@cap-js/postgres 1.0.0

package/CHANGELOG.md

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+# Change Log
+
+- All notable changes to this project are documented in this file.
+- The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](http://keepachangelog.com/).
+- This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
+
+
+## Version 1.0.0 - 2023-06-23
+
+- Initial Release

package/LICENSE

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package/README.md

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+# CDS database service for Postgres
+
+Welcome to the new Postgres database service for [SAP Cloud Application Programming Model](https://cap.cloud.sap) Node.js, based on new, streamlined database architecture and [*pg* driver](https://www.npmjs.com/package/pg) .
+
+Find documentation at https://cap.cloud.sap/docs/guides/databases-postgres.

package/cds-plugin.js

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+const cds = require('@sap/cds/lib')
+
+if (!cds.env.fiori.lean_draft) {
+  throw new Error('"@cap-js/postgres" only works if cds.fiori.lean_draft is enabled. Please adapt your configuration.')
+}

package/index.js

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+module.exports = require('./lib/PostgresService.js')

package/lib/PostgresService.js

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+const { SQLService } = require('@cap-js/db-service')
+const { Client } = require('pg')
+const cds = require('@sap/cds/lib')
+const crypto = require('crypto')
+
+class PostgresService extends SQLService {
+  init() {
+    if (!this.options.independentDeploy) {
+      // REVISIT: injects dialect into cds.deploy logic
+      cds.options = cds.options || {}
+      cds.options.dialect = 'postgres'
+    }
+    this.kind = 'postgres'
+    return super.init(...arguments)
+  }
+
+  get factory() {
+    return {
+      options: {
+        ...this.options.pool,
+        min: 0,
+        testOnBorrow: true,
+        acquireTimeoutMillis: 1000,
+        destroyTimeoutMillis: 1000,
+      },
+      create: async () => {
+        const cr = this.options.credentials || {}
+        const credentials = {
+          // Cloud Foundry provides the user in the field username the pg npm module expects user
+          user: cr.username || cr.user,
+          password: cr.password,
+          // Special handling for:
+          // BTP - Cloud Foundry - PostgreSQL Hyperscaler Service
+          host: cr.hostname || cr.host,
+          port: cr.port || process.env.PGPORT || 5432,
+          database: cr.dbname || cr.database,
+          schema: cr.schema,
+          sslRequired: cr.sslrootcert && (cr.sslrootcert ?? true),
+          ssl: cr.sslrootcert && {
+            rejectUnauthorized: false,
+            ca: cr.sslrootcert,
+          },
+        }
+        const dbc = new Client(credentials)
+        await dbc.connect()
+        return dbc
+      },
+      destroy: dbc => dbc.end(),
+      validate: dbc => dbc.open,
+    }
+  }
+
+  url4() {
+    // TODO: Maybe log which database and which user? Be more robust against missing properties?
+    let { host, port } = this.options?.credentials || this.options || {}
+    return host + ':' + (port || 5432)
+  }
+
+  async set(variables) {
+    // REVISIT: remove when all environment variables are aligned
+    // RESTRICTIONS: 'Custom parameter names must be two or more simple identifiers separated by dots.'
+    const nameMap = {
+      '$user.id': 'CAP.APPLICATIONUSER',
+      '$user.locale': 'CAP.LOCALE',
+      '$valid.from': 'CAP.VALID_FROM',
+      '$valid.to': 'CAP.VALID_TO',
+    }
+
+    const env = {}
+    for (let name in variables) {
+      env[nameMap[name]] = variables[name]
+    }
+
+    return Promise.all([
+      (await this.prepare(`SELECT set_config(key::text,$1->>key,false) FROM json_each($1);`)).run([
+        JSON.stringify(env),
+      ]),
+      ...(this.options?.credentials?.schema
+        ? [this.exec(`SET search_path TO "${this.options?.credentials?.schema}";`)]
+        : []),
+
+      ...(!this._initalCollateCheck
+        ? [
+            (await this.prepare(`SELECT collname FROM pg_collation WHERE collname = 'en_US' OR collname ='en-x-icu';`))
+              .all([])
+              .then(resp => {
+                this._initalCollateCheck = true
+                if (resp.find(row => row.collname === 'en_US')) return
+                if (resp.find(row => row.collname === 'en-x-icu'))
+                  this.class.CQN2SQL.prototype.orderBy = this.class.CQN2SQL.prototype.orderByICU
+                // REVISIT throw error when there is no collated libary found
+              }),
+          ]
+        : []),
+    ])
+  }
+
+  prepare(sql) {
+    const query = {
+      text: sql,
+      // Track queries name for postgres referencing prepare statements
+      // sha1 as it needs to be less then 63 characters
+      name: crypto.createHash('sha1').update(sql).digest('hex'),
+    }
+    return {
+      run: async values => {
+        // REVISIT: SQLService provides empty values as {} for plain SQL statements - PostgreSQL driver expects array or nothing - see issue #78
+        const result = await this.dbc.query({ ...query, values: this._getValues(values) })
+        return { changes: result.rowCount }
+      },
+      get: async values => {
+        // REVISIT: SQLService provides empty values as {} for plain SQL statements - PostgreSQL driver expects array or nothing - see issue #78
+        const result = await this.dbc.query({ ...query, values: this._getValues(values) })
+        return result.rows[0]
+      },
+      all: async values => {
+        // REVISIT: SQLService provides empty values as {} for plain SQL statements - PostgreSQL driver expects array or nothing - see issue #78
+        try {
+          const result = await this.dbc.query({ ...query, values: this._getValues(values) })
+          return result.rows
+        } catch (e) {
+          throw Object.assign(e, { sql: sql + '\n' + new Array(e.position).fill(' ').join('') + '^' })
+        }
+      },
+    }
+  }
+
+  _getValues(values) {
+    // empty values
+    if (!values || Object.keys(values).length === 0) return null
+    // values are already in array form
+    if (Array.isArray(values)) return values
+    return values
+  }
+
+  async exec(sql) {
+    return this.dbc.query(sql)
+  }
+
+  onPlainSQL(req, next) {
+    const query = req.query
+    if (this.options.independentDeploy) {
+      // REVISIT: Should not be needed when deployment supports all types or sends CQNs
+      // Rewrite drop statements
+      if (/^DROP (TABLE|VIEW)/.test(query)) {
+        // Extracts the name from the incoming SQL statment
+        const name = query.match(/^DROP (TABLE|VIEW) IF EXISTS ("[^"]+"|[^\s;]+)/im)[2]
+        // Replaces all '_' with '.' from left to right
+        const split = name.split('_')
+        const options = split.map((_, i) => split.slice(0, i + 1).join('.') + '.' + split.slice(i + 1).join('_'))
+        // Finds the first match inside the model
+        const target = options.find(n => this.model.definitions[n])
+        // If the entity was found in the model it is dropped using CQN
+        return target && this.run(cds.ql.DROP(target))
+      }
+
+      // Rewrite create statements
+      if (/^CREATE (TABLE|VIEW)/.test(query)) {
+        // Extracts the name from the incoming SQL statment
+        const name = query.match(/^CREATE (TABLE|VIEW) ("[^"]+"|[^\s(]+)/im)[2]
+        // Replaces all '_' with '.' from left to right
+        const split = name.split('_')
+        const options = split.map((_, i) => split.slice(0, i + 1).join('.') + '.' + split.slice(i + 1).join('_'))
+        // Finds the first match inside the model
+        const target = options.find(n => this.model.definitions[n])
+        // If the entity was found in the model it is dropped using CQN
+        return target && this.run(cds.ql.CREATE(target))
+      }
+    }
+    // Look for ? placeholders outside of string and replace them with $n
+    if (/('|")(\1|[^\1]*?\1)|(\?)/.exec(query)?.[3]) {
+      let i = 1
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+      req.query = query.replace(/('|")(\1|[^\1]*?\1)|(\?)/g, (a, _b, _c, d, _e, _f, _g) => (d ? '$' + i++ : a))
+    }
+
+    return super.onPlainSQL(req, next)
+  }
+
+  static CQN2SQL = class CQN2Postgres extends SQLService.CQN2SQL {
+    orderBy(orderBy, localized) {
+      return orderBy.map(
+        localized
+          ? c =>
+              this.expr(c) +
+              (c.element?.[this.class._localized] ? ` COLLATE "${this.context.locale}"` : '') +
+              (c.sort === 'desc' || c.sort === -1 ? ' DESC' : ' ASC')
+          : c => this.expr(c) + (c.sort === 'desc' || c.sort === -1 ? ' DESC' : ' ASC'),
+      )
+    }
+
+    orderByICU(orderBy, localized) {
+      return orderBy.map(
+        localized
+          ? c =>
+              this.expr(c) +
+              (c.element?.[this.class._localized] ? ` COLLATE "${this.context.locale.replace('_', '-')}-x-icu"` : '') +
+              (c.sort === 'desc' || c.sort === -1 ? ' DESC' : ' ASC')
+          : c => this.expr(c) + (c.sort === 'desc' || c.sort === -1 ? ' DESC' : ' ASC'),
+      )
+    }
+
+    from(from) {
+      if (from.ref?.[0] === 'sqlite.schema') {
+        return '(SELECT table_name as name from information_schema.tables where table_schema = current_schema()) as schema'
+      }
+      // REVISIT: postgres always needs an alias for sub selects
+      if (from.SELECT && !from.as) from.as = from.SELECT.as || 'unknown'
+      return super.from(from)
+    }
+
+    // REVISIT: pg requires alias for {val}
+    SELECT_columns({ SELECT }) {
+      // REVISIT: Genres cqn has duplicate ID column
+      if (!SELECT.columns) return '*'
+      const unique = {}
+      return SELECT.columns
+        .map(x => `${this.column_expr(x)} as ${this.quote(this.column_name(x))}`)
+        .filter(x => {
+          if (unique[x]) return false
+          unique[x] = true
+          return true
+        })
+    }
+
+    SELECT_expand({ SELECT }, sql) {
+      if (!SELECT.columns) return sql
+      const queryAlias = this.quote(SELECT.from?.as || (SELECT.expand === 'root' && 'root'))
+      const cols = SELECT.columns.map(x => {
+        const name = this.column_name(x)
+        let col = `${this.string(name)},${this.output_converter4(x.element, queryAlias + '.' + this.quote(name))}`
+
+        if (x.SELECT?.count) {
+          // Return both the sub select and the count for @odata.count
+          const qc = cds.ql.clone(x, { columns: [{ func: 'count' }], one: 1, limit: 0, orderBy: 0 })
+          col += `, '${name}@odata.count',${this.expr(qc)}`
+        }
+        return col
+      })
+      let obj = `json_build_object(${cols})`
+      return `SELECT ${
+        SELECT.one || SELECT.expand === 'root' ? obj : `coalesce(json_agg(${obj}),'[]'::json)`
+      } as _json_ FROM (${sql}) as ${queryAlias}`
+    }
+
+    INSERT(q, isUpsert = false) {
+      super.INSERT(q, isUpsert)
+
+      // REVISIT: this should probably be made a bit easier to adopt
+      return (this.sql = this.sql
+        // Adjusts json path expressions to be postgres specific
+        .replace(/->>'\$(?:(?:\."(.*?)")|(?:\[(\d*)\]))'/g, (a, b, c) => (b ? `->>'${b}'` : `->>${c}`))
+        // Adjusts json function to be postgres specific
+        .replace('json_each(?)', 'json_array_elements($1)')
+        .replace(/json_type\((\w+),'\$\."(\w+)"'\)/g, (_a, b, c) => `json_typeof(${b}->'${c}')`))
+    }
+
+    val(val) {
+      const ret = super.val(val)
+      return ret === '?' ? `$${this.values.length}` : ret
+    }
+
+    operator(x) {
+      if (x === 'regexp') return '~'
+      if (x === '=') return 'is not distinct from'
+      if (x === '!=') return 'is distinct from'
+      else return x
+    }
+
+    defaultValue(defaultValue = this.context.timestamp.toISOString()) {
+      return this.string(`${defaultValue}`)
+    }
+
+    static Functions = { ...super.Functions, ...require('./func') }
+
+    static ReservedWords = { ...super.ReservedWords, ...require('./ReservedWords.json') }
+
+    static TypeMap = {
+      ...super.TypeMap,
+      // REVISIT: check whether we should use native UUID support
+      UUID: () => `VARCHAR(36)`,
+      String: e => `VARCHAR(${e.length || 5000})`,
+      Binary: () => `BYTEA`,
+      Double: () => 'FLOAT8',
+      LargeString: () => 'TEXT',
+      LargeBinary: () => 'BYTEA',
+      array: () => 'TEXT',
+      Time: () => 'TIME',
+      DateTime: () => 'TIMESTAMP',
+      Timestamp: () => 'TIMESTAMP',
+    }
+
+    // Used for INSERT statements
+    static InputConverters = {
+      ...super.InputConverters,
+      // UUID:      (e) => `CAST(${e} as UUID)`, // UUID is strict in formatting sflight does not comply
+      boolean: e => `CASE ${e} WHEN 'true' THEN true WHEN 'false' THEN false END`,
+      Float: (e, t) => `CAST(${e} as decimal${t.precision && t.scale ? `(${t.precision},${t.scale})` : ''})`,
+      Decimal: (e, t) => `CAST(${e} as decimal${t.precision && t.scale ? `(${t.precision},${t.scale})` : ''})`,
+      Integer: e => `CAST(${e} as integer)`,
+      Int64: e => `CAST(${e} as bigint)`,
+      Date: e => `CAST(${e} as DATE)`,
+      Time: e => `CAST(${e} as TIME)`,
+      DateTime: e => `CAST(${e} as TIMESTAMP)`,
+      Timestamp: e => `CAST(${e} as TIMESTAMP)`,
+      // REVISIT: Remove that with upcomming fixes in cds.linked
+      Double: (e, t) => `CAST(${e} as decimal${t.precision && t.scale ? `(${t.precision},${t.scale})` : ''})`,
+      DecimalFloat: (e, t) => `CAST(${e} as decimal${t.precision && t.scale ? `(${t.precision},${t.scale})` : ''})`,
+      Binary: e => `CAST(${e} as bytea)`,
+      LargeBinary: e => `CAST(${e} as bytea)`,
+    }
+
+    static OutputConverters = {
+      ...super.OutputConverters,
+      Binary: e => e,
+      LargeBinary: e => e,
+      Date: e => `to_char(${e}, 'YYYY-MM-DD')`,
+      Time: e => `to_char(${e}, 'HH24:MI:SS')`,
+      DateTime: e => `to_char(${e}, 'YYYY-MM-DD"T"HH24:MI:SS"Z"')`,
+      Timestamp: e => `to_char(${e}, 'YYYY-MM-DD"T"HH24:MI:SS.FF3"Z"')`,
+      UTCDateTime: e => `to_char(${e}, 'YYYY-MM-DD"T"HH24:MI:SS"Z"')`,
+      UTCTimestamp: e => `to_char(${e}, 'YYYY-MM-DD"T"HH24:MI:SS.FF3"Z"')`,
+      struct: e => `json(${e})`,
+      array: e => `json(${e})`,
+    }
+  }
+
+  // REVISIT: find good names database/tenant/schema/instance
+  async database({ database }) {
+    const creds = {
+      database: database,
+      usergroup: `${database}_USERS`,
+      user: `${database}_USER_MANAGER`,
+    }
+    creds.password = creds.user
+
+    const system = cds.requires.db.credentials
+
+    try {
+      const con = await this.factory.create(system)
+      this.dbc = con
+      const exists = await this.exec(`SELECT datname FROM pg_catalog.pg_database WHERE datname='${creds.database}'`)
+
+      if (exists.rowCount) return
+      // REVISIT: cleanup database for local development
+      if (!process._send) await this.exec(`DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS "${creds.database}"`)
+      await this.exec(`
+        DROP GROUP IF EXISTS "${creds.usergroup}";
+        DROP USER IF EXISTS "${creds.user}";
+        CREATE GROUP "${creds.usergroup}";
+        CREATE USER "${creds.user}" WITH CREATEROLE IN GROUP "${creds.usergroup}" PASSWORD '${creds.user}';
+      `)
+      await this.exec(`CREATE DATABASE "${creds.database}" OWNER="${creds.user}" TEMPLATE=template0`)
+    } catch (e) {
+      // Failed to reset database
+    } finally {
+      await this.dbc.end()
+      delete this.dbc
+
+      // Update credentials to new Database owner
+      await this.disconnect()
+      this.options.credentials = Object.assign({}, system, creds)
+    }
+  }
+
+  async tenant({ database, tenant }) {
+    const creds = {
+      database: database,
+      usergroup: `${database}_USERS`,
+      schema: tenant,
+      user: `${tenant}_USER`,
+    }
+    creds.password = creds.user
+
+    try {
+      await this.tx(async tx => {
+        // await tx.run(`DROP USER IF EXISTS "${creds.user}"`)
+        await tx
+          .run(`CREATE USER "${creds.user}" IN GROUP "${creds.usergroup}" PASSWORD '${creds.password}'`)
+          .catch(e => {
+            if (e.code === '42710') return
+            throw e
+          })
+      })
+      await this.tx(async tx => {
+        await tx.run(`GRANT CREATE, CONNECT ON DATABASE "${creds.database}" TO "${creds.user}";`)
+      })
+
+      // Update credentials to new Schema owner
+      await this.disconnect()
+      this.options.credentials = Object.assign({}, this.options.credentials, creds)
+
+      // Create new schema using schema owner
+      await this.tx(async tx => {
+        await tx.run(`DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS "${creds.schema}" CASCADE`)
+        await tx.run(`CREATE SCHEMA "${creds.schema}" AUTHORIZATION "${creds.user}"`).catch(() => {})
+      })
+    } finally {
+      await this.disconnect()
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = PostgresService

package/lib/ReservedWords.json

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "BINARY": 1,
+  "ARRAY": 1
+}

package/lib/func.js

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+const StandardFunctions = {
+  countdistinct: x => `count(distinct ${x || '*'})`,
+  average: x => `avg(${x})`,
+  contains: (...args) => `(coalesce(strpos(${args}),0) > 0)`,
+  indexof: (x, y) => `strpos(${x},${y}) - 1`, // sqlite instr is 1 indexed
+  startswith: (x, y) => `strpos(${x},${y}) = 1`, // sqlite instr is 1 indexed
+  endswith: (x, y) => `substr(${x},length(${x}) + 1 - length(${y})) = ${y}`,
+
+  // Date and Time Functions
+  year: x => `date_part('year',(${x})::TIMESTAMP)`,
+  month: x => `date_part('month',(${x})::TIMESTAMP)`,
+  day: x => `date_part('day',(${x})::TIMESTAMP)`,
+  hour: x => `date_part('hour',(${x})::TIMESTAMP)`,
+  minute: x => `date_part('minute',(${x})::TIMESTAMP)`,
+  second: x => `date_part('second',(${x})::TIMESTAMP)`,
+}
+
+const HANAFunctions = {
+  // https://help.sap.com/docs/SAP_HANA_PLATFORM/4fe29514fd584807ac9f2a04f6754767/f12b86a6284c4aeeb449e57eb5dd3ebd.html
+
+  // Time functions
+  nano100_between: (x, y) => `EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM ${y} - ${x}) * 10000000`,
+  seconds_between: (x, y) => `EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM ${y} - ${x})`,
+  days_between: (x, y) => `EXTRACT(DAY FROM ${y} - ${x})`,
+
+  months_between: (x, y) => `((
+        (EXTRACT(YEAR FROM ${y}) - EXTRACT(YEAR FROM ${x})) * 12
+    )+(
+        EXTRACT(MONTH FROM ${y}) - EXTRACT(MONTH FROM ${x})
+    )+(
+        case when ( cast( to_char(${y},'YYYYMM') as Integer ) < cast( to_char(${x},'YYYYMM') as Integer ) ) then
+            cast((cast( to_char(${y},'DDHH24MISSFF3') as bigint ) > cast( to_char(${x},'DDHH24MISSFF3') as bigint )) as Integer)
+        else
+            cast((cast( to_char(${y},'DDHH24MISSFF3') as bigint ) < cast( to_char(${x},'DDHH24MISSFF3') as bigint )) as Integer) * -1
+        end
+    ))`,
+  years_between(x, y) {
+    return `TRUNC(${this.months_between(x, y)} / 12,0)`
+  },
+}
+
+for (let each in HANAFunctions) HANAFunctions[each.toUpperCase()] = HANAFunctions[each]
+
+module.exports = { ...StandardFunctions, ...HANAFunctions }

package/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+  "name": "@cap-js/postgres",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "CDS database service for Postgres",
+  "homepage": "https://cap.cloud.sap/",
+  "keywords": [
+    "CAP",
+    "CDS",
+    "Postgres"
+  ],
+  "author": "SAP SE (https://www.sap.com)",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "files": [
+    "cds-plugin.js",
+    "lib",
+    "CHANGELOG.md"
+  ],
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=16",
+    "npm": ">=8"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "setup": "docker-compose -f pg-stack.yml up -d",
+    "test": "npm run setup && jest --silent"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@cap-js/db-service": "^1",
+    "pg": "^8"
+  },
+  "peerDependencies": {
+    "@sap/cds": ">=7"
+  },
+  "cds": {
+    "requires": {
+      "kinds": {
+        "sql": {
+          "[production]": {
+            "kind": "postgres"
+          }
+        },
+        "postgres": {
+          "impl": "@cap-js/postgres",
+          "dialect": "postgres",
+          "vcap": {
+            "label": "postgresql-db"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "db": "sql"
+    }
+  },
+  "license": "SEE LICENSE"
+}