@calcit/ternary-tree 0.0.18 → 0.0.19-a1

package/src/map.ts

@@ -1,1341 +0,0 @@
-import { TernaryTreeMap, TernaryTreeKind, TernaryTreeMapTheLeaf, TernaryTreeMapTheBranch, RefInt, Hash, hashGenerator, TernaryTreeMapHashEntry } from "./types";
-import { divideTernarySizes, roughIntPow, cmp, dataEqual } from "./utils";
-
-let emptyBranch: TernaryTreeMap<any, any> = null as any;
-let nilResult = null as any;
-
-function getMax<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>): Hash {
-  if (tree == null) {
-    throw new Error("Cannot find max hash of nil");
-  }
-  switch (tree.kind) {
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf:
-      return tree.hash;
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch:
-      return tree.maxHash;
-    default:
-      throw new Error("Unknown");
-  }
-}
-
-function getMin<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>): Hash {
-  if (tree == null) {
-    throw new Error("Cannot find min hash of nil");
-  }
-  switch (tree.kind) {
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf:
-      return tree.hash;
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch:
-      return tree.minHash;
-    default:
-      throw new Error("Unknown");
-  }
-}
-
-export function getMapDepth<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>): number {
-  // console.log( "calling...", tree)
-  if (tree == null) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  switch (tree.kind) {
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf:
-      return 1;
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch:
-      return Math.max(getMapDepth(tree.left), getMapDepth(tree.middle), getMapDepth(tree.right)) + 1;
-    default:
-      throw new Error("Unknown");
-  }
-}
-
-function createLeaf<K, T>(k: K, v: T): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  let result: TernaryTreeMapTheLeaf<K, T> = {
-    kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf,
-    hash: hashGenerator(k),
-    elements: [[k, v]],
-  };
-  return result;
-}
-
-function createLeafFromHashEntry<K, T>(item: TernaryTreeMapHashEntry<K, T>): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  let result: TernaryTreeMap<K, T> = {
-    kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf,
-    hash: item.hash,
-    elements: item.pairs,
-  };
-  return result;
-}
-
-// this proc is not exported, pick up next proc as the entry.
-// pairs must be sorted before passing to proc.
-function makeTernaryTreeMap<K, T>(size: number, offset: number, xs: /* var */ Array<TernaryTreeMapHashEntry<K, T>>): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  switch (size) {
-    case 0: {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMap<K, T> = emptyBranch;
-      return result;
-    }
-    case 1: {
-      let leftPair = xs[offset];
-      let result: TernaryTreeMap<K, T> = createLeafFromHashEntry(leftPair);
-      return result;
-    }
-    case 2: {
-      let leftPair = xs[offset];
-      let middlePair = xs[offset + 1];
-      let result: TernaryTreeMap<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: middlePair.hash,
-        minHash: leftPair.hash,
-        left: createLeafFromHashEntry(leftPair),
-        middle: createLeafFromHashEntry(middlePair),
-        right: emptyBranch,
-        depth: 1,
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-    case 3: {
-      let leftPair = xs[offset];
-      let middlePair = xs[offset + 1];
-      let rightPair = xs[offset + 2];
-      let result: TernaryTreeMap<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: rightPair.hash,
-        minHash: leftPair.hash,
-        left: createLeafFromHashEntry(leftPair),
-        middle: createLeafFromHashEntry(middlePair),
-        right: createLeafFromHashEntry(rightPair),
-        depth: 1,
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-    default: {
-      let divided = divideTernarySizes(size);
-
-      let left = makeTernaryTreeMap(divided.left, offset, xs);
-      let middle = makeTernaryTreeMap(divided.middle, offset + divided.left, xs);
-      let right = makeTernaryTreeMap(divided.right, offset + divided.left + divided.middle, xs);
-
-      let result: TernaryTreeMap<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: getMax(right),
-        minHash: getMin(left),
-        left: left,
-        middle: middle,
-        right: right,
-        depth: Math.max(getMapDepth(left), getMapDepth(middle), getMapDepth(right)) + 1,
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-export function initTernaryTreeMapFromHashEntries<K, T>(xs: Array<TernaryTreeMapHashEntry<K, T>>): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  return makeTernaryTreeMap(xs.length, 0, xs);
-}
-
-export function initTernaryTreeMap<K, T>(t: Map<K, T>): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  let groupBuffers: Map<number, Array<[K, T]>> = new Map();
-  let xs: Array<TernaryTreeMapHashEntry<K, T>> = [];
-  for (let [k, v] of t) {
-    let h = hashGenerator(k);
-    if (groupBuffers.has(h)) {
-      let branch = groupBuffers.get(h);
-      if (branch != null) {
-        branch.push([k, v]);
-      } else {
-        throw new Error("Expected referece to pairs");
-      }
-    } else {
-      let pairs: [K, T][] = [[k, v]];
-      groupBuffers.set(h, pairs);
-      xs.push({
-        hash: h,
-        pairs,
-      });
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (let [k, v] of groupBuffers) {
-    if (v != null) {
-    } else {
-      throw new Error("Expected reference to paris");
-    }
-  }
-
-  // MUTABLE in-place sort
-  xs.sort((a, b) => cmp(a.hash, b.hash));
-
-  let result = initTernaryTreeMapFromHashEntries(xs);
-  // checkMapStructure(result);
-  return result;
-}
-
-// use for..in for performance
-export function initTernaryTreeMapFromArray<K, T>(t: Array<[K, T]>): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  let groupBuffers: Record<number, Array<[K, T]>> = {};
-  let xs: Array<TernaryTreeMapHashEntry<K, T>> = [];
-  for (let idx = 0; idx < t.length; idx++) {
-    let k = t[idx][0];
-    let v = t[idx][1];
-    let h = hashGenerator(k);
-    if (groupBuffers[h] != null) {
-      let branch = groupBuffers[h];
-      if (branch != null) {
-        branch.push([k, v]);
-      } else {
-        throw new Error("Expected referece to pairs");
-      }
-    } else {
-      let pairs: [K, T][] = [[k, v]];
-      groupBuffers[h] = pairs;
-      xs.push({
-        hash: h,
-        pairs: pairs,
-      });
-    }
-  }
-
-  // MUTABLE in-place sort
-  xs.sort((a, b) => cmp(a.hash, b.hash));
-
-  let result = initTernaryTreeMapFromHashEntries(xs);
-  // checkMapStructure(result);
-  return result;
-}
-
-// for empty map
-export function initEmptyTernaryTreeMap<K, T>(): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  let result: TernaryTreeMap<K, T> = emptyBranch;
-  return result;
-}
-
-export function mapToString<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>): string {
-  return `TernaryTreeMap[${mapLen(tree)}, ...]`;
-}
-
-export function mapLen<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>): number {
-  if (tree == null) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  switch (tree.kind) {
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf:
-      return tree.elements.length;
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch:
-      return mapLen(tree.left) + mapLen(tree.middle) + mapLen(tree.right); // TODO
-    default:
-      throw new Error("Unknown");
-  }
-}
-
-// when size succeeds bound, no longer counting, faster than traversing whole tree
-export function mapLenBound<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>, bound: number): number {
-  if (tree == null) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  switch (tree.kind) {
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf:
-      return tree.elements.length;
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch:
-      let ret = mapLenBound(tree.left, bound);
-      if (ret > bound) {
-        return ret;
-      }
-      ret = ret + mapLenBound(tree.middle, bound);
-      if (ret > bound) {
-        return ret;
-      }
-      ret = ret + mapLenBound(tree.right, bound);
-      return ret;
-    default:
-      throw new Error("Unknown");
-  }
-}
-
-export function formatMapInline<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>, withHash: boolean = false): string {
-  if (tree == null) {
-    return "_";
-  }
-  switch (tree.kind) {
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf:
-      if (withHash) {
-        return `${tree.hash}->${tree.elements[0][0]}:${tree.elements[0][1]}`; // TODO show whole list
-      } else {
-        return `${tree.elements[0][0]}:${tree.elements[0][1]}`;
-      }
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch: {
-      return "(" + formatMapInline(tree.left, withHash) + " " + formatMapInline(tree.middle, withHash) + " " + formatMapInline(tree.right, withHash) + ")";
-    }
-
-    default:
-      throw new Error("Unknown");
-  }
-}
-
-export function isMapEmpty<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>): boolean {
-  if (tree == null) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  switch (tree.kind) {
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf:
-      return false;
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch:
-      return tree.left == null && tree.middle == null && tree.right == null;
-    default:
-      throw new Error("Unknown");
-  }
-}
-
-export function isMapOfOne<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>, counted: number = 0): boolean {
-  if (tree == null) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  switch (tree.kind) {
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf:
-      return false;
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch:
-      return tree.left == null && tree.middle == null && tree.right == null;
-    default:
-      throw new Error("Unknown");
-  }
-}
-
-function collectHashSortedArray<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, acc: /* var */ Array<[K, T]>, idx: RefInt): void {
-  if (tree == null || isMapEmpty(tree)) {
-    // discard
-  } else {
-    switch (tree.kind) {
-      case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf: {
-        for (let i = 0; i < tree.elements.length; i++) {
-          let item = tree.elements[i];
-          acc[idx.value] = item;
-          idx.value = idx.value + 1;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch: {
-        collectHashSortedArray(tree.left, acc, idx);
-        collectHashSortedArray(tree.middle, acc, idx);
-        collectHashSortedArray(tree.right, acc, idx);
-        break;
-      }
-      default:
-        throw new Error("Unknown");
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// sorted by hash(tree.key)
-export function toHashSortedPairs<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>): Array<[K, T]> {
-  let acc = new Array<[K, T]>(mapLen(tree));
-  let idx: RefInt = { value: 0 };
-  collectHashSortedArray(tree, acc, idx);
-  return acc;
-}
-
-function collectOrderedHashEntries<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, acc: /* var */ Array<TernaryTreeMapHashEntry<K, T>>, idx: RefInt): void {
-  if (tree == null || isMapEmpty(tree)) {
-    // discard
-  } else {
-    switch (tree.kind) {
-      case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf: {
-        acc[idx.value] = { hash: tree.hash, pairs: tree.elements };
-        idx.value = idx.value + 1;
-        break;
-      }
-      case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch: {
-        collectOrderedHashEntries(tree.left, acc, idx);
-        collectOrderedHashEntries(tree.middle, acc, idx);
-        collectOrderedHashEntries(tree.right, acc, idx);
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        throw new Error("Unknown");
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// for reusing leaves during rebalancing
-function toOrderedHashEntries<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>): Array<TernaryTreeMapHashEntry<K, T>> {
-  let acc = new Array<TernaryTreeMapHashEntry<K, T>>(mapLen(tree));
-  let idx: RefInt = { value: 0 };
-  collectOrderedHashEntries(tree, acc, idx);
-  return acc;
-}
-
-export function contains<K, T>(originalTree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, item: K): boolean {
-  if (originalTree == null) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // TODO
-
-  // reduce redundant computation by reusing hash result
-  let hx = hashGenerator(item);
-
-  let tree = originalTree;
-
-  whileLoop: while (tree != null) {
-    if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      if (hx === tree.hash) {
-        let size = tree.elements.length;
-        for (let idx = 0; idx < size; idx++) {
-          let pair = tree.elements[idx];
-          if (dataEqual(pair[0], item)) {
-            return true;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    // echo "looking for: ", hx, " ", item, " in ", tree.formatInline(true)
-    if (tree.left == null) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (tree.left.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      if (hx < tree.left.hash) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (tree.left.hash === hx) {
-        tree = tree.left;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (hx < tree.left.minHash) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (hx <= tree.left.maxHash) {
-        tree = tree.left;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (tree.middle == null) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (tree.middle.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      if (hx < tree.middle.hash) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (tree.middle.hash === hx) {
-        tree = tree.middle;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (hx < tree.middle.minHash) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (hx <= tree.middle.maxHash) {
-        tree = tree.middle;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (tree.right == null) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (tree.right.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      if (hx < tree.right.hash) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (tree.right.hash === hx) {
-        tree = tree.right;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (hx < tree.right.minHash) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (hx <= tree.right.maxHash) {
-        tree = tree.right;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-export function mapGetDefault<K, T>(originalTree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, item: K, v0: T): T {
-  let hx = hashGenerator(item);
-
-  let tree = originalTree;
-
-  whileLoop: while (tree != null) {
-    if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      let size = tree.elements.length;
-      for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        let pair = tree.elements[i];
-        if (dataEqual(pair[0], item)) {
-          return pair[1];
-        }
-      }
-      return v0;
-    }
-
-    // echo "looking for: ", hx, " ", item, " in ", tree.formatInline
-
-    if (tree.left == null) {
-      return v0;
-    }
-    if (tree.left.kind == TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      if (hx < tree.left.hash) {
-        return v0;
-      }
-      if (tree.left.hash === hx) {
-        tree = tree.left;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (hx < tree.left.minHash) {
-        return v0;
-      }
-      if (hx <= tree.left.maxHash) {
-        tree = tree.left;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (tree.middle == null) {
-      return v0;
-    }
-    if (tree.middle.kind == TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      if (hx < tree.middle.hash) {
-        return v0;
-      }
-      if (tree.middle.hash === hx) {
-        tree = tree.middle;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (hx < tree.middle.minHash) {
-        return v0;
-      }
-      if (hx <= tree.middle.maxHash) {
-        tree = tree.middle;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (tree.right == null) {
-      return v0;
-    }
-    if (tree.right.kind == TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      if (hx < tree.right.hash) {
-        return v0;
-      }
-      if (tree.right.hash === hx) {
-        tree = tree.right;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (hx < tree.right.minHash) {
-        return v0;
-      }
-      if (hx <= tree.right.maxHash) {
-        tree = tree.right;
-        continue whileLoop; // notice, it jumps to while loop
-      }
-    }
-
-    return v0;
-  }
-
-  return v0;
-}
-
-// leaves on the left has smaller hashes
-// TODO check sizes, hashes
-export function checkMapStructure<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>): boolean {
-  if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-    for (let i = 0; i < tree.elements.length; i++) {
-      let pair = tree.elements[i];
-      if (pair.length !== 2) {
-        throw new Error("Expected pair to br [k,v] :" + pair);
-      }
-      if (tree.hash !== hashGenerator(pair[0])) {
-        throw new Error(`Bad hash at leaf node ${tree}`);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (mapLenBound(tree, 2) !== 1) {
-      throw new Error(`Bad len at leaf node ${tree}`);
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (tree.left == null) {
-      if (tree.middle != null) {
-        throw new Error("Layout is not compact");
-      }
-      if (tree.middle != null) {
-        throw new Error("Layout is not compact");
-      }
-    }
-    if (tree.middle == null) {
-      if (tree.right != null) {
-        throw new Error("Layout is not compact");
-      }
-    }
-    if (tree.left != null && tree.middle != null) {
-      if (getMax(tree.left) >= getMin(tree.middle)) {
-        throw new Error(`Wrong hash order at left/middle branches ${formatMapInline(tree, true)}`);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (tree.left != null && tree.right != null) {
-      if (getMax(tree.left) >= getMin(tree.right)) {
-        console.log(getMax(tree.left), getMin(tree.right));
-        throw new Error(`Wrong hash order at left/right branches ${formatMapInline(tree, true)}`);
-      }
-    }
-    if (tree.middle != null && tree.right != null) {
-      if (getMax(tree.middle) >= getMin(tree.right)) {
-        throw new Error(`Wrong hash order at middle/right branches ${formatMapInline(tree, true)}`);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (tree.left != null) {
-      checkMapStructure(tree.left);
-    }
-    if (tree.middle != null) {
-      checkMapStructure(tree.middle);
-    }
-    if (tree.right != null) {
-      checkMapStructure(tree.right);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-function rangeContainsHash<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, thisHash: Hash): boolean {
-  if (tree == null) {
-    return false;
-  } else if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-    return tree.hash === thisHash;
-  } else {
-    return thisHash >= tree.minHash && thisHash <= tree.maxHash;
-  }
-}
-
-function assocExisted<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, key: K, item: T, thisHash: Hash = null as any): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  if (tree == null || isMapEmpty(tree)) {
-    throw new Error("Cannot call assoc on nil");
-  }
-
-  thisHash = thisHash ?? hashGenerator(key);
-
-  if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-    if (tree.hash !== thisHash) {
-      throw new Error("Expected hashes to be identical, otherwise element is missing");
-    }
-    let newPairs = new Array<[K, T]>(tree.elements.length);
-    let replaced = false;
-    let size = tree.elements.length;
-    for (let idx = 0; idx < size; idx++) {
-      let pair = tree.elements[idx];
-      if (dataEqual(pair[0], key)) {
-        newPairs[idx] = [key, item];
-        replaced = true;
-      } else {
-        newPairs[idx] = pair;
-      }
-    }
-    if (replaced) {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMap<K, T> = { kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf, hash: thisHash, elements: newPairs };
-      return result;
-    } else {
-      throw new Error("Unexpected missing hash in assoc, invalid branch");
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (thisHash < tree.minHash) throw new Error("Unexpected missing hash in assoc, hash too small");
-  else if (thisHash > tree.maxHash) throw new Error("Unexpected missing hash in assoc, hash too large");
-
-  if (tree.left == null) {
-    throw new Error("Unexpected missing hash in assoc, found not branch");
-  }
-  if (rangeContainsHash(tree.left, thisHash)) {
-    let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-      kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-      maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-      minHash: tree.minHash,
-      left: assocExisted(tree.left, key, item, thisHash),
-      middle: tree.middle,
-      right: tree.right,
-      depth: 0, // TODO
-    };
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  if (tree.middle == null) {
-    throw new Error("Unexpected missing hash in assoc, found not branch");
-  }
-  if (rangeContainsHash(tree.middle, thisHash)) {
-    let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-      kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-      maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-      minHash: tree.minHash,
-      left: tree.left,
-      middle: assocExisted(tree.middle, key, item, thisHash),
-      right: tree.right,
-      depth: 0, // TODO
-    };
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  if (tree.right == null) {
-    throw new Error("Unexpected missing hash in assoc, found not branch");
-  }
-  if (rangeContainsHash(tree.right, thisHash)) {
-    let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-      kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-      maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-      minHash: tree.minHash,
-      left: tree.left,
-      middle: tree.middle,
-      right: assocExisted(tree.right, key, item, thisHash),
-      depth: 0, // TODO
-    };
-    return result;
-  }
-  throw new Error("Unexpected missing hash in assoc, found not branch");
-}
-
-function assocNew<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, key: K, item: T, thisHash: Hash = null as any): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  // echo fmt"assoc new: {key} to {tree.formatInline}"
-  if (tree == null || isMapEmpty(tree)) {
-    return createLeaf(key, item);
-  }
-
-  thisHash = thisHash ?? hashGenerator(key);
-
-  if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-    if (thisHash > tree.hash) {
-      let childBranch: TernaryTreeMapTheLeaf<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf,
-        hash: thisHash,
-        elements: [[key, item]],
-      };
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: thisHash,
-        minHash: tree.hash,
-        left: tree,
-        middle: childBranch,
-        right: emptyBranch,
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    } else if (thisHash < tree.hash) {
-      let childBranch: TernaryTreeMapTheLeaf<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf,
-        hash: thisHash,
-        elements: [[key, item]],
-      };
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: tree.hash,
-        minHash: thisHash,
-        left: childBranch,
-        middle: tree,
-        right: emptyBranch,
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    } else {
-      let size = tree.elements.length;
-      for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        let pair = tree.elements[i];
-        if (dataEqual(pair[0], key)) {
-          throw new Error("Unexpected existed key in assoc");
-        }
-      }
-      let newPairs = new Array<[K, T]>(tree.elements.length + 1);
-      for (let idx = 0; idx < size; idx++) {
-        let pair = tree.elements[idx];
-        newPairs[idx] = pair;
-      }
-      newPairs[tree.elements.length] = [key, item];
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheLeaf<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf,
-        hash: tree.hash,
-        elements: newPairs,
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (thisHash < tree.minHash) {
-      if (tree.right == null) {
-        let childBranch: TernaryTreeMapTheLeaf<K, T> = {
-          kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf,
-          hash: thisHash,
-          elements: [[key, item]],
-        };
-        let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-          kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-          maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-          minHash: thisHash,
-          left: childBranch,
-          middle: tree.left,
-          right: tree.middle,
-          depth: 0, // TODO
-        };
-        return result;
-      } else {
-        let childBranch: TernaryTreeMapTheLeaf<K, T> = {
-          kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf,
-          hash: thisHash,
-          elements: [[key, item]],
-        };
-        let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-          kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-          maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-          minHash: thisHash,
-          left: childBranch,
-          middle: tree,
-          right: emptyBranch,
-          depth: 0, // TODO
-        };
-        return result;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (thisHash > tree.maxHash) {
-      // in compact layout, left arm must be existed
-      if (tree.middle == null) {
-        let childBranch: TernaryTreeMapTheLeaf<K, T> = {
-          kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf,
-          hash: thisHash,
-          elements: [[key, item]],
-        };
-        let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-          kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-          maxHash: thisHash,
-          minHash: tree.minHash,
-          left: tree.left,
-          middle: childBranch,
-          right: emptyBranch,
-          depth: 0, // TODO
-        };
-        return result;
-      } else if (tree.right == null) {
-        let childBranch: TernaryTreeMapTheLeaf<K, T> = {
-          kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf,
-          hash: thisHash,
-          elements: [[key, item]],
-        };
-        let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-          kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-          maxHash: thisHash,
-          minHash: tree.minHash,
-          left: tree.left,
-          middle: tree.middle,
-          right: childBranch,
-          depth: 0, // TODO
-        };
-        return result;
-      } else {
-        let childBranch: TernaryTreeMapTheLeaf<K, T> = {
-          kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf,
-          hash: thisHash,
-          elements: [[key, item]],
-        };
-        let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-          kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-          maxHash: thisHash,
-          minHash: tree.minHash,
-          left: tree,
-          middle: childBranch,
-          right: emptyBranch,
-          depth: 0, // TODO
-        };
-
-        return result;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (rangeContainsHash(tree.left, thisHash)) {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-        minHash: tree.minHash,
-        left: assocNew(tree.left, key, item, thisHash),
-        middle: tree.middle,
-        right: tree.right,
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-    if (rangeContainsHash(tree.middle, thisHash)) {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-        minHash: tree.minHash,
-        left: tree.left,
-        middle: assocNew(tree.middle, key, item, thisHash),
-        right: tree.right,
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-    if (rangeContainsHash(tree.right, thisHash)) {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-        minHash: tree.minHash,
-        left: tree.left,
-        middle: tree.middle,
-        right: assocNew(tree.right, key, item, thisHash),
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-
-    if (tree.middle == null) {
-      throw new Error("unreachable. if inside range, then middle should be here");
-    }
-    if (thisHash < getMin(tree.middle)) {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-        minHash: tree.minHash,
-        left: assocNew(tree.left, key, item, thisHash),
-        middle: tree.middle,
-        right: tree.right,
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    } else {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMap<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-        minHash: tree.minHash,
-        left: tree.left,
-        middle: tree.middle,
-        right: assocNew(tree.right, key, item, thisHash),
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-export function assocMap<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, key: K, item: T, disableBalancing: boolean = false): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  if (tree == null || isMapEmpty(tree)) {
-    return createLeaf(key, item);
-  }
-
-  if (contains(tree, key)) {
-    return assocExisted(tree, key, item);
-  } else {
-    return assocNew(tree, key, item);
-  }
-}
-
-function dissocExisted<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, key: K): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  if (tree == null) {
-    throw new Error("Unexpected missing key in dissoc");
-  }
-
-  if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-    if (tree.hash === hashGenerator(key)) {
-      let size = tree.elements.length;
-      if (size === 1 && dataEqual(key, tree.elements[0][0])) {
-        return emptyBranch;
-      } else {
-        let newPairs: Array<[K, T]> = [];
-        for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-          let pair = tree.elements[i];
-          if (!dataEqual(pair[0], key)) {
-            newPairs.push(pair);
-          }
-        }
-        let result: TernaryTreeMapTheLeaf<K, T> = { kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf, hash: tree.hash, elements: newPairs };
-        return result;
-      }
-    } else {
-      throw new Error("Unexpected missing key in dissoc on leaf");
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (mapLenBound(tree, 2) === 1) {
-    if (!contains(tree, key)) {
-      throw new Error("Unexpected missing key in dissoc single branch");
-    }
-    return emptyBranch;
-  }
-
-  let thisHash = hashGenerator(key);
-
-  if (rangeContainsHash(tree.left, thisHash)) {
-    let changedBranch = dissocExisted(tree.left, key);
-
-    if (isMapEmpty(changedBranch)) {
-      if (isMapEmpty(tree.right)) {
-        return tree.middle;
-      }
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-        minHash: getMin(tree.middle),
-        left: tree.middle,
-        middle: tree.right,
-        right: emptyBranch,
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    } else {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-        minHash: getMin(changedBranch),
-        left: changedBranch,
-        middle: tree.middle,
-        right: tree.right,
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (rangeContainsHash(tree.middle, thisHash)) {
-    let changedBranch = dissocExisted(tree.middle, key);
-
-    if (isMapEmpty(changedBranch)) {
-      if (isMapEmpty(tree.right)) {
-        return tree.left;
-      }
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-        minHash: tree.minHash,
-        left: tree.left,
-        middle: tree.right,
-        right: emptyBranch,
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    } else {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-        minHash: tree.minHash,
-        left: tree.left,
-        middle: changedBranch,
-        right: tree.right,
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (rangeContainsHash(tree.right, thisHash)) {
-    let changedBranch = dissocExisted(tree.right, key);
-
-    if (changedBranch == null) {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: getMax(tree.middle),
-        minHash: tree.minHash,
-        left: tree.left,
-        middle: tree.middle,
-        right: emptyBranch,
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    } else {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        maxHash: getMax(changedBranch),
-        minHash: tree.minHash,
-        left: tree.left,
-        middle: tree.middle,
-        right: changedBranch,
-        depth: 0, // TODO
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-  }
-
-  throw new Error("Cannot find branch in dissoc");
-}
-
-export function dissocMap<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, key: K): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  if (contains(tree, key)) {
-    return dissocExisted(tree, key);
-  } else {
-    return tree;
-  }
-}
-
-function collectToPairsArray<K, T>(acc: Array<[K, T]>, tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>): void {
-  if (tree != null) {
-    if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      for (let i = 0; i < tree.elements.length; i++) {
-        let pair = tree.elements[i];
-        acc.push(pair);
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (tree.left != null) {
-        collectToPairsArray(acc, tree.left);
-      }
-      if (tree.middle != null) {
-        collectToPairsArray(acc, tree.middle);
-      }
-      if (tree.right != null) {
-        collectToPairsArray(acc, tree.right);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/** similar to `toPairs`, but using Array.push directly */
-export function toPairsArray<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>): Array<[K, T]> {
-  let result: Array<[K, T]> = [];
-  collectToPairsArray(result, tree);
-  return result;
-}
-
-export function* toPairs<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>): Generator<[K, T]> {
-  if (tree != null) {
-    if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      for (let pair of tree.elements) {
-        yield pair;
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (tree.left != null) {
-        for (let item of toPairs(tree.left)) {
-          yield item;
-        }
-      }
-      if (tree.middle != null) {
-        for (let item of toPairs(tree.middle)) {
-          yield item;
-        }
-      }
-      if (tree.right != null) {
-        for (let item of toPairs(tree.right)) {
-          yield item;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-export function* toKeys<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>): Generator<K> {
-  if (tree != null) {
-    if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      for (let i = 0; i < tree.elements.length; i++) {
-        let pair = tree.elements[i];
-        yield pair[0];
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (tree.left != null) {
-        for (let item of toKeys(tree.left)) {
-          yield item;
-        }
-      }
-      if (tree.middle != null) {
-        for (let item of toKeys(tree.middle)) {
-          yield item;
-        }
-      }
-      if (tree.right != null) {
-        for (let item of toKeys(tree.right)) {
-          yield item;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-export function* toValues<K, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>): Generator<V> {
-  if (tree != null) {
-    if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-      for (let i = 0; i < tree.elements.length; i++) {
-        let pair = tree.elements[i];
-        yield pair[1];
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (tree.left != null) {
-        for (let item of toValues(tree.left)) {
-          yield item;
-        }
-      }
-      if (tree.middle != null) {
-        for (let item of toValues(tree.middle)) {
-          yield item;
-        }
-      }
-      if (tree.right != null) {
-        for (let item of toValues(tree.right)) {
-          yield item;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-export function mapEqual<K, V>(xs: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>, ys: TernaryTreeMap<K, V>): boolean {
-  if (xs === ys) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  if (mapLen(xs) !== mapLen(ys)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (isMapEmpty(xs)) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  for (let pair of toPairsArray(xs)) {
-    let key = pair[0];
-    let vx = pair[1];
-
-    if (!contains(ys, key)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    let vy = mapGetDefault(ys, key, null);
-
-    // TODO compare deep structures
-    if (!dataEqual(vx, vy)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-export function merge<K, T>(xs: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, ys: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  let ret = xs;
-  let counted = 0;
-  for (let [key, item] of toPairs(ys)) {
-    ret = assocMap(ret, key, item);
-    // # TODO pickd loop by experience
-    if (counted > 700) {
-      forceMapInplaceBalancing(ret);
-      counted = 0;
-    } else {
-      counted = counted + 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return ret;
-}
-
-// # skip a value, mostly for nil
-export function mergeSkip<K, T>(xs: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, ys: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, skipped: T): TernaryTreeMap<K, T> {
-  let ret = xs;
-  let counted = 0;
-  for (let [key, item] of toPairs(ys)) {
-    if (dataEqual(item, skipped)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    ret = assocMap(ret, key, item);
-    // # TODO pickd loop by experience
-    if (counted > 700) {
-      forceMapInplaceBalancing(ret);
-      counted = 0;
-    } else {
-      counted = counted + 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return ret;
-}
-
-// this function mutates original tree to make it more balanced
-export function forceMapInplaceBalancing<K, T>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>): void {
-  // echo "Force inplace balancing of list"
-  if (tree.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch) {
-    let xs = toOrderedHashEntries(tree);
-    let newTree = makeTernaryTreeMap(xs.length, 0, xs) as TernaryTreeMapTheBranch<K, T>;
-    tree.left = newTree.left;
-    tree.middle = newTree.middle;
-    tree.right = newTree.right;
-  } else {
-    // discard
-  }
-}
-
-export function sameMapShape<K, T>(xs: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, ys: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>): boolean {
-  if (xs == null) {
-    if (ys == null) {
-      return true;
-    } else {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-  if (ys == null) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (mapLen(xs) !== mapLen(ys)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (xs.kind !== ys.kind) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (xs.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf && ys.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf) {
-    if (xs.elements.length !== ys.elements.length) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    for (let idx = 0; idx < xs.elements.length; idx++) {
-      if (!dataEqual(xs.elements[idx], ys.elements[idx])) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    return true;
-  } else if (xs.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch && ys.kind === TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch) {
-    if (!sameMapShape(xs.left, ys.left)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!sameMapShape(xs.middle, ys.middle)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!sameMapShape(xs.right, ys.right)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-  } else {
-    throw new Error("Unknown");
-  }
-}
-
-export function mapMapValues<K, T, V>(tree: TernaryTreeMap<K, T>, f: (x: T) => V): TernaryTreeMap<K, V> {
-  if (tree == null) {
-    return tree;
-  }
-
-  switch (tree.kind) {
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf: {
-      let newElements = new Array<[K, V]>(tree.elements.length);
-      let size = tree.elements.length;
-      for (let idx = 0; idx < size; idx++) {
-        newElements[idx] = [tree.elements[idx][0], f(tree.elements[idx][1])];
-      }
-      let result: TernaryTreeMap<K, V> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeLeaf,
-        hash: tree.hash,
-        elements: newElements,
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-    case TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch: {
-      let result: TernaryTreeMap<K, V> = {
-        kind: TernaryTreeKind.ternaryTreeBranch,
-        depth: tree.depth,
-        minHash: tree.minHash,
-        maxHash: tree.maxHash,
-        left: mapMapValues(tree.left, f),
-        middle: mapMapValues(tree.middle, f),
-        right: mapMapValues(tree.right, f),
-      };
-      return result;
-    }
-  }
-}