@cap-js/sqlite 0.2.0 → 1.0.0

package/lib/ql/cds.infer.js

@@ -1,857 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-const cds = require('@sap/cds/lib');
-
-const JoinTree = require('./join-tree');
-const { pseudos } = require('./pseudos');
-// REVISIT: we should always return cds.linked elements
-const cdsTypes = cds.linked({
-  definitions: {
-    Timestamp: { type: 'cds.Timestamp' },
-    DateTime: { type: 'cds.DateTime' },
-    Date: { type: 'cds.Date' },
-    Time: { type: 'cds.Time' },
-    String: { type: 'cds.String' },
-    Decimal: { type: 'cds.Decimal' },
-    Integer: { type: 'cds.Integer' },
-    Boolean: { type: 'cds.Boolean' },
-  },
-}).definitions;
-for (const each in cdsTypes)
-  cdsTypes[`cds.${ each }`] = cdsTypes[each];
-
-/**
- * @param {CQN|CQL} originalQuery
- * @param {CSN} [model]
- * @returns {InferredCQN} = q with .target and .elements
- */
-function infer(originalQuery, model = cds.context?.model || cds.model) {
-  if (!model)
-    cds.error('Please specify a model');
-  const inferred = typeof originalQuery === 'string' ? cds.parse.cql(originalQuery) : cds.ql.clone(originalQuery)
-
-  // REVISIT: The more edge use cases we support, thes less optimized are we for the 90+% use cases
-  // e.g. there's a lot of overhead for cds.inferred( SELECT.from(Books) )
-  if (originalQuery.SET)
-    cds.error('”UNION” based queries are not supported');
-  const _ = inferred.SELECT || inferred.INSERT || inferred.UPSERT || inferred.UPDATE || inferred.DELETE || inferred.CREATE || inferred.DROP;
-  const sources = inferTarget(_.from || _.into || _.entity, {});
-  const joinTree = new JoinTree(sources);
-  const aliases = Object.keys(sources);
-  Object.defineProperties(inferred, {
-    // REVISIT: public, or for local reuse, or in cqn4sql only?
-    sources: { value: sources, writable: true },
-    target: { value: aliases.length === 1 ? sources[aliases[0]] : originalQuery,  writable: true }, // REVISIT: legacy?
-  });
-  // also enrich original query -> writable because it may be inferred again
-  Object.defineProperties(originalQuery, {
-    sources: { value: sources, writable: true },
-    target: {
-      value: aliases.length === 1 ? sources[aliases[0]] : originalQuery,
-      writable: true
-    },
-  });
-  if (originalQuery.SELECT || originalQuery.DELETE || originalQuery.UPDATE) {
-    const $combinedElements = inferCombinedElements();
-    /**
-     * TODO: this function is currently only called on DELETE's
-     *       because it correctly set's up the $refLink's in the
-     *       where clause: This functionality should be pulled out
-     *       of ´inferQueryElement()` as this is a subtle side effect
-     */
-    const elements = inferQueryElements($combinedElements);
-    Object.defineProperties(inferred, {
-      $combinedElements: { value: $combinedElements, writable: true },
-      elements: { value: elements, writable: true },
-      joinTree: { value: joinTree, writable: true }, // REVISIT: eliminate
-    });
-    // also enrich original query -> writable because it may be inferred again
-    Object.defineProperty(originalQuery, 'elements', { value: elements, writable: true })
-  }
-  return inferred;
-
-  /**
-   * Infers all query sources from a queries `from` clause.
-   * Drills down into join arguments of the from clause.
-   */
-  function inferTarget(from, querySources) {
-    const { ref } = from;
-    if (ref) {
-      const first = ref[0].id || ref[0];
-      let target = getDefinition(first, model);
-      if (!target)
-        cds.error(`"${ first }" not found in the definitions of your model`);
-      if (ref.length > 1) {
-        target = from.ref.slice(1).reduce(
-          (d, r) => {
-            const next = d.elements[r.id || r]?.elements
-              ? d.elements[r.id || r] : d.elements[r.id || r]?._target;
-            if (!next)
-              cds.error(`No association "${ r.id || r }" in ${ d.kind } "${ d.name }": ${ d }`);
-            return next;
-          },
-          target
-        );
-      }
-      if (target.kind !== 'entity' && !target._isAssociation)
-        throw new Error(/Query source must be a an entity or an association/);
-
-      attachRefLinksToArg(from); // REVISIT: remove
-      const alias = from.as ||
-      (ref.length === 1 ? first.match(/[^.]+$/)[0] : ref[ref.length - 1].id || ref[ref.length - 1]);
-      if (alias in querySources)
-        throw new Error(`Duplicate alias "${ alias }"`);
-      querySources[alias] = target;
-    }
-    else if (from.args) {
-      from.args.forEach(a => inferTarget(a, querySources));
-    }
-    else if (from.SELECT) {
-      infer(from, model) // we need the .elements in the sources
-      querySources[from.as] = from;
-    }
-    else if (typeof from === 'string') {
-      querySources[/([^.]*)$/.exec(from)[0]] = getDefinition(from, model);
-    }
-    else if (from.SET) {
-      infer(from, model);
-    }
-    return querySources;
-  }
-
-  // REVISIT: this helper is doing by far too much, with too many side effects
-
-  /**
-   * Walk recursively through all `ref` steps of the `arg` and attach information such as
-   * the corresponding definition of each `ref` step as well as the target of the `ref` step
-   * in which the next `ref` step must be searched for in.
-   *
-   * @param {object} arg the arg which shall be augmented
-   * @param {$refLink} $baseLink environment where the first `ref` step shall be resolved in.
-   *                             For infix filter / expand columns
-   * @param {boolean} expandOrExists whether the `arg` is part of a `column.expand` /
-   *                                 preceded by an `exists`.
-   *                                 In those cases, unmanaged association paths are allowed .
-   */
-  function attachRefLinksToArg(arg, $baseLink = null, expandOrExists = false) {
-    const { ref, xpr } = arg;
-    if(xpr)
-      xpr.forEach(t => attachRefLinksToArg(t, $baseLink, expandOrExists))
-    if (!ref)
-      return;
-    init$refLinks(arg);
-    ref.forEach((step, i) => {
-      const id = step.id || step;
-      if (i === 0) {
-        // infix filter never have table alias
-        // we need to search for first step in ´model.definitions[infixAlias]`
-        if ($baseLink) {
-          const { definition } = $baseLink;
-          const elements = definition.elements || definition._target?.elements;
-          const e = elements?.[id] || cds.error`"${ id }" not found in the elements of "${ definition.name }"`;
-          if (e.target) { // only fk access in infix filter
-            const nextStep = ref[1]?.id || ref[1];
-            // no unmanaged assoc in infix filter path
-            if (!expandOrExists && e.on)
-              throw new Error(`"${ e.name }" in path "${ arg.ref.map(idOnly).join('.') }" must not be an unmanaged association`);
-            // no non-fk traversal in infix filter
-            if (!expandOrExists && nextStep && !(nextStep in e.foreignKeys))
-              throw new Error(`Only foreign keys of "${ e.name }" can be accessed in infix filter`);
-          }
-          arg.$refLinks.push({ definition: e, target: e._target || e });
-          // filter paths are flattened
-          // REVISIT: too much augmentation -> better remove flatName..
-          Object.defineProperty(arg, 'flatName', { value: ref.join('_'), writable: true });
-        }
-        else {
-          // must be in model.definitions
-          const definition = getDefinition(id, model);
-          arg.$refLinks[0] = { definition, target: definition };
-        }
-      }
-      else {
-        const recent = arg.$refLinks[i - 1];
-        const { elements } = recent.target;
-        const e = elements[id];
-        if (!e)
-          throw new Error(`"${ id }" not found in the elements of "${ arg.$refLinks[i - 1].definition.name }"`);
-        arg.$refLinks.push({ definition: e, target: e._target || e });
-      }
-      arg.$refLinks[i].alias = !ref[i + 1] && arg.as ? arg.as : id.split('.').pop();
-
-      // link refs in where
-      if (step.where) { // REVISIT: why do we need to walk through these so early?
-        if (arg.$refLinks[i].definition.kind === 'entity' || arg.$refLinks[i].definition._target) {
-          let existsPredicate = false
-          const walkTokenStream = (token) => {
-            if (token === 'exists') { // no joins for infix filters along `exists <path>`
-              existsPredicate = true;
-            } else if(token.xpr) {
-              // don't miss an exists within an expression
-              token.xpr.forEach(walkTokenStream)
-            }
-            else {
-              attachRefLinksToArg(token, arg.$refLinks[i], existsPredicate)
-              existsPredicate = false
-            }
-          }
-          step.where.forEach(walkTokenStream);
-        }
-        else
-          throw new Error('A filter can only be provided when navigating along associations');
-      }
-    });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Based on the queries `sources`, the `$combinedElements` are calculated.
-   * The `$combinedElements` of a query consist of all accessible elements
-   * across all the table aliases found in the from clause.
-   *
-   * The `$combinedElements` are attached to the query as non-enumerable property.
-   * Each entry in the `$combinedElements` dictionary maps from the element name
-   * to all table aliases where an element with this name can be found.
-   */
-  function inferCombinedElements() {
-    const combinedElements = {};
-    for (const index in sources) {
-      const tableAlias = sources[index];
-      for (const key in tableAlias.elements) {
-        if (key in combinedElements)
-          combinedElements[key].push({ index, tableAlias });
-        else
-          combinedElements[key] = [ { index, tableAlias } ];
-      }
-    }
-    return combinedElements;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Assigns the given `element` as non-enumerable property 'element' onto `col`.
-   *
-   * @param {object} col
-   * @param {csn.Element} element
-   */
-  function setElementOnColumns(col, element) {
-    Object.defineProperty(col, 'element', {
-      value: element,
-      writable: true
-    });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Walks over all columns of a queries `SELECT` and infers each `ref`, `xpr`
-   * or `val` as query element based on the queries `$combinedElements` and
-   * `sources`.
-   *
-   * The `elements` are attached to the query as non-enumerable property.
-   *
-   * Also walks over other `ref`s in the query, validates them and attaches `$refLinks`.
-   * --> `where`, infix filters within column refs or other csn paths...
-   *
-   */
-  function inferQueryElements($combinedElements) {
-    let queryElements = {};
-    const {
-      columns, where, groupBy, having, orderBy,
-    } = _;
-    if (!columns) {
-      inferElementsFromWildCard(aliases);
-    }
-    else {
-      let wildcardSelect = false;
-      const refs = [];
-      columns.forEach((col) => {
-        if (col === '*') {
-          wildcardSelect = true;
-        } else if (col.val !== undefined || col.xpr || col.SELECT || col.func || col.param) {
-          const as = col.as || col.func || col.val;
-          if (as === undefined)
-            throw cds.error`Expecting expression to have an alias name`;
-          if (queryElements[as])
-            throw cds.error`Duplicate definition of element “${ as }”`;
-          if (col.xpr || col.SELECT) {
-            queryElements[as] = getElementForXprOrSubquery(col);
-          } else if (col.func) {
-            col.args?.forEach(arg => inferQueryElement(arg, false)); // {func}.args are optional
-            queryElements[as] = getElementForCast(col);
-          } else { // either binding parameter (col.param) or value
-            queryElements[as] = col.cast ? getElementForCast(col) : getCdsTypeForVal(col.val);
-          }
-          setElementOnColumns(col, queryElements[as])
-        } else if (col.ref) {
-          refs.push(col);
-        } else {
-          throw cds.error`Not supported: ${ JSON.stringify(col) }`;
-        }
-      });
-      refs.forEach(col => {
-        inferQueryElement(col)
-        const {definition} = col.$refLinks[col.$refLinks.length-1]
-        if(col.cast) // final type overwritten -> element not visible anymore
-          setElementOnColumns(col, getElementForCast(col))
-        else if(col.ref.length === 1 & col.ref[0] === '$user') // shortcut to $user.id
-          setElementOnColumns(col, queryElements[col.as || '$user'])
-        else
-          setElementOnColumns(col, definition)
-      });
-      if (wildcardSelect)
-        inferElementsFromWildCard(aliases);
-    }
-    if (orderBy) {  // link $refLinks -> special name resolution rules for orderBy
-      orderBy.forEach((token) => {
-        let $baseLink;
-        // first check if token ref is resolvable in query elements
-        if (columns) {
-          const e = queryElements[token.ref?.[0]];
-          const isAssocExpand = e?.$assocExpand; // expand on structure can be addressed
-          if (e && !isAssocExpand)
-            $baseLink = { definition: { elements: queryElements }, target: inferred };
-        }
-        else { // fallback to elements of query source
-          $baseLink = null;
-        }
-
-        inferQueryElement(token, false, $baseLink);
-      });
-    }
-    if (where) {
-      let skipJoins;
-      const walkTokenStream = (token) => {
-        if (token === 'exists') { // no joins for infix filters along `exists <path>`
-          skipJoins = true;
-        } else if(token.xpr) {
-          // don't miss an exists within an expression
-          token.xpr.forEach(walkTokenStream)
-        }
-        else {
-          inferQueryElement(token, false, null, skipJoins);
-          skipJoins = false;
-        }
-      }
-      where.forEach(walkTokenStream);
-    }
-    if (groupBy) // link $refLinks
-      groupBy.forEach(token => inferQueryElement(token, false));
-    if (having) // link $refLinks
-      having.forEach(token => inferQueryElement(token, false));
-    if(_.with) // consider UPDATE.with
-      Object.values(_.with).forEach(val => inferQueryElement(val, false))
-
-    return queryElements;
-
-    /**
-     * Infers an element of the query based on the given `column`
-     *
-     * attaches non-enumerable property `$refLinks` to the `column`
-     * which holds the corresponding artifact represented by the ref step
-     * at the same index. Based on the leaf artifact of the `ref` path, the queryElement
-     * is inferred.
-     *
-     * @param {object} column
-     * @param {object} [insertIntoQueryElements=true]
-     * whether the inferred element shall be inserted into the queries elements.
-     * E.g. we do not want to do that when we walk over the where clause.
-     * @param {boolean} [inExists=false]
-     * In some cases, no joins must be created for non-assoc path traversals:
-     * - for infix filters in `exists assoc[parent.foo='bar']` -> part of semi join
-     */
-    function inferQueryElement(column, insertIntoQueryElements = true, $baseLink = null, inExists = false) {
-      if (column.param)
-        return; // parameter references are only resolved into values on execution e.g. :val, :1 or ?
-      if (column.args)
-        column.args.forEach( arg => inferQueryElement(arg, false, $baseLink, inExists) ); // e.g. function in expression
-      if (column.list)
-        column.list.forEach(arg => inferQueryElement(arg, false, $baseLink, inExists));
-      if (column.xpr)
-        column.xpr.forEach(token => inferQueryElement(token, false, $baseLink, inExists)); // e.g. function in expression
-      if (column.SELECT)
-        return
-
-      if (!column.ref)
-        return;
-
-      init$refLinks(column);
-
-      const firstStepIsTableAlias = column.ref.length > 1 && column.ref[0] in sources ||
-                                    // nested projection on table alias
-                                    column.ref.length === 1 && column.ref[0] in sources && (column.inline);
-      const firstStepIsSelf
-        = !firstStepIsTableAlias && column.ref.length > 1 && [ '$self', '$projection' ].includes(column.ref[0]);
-      const nameSegments = [];
-      const skipNameStack = [];
-      let pseudoPath = false;
-      column.ref.forEach((step, i) => {
-        const id = step.id || step;
-        if (i === 0) {
-          if (id in pseudos.elements) { // pseudo path
-            column.$refLinks.push({ definition: pseudos.elements[id], target: pseudos });
-            pseudoPath = true; // only first path step must be well defined
-            nameSegments.push(id);
-          }
-          else if ($baseLink) {
-            const { definition, target } = $baseLink;
-            const elements = definition.elements || definition._target?.elements;
-            if (elements && id in elements) {
-              column.$refLinks.push({ definition: elements[id], target });
-            }
-            else {
-              stepNotFoundInPredecessor(id, definition.name);
-            }
-            nameSegments.push(id);
-          }
-          else if (firstStepIsTableAlias) {
-            column.$refLinks.push({ definition: sources[id], target: sources[id] });
-          }
-          else if (firstStepIsSelf) {
-            column.$refLinks.push({ definition: { elements: queryElements }, target: { elements: queryElements } });
-          }
-          else if (id in $combinedElements) {
-            if ($combinedElements[id].length > 1)
-              stepIsAmbiguous(id); // exit
-            const definition = $combinedElements[id][0].tableAlias.elements[id];
-            const $refLink = { definition, target: $combinedElements[id][0].tableAlias };
-            column.$refLinks.push($refLink);
-            nameSegments.push(id);
-          }
-          else if (inferred.outerQueries) { // outer query accessed via alias
-            const outerAlias = inferred.outerQueries.find(outer => id in outer.sources);
-            if (!outerAlias)
-              stepNotFoundInCombinedElements(id);
-            column.$refLinks.push({ definition: outerAlias.sources[id], target: outerAlias.sources[id] });
-          }
-          else {
-            stepNotFoundInCombinedElements(id); // REVISIT: fails with {__proto__:elements)
-          }
-        }
-        else {
-          const { definition } = column.$refLinks[i - 1];
-          const elements = definition.elements || definition._target?.elements;
-          if (elements && id in elements) {
-            const $refLink = { definition: elements[id], target: column.$refLinks[i - 1].target };
-            column.$refLinks.push($refLink);
-          }
-          else if (firstStepIsSelf) {
-            stepNotFoundInColumnList(id);
-          }
-          else if (column.ref[0] === '$user' && pseudoPath) {
-            // `$user.some.unknown.element` -> no error
-            column.$refLinks.push({ definition: {}, target: column.$refLinks[i - 1].target });
-          }
-          else if (id === '$dummy') {
-            // `some.known.element.$dummy` -> no error; used by cds.ql to simulate joins
-            column.$refLinks.push({ definition: { name: '$dummy', parent: column.$refLinks[i - 1].target } });
-            Object.defineProperty(column, 'isJoinRelevant', { value: true });
-          }
-          else {
-            const notFoundIn = pseudoPath ? column.ref[i - 1] : getFullPathForLinkedArg(column);
-            stepNotFoundInPredecessor(id, notFoundIn);
-          }
-          const foreignKeyAlias = Array.isArray(definition.keys)
-            ? definition.keys.find(k =>{
-              if(k.ref[0] === id) {
-                skipNameStack.push(...k.ref.slice(1))
-                return true
-              }
-              return false
-            })?.as : null;
-          if(foreignKeyAlias)
-            nameSegments.push(foreignKeyAlias);
-          else if(skipNameStack[0] === id)
-            skipNameStack.shift()
-          else
-            nameSegments.push(id)
-        }
-
-        if (step.where) {
-          const danglingFilter = !(column.ref[i + 1] || column.expand || inExists);
-          if (!column.$refLinks[i].definition.target || danglingFilter)
-            throw new Error(/A filter can only be provided when navigating along associations/);
-          if (!column.expand)
-            Object.defineProperty(column, 'isJoinRelevant', { value: true });
-          // books[exists genre[code='A']].title --> column is join relevant but inner exists filter is not
-          let skipJoinsForFilter = inExists;
-          step.where.forEach( (token) => {
-            if (token === 'exists') { // no joins for infix filters along `exists <path>`
-              skipJoinsForFilter = true;
-            }
-            else if (token.ref || token.xpr) {
-              inferQueryElement(token, false, column.$refLinks[i], skipJoinsForFilter);
-            }
-            else if (token.func) {
-              token.args?.forEach(arg => inferQueryElement(arg, false, column.$refLinks[i], skipJoinsForFilter));
-            }
-          });
-        }
-
-        column.$refLinks[i].alias = !column.ref[i + 1] && column.as ? column.as : id.split('.').pop();
-
-        if (!column.ref[i + 1]) {
-          const flatName = nameSegments.join('_');
-          Object.defineProperty(column, 'flatName', { value: flatName, writable: true });
-          // if column is casted, we overwrite it's origin with the new type
-          if (column.cast) {
-            const base = getElementForCast(column);
-            if (insertIntoQueryElements)
-              queryElements[column.as || flatName] = getCopyWithAnnos(column, base);
-          }
-          else if (column.expand) {
-            const elements = resolveExpand(column);
-            if (insertIntoQueryElements)
-              queryElements[column.as || flatName] = elements;
-          }
-          else if (column.inline && insertIntoQueryElements) {
-            const elements = resolveInline(column);
-            queryElements = { ...queryElements, ...elements };
-          }
-          else {
-            // shortcut for `ref: ['$user']` -> `ref: ['$user', 'id']`
-            const leafArt
-              = i === 0 && id === '$user' ? column.$refLinks[i].definition.elements.id : column.$refLinks[i].definition;
-            // infer element based on leaf artifact of path
-            if (insertIntoQueryElements) {
-              const name = column.as || flatName;
-              if (queryElements[name] !== undefined)
-                throw new Error(`Duplicate definition of element “${ name }”`);
-              queryElements[name] = getCopyWithAnnos(column, leafArt);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      });
-
-      // ignore whole expand if target of assoc along path has ”@cds.persistence.skip”
-      if (column.expand) {
-        const { $refLinks } = column;
-        const skip = $refLinks
-          .some(link => model.definitions[link.definition.target]?.['@cds.persistence.skip'] === true);
-        if (skip) {
-          $refLinks[$refLinks.length - 1].skipExpand = true;
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-      // check if we need to merg the column `ref` into the join tree of the query
-      if (!inExists && isColumnJoinRelevant(column)) {
-        Object.defineProperty(column, 'isJoinRelevant', { value: true });
-        joinTree.mergeColumn(column);
-      }
-
-
-      function resolveInline(col, namePrefix = col.as || col.flatName) {
-        const { inline, $refLinks } = col;
-        const $leafLink = $refLinks[$refLinks.length - 1];
-        let elements = {};
-        inline.forEach((inlineCol) => {
-          inferQueryElement(inlineCol, false, $leafLink, false, true);
-          if (inlineCol === '*') {
-            const wildCardElements = {};
-            // either the `.elements´ of the struct or the `.elements` of the assoc target
-            const leafLinkElements = $leafLink.definition.elements || $leafLink.definition._target.elements
-            Object.entries(leafLinkElements).forEach(([ k, v ]) => {
-              const name = namePrefix ? `${ namePrefix }_${ k }` : k;
-              // if overwritten/excluded omit from wildcard elements
-              // in elements the names are already flat so consider the prefix
-              // in excluding, the elements are addressed without the prefix
-              if (!(name in elements || col.excluding?.some(e => e === k)))
-                wildCardElements[name] = v;
-            });
-            elements = { ...elements, ...wildCardElements };
-          }
-          else {
-            const nameParts = namePrefix ? [namePrefix] : []
-            if(inlineCol.as)
-              nameParts.push(inlineCol.as)
-            else
-              nameParts.push(...inlineCol.ref.map(idOnly))
-            const name = nameParts.join('_')
-            if (inlineCol.inline) {
-              const inlineElements = resolveInline(inlineCol, name);
-              elements = { ...elements, ...inlineElements };
-            }
-            else if (inlineCol.expand) {
-              const expandElements = resolveExpand(inlineCol);
-              elements = { ...elements, [name]: expandElements };
-            }
-            else if (inlineCol.val) {
-              elements[name] = {...getCdsTypeForVal(inlineCol.val)}
-            }
-            else if (inlineCol.func) {
-              elements[name] = {}
-            }
-            else {
-              elements[name] = inlineCol.$refLinks[inlineCol.$refLinks.length - 1].definition;
-            }
-          }
-        });
-        return elements;
-      }
-      function resolveExpand(col) {
-        const { expand, $refLinks } = col;
-        const $leafLink = $refLinks[$refLinks.length - 1];
-        if ($leafLink.definition._target) {
-          const expandSubquery = {
-            SELECT: {
-              from: $leafLink.definition._target.name,
-              columns: expand.filter(c => !c.inline),
-            },
-          };
-          if (col.as)
-            expandSubquery.SELECT.as = col.as;
-          const inferredExpandSubquery = infer(expandSubquery, model);
-          const res = $leafLink.definition._isStructured || $leafLink.definition.is2one
-          // IMPORTANT: all definitions / elements in a cds.linked model have to be linked
-            ? new cds.struct ({ elements: inferredExpandSubquery.elements })
-            : new cds.array ({ items: new cds.struct({ elements: inferredExpandSubquery.elements }) });
-          return Object.defineProperty(res, '$assocExpand', { value: true });
-        }  // struct
-        let elements = {};
-        expand.forEach((e) => {
-          if (e === '*') {
-            elements = { ...elements, ...$leafLink.definition.elements };
-          }
-          else {
-            inferQueryElement(e, false, $leafLink);
-            if (e.expand)
-              elements[e.as || e.flatName] = resolveExpand(e);
-            if (e.inline)
-              elements = { ...elements, ...resolveInline(e) };
-
-            else
-              elements[e.as || e.flatName] = e.$refLinks ? e.$refLinks[e.$refLinks.length - 1].definition : e;
-          }
-        });
-        return new cds.struct({ elements });
-      }
-
-      function stepNotFoundInPredecessor(step, def) {
-        throw new Error(`"${ step }" not found in "${ def }"`);
-      }
-
-      function stepIsAmbiguous(step) {
-        throw new Error(
-          `ambiguous reference to "${ step }", write ${ Object.values($combinedElements[step])
-            .map(ta => `"${ ta.index }.${ step }"`)
-            .join(', ') } instead`
-        );
-      }
-
-      function stepNotFoundInCombinedElements(step) {
-        throw new Error(
-          `"${ step }" not found in the elements of ${ Object.values(sources)
-            .map(def => `"${ def.name || /* subquery */ def.as }"`)
-            .join(', ') }`
-        );
-      }
-
-      function stepNotFoundInColumnList(step) {
-        const err = [ `"${ step }" not found in the columns list of query` ];
-        // if the `elt` from a `$self.elt` path is found in the `$combinedElements` -> hint to remove `$self`
-        if (step in $combinedElements)
-          err.push(` did you mean ${ $combinedElements[step].map(ta => `"${ ta.index || ta.as }.${ step }"`).join(',') }?`);
-        throw new Error(err);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks whether or not the `ref` of the given column is join relevant.
-     * A `ref` is considered join relevant if it includes an association traversal and:
-     *    - the association is unmanaged
-     *    - a non-foreign key access is performed
-     *    - an infix filter is applied at the association
-     *
-     * @param {object} column the column with the `ref` to check for join relevance
-     * @returns {boolean} true if the column ref needs to be merged into a join tree
-     */
-    function isColumnJoinRelevant(column) {
-      let fkAccess = false;
-      let assoc = null
-      for(let i = 0; i<column.ref.length; i++) {
-        const ref = column.ref[i];
-        const link = column.$refLinks[i];
-        if(link.definition.on) {
-          if(!column.ref[i+1]) {
-            if(column.expand && assoc)
-              return true;
-              // if unmanaged assoc is exposed, ignore it
-            return false;
-          }
-          return true;
-        }
-        if(assoc && assoc.keys?.some(key => key.ref[0] === ref)) {
-          fkAccess = true
-          continue;
-        }
-        if(link.definition.target && link.definition.keys) {
-          if(column.ref[i+1] || assoc)
-            fkAccess = false;
-          else
-            fkAccess = true
-          assoc = link.definition;
-          if(ref.where) {
-            // always join relevant except for expand assoc
-            if(column.expand && !column.ref[i+1])
-              return false;
-            return true;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      if(!assoc) return false
-      if(fkAccess) return false
-      else return true
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Iterates over all `$combinedElements` of the `query` and puts them into the `query`s `elements`,
-     * if there is not already an element with the same name present.
-     */
-    function inferElementsFromWildCard() {
-      if (Object.keys(queryElements).length === 0 && aliases.length === 1) {
-        // only one query source and no overwritten columns
-        queryElements = sources[aliases[0]].elements;
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const exclude = _.excluding ? x => _.excluding.includes(x) : () => false;
-      const ambiguousElements = {};
-      Object.entries($combinedElements).forEach(([ name, tableAliases ]) => {
-        if (Object.keys(tableAliases).length > 1) {
-          ambiguousElements[name] = tableAliases;
-          return ambiguousElements[name];
-        }
-        if (exclude(name) || name in queryElements)
-          return true;
-        queryElements[name] = tableAliases[0].tableAlias.elements[name];
-        return queryElements[name];
-      });
-
-      if (Object.keys(ambiguousElements).length > 0)
-        throwAmbiguousWildcardError();
-
-      function throwAmbiguousWildcardError() {
-        const err = [];
-        err.push('Ambiguous wildcard elements:');
-        Object.keys(ambiguousElements).forEach((name) => {
-          const tableAliasNames = Object.values(ambiguousElements[name]).map(v => v.index);
-          err.push(
-            `       select "${ name }" explicitly with ${ tableAliasNames.map(taName => `"${ taName }.${ name }"`).join(', ') }`
-          );
-        });
-        throw new Error(err.join('\n'));
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a new object which is the inferred element for the given `col`.
-     * A cast type (via cast function) on the column gets preserved.
-     *
-     * @param {object} col
-     * @returns object
-     */
-    function getElementForXprOrSubquery(col) {
-      const { xpr } = col;
-      let skipJoins = false;
-      xpr?.forEach( (token) => {
-        if (token === 'exists') { // no joins for infix filters along `exists <path>`
-          skipJoins = true;
-        }
-        else {
-          inferQueryElement(token, false, null, skipJoins);
-          skipJoins = false;
-        }
-      });
-      const base = getElementForCast(col.cast ? col : xpr?.[0] || col);
-      if (col.key)
-        base.key = col.key; // > preserve key on column
-      return getCopyWithAnnos(col, base);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns an object with the cast-type defined in the cast of the `thing`.
-     * If no cast property is present, it just returns an empty object.
-     * The type of the cast is mapped to the `cds` type if possible.
-     *
-     * @param {object} thing with the cast property
-     * @returns {object}
-     */
-    function getElementForCast(thing) {
-      const { cast, $refLinks } = thing;
-      if (!cast)
-        return {};
-      if($refLinks?.[$refLinks.length - 1].definition.elements) // no cast on structure
-        cds.error`Structured elements can't be cast to a different type`;
-      thing.cast = cdsTypes[cast.type] || cast;
-      return thing.cast;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * return a new object based on @param base
-   * with all annotations found in @param from
-   *
-   * @param {object} from
-   * @param {object} base
-   * @returns {object} a copy of @param base with all annotations of @param from
-   * @TODO prototype based
-   */
-  // REVISIT: TODO: inferred.elements should be linked
-  function getCopyWithAnnos(from, base) {
-    const result = { ...base };
-    // REVISIT: we don't need to and hence should not handle annotations at runtime
-    for (const prop in from) {
-      if (prop.startsWith('@'))
-        result[prop] = from[prop];
-    }
-
-    if (from.as && base.name !== from.as)
-      Object.defineProperty(result, 'name', { value: from.as }); // TODO double check if this is needed
-    // in subqueries we need the linked element if an outer query accesses it
-    return Object.setPrototypeOf(result, base);
-  }
-
-  // REVISIT: functions without return are by nature side-effect functions -> bad
-  function init$refLinks(arg) {
-    Object.defineProperty(arg, '$refLinks', {
-      value: [],
-      writable: true,
-    });
-  }
-
-  function getCdsTypeForVal(val) {
-    // REVISIT: JS null should have a type for proper DB layer conversion logic
-    // if(val === null) return {type:'cds.String'}
-    switch (typeof val) {
-    case 'string': return cdsTypes.String;
-    case 'boolean': return cdsTypes.Boolean;
-    case 'number': return Number.isSafeInteger(val) ? cdsTypes.Integer : cdsTypes.Decimal;
-    default: return {};
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** gets the CSN element for the given name from the model */
-  function getDefinition(name, model) {
-    return model.definitions[name] || cds.error`"${ name }" not found in the definitions of your model`;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the csn path as string for a given column ref with sibling $refLinks
-   *
-   * @param {object} arg
-   * @returns {string}
-   */
-  function getFullPathForLinkedArg(arg) {
-    let firstStepIsEntity = false;
-    return arg.$refLinks.reduce((res, cur, i) => {
-      if (cur.definition.kind === 'entity') {
-        firstStepIsEntity = true;
-        if (arg.$refLinks.length === 1)
-          return `${ cur.definition.name }`;
-        return `${ cur.definition.name }`;
-      }
-      const dot = i === 1 && firstStepIsEntity ? ':' : '.'; // divide with colon if first step is entity
-      return res !== '' ? res + dot + cur.definition.name : cur.definition.name;
-    }, '');
-  }
-}
-const idOnly = (ref) => ref.id || ref
-
-module.exports = infer;