CallbackResponse) -> Unit)>()
+    private val timeoutQueue = ConcurrentLinkedQueue<TimeoutHandler>()
+    private var bondStateReceiver: BroadcastReceiver? = null
+    private val pendingBondKeys = Collections.newSetFromMap(ConcurrentHashMap<String, Boolean>())
+    private var currentMtu = -1
+
+    private lateinit var callbacksHandlerThread: HandlerThread
+    private lateinit var callbacksHandler: Handler
+
+    private fun initializeCallbacksHandlerThread() {
+        synchronized(this) {
+            callbacksHandlerThread = HandlerThread("Callbacks thread")
+            callbacksHandlerThread.start()
+            callbacksHandler = Handler(callbacksHandlerThread.looper)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun cleanupCallbacksHandlerThread() {
+        synchronized(this) {
+            if (::callbacksHandlerThread.isInitialized) {
+                callbacksHandlerThread.quitSafely()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun cleanup() {
+        synchronized(this) {
+            bondStateReceiver?.let { receiver ->
+                try {
+                    context.unregisterReceiver(receiver)
+                } catch (e: IllegalArgumentException) {
+                    Logger.debug(TAG, "Bond state receiver already unregistered")
+                }
+                bondStateReceiver = null
+            }
+
+            pendingBondKeys.clear()
+            cleanupCallbacksHandlerThread()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private val gattCallback: BluetoothGattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() {
+        override fun onConnectionStateChange(
+            gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int, newState: Int
+        ) {
+            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
+                connectionState = STATE_CONNECTED
+                // service discovery is required to use services
+                Logger.debug(TAG, "Connected to GATT server. Starting service discovery.")
+                val result = bluetoothGatt?.discoverServices()
+                if (result != true) {
+                    reject("connect", "Starting service discovery failed.")
+                }
+            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
+                connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED
+                onDisconnect()
+                bluetoothGatt?.close()
+                bluetoothGatt = null
+                Logger.debug(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.")
+                cleanup()
+                resolve("disconnect", "Disconnected.")
+            }
+        }
+
+        override fun onServicesDiscovered(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, status: Int) {
+            super.onServicesDiscovered(gatt, status)
+            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
+                resolve("discoverServices", "Services discovered.")
+                if (connectCallOngoing()) {
+                    // Try requesting a larger MTU. Maximally supported MTU will be selected.
+                    requestMtu(REQUEST_MTU)
+                }
+            } else {
+                reject("discoverServices", "Service discovery failed.")
+                reject("connect", "Service discovery failed.")
+            }
+        }
+
+        override fun onMtuChanged(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, mtu: Int, status: Int) {
+            super.onMtuChanged(gatt, mtu, status)
+            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
+                currentMtu = mtu
+                Logger.debug(TAG, "MTU changed: $mtu")
+            } else {
+                Logger.debug(TAG, "MTU change failed: $mtu")
+            }
+            resolve("connect", "Connected.")
+        }
+
+        override fun onReadRemoteRssi(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, rssi: Int, status: Int) {
+            super.onReadRemoteRssi(gatt, rssi, status)
+            val key = "readRssi"
+            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
+                resolve(key, rssi.toString())
+            } else {
+                reject(key, "Reading RSSI failed.")
+            }
+        }
+
+        @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+        override fun onCharacteristicRead(
+            gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, status: Int
+        ) {
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+                // handled by new callback below
+                return
+            }
+            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using deprecated onCharacteristicRead.")
+            super.onCharacteristicRead(gatt, characteristic, status)
+            val key = "read|${characteristic.service.uuid}|${characteristic.uuid}"
+            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
+                val data = characteristic.value
+                if (data != null) {
+                    val value = bytesToString(data)
+                    resolve(key, value)
+                } else {
+                    reject(key, "No data received while reading characteristic.")
+                }
+            } else {
+                reject(key, "Reading characteristic failed.")
+            }
+        }
+
+        @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+        override fun onCharacteristicRead(
+            gatt: BluetoothGatt,
+            characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic,
+            data: ByteArray,
+            status: Int
+        ) {
+            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using onCharacteristicRead from API level 33.")
+            super.onCharacteristicRead(gatt, characteristic, data, status)
+            val key = "read|${characteristic.service.uuid}|${characteristic.uuid}"
+            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
+                val value = bytesToString(data)
+                resolve(key, value)
+            } else {
+                reject(key, "Reading characteristic failed.")
+            }
+        }
+
+        override fun onCharacteristicWrite(
+            gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, status: Int
+        ) {
+            super.onCharacteristicWrite(gatt, characteristic, status)
+            val key = "write|${characteristic.service.uuid}|${characteristic.uuid}"
+            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
+                resolve(key, "Characteristic successfully written.")
+            } else {
+                reject(key, "Writing characteristic failed.")
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+        override fun onCharacteristicChanged(
+            gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic
+        ) {
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+                // handled by new callback below
+                return
+            }
+            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using deprecated onCharacteristicChanged.")
+            super.onCharacteristicChanged(gatt, characteristic)
+            val notifyKey = "notification|${characteristic.service.uuid}|${characteristic.uuid}"
+            val data = characteristic.value
+            if (data != null) {
+                val value = bytesToString(data)
+                callbackMap[notifyKey]?.invoke(CallbackResponse(true, value))
+            }
+        }
+
+        @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+        override fun onCharacteristicChanged(
+            gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, data: ByteArray
+        ) {
+            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using onCharacteristicChanged from API level 33.")
+            super.onCharacteristicChanged(gatt, characteristic, data)
+            val notifyKey = "notification|${characteristic.service.uuid}|${characteristic.uuid}"
+            val value = bytesToString(data)
+            callbackMap[notifyKey]?.invoke(CallbackResponse(true, value))
+        }
+
+        @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+        override fun onDescriptorRead(
+            gatt: BluetoothGatt, descriptor: BluetoothGattDescriptor, status: Int
+        ) {
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+                // handled by new callback below
+                return
+            }
+            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using deprecated onDescriptorRead.")
+            super.onDescriptorRead(gatt, descriptor, status)
+            val key =
+                "readDescriptor|${descriptor.characteristic.service.uuid}|${descriptor.characteristic.uuid}|${descriptor.uuid}"
+            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
+                val data = descriptor.value
+                if (data != null) {
+                    val value = bytesToString(data)
+                    resolve(key, value)
+                } else {
+                    reject(key, "No data received while reading descriptor.")
+                }
+            } else {
+                reject(key, "Reading descriptor failed.")
+            }
+        }
+
+        @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+        override fun onDescriptorRead(
+            gatt: BluetoothGatt, descriptor: BluetoothGattDescriptor, status: Int, data: ByteArray
+        ) {
+            Logger.verbose(TAG, "Using onDescriptorRead from API level 33.")
+            super.onDescriptorRead(gatt, descriptor, status, data)
+            val key =
+                "readDescriptor|${descriptor.characteristic.service.uuid}|${descriptor.characteristic.uuid}|${descriptor.uuid}"
+            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
+                val value = bytesToString(data)
+                resolve(key, value)
+            } else {
+                reject(key, "Reading descriptor failed.")
+            }
+        }
+
+        override fun onDescriptorWrite(
+            gatt: BluetoothGatt, descriptor: BluetoothGattDescriptor, status: Int
+        ) {
+            super.onDescriptorWrite(gatt, descriptor, status)
+            val key =
+                "writeDescriptor|${descriptor.characteristic.service.uuid}|${descriptor.characteristic.uuid}|${descriptor.uuid}"
+            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
+                resolve(key, "Descriptor successfully written.")
+            } else {
+                reject(key, "Writing descriptor failed.")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun getId(): String {
+        return address
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Actions that will be executed (see gattCallback)
+     * - connect to gatt server
+     * - discover services
+     * - request MTU
+     */
+    fun connect(
+        timeout: Long, callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
+    ) {
+        val key = "connect"
+        callbackMap[key] = callback
+        if (isConnected()) {
+            resolve(key, "Already connected.")
+            return
+        }
+        bluetoothGatt?.close()
+        connectionState = STATE_CONNECTING
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
+            initializeCallbacksHandlerThread()
+            bluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(
+                context,
+                false,
+                gattCallback,
+                BluetoothDevice.TRANSPORT_LE,
+                BluetoothDevice.PHY_OPTION_NO_PREFERRED,
+                callbacksHandler
+            )
+        } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
+            bluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(
+                context, false, gattCallback, BluetoothDevice.TRANSPORT_LE
+            )
+        } else {
+            bluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(
+                context, false, gattCallback
+            )
+        }
+        setConnectionTimeout(key, "Connection timeout.", bluetoothGatt, timeout)
+    }
+
+    private fun connectCallOngoing(): Boolean {
+        return callbackMap.containsKey("connect")
+    }
+
+    fun isConnected(): Boolean {
+        return bluetoothGatt != null && connectionState == STATE_CONNECTED
+    }
+
+    private fun requestMtu(mtu: Int) {
+        Logger.debug(TAG, "requestMtu $mtu")
+        val result = bluetoothGatt?.requestMtu(mtu)
+        if (result != true) {
+            reject("connect", "Starting requestMtu failed.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun getMtu(): Int {
+        return currentMtu
+    }
+
+    fun requestConnectionPriority(connectionPriority: Int): Boolean {
+        return bluetoothGatt?.requestConnectionPriority(connectionPriority) ?: false
+    }
+
+    fun createBond(timeout: Long, callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit) {
+        val key = "createBond"
+        callbackMap[key] = callback
+
+        // Check if already bonded first to avoid race condition
+        if (isBonded()) {
+            resolve(key, "Creating bond succeeded.")
+            return
+        }
+
+        try {
+            ensureBondStateReceiverRegistered()
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Logger.error(TAG, "Error while registering bondStateReceiver: ${e.localizedMessage}", e)
+            reject(key, "Creating bond failed.")
+            return
+        }
+        val result = device.createBond()
+        if (!result) {
+            reject(key, "Creating bond failed.")
+            return
+        }
+        // Wait for bond state change
+        setTimeout(key, "Bonding timeout.", timeout)
+    }
+
+    private fun ensureBondStateReceiverRegistered() {
+        synchronized(this) {
+            if (bondStateReceiver != null) return
+
+            bondStateReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
+                override fun onReceive(ctx: Context, intent: Intent) {
+                    if (intent.action == BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED) {
+                        val updatedDevice =
+                            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+                                intent.getParcelableExtra(
+                                    BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE,
+                                    BluetoothDevice::class.java
+                                )
+                            } else {
+                                intent.getParcelableExtra<BluetoothDevice>(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE)
+                            }
+
+                        // BroadcastReceiver receives bond state updates from all devices, need to filter by device
+                        if (device.address == updatedDevice?.address) {
+                            val prev = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_PREVIOUS_BOND_STATE, -1)
+                            val state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, -1)
+                            Logger.debug(TAG, "Bond state transition $prev -> $state")
+
+                            // Handle createBond callback
+                            if (callbackMap.containsKey("createBond")) {
+                                if (state == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
+                                    resolve("createBond", "Creating bond succeeded.")
+                                } else if (prev == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING && state == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) {
+                                    reject("createBond", "Creating bond failed.")
+                                } else if (state == -1) {
+                                    reject("createBond", "Creating bond failed.")
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // Handle setNotifications callbacks (only for operations waiting on bonding)
+                            if (prev == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING && state == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) {
+                                val keysToReject = pendingBondKeys.toList()
+                                pendingBondKeys.clear()
+                                keysToReject.forEach { key ->
+                                    reject(key, "Pairing request was cancelled by the user.")
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            try {
+                val intentFilter = IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)
+                context.registerReceiver(bondStateReceiver, intentFilter)
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Logger.error(TAG, "Error registering bond state receiver: ${e.localizedMessage}", e)
+                bondStateReceiver = null
+                throw e
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun isBonded(): Boolean {
+        return device.bondState == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED
+    }
+
+    fun disconnect(
+        timeout: Long, callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
+    ) {
+        val key = "disconnect"
+        callbackMap[key] = callback
+        if (bluetoothGatt == null) {
+            resolve(key, "Disconnected.")
+            return
+        }
+        bluetoothGatt?.disconnect()
+        setTimeout(key, "Disconnection timeout.", timeout)
+    }
+
+    fun getServices(): MutableList<BluetoothGattService> {
+        return bluetoothGatt?.services ?: mutableListOf()
+    }
+
+    fun discoverServices(
+        timeout: Long, callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
+    ) {
+        val key = "discoverServices"
+        callbackMap[key] = callback
+        refreshDeviceCache()
+        val result = bluetoothGatt?.discoverServices()
+        if (result != true) {
+            reject(key, "Service discovery failed.")
+            return
+        }
+        setTimeout(key, "Service discovery timeout.", timeout)
+    }
+
+    private fun refreshDeviceCache(): Boolean {
+        var result = false
+
+        try {
+            if (bluetoothGatt != null) {
+                val refresh = bluetoothGatt!!.javaClass.getMethod("refresh")
+                result = (refresh.invoke(bluetoothGatt) as Boolean)
+            }
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Logger.error(TAG, "Error while refreshing device cache: ${e.localizedMessage}", e)
+        }
+
+        Logger.debug(TAG, "Device cache refresh $result")
+        return result
+    }
+
+    fun readRssi(
+        timeout: Long, callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
+    ) {
+        val key = "readRssi"
+        callbackMap[key] = callback
+        val result = bluetoothGatt?.readRemoteRssi()
+        if (result != true) {
+            reject(key, "Reading RSSI failed.")
+            return
+        }
+        setTimeout(key, "Reading RSSI timeout.", timeout)
+    }
+
+    fun read(
+        serviceUUID: UUID,
+        characteristicUUID: UUID,
+        timeout: Long,
+        callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
+    ) {
+        val key = "read|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID"
+        callbackMap[key] = callback
+        val service = bluetoothGatt?.getService(serviceUUID)
+        val characteristic = service?.getCharacteristic(characteristicUUID)
+        if (characteristic == null) {
+            reject(key, "Characteristic not found.")
+            return
+        }
+        val result = bluetoothGatt?.readCharacteristic(characteristic)
+        if (result != true) {
+            reject(key, "Reading characteristic failed.")
+            return
+        }
+        setTimeout(key, "Read timeout.", timeout)
+    }
+
+    fun write(
+        serviceUUID: UUID,
+        characteristicUUID: UUID,
+        value: String,
+        writeType: Int,
+        timeout: Long,
+        callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
+    ) {
+        val key = "write|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID"
+        callbackMap[key] = callback
+        val service = bluetoothGatt?.getService(serviceUUID)
+        val characteristic = service?.getCharacteristic(characteristicUUID)
+        if (characteristic == null) {
+            reject(key, "Characteristic not found.")
+            return
+        }
+        val bytes = stringToBytes(value)
+
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+            val statusCode = bluetoothGatt?.writeCharacteristic(characteristic, bytes, writeType)
+            if (statusCode != BluetoothStatusCodes.SUCCESS) {
+                reject(key, "Writing characteristic failed with status code $statusCode.")
+                return
+            }
+        } else {
+            characteristic.value = bytes
+            characteristic.writeType = writeType
+            val result = bluetoothGatt?.writeCharacteristic(characteristic)
+            if (result != true) {
+                reject(key, "Writing characteristic failed.")
+                return
+            }
+        }
+        setTimeout(key, "Write timeout.", timeout)
+    }
+
+    fun setNotifications(
+        serviceUUID: UUID,
+        characteristicUUID: UUID,
+        enable: Boolean,
+        notifyCallback: ((CallbackResponse) -> Unit)?,
+        timeout: Long,
+        callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit,
+    ) {
+        val key = "writeDescriptor|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID|$CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG"
+        val notifyKey = "notification|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID"
+        callbackMap[key] = callback
+        if (notifyCallback != null) {
+            callbackMap[notifyKey] = notifyCallback
+        }
+        val service = bluetoothGatt?.getService(serviceUUID)
+        val characteristic = service?.getCharacteristic(characteristicUUID)
+        if (characteristic == null) {
+            reject(key, "Characteristic not found.")
+            return
+        }
+
+        val result = bluetoothGatt?.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enable)
+        if (result != true) {
+            reject(key, "Setting notification failed.")
+            return
+        }
+
+        val descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG))
+        if (descriptor == null) {
+            reject(key, "Setting notification failed.")
+            return
+        }
+
+        val value = if (enable) {
+            if ((characteristic.properties and BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY) != 0) {
+                BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
+            } else if ((characteristic.properties and BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE) != 0) {
+                BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_INDICATION_VALUE
+            } else {
+                BluetoothGattDescriptor.DISABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
+            }
+        } else {
+            BluetoothGattDescriptor.DISABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
+        }
+
+        // Track this operation as potentially needing bonding
+        if (!isBonded()) {
+            try {
+                ensureBondStateReceiverRegistered()
+                pendingBondKeys.add(key)
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                // Don't fail the notification attempt just because bonding
+                // can't be tracked. The call will still timeout if bonding is
+                // required for some reason
+                Logger.warn(TAG, "Error while registering bondStateReceiver: ${e.localizedMessage}")
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+            val statusCode = bluetoothGatt?.writeDescriptor(descriptor, value)
+            if (statusCode != BluetoothStatusCodes.SUCCESS) {
+                reject(key, "Setting notification failed with status code $statusCode.")
+                return
+            }
+        } else {
+            descriptor.value = value
+            val resultDesc = bluetoothGatt?.writeDescriptor(descriptor)
+            if (resultDesc != true) {
+                reject(key, "Setting notification failed.")
+                return
+            }
+
+        }
+        setTimeout(key, "Setting notification timeout.", timeout)
+        // wait for onDescriptorWrite
+    }
+
+    fun readDescriptor(
+        serviceUUID: UUID,
+        characteristicUUID: UUID,
+        descriptorUUID: UUID,
+        timeout: Long,
+        callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
+    ) {
+        val key = "readDescriptor|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID|$descriptorUUID"
+        callbackMap[key] = callback
+        val service = bluetoothGatt?.getService(serviceUUID)
+        val characteristic = service?.getCharacteristic(characteristicUUID)
+        if (characteristic == null) {
+            reject(key, "Characteristic not found.")
+            return
+        }
+        val descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(descriptorUUID)
+        if (descriptor == null) {
+            reject(key, "Descriptor not found.")
+            return
+        }
+        val result = bluetoothGatt?.readDescriptor(descriptor)
+        if (result != true) {
+            reject(key, "Reading descriptor failed.")
+            return
+        }
+        setTimeout(key, "Read descriptor timeout.", timeout)
+    }
+
+    fun writeDescriptor(
+        serviceUUID: UUID,
+        characteristicUUID: UUID,
+        descriptorUUID: UUID,
+        value: String,
+        timeout: Long,
+        callback: (CallbackResponse) -> Unit
+    ) {
+        val key = "writeDescriptor|$serviceUUID|$characteristicUUID|$descriptorUUID"
+        callbackMap[key] = callback
+        val service = bluetoothGatt?.getService(serviceUUID)
+        val characteristic = service?.getCharacteristic(characteristicUUID)
+        if (characteristic == null) {
+            reject(key, "Characteristic not found.")
+            return
+        }
+        val descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(descriptorUUID)
+        if (descriptor == null) {
+            reject(key, "Descriptor not found.")
+            return
+        }
+        val bytes = stringToBytes(value)
+
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+            val statusCode = bluetoothGatt?.writeDescriptor(descriptor, bytes)
+            if (statusCode != BluetoothStatusCodes.SUCCESS) {
+                reject(key, "Writing descriptor failed with status code $statusCode.")
+                return
+            }
+        } else {
+            descriptor.value = bytes
+            val result = bluetoothGatt?.writeDescriptor(descriptor)
+            if (result != true) {
+                reject(key, "Writing descriptor failed.")
+                return
+            }
+        }
+        setTimeout(key, "Write timeout.", timeout)
+    }
+
+    private fun resolve(key: String, value: String) {
+        pendingBondKeys.remove(key)
+        callbackMap.remove(key)?.let { callback ->
+            Logger.debug(TAG, "resolve: $key $value")
+            timeoutQueue.popFirstMatch { it.key == key }?.handler?.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null)
+            callback?.invoke(CallbackResponse(true, value))
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun reject(key: String, value: String) {
+        pendingBondKeys.remove(key)
+        callbackMap.remove(key)?.let { callback ->
+            Logger.debug(TAG, "reject: $key $value")
+            timeoutQueue.popFirstMatch { it.key == key }?.handler?.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null)
+            callback?.invoke(CallbackResponse(false, value))
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun setTimeout(
+        key: String, message: String, timeout: Long
+    ) {
+        val handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
+        timeoutQueue.add(TimeoutHandler(key, handler))
+        handler.postDelayed({
+            reject(key, message)
+        }, timeout)
+    }
+
+    private fun setConnectionTimeout(
+        key: String,
+        message: String,
+        gatt: BluetoothGatt?,
+        timeout: Long,
+    ) {
+        val handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
+        timeoutQueue.add(TimeoutHandler(key, handler))
+        handler.postDelayed({
+            connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED
+            gatt?.disconnect()
+            gatt?.close()
+            cleanup()
+            reject(key, message)
+        }, timeout)
+    }
+}