@cap-js/db-service 1.13.0 → 1.14.1

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,6 +4,28 @@
 - The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](http://keepachangelog.com/).
 - This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
 
+## [1.14.1](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/compare/db-service-v1.14.0...db-service-v1.14.1) (2024-10-28)
+
+
+### Fixed
+
+* deep delete for views ([#496](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/issues/496)) ([82154ef](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/commit/82154ef8b837f17e81e2516056e03ff215f1dff8))
+* properly support `default`, `cds.on.insert` and `cds.on.update` for `UPSERT` queries ([#425](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/issues/425)) ([338e9f5](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/commit/338e9f5de9109d36013208547fc648c17ce8c7b0))
+* SELECT cds.hana.BINARY ([#870](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/issues/870)) ([33c3ebe](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/commit/33c3ebe84be4c0181b1c230d5f2d332332201ce0))
+
+## [1.14.0](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/compare/db-service-v1.13.0...db-service-v1.14.0) (2024-10-15)
+
+
+### Added
+
+* assoc-like calc elements after exists predicate ([#831](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/issues/831)) ([05f7d75](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/commit/05f7d75837495d58cc4f72ad628077bdebb0acf6))
+
+
+### Fixed
+
+* Improved behavioral consistency between the database services ([#837](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/issues/837)) ([b6f7187](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/commit/b6f718701e48dfb1c4c3d98ee016ec45930f8e7b))
+* Treat assoc-like calculated elements as unmanaged assocs ([#830](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/issues/830)) ([cbe0df7](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/commit/cbe0df7a66fec0d421947767adc8621ed8bf236c))
+
 ## [1.13.0](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/compare/db-service-v1.12.1...db-service-v1.13.0) (2024-10-01)
 
 

package/lib/SQLService.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 const cds = require('@sap/cds'),
   DEBUG = cds.debug('sql|db')
 const { Readable } = require('stream')
-const { resolveView } = require('@sap/cds/libx/_runtime/common/utils/resolveView')
+const { resolveView, getDBTable, getTransition } = require('@sap/cds/libx/_runtime/common/utils/resolveView')
 const DatabaseService = require('./common/DatabaseService')
 const cqn4sql = require('./cqn4sql')
 
@@ -25,14 +25,16 @@ class SQLService extends DatabaseService {
     this.on(['INSERT', 'UPSERT', 'UPDATE'], require('./deep-queries').onDeep)
     if (cds.env.features.db_strict) {
       this.before(['INSERT', 'UPSERT', 'UPDATE'], ({ query }) => {
-        const elements = query.target?.elements; if (!elements) return
+        const elements = query.target?.elements
+        if (!elements) return
         const kind = query.kind || Object.keys(query)[0]
         const operation = query[kind]
         if (!operation.columns && !operation.entries && !operation.data) return
         const columns =
           operation.columns ||
           Object.keys(
-            operation.data || operation.entries?.reduce((acc, obj) => {
+            operation.data ||
+            operation.entries?.reduce((acc, obj) => {
               return Object.assign(acc, obj)
             }, {}),
           )
@@ -214,7 +216,31 @@ class SQLService extends DatabaseService {
     // REVISIT: It's not yet 100 % clear under which circumstances we can rely on db constraints
     return (super.onDELETE = /* cds.env.features.assert_integrity === 'db' ? this.onSIMPLE : */ deep_delete)
     async function deep_delete(/** @type {Request} */ req) {
-      let { compositions } = req.target
+      const transitions = getTransition(req.target, this, false, req.query.cmd || 'DELETE')
+      if (transitions.target !== transitions.queryTarget) {
+        const keys = []
+        const transitionsTarget = transitions.queryTarget.keys || transitions.queryTarget.elements
+        for (const key in transitionsTarget) {
+          const exists = e => e && !e.virtual && !e.value && !e.isAssociation
+          if (exists(transitionsTarget[key])) keys.push(key)
+        }
+        const matchedKeys = keys.filter(key => transitions.mapping.has(key)).map(k => ({ ref: [k] }))
+        const query = DELETE.from({
+          ref: [
+            {
+              id: transitions.target.name,
+              where: [
+                { list: matchedKeys.map(k => transitions.mapping.get(k.ref[0])) },
+                'in',
+                SELECT.from(req.query.DELETE.from).columns(matchedKeys).where(req.query.DELETE.where),
+              ],
+            },
+          ],
+        })
+        return this.onDELETE({ query, target: transitions.target })
+      }
+      const table = getDBTable(req.target)
+      const { compositions } = table
       if (compositions) {
         // Transform CQL`DELETE from Foo[p1] WHERE p2` into CQL`DELETE from Foo[p1 and p2]`
         let { from, where } = req.query.DELETE
@@ -241,6 +267,7 @@ class SQLService extends DatabaseService {
               )
             // Prepare and run deep query, à la CQL`DELETE from Foo[pred]:comp1.comp2...`
             const query = DELETE.from({ ref: [...from.ref, c.name] })
+            query.target = c._target
             return this.onDELETE({ query, depth, visited: [...visited], target: c._target })
           }),
         )
@@ -466,6 +493,10 @@ const sqls = new (class extends SQLService {
   get factory() {
     return null
   }
+
+  get model() {
+    return cds.model
+  }
 })()
 cds.extend(cds.ql.Query).with(
   class {

package/lib/cql-functions.js

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+const cds = require("@sap/cds")
+
 const StandardFunctions = {
   // OData: https://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/odata/v4.01/odata-v4.01-part2-url-conventions.html#sec_CanonicalFunctions
 
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ const StandardFunctions = {
    * @param {string} x
    * @returns {string}
    */
-  countdistinct: x => `count(distinct ${x || '*'})`,
+  countdistinct: x => `count(distinct ${x || cds.error`countdistinct requires a ref to be counted`})`,
   /**
    * Generates SQL statement that produces the index of the first occurrence of the second string in the first string
    * @param {string} x

package/lib/cqn2sql.js

@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@ const cqn4sql = require('./cqn4sql')
 const _simple_queries = cds.env.features.sql_simple_queries
 const _strict_booleans = _simple_queries < 2
 
-const BINARY_TYPES = {
-  'cds.Binary': 1,
-  'cds.LargeBinary': 1,
-  'cds.hana.BINARY': 1,
-}
-
 const { Readable } = require('stream')
 
 const DEBUG = (() => {
@@ -18,8 +12,8 @@ const DEBUG = (() => {
   return cds.debug('sql|sqlite')
   //if (DEBUG) {
   //  return DEBUG
-    // (sql, ...more) => DEBUG (sql.replace(/(?:SELECT[\n\r\s]+(json_group_array\()?[\n\r\s]*json_insert\((\n|\r|.)*?\)[\n\r\s]*\)?[\n\r\s]+as[\n\r\s]+_json_[\n\r\s]+FROM[\n\r\s]*\(|\)[\n\r\s]*(\)[\n\r\s]+AS )|\)$)/gim,(a,b,c,d) => d || ''), ...more)
-    // FIXME: looses closing ) on INSERT queries
+  // (sql, ...more) => DEBUG (sql.replace(/(?:SELECT[\n\r\s]+(json_group_array\()?[\n\r\s]*json_insert\((\n|\r|.)*?\)[\n\r\s]*\)?[\n\r\s]+as[\n\r\s]+_json_[\n\r\s]+FROM[\n\r\s]*\(|\)[\n\r\s]*(\)[\n\r\s]+AS )|\)$)/gim,(a,b,c,d) => d || ''), ...more)
+  // FIXME: looses closing ) on INSERT queries
   //}
 })()
 
@@ -42,6 +36,12 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
     }
   }
 
+  BINARY_TYPES = {
+    'cds.Binary': 1,
+    'cds.LargeBinary': 1,
+    'cds.hana.BINARY': 1,
+  }
+
   static _add_mixins(aspect, mixins) {
     const fqn = this.name + aspect
     const types = cds.builtin.types
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
     this.values = [] // prepare values, filled in by subroutines
     this[kind]((this.cqn = q)) // actual sql rendering happens here
     if (vars?.length && !this.values?.length) this.values = vars
+    if (vars && Object.keys(vars).length && !this.values?.length) this.values = vars
     const sanitize_values = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' && cds.env.log.sanitize_values !== false
     DEBUG?.(
       this.sql,
@@ -116,8 +117,13 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
    * @param {import('./infer/cqn').CREATE} q
    */
   CREATE(q) {
-    const { target } = q,
-      { query } = target
+    let { target } = q
+    let query = target?.query || q.CREATE.as
+    if (!target || target._unresolved) {
+      const entity = q.CREATE.entity
+      target = typeof entity === 'string' ? { name: entity } : q.CREATE.entity
+    }
+
     const name = this.name(target.name)
     // Don't allow place holders inside views
     delete this.values
@@ -136,13 +142,15 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
    */
   CREATE_elements(elements) {
     let sql = ''
+    let keys = ''
     for (let e in elements) {
       const definition = elements[e]
       if (definition.isAssociation) continue
+      if (definition.key) keys = `${keys}, ${this.quote(definition.name)}`
       const s = this.CREATE_element(definition)
-      if (s) sql += `${s}, `
+      if (s) sql += `, ${s}`
     }
-    return sql.slice(0, -2)
+    return `${sql.slice(2)}${keys && `, PRIMARY KEY(${keys.slice(2)})`}`
   }
 
   /**
@@ -203,8 +211,9 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
    */
   DROP(q) {
     const { target } = q
-    const isView = target.query || target.projection
-    return (this.sql = `DROP ${isView ? 'VIEW' : 'TABLE'} IF EXISTS ${this.quote(this.name(target.name))}`)
+    const isView = target?.query || target?.projection || q.DROP.view
+    const name = target?.name || q.DROP.table?.ref?.[0] || q.DROP.view?.ref?.[0]
+    return (this.sql = `DROP ${isView ? 'VIEW' : 'TABLE'} IF EXISTS ${this.quote(this.name(name))}`)
   }
 
   // SELECT Statements ------------------------------------------------
@@ -223,7 +232,7 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
 
     // REVISIT: When selecting from an entity that is not in the model the from.where are not normalized (as cqn4sql is skipped)
     if (!where && from?.ref?.length === 1 && from.ref[0]?.where) where = from.ref[0]?.where
-    let columns = this.SELECT_columns(q)
+    const columns = this.SELECT_columns(q)
     let sql = `SELECT`
     if (distinct) sql += ` DISTINCT`
     if (!_empty(columns)) sql += ` ${columns}`
@@ -484,8 +493,6 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
    */
   INSERT_entries(q) {
     const { INSERT } = q
-    const entity = this.name(q.target?.name || INSERT.into.ref[0])
-    const alias = INSERT.into.as
     const elements = q.elements || q.target?.elements
     if (!elements && !INSERT.entries?.length) {
       return // REVISIT: mtx sends an insert statement without entries and no reference entity
@@ -497,19 +504,14 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
     /** @type {string[]} */
     this.columns = columns
 
+    const alias = INSERT.into.as
+    const entity = this.name(q.target?.name || INSERT.into.ref[0])
     if (!elements) {
       this.entries = INSERT.entries.map(e => columns.map(c => e[c]))
       const param = this.param.bind(this, { ref: ['?'] })
       return (this.sql = `INSERT INTO ${this.quote(entity)}${alias ? ' as ' + this.quote(alias) : ''} (${this.columns.map(c => this.quote(c))}) VALUES (${columns.map(param)})`)
     }
 
-    const extractions = this.managed(
-      columns.map(c => ({ name: c })),
-      elements,
-      !!q.UPSERT,
-    )
-    const extraction = extractions.map(c => c.sql)
-
     // Include this.values for placeholders
     /** @type {unknown[][]} */
     this.entries = []
@@ -523,8 +525,9 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
       this.entries = [[...this.values, stream]]
     }
 
+    const extractions = this._managed = this.managed(columns.map(c => ({ name: c })), elements)
     return (this.sql = `INSERT INTO ${this.quote(entity)}${alias ? ' as ' + this.quote(alias) : ''} (${this.columns.map(c => this.quote(c))
-      }) SELECT ${extraction} FROM json_each(?)`)
+      }) SELECT ${extractions.map(c => c.insert)} FROM json_each(?)`)
   }
 
   async *INSERT_entries_stream(entries, binaryEncoding = 'base64') {
@@ -562,7 +565,7 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
 
           buffer += '"'
         } else {
-          if (elements[key]?.type in BINARY_TYPES) {
+          if (elements[key]?.type in this.BINARY_TYPES) {
             val = transformBase64(val)
           }
           buffer += `${keyJSON}${JSON.stringify(val)}`
@@ -610,7 +613,7 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
 
           buffer += '"'
         } else {
-          if (elements[this.columns[key]]?.type in BINARY_TYPES) {
+          if (elements[this.columns[key]]?.type in this.BINARY_TYPES) {
             val = transformBase64(val)
           }
           buffer += `${sepsub}${val === undefined ? 'null' : JSON.stringify(val)}`
@@ -639,18 +642,7 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
     const entity = this.name(q.target?.name || INSERT.into.ref[0])
     const alias = INSERT.into.as
     const elements = q.elements || q.target?.elements
-    const columns = INSERT.columns
-      || cds.error`Cannot insert rows without columns or elements`
-
-    const inputConverter = this.class._convertInput
-    const extraction = columns.map((c, i) => {
-      const extract = `value->>'$[${i}]'`
-      const element = elements?.[c]
-      const converter = element?.[inputConverter]
-      return converter?.(extract, element) || extract
-    })
-
-    this.columns = columns
+    const columns = this.columns = INSERT.columns || cds.error`Cannot insert rows without columns or elements`
 
     if (!elements) {
       this.entries = INSERT.rows
@@ -668,6 +660,10 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
       this.entries = [[...this.values, stream]]
     }
 
+    const extraction = (this._managed = this.managed(columns.map(c => ({ name: c })), elements))
+      .slice(0, columns.length)
+      .map(c => c.converter(c.extract))
+
     return (this.sql = `INSERT INTO ${this.quote(entity)}${alias ? ' as ' + this.quote(alias) : ''} (${this.columns.map(c => this.quote(c))
       }) SELECT ${extraction} FROM json_each(?)`)
   }
@@ -679,7 +675,7 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
    */
   INSERT_values(q) {
     let { columns, values } = q.INSERT
-    return this.INSERT_rows({ __proto__: q, INSERT: { __proto__: q.INSERT, columns, rows: [values] } })
+    return this.render({ __proto__: q, INSERT: { __proto__: q.INSERT, columns, rows: [values] } })
   }
 
   /**
@@ -730,14 +726,37 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
    */
   UPSERT(q) {
     const { UPSERT } = q
-    const elements = q.target?.elements || {}
+
     let sql = this.INSERT({ __proto__: q, INSERT: UPSERT })
-    let keys = q.target?.keys
-    if (!keys) return this.sql = sql
-    keys = Object.keys(keys).filter(k => !keys[k].isAssociation && !keys[k].virtual)
+    if (!q.target?.keys) return sql
+    const keys = []
+    for (const k of ObjectKeys(q.target?.keys)) {
+      const element = q.target.keys[k]
+      if (element.isAssociation || element.virtual) continue
+      keys.push(k)
+    }
+
+    const elements = q.target?.elements || {}
+    // temporal data
+    for (const k of ObjectKeys(elements)) {
+      if (elements[k]['@cds.valid.from']) keys.push(k)
+    }
+
+    const keyCompare = keys
+      .map(k => `NEW.${this.quote(k)}=OLD.${this.quote(k)}`)
+      .join(' AND ')
+
+    const columns = this.columns // this.columns is computed as part of this.INSERT
+    const managed = this._managed.slice(0, columns.length)
+
+    const extractkeys = managed
+      .filter(c => keys.includes(c.name))
+      .map(c => `${c.onInsert || c.sql} as ${this.quote(c.name)}`)
 
-    let updateColumns = q.UPSERT.entries ? Object.keys(q.UPSERT.entries[0]) : this.columns
-    updateColumns = updateColumns.filter(c => {
+    const entity = this.name(q.target?.name || UPSERT.into.ref[0])
+    sql = `SELECT ${managed.map(c => c.upsert)} FROM (SELECT value, ${extractkeys} from json_each(?)) as NEW LEFT JOIN ${this.quote(entity)} AS OLD ON ${keyCompare}`
+
+    const updateColumns = columns.filter(c => {
       if (keys.includes(c)) return false //> keys go into ON CONFLICT clause
       let e = elements[c]
       if (!e) return true //> pass through to native SQL columns not in CDS model
@@ -747,14 +766,8 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
       else return true
     }).map(c => `${this.quote(c)} = excluded.${this.quote(c)}`)
 
-    // temporal data
-    keys.push(...Object.values(q.target.elements).filter(e => e['@cds.valid.from']).map(e => e.name))
-
-    keys = keys.map(k => this.quote(k))
-    const conflict = updateColumns.length
-      ? `ON CONFLICT(${keys}) DO UPDATE SET ` + updateColumns
-      : `ON CONFLICT(${keys}) DO NOTHING`
-    return (this.sql = `${sql} WHERE true ${conflict}`)
+    return (this.sql = `INSERT INTO ${this.quote(entity)} (${columns.map(c => this.quote(c))}) ${sql
+      } WHERE TRUE ON CONFLICT(${keys.map(c => this.quote(c))}) DO ${updateColumns.length ? `UPDATE SET ${updateColumns}` : 'NOTHING'}`)
   }
 
   // UPDATE Statements ------------------------------------------------
@@ -783,7 +796,9 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
       }
     }
 
-    const extraction = this.managed(columns, elements, true).map(c => `${this.quote(c.name)}=${c.sql}`)
+    const extraction = this.managed(columns, elements)
+      .filter((c, i) => columns[i] || c.onUpdate)
+      .map((c, i) => `${this.quote(c.name)}=${!columns[i] ? c.onUpdate : c.sql}`)
 
     sql += ` SET ${extraction}`
     if (where) sql += ` WHERE ${this.where(where)}`
@@ -1035,56 +1050,104 @@ class CQN2SQLRenderer {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Convers the columns array into an array of SQL expressions that extract the correct value from inserted JSON data
+   * Converts the columns array into an array of SQL expressions that extract the correct value from inserted JSON data
    * @param {object[]} columns
    * @param {import('./infer/cqn').elements} elements
    * @param {Boolean} isUpdate
    * @returns {string[]} Array of SQL expressions for processing input JSON data
    */
-  managed(columns, elements, isUpdate = false) {
-    const annotation = isUpdate ? '@cds.on.update' : '@cds.on.insert'
+  managed(columns, elements) {
+    const cdsOnInsert = '@cds.on.insert'
+    const cdsOnUpdate = '@cds.on.update'
+
     const { _convertInput } = this.class
     // Ensure that missing managed columns are added
     const requiredColumns = !elements
       ? []
-      : Object.keys(elements)
-        .filter(
-          e =>
-            (elements[e]?.[annotation] || (!isUpdate && elements[e]?.default && !elements[e].virtual && !elements[e].isAssociation)) &&
-            !columns.find(c => c.name === e),
-        )
+      : ObjectKeys(elements)
+        .filter(e => {
+          const element = elements[e]
+          // Actual mandatory check
+          if (!(element.default || element[cdsOnInsert] || element[cdsOnUpdate])) return false
+          // Physical column check
+          if (!element || element.virtual || element.isAssociation) return false
+          // Existence check
+          if (columns.find(c => c.name === e)) return false
+          return true
+        })
         .map(name => ({ name, sql: 'NULL' }))
 
+    const keys = ObjectKeys(elements).filter(e => elements[e].key && !elements[e].isAssociation)
+    const keyZero = keys[0] && this.quote(keys[0])
+
     return [...columns, ...requiredColumns].map(({ name, sql }) => {
-      let element = elements?.[name] || {}
-      if (!sql) sql = `value->>'$."${name}"'`
-
-      let converter = element[_convertInput]
-      if (converter && sql[0] !== '$') sql = converter(sql, element)
-
-      let val = _managed[element[annotation]?.['=']]
-      if (val) sql = `coalesce(${sql}, ${this.func({ func: 'session_context', args: [{ val, param: false }] })})`
-      else if (!isUpdate && element.default) {
-        const d = element.default
-        if (d.val !== undefined || d.ref?.[0] === '$now') {
-          // REVISIT: d.ref is not used afterwards
-          sql = `(CASE WHEN json_type(value,'$."${name}"') IS NULL THEN ${this.defaultValue(d.val) // REVISIT: this.defaultValue is a strange function
-            } ELSE ${sql} END)`
-        }
+      const element = elements?.[name] || {}
+
+      const converter = a => element[_convertInput]?.(a, element) || a
+      let extract
+      if (!sql) {
+        ({ sql, extract } = this.managed_extract(name, element, converter))
+      } else {
+        extract = sql = converter(sql)
       }
+      // if (sql[0] !== '$') sql = converter(sql, element)
+
+      let onInsert = this.managed_session_context(element[cdsOnInsert]?.['='])
+        || this.managed_session_context(element.default?.ref?.[0])
+        || (element.default?.val !== undefined && { val: element.default.val, param: false })
+      let onUpdate = this.managed_session_context(element[cdsOnUpdate]?.['='])
+
+      if (onInsert) onInsert = this.expr(onInsert)
+      if (onUpdate) onUpdate = this.expr(onUpdate)
+
+      const qname = this.quote(name)
+
+      const insert = onInsert ? this.managed_default(name, converter(onInsert), sql) : sql
+      const update = onUpdate ? this.managed_default(name, converter(onUpdate), sql) : sql
+      const upsert = keyZero && (
+        // upsert requires the keys to be provided for the existance join (default values optional)
+        element.key
+          // If both insert and update have the same managed definition exclude the old value check
+          || (onInsert && onUpdate && insert === update)
+          ? `${insert} as ${qname}`
+          : `CASE WHEN OLD.${keyZero} IS NULL THEN ${
+          // If key of old is null execute insert
+          insert
+          } ELSE ${
+          // Else execute managed update or keep old if no new data if provided
+          onUpdate ? update : this.managed_default(name, `OLD.${qname}`, update)
+          } END as ${qname}`
+      )
 
-      return { name, sql }
+      return {
+        name, // Element name
+        sql, // Reference SQL
+        extract, // Source SQL
+        converter, // Converter logic
+        // action specific full logic
+        insert, update, upsert,
+        // action specific isolated logic
+        onInsert, onUpdate
+      }
     })
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Returns the default value
-   * @param {string} defaultValue
-   * @returns {string}
-   */
-  // REVISIT: This is a strange method, also overridden inconsistently in postgres
-  defaultValue(defaultValue = this.context.timestamp.toISOString()) {
-    return typeof defaultValue === 'string' ? this.string(defaultValue) : defaultValue
+  managed_extract(name, element, converter) {
+    const { UPSERT, INSERT } = this.cqn
+    const extract = !(INSERT?.entries || UPSERT?.entries) && (INSERT?.rows || UPSERT?.rows)
+      ? `value->>'$[${this.columns.indexOf(name)}]'`
+      : `value->>'$."${name.replace(/"/g, '""')}"'`
+    const sql = converter?.(extract) || extract
+    return { extract, sql }
+  }
+
+  managed_session_context(src) {
+    const val = _managed[src]
+    return val && { func: 'session_context', args: [{ val, param: false }] }
+  }
+
+  managed_default(name, managed, src) {
+    return `(CASE WHEN json_type(value,${this.managed_extract(name).extract.slice(8)}) IS NULL THEN ${managed} ELSE ${src} END)`
   }
 }
 

package/lib/cqn4sql.js

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ const cds = require('@sap/cds')
 
 const infer = require('./infer')
 const { computeColumnsToBeSearched } = require('./search')
-const { prettyPrintRef } = require('./utils')
+const { prettyPrintRef, isCalculatedOnRead, isCalculatedElement } = require('./utils')
 
 /**
  * For operators of <eqOps>, this is replaced by comparing all leaf elements with null, combined with and.
@@ -317,10 +317,6 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model) {
     }
   }
 
-  function isCalculatedOnRead(def) {
-    return def?.value && !def.value.stored
-  }
-
   /**
    * Walks over a list of columns (ref's, xpr, subqueries, val), applies flattening on structured types and expands wildcards.
    *
@@ -809,7 +805,7 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model) {
     const subqueryBase = {}
     for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(column)) {
       if (!(key in { ref: true, expand: true })) {
-      subqueryBase[key] = value;
+        subqueryBase[key] = value
       }
     }
     const subquery = {
@@ -1365,20 +1361,17 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model) {
 
           const as = getNextAvailableTableAlias(getLastStringSegment(next.alias))
           next.alias = as
-          if (next.definition.value) {
-            throw new Error(
-              `Calculated elements cannot be used in “exists” predicates in: “exists ${tokenStream[i + 1].ref
-                .map(idOnly)
-                .join('.')}”`,
-            )
-          }
           if (!next.definition.target) {
+            let type = next.definition.type
+            if (isCalculatedElement(next.definition)) {
+              // try to infer the type at the leaf for better error message
+              const { $refLinks } = next.definition.value
+              type = $refLinks?.at(-1).definition.type || 'expression'
+            }
             throw new Error(
               `Expecting path “${tokenStream[i + 1].ref
                 .map(idOnly)
-                .join('.')}” following “EXISTS” predicate to end with association/composition, found “${
-                next.definition.type
-              }”`,
+                .join('.')}” following “EXISTS” predicate to end with association/composition, found “${type}”`,
             )
           }
           const { definition: fkSource } = next

package/lib/infer/index.js

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ const cds = require('@sap/cds')
 
 const JoinTree = require('./join-tree')
 const { pseudos } = require('./pseudos')
+const { isCalculatedOnRead } = require('../utils')
 const cdsTypes = cds.linked({
   definitions: {
     Timestamp: { type: 'cds.Timestamp' },
@@ -746,7 +747,7 @@ function infer(originalQuery, model) {
           joinTree.mergeColumn(colWithBase, originalQuery.outerQueries)
         }
       }
-      if (leafArt.value && !leafArt.value.stored) {
+      if (isCalculatedOnRead(leafArt)) {
         linkCalculatedElement(column, $baseLink, baseColumn)
       }
 
@@ -1054,7 +1055,7 @@ function infer(originalQuery, model) {
             if (element.type !== 'cds.LargeBinary') {
               queryElements[k] = element
             }
-            if (element.value) {
+            if (isCalculatedOnRead(element)) {
               linkCalculatedElement(element)
             }
           }
@@ -1071,7 +1072,7 @@ function infer(originalQuery, model) {
         if (exclude(name) || name in queryElements) return true
         const element = tableAliases[0].tableAlias.elements[name]
         if (element.type !== 'cds.LargeBinary') queryElements[name] = element
-        if (element.value) {
+        if (isCalculatedOnRead(element)) {
           linkCalculatedElement(element)
         }
       })

package/lib/utils.js

@@ -21,7 +21,26 @@ function prettyPrintRef(ref, model = null) {
   }, '')
 }
 
+/**
+ * Determines if a definition is calculated on read.
+ * - Stored calculated elements are not unfolded
+ * - Association like calculated elements have been re-written by the compiler
+ *   they essentially behave like unmanaged associations as their calculations
+ *   have been incorporated into an on-condition which is handled elsewhere
+ *
+ * @param {Object} def - The definition to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} - Returns true if the definition is calculated on read, otherwise false.
+ */
+function isCalculatedOnRead(def) {
+  return isCalculatedElement(def) && !def.value.stored && !def.on
+}
+function isCalculatedElement(def) {
+  return def?.value
+}
+
 // export the function to be used in other modules
 module.exports = {
   prettyPrintRef,
+  isCalculatedOnRead,
+  isCalculatedElement
 }

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@cap-js/db-service",
-  "version": "1.13.0",
+  "version": "1.14.1",
   "description": "CDS base database service",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/tree/main/db-service#cds-base-database-service",
   "repository": {
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     "CHANGELOG.md"
   ],
   "scripts": {
-    "test": "jest --silent"
+    "test": "cds-test"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "generic-pool": "^3.9.0"