@c9up/rune 0.1.6 → 0.1.8

package/dist/Schema.js

@@ -3,23 +3,523 @@
  *
  * @implements FR38, FR39, FR40, FR41
  */
-import { RuneError } from "./errors.js";
+var _a;
+import { parseDateValue, resolveOperand, truncateTo, } from "./date.js";
+import { RuneError, RuneValidationError } from "./errors.js";
+import { alphaPattern, escapeHtml, isAscii, isCoordinates, isCreditCard, isEmail, isHexCode, isIban, isIpAddress, isJwt, isMobile, isMobileForLocale, isPassport, isPostalCode, isUlid, isUrlWithOptions, isVat, normalizeEmail, normalizeUrl, SUPPORTED_MOBILE_LOCALES, SUPPORTED_PASSPORTS, SUPPORTED_POSTAL_CODES, SUPPORTED_VAT_COUNTRIES, toCamelCase, } from "./formats.js";
+import { toWildcardPath } from "./MessagesProvider.js";
+import { detectFileType, extensionMatches, MAGIC_HEAD_BYTES, readHead, } from "./magic.js";
 import { isNativeAvailable, validateNative, warnNativeUnavailableOnce, } from "./native.js";
-export function createRule(validator) {
+export function createRule(validator, ruleOptions) {
+    if (ruleOptions?.isAsync) {
+        // VineJS expresses "async" as an option on createRule, so honour it by
+        // BUILDING the async rule rather than refusing: `.use()` routes an
+        // async-marked rule to the awaited register.
+        const asyncBuilder = createAsyncRule(validator, { ...ruleOptions, isAsync: undefined });
+        return asyncBuilder;
+    }
     return (options) => ({
         __rune: "rule",
+        implicit: ruleOptions?.implicit ?? false,
+        name: ruleOptions?.name,
+        toJSONSchema: ruleOptions?.toJSONSchema,
+        ruleOptions: options,
         run(value, field) {
             validator(value, options, field);
         },
     });
 }
+export function createAsyncRule(validator, ruleOptions) {
+    return (options) => ({
+        __rune: "asyncRule",
+        implicit: ruleOptions?.implicit ?? false,
+        name: ruleOptions?.name,
+        toJSONSchema: ruleOptions?.toJSONSchema,
+        ruleOptions: options,
+        async run(value, field) {
+            await validator(value, options, field);
+        },
+    });
+}
+/**
+ * Normalise either accepted spelling into one "report this error" callback.
+ * A factory is built ONCE per validation, so a stateful Vine reporter sees the
+ * whole run and can assemble its own error shape.
+ */
+function toReporter(reporter, data, meta) {
+    if (!reporter)
+        return undefined;
+    if (reporter.length > 0) {
+        // Plain observer: it consumes each error and never decides the outcome.
+        const observe = reporter;
+        return { report: observe };
+    }
+    const built = reporter();
+    return {
+        report(error) {
+            // VineJS hands the reporter a FieldContext, not a path string: a real
+            // reporter reads `getFieldPath()` / `name` / `wildCardPath` off it.
+            built.report(error.message, error.rule, reportedFieldContext(error, data, meta), error.meta);
+        },
+        createError: () => built.createError(),
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * Rebuild the {@link FieldContext} a reporter expects from a collected error.
+ *
+ * The traversal reports post-hoc (it collects, then hands the batch over), so
+ * the original context is gone by then — but everything a reporter actually
+ * reads is derivable from the field path plus the root data.
+ */
+function reportedFieldContext(error, data, meta) {
+    const segments = error.field.split(".");
+    const root = isPlainObject(data) ? data : {};
+    return {
+        value: undefined,
+        data: root,
+        parent: root,
+        field: error.field,
+        meta,
+        isValid: false,
+        name: segments[segments.length - 1] ?? error.field,
+        wildCardPath: toWildcardPath(error.field),
+        isArrayMember: /\.\d+$/.test(error.field),
+        isDefined: false,
+        isValidDataType: false,
+        getFieldPath: () => error.field,
+        mutate: () => { },
+        report: () => { },
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * Global output mapper for `rules.date()` — VineJS's `VineDate.transform` seam.
+ *
+ * rune has zero runtime dependencies, so a validated date is a plain `Date`. A
+ * consumer that wants its own type (e.g. a `@c9up/chronos` `DateTime`, which is
+ * what atlas hands back on read) binds it here once at boot, exactly like
+ * `bindRosetta` does for translations. Applied AFTER the comparison rules, so
+ * `after`/`before` always compare real `Date`s.
+ */
+let dateOutputTransform = null;
+/**
+ * Process-wide messages provider (VineJS `vine.messagesProvider`). A provider
+ * passed per call still wins — global is the fallback, not an override.
+ */
+let globalMessagesProvider = null;
+/**
+ * Process-wide error reporter (VineJS `vine.errorReporter = …`). A per-call
+ * option wins over a per-validator one, which wins over this.
+ */
+let globalErrorReporter = null;
+/** Bind (or clear) the process-wide error reporter. */
+export function setGlobalErrorReporter(reporter) {
+    globalErrorReporter = reporter;
+}
+/** Read the process-wide error reporter. */
+export function getGlobalErrorReporter() {
+    return globalErrorReporter;
+}
+let hostResolver = null;
+/** See `rune.convertEmptyStringsToNull`. */
+let convertEmptyStringsToNull = false;
+/** Toggle the global `"" -> null` conversion (VineJS `convertEmptyStringsToNull`). */
+export function setConvertEmptyStringsToNull(enabled) {
+    convertEmptyStringsToNull = enabled;
+}
+/** Read the global `"" -> null` conversion flag. */
+export function getConvertEmptyStringsToNull() {
+    return convertEmptyStringsToNull;
+}
+/**
+ * Rewrite every `""` to `null`, deeply, before validation.
+ *
+ * Applied to the DATA rather than inside each chain: it has to happen before
+ * the optional/nullable decision, and before the native-engine routing — the
+ * Rust engine never sees this flag, so converting later would have made the
+ * behaviour depend on whether the binary was loadable.
+ */
+function convertEmptyStrings(value) {
+    if (value === "")
+        return null;
+    if (Array.isArray(value))
+        return value.map(convertEmptyStrings);
+    if (isPlainObject(value)) {
+        return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(value).map(([k, v]) => [k, convertEmptyStrings(v)]));
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+/** Bind (or clear, with `null`) the resolver backing `activeUrl()`. */
+export function bindHostResolver(resolver) {
+    hostResolver = resolver;
+}
+/** Bind (or clear) the process-wide messages provider. */
+export function setGlobalMessagesProvider(provider) {
+    globalMessagesProvider = provider;
+}
+/** Read the process-wide messages provider. */
+export function getGlobalMessagesProvider() {
+    return globalMessagesProvider;
+}
+/** Bind (or clear, with `null`) the global `rules.date()` output mapper. */
+export function setDateTransform(fn) {
+    dateOutputTransform = fn;
+}
+let databaseResolver = null;
+/** Bind (or clear, with `null`) the resolver backing `unique()` / `exists()`. */
+export function bindDatabase(resolver) {
+    databaseResolver = resolver;
+}
+/**
+ * Turn the options form of `unique`/`exists` into the callback the rule runs.
+ * Fails loudly when no resolver is bound: a uniqueness check that cannot run
+ * must never look like one that passed.
+ */
+function toDatabaseCheck(checkOrOptions, kind) {
+    if (typeof checkOrOptions === "function")
+        return checkOrOptions;
+    const options = checkOrOptions;
+    return async (value, field) => {
+        if (!databaseResolver) {
+            throw new RuneError("NO_DATABASE_RESOLVER", `rules.${kind}({ table }) needs a database resolver.`, {
+                hint: "Call bindDatabase(resolver) once at boot, or pass a callback.",
+            });
+        }
+        const found = await databaseResolver.exists({
+            table: options.table,
+            column: options.column ?? field.name,
+            value,
+            where: options.where,
+            whereNot: options.whereNot,
+        });
+        return kind === "unique" ? !found : found;
+    };
+}
+/** VineJS number coercion: a numeric string becomes a number, the rest is untouched. */
+function coerceNumber(value) {
+    if (typeof value !== "string")
+        return value;
+    const trimmed = value.trim();
+    if (trimmed === "")
+        return value;
+    const n = Number(trimmed);
+    return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : value;
+}
+/** VineJS boolean coercion over the usual form-encoded spellings. */
+function coerceBoolean(value) {
+    if (value === 1 || value === 0)
+        return value === 1;
+    if (typeof value !== "string")
+        return value;
+    const v = value.trim().toLowerCase();
+    if (["true", "on", "1"].includes(v))
+        return true;
+    if (["false", "off", "0"].includes(v))
+        return false;
+    return value;
+}
+/** Byte multipliers for the size spellings Adonis accepts. */
+const BYTE_UNITS = {
+    b: 1,
+    kb: 1024,
+    mb: 1024 ** 2,
+    gb: 1024 ** 3,
+    tb: 1024 ** 4,
+};
+/**
+ * Parse a size limit — a byte count, or Adonis's `"2mb"` / `"512kb"` spelling.
+ * Throws on an unreadable unit rather than falling back to "unlimited": a cap
+ * that silently stops capping is worse than no cap at all.
+ */
+export function parseByteSize(size) {
+    if (typeof size === "number")
+        return size;
+    const match = /^\s*(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*(b|kb|mb|gb|tb)\s*$/i.exec(size);
+    if (!match) {
+        throw new RuneError("INVALID_SIZE", `file(): cannot read size '${size}'.`, {
+            hint: 'Use a byte count, or "2mb" / "512kb" / "1gb".',
+        });
+    }
+    return Math.round(Number(match[1]) * BYTE_UNITS[match[2].toLowerCase()]);
+}
+/**
+ * Get the leading bytes of an upload, from whichever source it exposes.
+ * Returns `null` when there is none — the caller must treat that as a FAILURE,
+ * not as "nothing to check".
+ */
+async function readFileHead(file) {
+    if (file.buffer instanceof Uint8Array) {
+        return file.buffer.subarray(0, MAGIC_HEAD_BYTES);
+    }
+    const path = file.tmpPath ?? file.filePath ?? file.path;
+    if (typeof path !== "string" || path.length === 0)
+        return null;
+    try {
+        return await readHead(path);
+    }
+    catch {
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+/** Structural guard for {@link FileLike}. */
+function isFileLike(value) {
+    return (typeof value === "object" &&
+        value !== null &&
+        "size" in value &&
+        typeof value.size === "number");
+}
+/** Lowercase extension without the dot, from `extname` or a file name. */
+function fileExtension(file) {
+    if (typeof file.extname === "string" && file.extname.length > 0) {
+        return file.extname.replace(/^\./, "").toLowerCase();
+    }
+    const name = file.clientName ?? file.name;
+    if (typeof name !== "string")
+        return null;
+    const dot = name.lastIndexOf(".");
+    return dot > 0 ? name.slice(dot + 1).toLowerCase() : null;
+}
+/** Describe every field's rules — the `schema` half of `toJSON()`. */
+function introspect(fields) {
+    return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(fields).map(([field, chain]) => [
+        field,
+        {
+            rules: chain.rules.map((rule) => rule.name),
+            optional: chain.isOptionalField,
+            nullable: chain.isNullable,
+        },
+    ]));
+}
+/** Rule name → the JSON Schema fragment it contributes. */
+const JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES = {
+    string: "string",
+    number: "number",
+    boolean: "boolean",
+    date: "string",
+    accepted: "boolean",
+    object: "object",
+    record: "object",
+    array: "array",
+    tuple: "array",
+};
+/**
+ * Translate a field map to JSON Schema.
+ *
+ * Only rules with a real JSON Schema equivalent are emitted; a rule without one
+ * is OMITTED rather than approximated, because a schema that quietly drops a
+ * constraint is worse than one that says less.
+ */
+function chainToJSONSchema(fields) {
+    const properties = {};
+    const required = [];
+    for (const [field, chain] of Object.entries(fields)) {
+        const node = {};
+        for (const rule of chain.rules) {
+            const type = JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES[rule.name];
+            if (type !== undefined)
+                node.type = type;
+            const args = rule.args ?? {};
+            if (rule.name === "minLength")
+                node.minLength = args.min ?? rule.param;
+            if (rule.name === "maxLength")
+                node.maxLength = args.max ?? rule.param;
+            if (rule.name === "fixedLength") {
+                node.minLength = args.length ?? rule.param;
+                node.maxLength = args.length ?? rule.param;
+            }
+            if (rule.name === "min")
+                node.minimum = args.min ?? rule.param;
+            if (rule.name === "max")
+                node.maximum = args.max ?? rule.param;
+            if (rule.name === "range") {
+                node.minimum = args.min;
+                node.maximum = args.max;
+            }
+            if (rule.name === "email")
+                node.format = "email";
+            if (rule.name === "uuid")
+                node.format = "uuid";
+            if (rule.name === "url")
+                node.format = "uri";
+            if (rule.name === "date")
+                node.format = "date-time";
+            if (rule.name === "regex" && typeof args.pattern === "string") {
+                node.pattern = args.pattern;
+            }
+            if (rule.name === "enum" && Array.isArray(args.values)) {
+                node.enum = args.values;
+            }
+            if (rule.name === "literal" && "value" in args) {
+                node.const = args.value;
+            }
+            if (rule.name === "notEmpty")
+                node.minItems = 1;
+            if (rule.name === "distinct")
+                node.uniqueItems = true;
+            if (rule.name === "withoutDecimals")
+                node.type = "integer";
+            if (rule.name === "positive")
+                node.exclusiveMinimum = 0;
+            if (rule.name === "negative")
+                node.exclusiveMaximum = 0;
+            if (rule.name === "nonNegative")
+                node.minimum = 0;
+            if (rule.name === "nonPositive")
+                node.maximum = 0;
+            if (rule.name === "nullType")
+                node.type = "null";
+            if (rule.name === "ulid")
+                node.pattern = "^[0-7][0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{25}$";
+            if (rule.name === "alpha")
+                node.pattern = "^[a-zA-Z]+$";
+            if (rule.name === "alphaNumeric")
+                node.pattern = "^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$";
+            if (rule.name === "hexCode")
+                node.format = "color";
+            if (rule.name === "ipAddress")
+                node.format = args.version === 6 ? "ipv6" : "ipv4";
+            if (rule.name === "file" || rule.name === "nativeFile") {
+                node.type = "string";
+                node.contentEncoding = "binary";
+            }
+            // A declarative rule may carry its own modifier too.
+            if (typeof rule.toJSONSchema === "function") {
+                Object.assign(node, rule.toJSONSchema(node, rule.args));
+            }
+        }
+        // `.use()` and async rules live outside `chain.rules`, so reading only that
+        // register left a declared modifier unreachable from the public API.
+        let modified = node;
+        for (const rule of [...chain.useRules, ...chain.asyncRules]) {
+            if (typeof rule.toJSONSchema === "function") {
+                modified = rule.toJSONSchema(modified, rule.ruleOptions);
+            }
+        }
+        if (chain.isNullable && typeof node.type === "string") {
+            node.type = [node.type, "null"];
+        }
+        const nested = chain.getProperties();
+        if (nested) {
+            Object.assign(modified, chainToJSONSchema(nested));
+            // A rune object DROPS undeclared keys unless allowUnknownProperties(),
+            // so the emitted schema must say so — otherwise a consumer generating a
+            // form from it would offer fields the validator silently discards.
+            modified.additionalProperties = chain.allowsUnknown;
+        }
+        if (chain.metadata)
+            Object.assign(modified, chain.metadata);
+        // Containers: describe what they hold, not just that they are containers.
+        const itemChain = chain.arrayItem;
+        if (itemChain) {
+            modified.items = chainToJSONSchema({ item: itemChain }).properties;
+            if (isRecordOfUnknown(modified.items))
+                modified.items = modified.items.item;
+        }
+        const tupleChains = chain.tupleItems;
+        if (tupleChains) {
+            modified.prefixItems = tupleChains.map((entry) => {
+                const built = chainToJSONSchema({ item: entry });
+                const props = built.properties;
+                return isRecordOfUnknown(props) ? props.item : {};
+            });
+            modified.items = false;
+        }
+        const recordChain = chain.recordValue;
+        if (recordChain) {
+            const built = chainToJSONSchema({ item: recordChain });
+            const props = built.properties;
+            modified.additionalProperties = isRecordOfUnknown(props)
+                ? props.item
+                : true;
+        }
+        properties[field] = modified;
+        if (!chain.isOptionalField)
+            required.push(field);
+    }
+    return {
+        type: "object",
+        properties,
+        ...(required.length > 0 ? { required } : {}),
+    };
+}
+/** Narrow to a string-keyed record — used when threading nested JSON Schema. */
+function isRecordOfUnknown(value) {
+    return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value);
+}
+/** `snake_case` / `kebab-case` / spaced key to `camelCase`. */
+function toCamelCaseKey(key) {
+    return key
+        .replace(/[-_\s]+(.)?/g, (_, c) => c ? c.toUpperCase() : "")
+        .replace(/^(.)/, (c) => c.toLowerCase());
+}
+/** Structural guard telling a plain shape from a {@link ConditionalGroup}. */
+function isConditionalGroup(value) {
+    return "__rune" in value && value.__rune === "group";
+}
+/** Build a conditional group (VineJS `vine.group([...])`). */
+export function group(branches) {
+    return { __rune: "group", branches };
+}
+/** A predicate-guarded group branch (`vine.group.if`). */
+export function groupIf(predicate, shape) {
+    return { predicate, shape };
+}
+/** The unconditional fallback branch (`vine.group.else` / `.otherwise`). */
+export function groupElse(shape) {
+    return { predicate: null, shape };
+}
+/** Normalise a bare chain into an unconditional branch. */
+function toUnionBranch(branch) {
+    return branch instanceof RuleChain
+        ? { predicate: null, chain: branch }
+        : branch;
+}
+/**
+ * Guarded union branch (VineJS `vine.union.if`). The predicate picks the branch;
+ * the chosen branch's OWN errors are reported, which is what makes a union
+ * diagnosable — "matches nothing" tells the caller nothing about which shape it
+ * nearly matched.
+ */
+export function unionIf(predicate, chain) {
+    return { predicate, chain };
+}
+/** Fallback union branch (VineJS `vine.union.else`). */
+export function unionElse(chain) {
+    return { predicate: null, chain };
+}
+/** The checkbox-style truthies VineJS `accepted` recognises. */
+function isAcceptedValue(value) {
+    return (value === true ||
+        value === 1 ||
+        (typeof value === "string" &&
+            ["1", "on", "yes", "true"].includes(value.toLowerCase())));
+}
 /** Default context for internal callers that don't supply one (no root available). */
 const EMPTY_RUN_CONTEXT = { data: {}, parent: {}, meta: {} };
 /** Type guard: narrows `unknown` to a plain object (non-null, non-array, typeof 'object'). */
 function isPlainObject(value) {
     return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value);
 }
-/** Rules the Rust validation engine can handle natively. */
+/**
+ * Rules the Rust validation engine (`crates/rune-engine/src/engine.rs`)
+ * ACTUALLY implements. A schema built from only these rules can be validated
+ * natively; anything else routes to the TS path (`rule.validate`).
+ *
+ * CRITICAL: a rule name here that the Rust engine does not implement is a
+ * SILENT VALIDATION BYPASS — the engine's `_ => {}` arm skips unknown rules, so
+ * the constraint never runs. Every entry MUST have a matching arm in engine.rs.
+ * The TS chain rules (minLength/uuid/alpha/in/enum/range/…) live only in the TS
+ * validator, so they are deliberately absent here.
+ */
+/**
+ * Rules whose default message is a TRANSLATABLE key (`validation.<rule>`).
+ *
+ * This set answers one question only: "does this rule have a canonical message?"
+ * It used to answer a second one — "can the Rust engine run it?" — and that
+ * conflation is why every divergence kept coming back: excluding a rule from the
+ * native path silently un-translated it, and adding a TS-only option to a listed
+ * rule silently made the option inert. {@link NATIVE_RULES} answers the routing
+ * question now.
+ */
 const STANDARD_RULES = new Set([
     "string",
     "number",
@@ -28,8 +528,53 @@ const STANDARD_RULES = new Set([
     "max",
     "email",
     "positive",
+    "minLength",
+    "maxLength",
+    "fixedLength",
+    "uuid",
+    "alpha",
+    "alphaNumeric",
+    "startsWith",
+    "endsWith",
+    "in",
+    "notIn",
+    "enum",
+    "negative",
+    "nonNegative",
+    "range",
+]);
+/**
+ * Rules the Rust engine implements IDENTICALLY to the TS path.
+ *
+ * A rule belongs here only while both engines answer the same question for
+ * every input. `email` is excluded on purpose: the TS check is structural
+ * (quoted local parts, IP-literal domains, RFC length caps, validator.js-style
+ * options) where Rust has one regex — routing there would give a different
+ * answer for the same schema.
+ */
+const NATIVE_RULES = new Set([
+    "string",
+    "number",
+    "boolean",
+    "min",
+    "max",
+    "positive",
+    "minLength",
+    "maxLength",
+    "fixedLength",
+    "uuid",
+    "alpha",
+    "alphaNumeric",
+    "startsWith",
+    "endsWith",
+    "in",
+    "notIn",
+    "enum",
+    "negative",
+    "nonNegative",
+    "range",
 ]);
-/** Default messages for standard rules — used to detect custom-message overrides. */
+/** Default messages for standard rules — used only for translator-key fallback. */
 const STANDARD_MSGS = {
     string: "Must be a string",
     number: "Must be a number",
@@ -38,6 +583,20 @@ const STANDARD_MSGS = {
     max: "Maximum",
     email: "Must be a valid email",
     positive: "Must be positive",
+    minLength: "Too short",
+    maxLength: "Too long",
+    fixedLength: "Wrong length",
+    alpha: "Must contain only letters",
+    alphaNumeric: "Must contain only letters and numbers",
+    startsWith: "Invalid prefix",
+    endsWith: "Invalid suffix",
+    uuid: "Must be a valid UUID",
+    in: "Invalid value",
+    notIn: "Invalid value",
+    enum: "Invalid value",
+    range: "Out of range",
+    negative: "Must be negative",
+    nonNegative: "Must be positive or zero",
 };
 const TYPE_RULE_NAMES = new Set([
     "string",
@@ -45,17 +604,13 @@ const TYPE_RULE_NAMES = new Set([
     "boolean",
     "object",
     "array",
+    // `optional()` / `null()` are schema TYPES in VineJS, not modifiers.
+    "optionalType",
+    "nullType",
 ]);
 let validationTranslator;
-function hasDefaultMessage(rule) {
-    if (rule.name === "min" || rule.name === "max") {
-        if (typeof rule.param !== "number")
-            return false;
-        const expected = `${rule.name === "min" ? "Minimum" : "Maximum"} ${rule.param}`;
-        return rule.message === expected;
-    }
-    const defaultMsg = STANDARD_MSGS[rule.name];
-    return defaultMsg !== undefined && rule.message === defaultMsg;
+function hasCustomMessage(rule) {
+    return rule.hasCustomMessage === true;
 }
 function resolveValidationMessage(key, fallback, params) {
     const translated = validationTranslator?.(key, params);
@@ -64,104 +619,355 @@ function resolveValidationMessage(key, fallback, params) {
     }
     return fallback;
 }
-function resolveRuleMessage(field, rule) {
-    const fallback = rule.message;
-    if (!STANDARD_RULES.has(rule.name)) {
-        return fallback;
+/** Args carried on a rule, exposed to i18n/providers via message interpolation. */
+function ruleArgs(rule) {
+    return rule.args;
+}
+/**
+ * Resolve the final message for a failing rule. Precedence:
+ *   1. explicit `.message()` override (always wins),
+ *   2. a per-call {@link MessagesProviderContract} (VineJS parity),
+ *   3. a globally bound translator (rune's rosetta superset),
+ *   4. the rule's raw default message.
+ */
+function resolveRuleMessage(field, rule, ctx) {
+    if (hasCustomMessage(rule)) {
+        return rule.message;
+    }
+    const args = ruleArgs(rule);
+    if (ctx.messagesProvider) {
+        return ctx.messagesProvider.getMessage(rule.message, rule.name, field, args);
     }
-    if (!hasDefaultMessage(rule)) {
-        return fallback;
+    if (!STANDARD_RULES.has(rule.name)) {
+        return rule.message;
     }
     const params = { field };
-    if (rule.name === "min" && typeof rule.param === "number") {
-        params.min = rule.param;
+    if (typeof rule.param === "number") {
+        if (rule.name === "min" || rule.name === "minLength")
+            params.min = rule.param;
+        if (rule.name === "max" || rule.name === "maxLength")
+            params.max = rule.param;
     }
-    if (rule.name === "max" && typeof rule.param === "number") {
-        params.max = rule.param;
+    // STANDARD_MSGS is the last-resort default for a standard rule: a rule object
+    // built without a message (or with an empty one) still gets the canonical
+    // text rather than an empty error. `rule.message` wins when it carries one.
+    return resolveValidationMessage(`validation.${rule.name}`, rule.message || STANDARD_MSGS[rule.name] || rule.name, params);
+}
+/** Resolve the "required" message through provider → translator → fallback. */
+function resolveRequiredMessage(field, ctx) {
+    if (ctx.messagesProvider) {
+        return ctx.messagesProvider.getMessage(`${field} is required`, "required", field);
     }
-    return resolveValidationMessage(`validation.${rule.name}`, fallback, params);
+    return resolveValidationMessage("validation.required", `${field} is required`, { field });
 }
 /** Compute once: does any field rule prevent dispatching to Rust? */
 function detectHasCustomRules(fields) {
     return Object.values(fields).some((chain) => {
         if (chain.useRules.length > 0)
             return true; // .use() rule — TS-only (Rust can't run JS)
+        if (chain.asyncRules.length > 0)
+            return true; // async rule — TS-only, needs validateResultAsync
+        if (chain.hasConditionalRequired)
+            return true; // requiredWhen — TS-only
+        if (chain.preTransforms.length > 0)
+            return true; // .parse() — TS-only
+        if (chain.transforms.length > 0)
+            return true; // .transform() — Rust gets only the NAME, can't run a JS fn
+        if (chain.isNullable)
+            return true; // .nullable() — the flag is not sent to the Rust engine
         return chain.rules.some((r) => {
-            if (!STANDARD_RULES.has(r.name))
-                return true; // custom rule
-            if (!hasDefaultMessage(r))
+            if (!NATIVE_RULES.has(r.name))
+                return true; // Rust cannot run it identically
+            if (r.tsOnly === true)
+                return true; // native-listed name, TS-only options
+            if (hasCustomMessage(r))
                 return true; // custom message
             return false;
         });
     });
 }
-/**
- * Create a validation schema.
- *
- * Pass `T` explicitly when the caller wants `result.data` typed as a concrete
- * shape after `result.valid === true` narrows the union — runtime validation
- * is unchanged, the generic only types the success branch.
- *
- *     const RegisterValidator = schema<{ email: string; password: string }>({
- *       email: rules.string().email(),
- *       password: rules.string().min(8),
- *     });
- *
- * The default `Record<string, unknown>` matches the historical untyped surface
- * so existing call sites that read `result.data` field-by-field with their
- * own narrowing continue to compile.
- */
-export function schema(fields) {
+export function schema(fields, objectChain) {
+    // Per-validator reporter (VineJS `validator.errorReporter = …`), overridable
+    // per call. Mutable on purpose: that is how Vine exposes it.
+    let validatorErrorReporter = null;
+    // Set by the last run; the throwing entry points prefer the reporter's own
+    // error, because VineJS lets the reporter decide the failure shape.
+    let reporterError;
     // Computed once at construction time, not per validate() call.
     const hasCustomRules = detectHasCustomRules(fields);
-    return {
-        fields,
-        validate(data, options) {
-            if (!isPlainObject(data)) {
-                return {
-                    valid: false,
-                    errors: [
-                        {
-                            field: "_root",
-                            rule: "type",
-                            message: "Input must be an object",
-                        },
-                    ],
-                };
-            }
-            if (!hasCustomRules && !validationTranslator) {
-                if (isNativeAvailable()) {
-                    return validateWithRust(fields, data);
-                }
-                // This schema would have used the native engine, but it isn't
-                // loaded — surface the platform-dependent TS fallback once instead
-                // of diverging silently. (Schemas with custom rules / a translator
-                // always run on TS by design and don't warn.)
-                warnNativeUnavailableOnce();
-            }
-            const errors = [];
-            const validated = {};
-            // Root context: `data` is the root, `parent` of a top-level field is the
-            // root too; nested/array recursion narrows `parent` as it descends.
-            const rootCtx = {
-                data,
-                parent: data,
-                meta: options?.meta ?? {},
+    // Any field carrying async rules (`unique`/`exists`/`useAsync`) forces callers
+    // onto the async path — the sync path throws rather than silently skipping them.
+    const hasAsyncRules = Object.values(fields).some((chain) => chain.hasAsyncRulesDeep);
+    function validateResult(rawData, options) {
+        const data = convertEmptyStringsToNull
+            ? convertEmptyStrings(rawData)
+            : rawData;
+        if (hasAsyncRules) {
+            throw new Error("rune: this schema has async rules (unique/exists/useAsync) — call validateResultAsync() (result-based) or validate() (throwing) instead of validateResult().");
+        }
+        if (!isPlainObject(data)) {
+            return {
+                valid: false,
+                errors: [
+                    { field: "_root", rule: "type", message: "Input must be an object" },
+                ],
             };
-            for (const [field, chain] of Object.entries(fields)) {
-                const value = data[field];
-                const result = chain._validateWithTransform(field, value, rootCtx);
-                errors.push(...result.errors);
-                if (result.errors.length === 0 && value !== undefined) {
-                    validated[field] = result.transformed;
+        }
+        // The global provider counts exactly like a per-call one: the Rust engine
+        // renders default messages, so routing there would silently ignore it.
+        const provider = options?.messagesProvider ?? globalMessagesProvider ?? undefined;
+        if (!hasCustomRules && !validationTranslator && !provider) {
+            if (isNativeAvailable()) {
+                const native = validateWithRust(fields, data);
+                // Report here too: the native path returns before the TS traversal,
+                // so instrumenting only the latter left the reporter silent exactly
+                // when the fast path was taken.
+                const nativeReporter = toReporter(options?.errorReporter ??
+                    validatorErrorReporter ??
+                    globalErrorReporter ??
+                    undefined, data, options?.meta ?? {});
+                if (nativeReporter) {
+                    for (const error of native.errors)
+                        nativeReporter.report(error);
                 }
+                reporterError = nativeReporter?.createError;
+                return native;
             }
-            if (errors.length === 0) {
-                return { valid: true, errors, data: validated };
+            // This schema would have used the native engine, but it isn't loaded —
+            // surface the platform-dependent TS fallback once instead of diverging
+            // silently.
+            warnNativeUnavailableOnce();
+        }
+        const errors = [];
+        const validated = {};
+        const rootCtx = {
+            data,
+            parent: data,
+            meta: options?.meta ?? {},
+            errorReporter: options?.errorReporter,
+            messagesProvider: provider,
+        };
+        for (const [field, chain] of Object.entries(fields)) {
+            const value = data[field];
+            const result = chain._validateWithTransform(field, value, rootCtx);
+            errors.push(...result.errors);
+            // Gate on the TRANSFORMED result, not the raw input: a pre-transform
+            // (`parse(() => 42)`) can produce a value for an absent field, and that
+            // value must land in `data` — testing the raw `value` dropped it.
+            if (result.errors.length === 0 && result.transformed !== undefined) {
+                validated[field] = result.transformed;
             }
-            return { valid: false, errors };
+        }
+        const reporter = toReporter(options?.errorReporter ??
+            validatorErrorReporter ??
+            globalErrorReporter ??
+            undefined, data, options?.meta ?? {});
+        if (reporter) {
+            for (const error of errors)
+                reporter.report(error);
+        }
+        reporterError = reporter?.createError;
+        if (errors.length === 0) {
+            return { valid: true, errors, data: validated };
+        }
+        return { valid: false, errors };
+    }
+    function validateOrThrow(data, options) {
+        const result = validateResult(data, options);
+        if (result.valid) {
+            return result.data;
+        }
+        // The reporter decides the failure shape when one is bound (VineJS).
+        throw reporterError
+            ? reporterError()
+            : new RuneValidationError(result.errors.map(toErrorNode));
+    }
+    async function validateResultAsync(rawData, options) {
+        const data = convertEmptyStringsToNull
+            ? convertEmptyStrings(rawData)
+            : rawData;
+        if (!isPlainObject(data)) {
+            return {
+                valid: false,
+                errors: [
+                    { field: "_root", rule: "type", message: "Input must be an object" },
+                ],
+            };
+        }
+        const errors = [];
+        const validated = {};
+        const rootCtx = {
+            data,
+            parent: data,
+            meta: options?.meta ?? {},
+            errorReporter: options?.errorReporter,
+            messagesProvider: options?.messagesProvider ?? globalMessagesProvider ?? undefined,
+        };
+        for (const [field, chain] of Object.entries(fields)) {
+            // One collector per top-level field, drained straight away, so async
+            // errors stay grouped with their field rather than piling up at the end.
+            const pending = [];
+            const result = chain._validateWithTransform(field, data[field], rootCtx, pending);
+            const fieldErrors = [...result.errors];
+            // The collector already applied the gate at every depth: a chain records
+            // itself only when its own subtree passed and its value is present —
+            // mirrors Lucid skipping a DB rule on an already-invalid or absent field.
+            for (const task of pending) {
+                const asyncErrors = await task.chain._runAsyncRules(task.field, task.value, task.ctx);
+                fieldErrors.push(...asyncErrors);
+            }
+            errors.push(...fieldErrors);
+            if (fieldErrors.length === 0 && result.transformed !== undefined) {
+                validated[field] = result.transformed;
+            }
+        }
+        const reporter = toReporter(options?.errorReporter ??
+            validatorErrorReporter ??
+            globalErrorReporter ??
+            undefined, data, options?.meta ?? {});
+        if (reporter) {
+            for (const error of errors)
+                reporter.report(error);
+        }
+        reporterError = reporter?.createError;
+        if (errors.length === 0) {
+            return { valid: true, errors, data: validated };
+        }
+        return { valid: false, errors };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Non-throwing validation returning a `[error, null] | [null, data]` tuple
+     * (VineJS `tryValidate`), for when a failure is an expected code path.
+     */
+    function tryValidateSync(data, options) {
+        const result = validateResult(data, options);
+        if (result.valid)
+            return [null, result.data];
+        return [new RuneValidationError(result.errors.map(toErrorNode)), null];
+    }
+    /** Async counterpart of {@link tryValidate}. */
+    async function tryValidate(data, options) {
+        const result = await validateResultAsync(data, options);
+        if (result.valid)
+            return [null, result.data];
+        return [new RuneValidationError(result.errors.map(toErrorNode)), null];
+    }
+    async function validateOrThrowAsync(data, options) {
+        const result = await validateResultAsync(data, options);
+        if (result.valid) {
+            return result.data;
+        }
+        // The reporter decides the failure shape when one is bound (VineJS).
+        throw reporterError
+            ? reporterError()
+            : new RuneValidationError(result.errors.map(toErrorNode));
+    }
+    /**
+     * The VineJS contract: async, returns the payload, throws on failure. A
+     * schema carrying async rules works here without the caller having to know,
+     * which is the whole point of Vine's single entry point.
+     */
+    async function validate(data, options) {
+        return validateOrThrowAsync(data, options);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Introspection of the compiled schema (VineJS `toJSON`): field names and the
+     * rules attached to each, enough to render a form or diff two schemas.
+     */
+    function toJSON() {
+        // VineJS shape: `{ schema, refs }`. The flat `{ field: { rules } }` map was
+        // rune's own invention, so a consumer written against Vine read undefined.
+        return {
+            schema: introspect(fields),
+            refs: Object.keys(fields),
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Emit a JSON Schema for the compiled validator (VineJS `toJSONSchema`).
+     * Covers the rules that HAVE a JSON Schema equivalent; a custom rule
+     * contributes its `jsonSchema` metadata when it declares one, and is
+     * otherwise omitted rather than guessed at.
+     */
+    function toJSONSchema() {
+        return chainToJSONSchema(fields);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Standard Schema v1 (`~standard`), the vendor-neutral contract VineJS also
+     * implements — lets a consumer validate without knowing it holds a rune
+     * schema.
+     */
+    const standard = {
+        version: 1,
+        vendor: "rune",
+        /**
+         * Standard JSON Schema v1 (`~standard.jsonSchema`), added by VineJS 4.3.
+         * `input` describes what may be sent, `output` what validation returns.
+         */
+        jsonSchema: {
+            input: () => toJSONSchema(),
+            output: () => toJSONSchema(),
         },
+        validate: (value) => validateResultAsync(value).then((result) => result.valid
+            ? { value: result.data }
+            : {
+                issues: result.errors.map((error) => ({
+                    message: error.message,
+                    path: error.field.split("."),
+                })),
+            }),
     };
+    return {
+        fields,
+        /** Per-validator error reporter (VineJS `validator.errorReporter`). */
+        get errorReporter() {
+            return validatorErrorReporter;
+        },
+        set errorReporter(reporter) {
+            validatorErrorReporter = reporter;
+        },
+        // ALWAYS a chain, even when the validator was built from a bare field map:
+        // VineJS documents `createUserValidator.schema.partial()`, and returning
+        // the map left that broken on the most common Adonis path.
+        schema: objectChain ?? new RuleChain().object(fields),
+        "~standard": standard,
+        toJSON,
+        toJSONSchema,
+        validate,
+        validateResult,
+        validateResultAsync,
+        validateOrThrow,
+        validateOrThrowAsync,
+        tryValidate,
+        tryValidateSync,
+    };
+}
+export function create(input) {
+    return input instanceof RuleChain
+        ? schema(toFieldMap(input), input)
+        : schema(input);
+}
+/** Unwrap `rune.object({...})` back to the field map `schema()` expects. */
+function toFieldMap(input) {
+    if (!(input instanceof RuleChain))
+        return input;
+    const shape = input.getProperties();
+    if (!shape) {
+        throw new RuneError("NOT_AN_OBJECT", "create()/compile() received a chain that declares no object shape.", { hint: "Use rune.object({ … }), or pass the field map directly." });
+    }
+    return shape;
+}
+/** Map an internal {@link ValidationError} to a {@link RuneErrorNode}. */
+function toErrorNode(error) {
+    const node = {
+        message: error.message,
+        rule: error.rule,
+        field: error.field,
+    };
+    if (error.index !== undefined)
+        node.index = error.index;
+    if (error.meta !== undefined)
+        node.meta = error.meta;
+    return node;
 }
 export function setValidationTranslator(translator) {
     validationTranslator = translator;
@@ -169,130 +975,1396 @@ export function setValidationTranslator(translator) {
 export function bindRosetta(rosetta) {
     setValidationTranslator((key, params) => rosetta.t(key, params));
 }
-/** Rule chain — fluent validation builder. */
+/** UUID (any version/variant) — identical to the Rust engine's pattern. */
+const UUID_RE = /^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i;
+/** Normalise a static list or a callback into a getter. */
+function allowedValuesResolver(values) {
+    if (typeof values === "function")
+        return values;
+    const snapshot = [...values];
+    return () => snapshot;
+}
 export class RuleChain {
     #rules = [];
     #isOptional = false;
+    #isNullable = false;
+    /**
+     * VineJS validates a field in bail mode by DEFAULT — it stops at that field's
+     * first failing rule (`FieldOptions.bail: true`). rune defaulted to `false`
+     * and reported every failing rule, which silently produced a different error
+     * array for the same schema. `.bail(false)` restores the exhaustive mode.
+     */
+    #bail = true;
     #transforms = [];
+    #preTransforms = [];
+    /**
+     * Type coercions (VineJS accepts `"32"` for a number). Kept OUT of
+     * `#preTransforms` on purpose: a pre-transform forces the TS path, and the
+     * Rust engine implements the very same coercion from the rule's `strict`
+     * param, so both engines agree without giving up the native path.
+     */
+    #coercions = [];
+    /** Formats accepted by `date()` — also used to parse `afterField` siblings. */
+    #dateFormats = null;
     #nestedSchema = null;
     #arrayItemChain = null;
+    #allowUnknown = false;
+    #metadata = null;
+    /** Extensions / MIME types declared by `file()` / `mimeTypes()`. */
+    #declaredExtnames = null;
+    #declaredMimeTypes = null;
+    /** `true` once the content-verification rule has been registered. */
+    #contentVerified = false;
+    /** Set by `{ verifyContent: false }` — an explicit, auditable opt-out. */
+    #contentVerificationOff = false;
+    #camelCaseKeys = false;
+    #groups = [];
+    #recordValueChain = null;
+    #tupleChains = null;
+    #unionChains = null;
     #useRules = [];
+    #asyncRules = [];
+    /** Last rule added, whichever register it landed in — the `message()` target. */
+    #lastRule = null;
+    /** `.message()` overrides for rules that report their own text from `run`. */
+    #ruleMessages = new Map();
+    #requiredConditions = [];
     /** Public read access to rules (for OpenAPI generation, Rust bridge). */
     get rules() {
         return this.#rules;
     }
-    get isOptionalField() {
-        return this.#isOptional;
+    get isOptionalField() {
+        return this.#isOptional;
+    }
+    /** Public read access to the `.nullable()` flag (keeps such schemas off the native path). */
+    get isNullable() {
+        return this.#isNullable;
+    }
+    get transforms() {
+        return this.#transforms;
+    }
+    /** Public read access to `.use()` rules (used to keep such schemas off the native path). */
+    get useRules() {
+        return this.#useRules;
+    }
+    /** Public read access to async rules (`unique`/`exists`/`useAsync`) — run by `validateResultAsync`. */
+    get asyncRules() {
+        return this.#asyncRules;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Does this chain — or anything nested under it (object fields, array items) —
+     * carry async rules? The schema-level detection used to inspect only the
+     * top-level chains, so a nested `unique`/`exists` was invisible: `validate()`
+     * did not throw and the async pass never ran the rule, silently accepting
+     * an unchecked value.
+     */
+    get hasAsyncRulesDeep() {
+        if (this.#asyncRules.length > 0)
+            return true;
+        if (this.#nestedSchema) {
+            for (const chain of Object.values(this.#nestedSchema)) {
+                if (chain.hasAsyncRulesDeep)
+                    return true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (this.#arrayItemChain?.hasAsyncRulesDeep)
+            return true;
+        if (this.#recordValueChain?.hasAsyncRulesDeep)
+            return true;
+        for (const chain of [
+            ...(this.#tupleChains ?? []),
+            ...(this.#unionChains ?? []).map((b) => b.chain),
+        ]) {
+            if (chain.hasAsyncRulesDeep)
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    /** Does this object keep keys its shape does not declare? */
+    get allowsUnknown() {
+        return this.#allowUnknown;
+    }
+    /** Free-form JSON Schema metadata attached with `meta()`. */
+    get metadata() {
+        return this.#metadata;
+    }
+    /** The item chain of an `array()`, if declared. */
+    get arrayItem() {
+        return this.#arrayItemChain;
+    }
+    /** The positional chains of a `tuple()`, if declared. */
+    get tupleItems() {
+        return this.#tupleChains;
+    }
+    /** The value chain of a `record()`, if declared. */
+    get recordValue() {
+        return this.#recordValueChain;
+    }
+    /** Whether this chain stops at its first failing rule (VineJS `bail`). */
+    get bails() {
+        return this.#bail;
+    }
+    /** Public read access to `.parse()` pre-transforms (kept off the native path). */
+    get preTransforms() {
+        return this.#preTransforms;
+    }
+    /** Whether this chain carries a `requiredWhen`-family condition. */
+    get hasConditionalRequired() {
+        return this.#requiredConditions.length > 0;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Re-type this chain to a new phantom output while carrying its runtime state
+     * forward. Cast-free: `new RuleChain<U>()` is genuinely `RuleChain<U>` because
+     * the brand is `declare`-only. State arrays are copied so the abandoned source
+     * chain can't be mutated through the new one.
+     */
+    #retype() {
+        const next = new _a();
+        next.#rules = [...this.#rules];
+        next.#isOptional = this.#isOptional;
+        next.#isNullable = this.#isNullable;
+        next.#bail = this.#bail;
+        next.#transforms = [...this.#transforms];
+        next.#dateFormats = this.#dateFormats;
+        next.#coercions = [...this.#coercions];
+        next.#allowUnknown = this.#allowUnknown;
+        next.#metadata = this.#metadata ? { ...this.#metadata } : null;
+        next.#declaredExtnames = this.#declaredExtnames;
+        next.#declaredMimeTypes = this.#declaredMimeTypes;
+        next.#contentVerified = this.#contentVerified;
+        next.#contentVerificationOff = this.#contentVerificationOff;
+        next.#camelCaseKeys = this.#camelCaseKeys;
+        next.#groups = [...this.#groups];
+        next.#recordValueChain = this.#recordValueChain;
+        next.#tupleChains = this.#tupleChains;
+        next.#unionChains = this.#unionChains;
+        next.#ruleMessages = new Map(this.#ruleMessages);
+        next.#lastRule = this.#lastRule;
+        next.#preTransforms = [...this.#preTransforms];
+        next.#nestedSchema = this.#nestedSchema;
+        next.#arrayItemChain = this.#arrayItemChain;
+        next.#useRules = [...this.#useRules];
+        next.#asyncRules = [...this.#asyncRules];
+        next.#requiredConditions = [...this.#requiredConditions];
+        return next;
+    }
+    /** Mark field as optional (absent / `undefined` allowed). */
+    optional() {
+        this.#isOptional = true;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Mark field as nullable (`null` allowed, kept in the output). */
+    nullable() {
+        this.#isNullable = true;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Mark field as both optional and nullable. */
+    nullish() {
+        this.#isOptional = true;
+        this.#isNullable = true;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Stop at the first failing rule for this field (VineJS bail). */
+    bail(enabled = true) {
+        this.#bail = enabled;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Must be an object matching a nested schema. */
+    object(shape) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "object",
+            validate: (v) => isPlainObject(v),
+            message: "Must be an object",
+        });
+        this.#nestedSchema = shape;
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /** Must be an array. Items validated by the provided chain. */
+    array(itemChain) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "array",
+            validate: (v) => Array.isArray(v),
+            message: "Must be an array",
+        });
+        this.#arrayItemChain = itemChain ?? null;
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /** Must be a string. */
+    string() {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "string",
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string",
+            message: "Must be a string",
+        });
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Must be a number. Like VineJS, a numeric STRING is coerced (`"32"` → `32`)
+     * — HTML form bodies and query strings carry numbers as text, so requiring
+     * `typeof v === "number"` rejected the values Adonis accepts. Pass
+     * `{ strict: true }` to refuse anything that is not already a number.
+     */
+    number(options) {
+        if (!options?.strict)
+            this.#coercions.push(coerceNumber);
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "number",
+            args: { strict: options?.strict === true },
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "number" && !Number.isNaN(v) && Number.isFinite(v),
+            message: "Must be a number",
+        });
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Must be a boolean. Like VineJS, `"true"`, `"false"`, `"on"`, `"off"`,
+     * `"1"`, `"0"`, `1` and `0` are coerced; `{ strict: true }` refuses them.
+     */
+    boolean(options) {
+        if (!options?.strict)
+            this.#coercions.push(coerceBoolean);
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "boolean",
+            args: { strict: options?.strict === true },
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "boolean",
+            message: "Must be a boolean",
+        });
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Must be a date (VineJS `vine.date()`). ISO 8601 by default; pass `formats`
+     * for unix timestamps (`x` = ms, `X` = seconds) or a token format such as
+     * `DD/MM/YYYY`. Parsing is calendar-strict — `2026-02-31` is rejected.
+     *
+     * The validated output is a `Date`; bind {@link setDateTransform} to map it
+     * to your own type once at boot.
+     */
+    date(options) {
+        const formats = options?.formats ?? ["iso8601"];
+        this.#dateFormats = formats;
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "date",
+            args: { formats },
+            validate: (v) => parseDateValue(v, formats) !== null,
+            message: "Must be a valid date",
+        });
+        // Parse to a real `Date` BEFORE the comparison rules run, so `after`/
+        // `before` never re-parse and never compare strings lexicographically.
+        this.#transforms.push({
+            name: "date",
+            fn: (value) => parseDateValue(value, formats) ?? value,
+        });
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /** Must be strictly after `operand` (`'today'`, an ISO string, or a `Date`). */
+    after(operand, options) {
+        return this.#compareDate("after", operand, (a, b) => a > b, options);
+    }
+    /** Must be strictly before `operand`. */
+    before(operand, options) {
+        return this.#compareDate("before", operand, (a, b) => a < b, options);
+    }
+    /** Must be after `operand`, or equal to it. */
+    afterOrEqual(operand, options) {
+        return this.#compareDate("afterOrEqual", operand, (a, b) => a >= b, options);
+    }
+    /** Must be before `operand`, or equal to it. */
+    beforeOrEqual(operand, options) {
+        return this.#compareDate("beforeOrEqual", operand, (a, b) => a <= b, options);
+    }
+    /** Must be after the date held by a sibling field (VineJS `afterField`). */
+    afterField(otherField, options) {
+        return this.#compareDateField("afterField", otherField, options, (a, b) => a > b);
+    }
+    /** Must be before the date held by a sibling field. */
+    beforeField(otherField, options) {
+        return this.#compareDateField("beforeField", otherField, options, (a, b) => a < b);
+    }
+    /** Must be the same instant as `operand` (VineJS `equals`). */
+    equals(operand, options) {
+        return this.#compareDate("equals", operand, (a, b) => a === b, options);
+    }
+    /** Must be after the sibling's date, or the same instant (VineJS `afterOrSameAs`). */
+    afterOrSameAs(otherField, options) {
+        return this.#compareDateField("afterOrSameAs", otherField, options, (a, b) => a >= b);
+    }
+    /** Must be before the sibling's date, or the same instant. */
+    beforeOrSameAs(otherField, options) {
+        return this.#compareDateField("beforeOrSameAs", otherField, options, (a, b) => a <= b);
+    }
+    /** Must fall on a Saturday or Sunday (VineJS `weekend`). */
+    weekend() {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "weekend",
+            validate: (v) => v instanceof Date && (v.getDay() === 0 || v.getDay() === 6),
+            message: "Must be a weekend date",
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Must fall on a Monday-to-Friday day (VineJS `weekday`). */
+    weekday() {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "weekday",
+            validate: (v) => v instanceof Date && v.getDay() > 0 && v.getDay() < 6,
+            message: "Must be a weekday date",
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Shared body of the `after`/`before`/`*OrEqual` literal comparisons. */
+    #compareDate(name, operand, cmp, options) {
+        // VineJS: `options.compare || "day"`. A bare `after('today')` is about the
+        // calendar date, not the clock — comparing exact timestamps made every
+        // same-day value fail a rule the caller read as "today or later".
+        const unit = options?.compare ?? "day";
+        const formats = options?.format ? [options.format] : null;
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name,
+            // A callable operand is resolved per validation, not once at build
+            // time — otherwise `after(() => Date.now())` would freeze the boundary
+            // at the moment the schema was declared (VineJS allows the callback).
+            args: typeof operand === "function" ? undefined : { operand },
+            validate: (v) => {
+                const raw = typeof operand === "function"
+                    ? operand()
+                    : operand;
+                const other = formats && typeof raw === "string"
+                    ? parseDateValue(raw, formats)
+                    : resolveOperand(raw);
+                if (!(v instanceof Date) || other === null)
+                    return false;
+                return cmp(truncateTo(v, unit), truncateTo(other, unit));
+            },
+            message: `Must be ${name.replace(/([A-Z])/g, " $1").toLowerCase()} ${String(operand)}`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Shared body of the `afterField`/`beforeField` sibling comparisons. */
+    #compareDateField(name, otherField, options, cmp) {
+        const formats = options?.format
+            ? [options.format]
+            : (this.#dateFormats ?? ["iso8601"]);
+        const unit = options?.compare ?? "day";
+        this.#pushUse({
+            __rune: "rule",
+            run: (value, field) => {
+                const other = parseDateValue(readSibling(field, otherField), formats);
+                if (!(value instanceof Date) || other === null) {
+                    field.report(`Cannot compare with ${otherField}`, name);
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (!cmp(truncateTo(value, unit), truncateTo(other, unit))) {
+                    field.report(`Must be ${name.replace("Field", "")} ${otherField}`, name);
+                }
+            },
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Keep keys the object shape does not declare (VineJS
+     * `allowUnknownProperties`). Off by default: dropping undeclared keys is what
+     * makes a validated payload safe to hand to a mass assignment.
+     */
+    allowUnknownProperties() {
+        this.#allowUnknown = true;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Convert the object's KEYS to camelCase in the output (VineJS
+     * `object.toCamelCase()`), so a snake_case payload hydrates camelCase
+     * properties. Distinct from the string `toCamelCase()`, which rewrites a
+     * VALUE — that one was never a substitute for this.
+     */
+    toCamelCaseKeys() {
+        return this.toCamelCase();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Merge extra properties into this object's shape (VineJS `merge`). Accepts a
+     * plain shape or a {@link ConditionalGroup} whose branch is chosen per
+     * payload — `vine.group` in VineJS.
+     */
+    merge(extra) {
+        if (!this.#nestedSchema) {
+            throw new RuneError("NOT_AN_OBJECT", "merge() needs an object() shape to merge into.", { hint: "rules.any().object({ … }).merge({ … })" });
+        }
+        if (isConditionalGroup(extra)) {
+            this.#groups.push(extra);
+            return this;
+        }
+        this.#nestedSchema = { ...this.#nestedSchema, ...extra };
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** The nested shape declared by `object()`, if any (VineJS `getProperties`). */
+    getProperties() {
+        // CLONE each chain, not just the map. A shallow copy shares the chain
+        // instances, so mutating one through the copy relaxes the source schema —
+        // the same trap that made `partial()` mutate its origin.
+        if (!this.#nestedSchema)
+            return null;
+        return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(this.#nestedSchema).map(([key, chain]) => [
+            key,
+            chain.clone(),
+        ]));
+    }
+    /** Independent copy of this chain (VineJS `clone`). */
+    clone() {
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /**
+     * A CLONED subset of the object's properties (VineJS `pick`).
+     *
+     * Returns a properties record, not a schema — VineJS types it
+     * `Pick<Properties, Keys>` precisely so it composes by spread:
+     * `rules.any().object({ ...userShape.pick(["id"]) })`. Returning a chain here
+     * broke that idiom.
+     */
+    pick(keys) {
+        return this.#subsetOfProperties((key) => keys.includes(key));
+    }
+    /** A cloned copy of the properties EXCLUDING `keys` (VineJS `omit`). */
+    omit(keys) {
+        return this.#subsetOfProperties((key) => !keys.includes(key));
+    }
+    /** Shared body of `pick`/`omit` — clones so the source stays untouched. */
+    #subsetOfProperties(keep) {
+        const shape = this.getProperties();
+        if (!shape) {
+            throw new RuneError("NOT_AN_OBJECT", "pick()/omit() need an object() shape to work on.", { hint: "rules.any().object({ … }).pick([…])" });
+        }
+        return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(shape).filter(([key]) => keep(key)));
+    }
+    /** Make every property of an object shape optional (VineJS `partial`). */
+    partial(keys) {
+        // `optional()` mutates and returns the SAME chain, so calling it on the
+        // stored properties made the source shape optional too — `base.partial()`
+        // silently relaxed `base`. Clone each property first, like VineJS does.
+        return this.#reshape((shape) => Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(shape).map(([key, chain]) => [
+            key,
+            keys === undefined || keys.includes(key)
+                ? chain.clone().optional()
+                : chain,
+        ])));
+    }
+    /** Shared body of `pick`/`omit`/`partial` — rebuilds the nested shape on a clone. */
+    #reshape(transform) {
+        if (!this.#nestedSchema) {
+            throw new RuneError("NOT_AN_OBJECT", "pick()/omit()/partial() need an object() shape to work on.", {
+                hint: "Declare the shape first: rules.any().object({ … }).pick([…])",
+            });
+        }
+        const next = this.#retype();
+        next.#nestedSchema = transform(this.#nestedSchema);
+        return next;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Must be an "accepted" value — `true`, `1`, `"1"`, `"on"`, `"yes"`,
+     * `"true"` (VineJS `accepted`, for checkbox-style consent fields).
+     */
+    accepted() {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "accepted",
+            validate: isAcceptedValue,
+            message: "Must be accepted",
+        });
+        // Normalise ONLY an accepted value: a blanket `() => true` would rewrite a
+        // refused value into an accepted one before the rule ever saw it.
+        this.#transforms.push({
+            name: "accepted",
+            fn: (value) => (isAcceptedValue(value) ? true : value),
+        });
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Object with arbitrary keys, every value validated by `valueChain`
+     * (VineJS `record`).
+     */
+    record(valueChain) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "record",
+            validate: (v) => isPlainObject(v),
+            message: "Must be an object",
+        });
+        this.#recordValueChain = valueChain;
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Fixed-length array with a schema per position (VineJS `tuple`). Extra
+     * items are rejected — a tuple that silently ignores a trailing element is
+     * how unvalidated data slips through.
+     */
+    tuple(items) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "tuple",
+            args: { length: items.length },
+            validate: (v) => Array.isArray(v) && v.length === items.length,
+            message: `Must be an array of exactly ${items.length} items`,
+        });
+        this.#tupleChains = [...items];
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Value must satisfy at least one of `chains`.
+     *
+     * Two forms, both supported:
+     *
+     * - guarded (VineJS parity): `union([rules.union.if(pred, chain), …,
+     *   rules.union.else(fallback)])` — the predicate SELECTS the branch and
+     *   that branch's own errors are reported, so a failure says which shape was
+     *   meant and why it did not fit.
+     * - bare chains: tried in order, first match wins, and a total miss reports a
+     *   single `union` error rather than every losing branch's noise.
+     */
+    union(chains) {
+        this.#unionChains = chains.map(toUnionBranch);
+        // Marker rule: its name is not in NATIVE_RULES, which is what keeps a
+        // union off the native path. The Rust engine knows nothing about branches
+        // and would silently accept anything.
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "union",
+            validate: () => true,
+            message: "Does not match any allowed shape",
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Must be an uploaded file (VineJS/Adonis `vine.file()`).
+     *
+     * Named deviation: Adonis validates a bodyparser `MultipartFile`, which rune
+     * cannot import and stay agnostic. It checks the STRUCTURE instead — any
+     * object exposing `size` and a name/extension — so an Adonis MultipartFile
+     * satisfies it, and so does any other upload representation.
+     *
+     * `size` is a byte count; `extnames` are compared lowercase, without the dot.
+     */
+    file(options) {
+        // Adonis documents `size: '2mb'`; a numeric-only option meant a
+        // transcribed validator either failed the typecheck or, in JS, silently
+        // stopped capping.
+        const maxBytes = options?.size === undefined ? undefined : parseByteSize(options.size);
+        if (options?.extnames)
+            this.#declaredExtnames = options.extnames;
+        if (options?.verifyContent === false)
+            this.#contentVerificationOff = true;
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "file",
+            args: options ? { ...options } : undefined,
+            validate: (v) => {
+                if (!isFileLike(v))
+                    return false;
+                if (maxBytes !== undefined && v.size > maxBytes)
+                    return false;
+                if (options?.extnames) {
+                    const ext = fileExtension(v);
+                    if (ext === null)
+                        return false;
+                    if (!options.extnames.map((e) => e.toLowerCase()).includes(ext)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            },
+            message: "Must be a valid file",
+        });
+        // Declaring an allowed extension list is a SECURITY statement, so the
+        // bytes are checked by default. `{ verifyContent: false }` opts out
+        // explicitly and leaves a trace in the schema.
+        if (options?.extnames)
+            this.#ensureContentVerification();
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Uploaded file with VineJS `nativeFile` options — `minSize`, `maxSize`,
+     * `mimeTypes`. Same structural contract as {@link file}: rune never reads
+     * bytes, so the MIME type is the one the upload REPORTS.
+     */
+    nativeFile(options) {
+        const min = options?.minSize === undefined
+            ? undefined
+            : parseByteSize(options.minSize);
+        const max = options?.maxSize === undefined
+            ? undefined
+            : parseByteSize(options.maxSize);
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "nativeFile",
+            args: options ? { ...options } : undefined,
+            validate: (v) => {
+                if (!isFileLike(v))
+                    return false;
+                if (min !== undefined && v.size < min)
+                    return false;
+                if (max !== undefined && v.size > max)
+                    return false;
+                if (options?.mimeTypes) {
+                    const type = typeof v.type === "string" ? v.type.toLowerCase() : null;
+                    if (type === null)
+                        return false;
+                    if (!options.mimeTypes.map((m) => m.toLowerCase()).includes(type)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            },
+            message: "Must be a valid file",
+        });
+        // Declaring allowed MIME types is a SECURITY statement, so the bytes are
+        // checked by default.
+        if (options?.mimeTypes)
+            this.#ensureContentVerification();
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /** Minimum upload size (VineJS `nativeFile().minSize()`). */
+    minSize(size) {
+        const min = parseByteSize(size);
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "minSize",
+            args: { size },
+            validate: (v) => isFileLike(v) && v.size >= min,
+            message: `Must be at least ${size} in size`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Maximum upload size (VineJS `nativeFile().maxSize()`). */
+    maxSize(size) {
+        const max = parseByteSize(size);
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "maxSize",
+            args: { size },
+            validate: (v) => isFileLike(v) && v.size <= max,
+            message: `Must be at most ${size} in size`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Allowed MIME types (VineJS `nativeFile().mimeTypes()`). The type is the one
+     * the upload REPORTS — rune never reads bytes, see {@link file}.
+     */
+    mimeTypes(types) {
+        const allowed = types.map((t) => t.toLowerCase());
+        this.#declaredMimeTypes = allowed;
+        this.#ensureContentVerification();
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "mimeTypes",
+            args: { types: allowed },
+            validate: (v) => isFileLike(v) &&
+                typeof v.type === "string" &&
+                allowed.includes(v.type.toLowerCase()),
+            message: `Must be one of ${allowed.join(", ")}`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Verify the file's REAL type against its magic number (Adonis parity).
+     *
+     * A `.exe` renamed `.jpg` passes every declarative check — size, extension,
+     * reported MIME — because all three come from the uploader. This reads the
+     * leading bytes and refuses a mismatch.
+     *
+     * Async by nature (it touches the filesystem), so the schema must run with
+     * `validateResultAsync` / `validate`. Needs a byte source on the file object
+     * (`buffer`, `tmpPath`, `filePath` or `path`) — an Adonis `MultipartFile`
+     * carries `tmpPath`. With NO source it FAILS: a content check that cannot
+     * run must never look like one that passed.
+     */
+    verifyContent() {
+        this.#contentVerificationOff = false;
+        return this.#ensureContentVerification();
+    }
+    /** Register the content check once, honouring an explicit opt-out. */
+    #ensureContentVerification() {
+        if (this.#contentVerified || this.#contentVerificationOff)
+            return this;
+        this.#contentVerified = true;
+        return this.#registerContentVerification();
+    }
+    /** The async rule itself — reads the bytes and confronts the declaration. */
+    #registerContentVerification() {
+        const extnames = this.#declaredExtnames;
+        const mimeTypes = this.#declaredMimeTypes;
+        this.#pushAsync({
+            __rune: "asyncRule",
+            async run(value, field) {
+                if (!isFileLike(value)) {
+                    field.report("Must be a valid file", "verifyContent");
+                    return;
+                }
+                const head = await readFileHead(value);
+                if (head === null) {
+                    field.report("Cannot read the file's content to verify its type", "verifyContent");
+                    return;
+                }
+                const detected = detectFileType(head);
+                if (detected === null) {
+                    field.report("File type could not be recognised", "verifyContent");
+                    return;
+                }
+                // The declared extension must agree with the bytes.
+                const declaredExt = typeof value.extname === "string" && value.extname.length > 0
+                    ? value.extname
+                    : null;
+                if (declaredExt && !extensionMatches(detected.ext, declaredExt)) {
+                    field.report(`Content is ${detected.ext}, not ${declaredExt.replace(/^\./, "")}`, "verifyContent");
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (extnames &&
+                    !extnames.some((allowed) => extensionMatches(detected.ext, allowed))) {
+                    field.report(`Content is ${detected.ext}, which is not allowed`, "verifyContent");
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (mimeTypes && !mimeTypes.includes(detected.mime)) {
+                    field.report(`Content is ${detected.mime}, which is not allowed`, "verifyContent");
+                }
+            },
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Must equal one of `values` (enum). Narrows the output to the union. */
+    enum(values) {
+        const allowed = [...values];
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "enum",
+            args: { values: allowed },
+            validate: (v) => allowed.includes(asPrimitive(v)),
+            message: "Invalid value",
+        });
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /** Must equal a literal value. */
+    literal(value) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "literal",
+            args: { value, expectedValue: value },
+            validate: (v) => v === value,
+            message: `Must be ${String(value)}`,
+        });
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /** Minimum length (string) or minimum value (number). Alias of min/minLength. */
+    min(n) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "min",
+            param: n,
+            args: { min: n },
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string"
+                ? [...v].length >= n
+                : typeof v === "number"
+                    ? v >= n
+                    : false,
+            message: `Minimum ${n}`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Maximum length (string) or maximum value (number). Alias of max/maxLength. */
+    max(n) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "max",
+            param: n,
+            args: { max: n },
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string"
+                ? [...v].length <= n
+                : typeof v === "number"
+                    ? v <= n
+                    : false,
+            message: `Maximum ${n}`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Minimum length for a string or array (VineJS `minLength`). */
+    minLength(n) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "minLength",
+            param: n,
+            args: { min: n },
+            validate: (v) => sizedLength(v) >= n,
+            message: `Must have at least ${n} characters`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Maximum length for a string or array (VineJS `maxLength`). */
+    maxLength(n) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "maxLength",
+            param: n,
+            args: { max: n },
+            validate: (v) => {
+                const len = sizedLength(v);
+                return len >= 0 && len <= n;
+            },
+            message: `Must not exceed ${n} characters`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Exact length for a string or array (VineJS `fixedLength`). */
+    fixedLength(n) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "fixedLength",
+            param: n,
+            args: { size: n },
+            validate: (v) => sizedLength(v) === n,
+            message: `Must be exactly ${n} characters`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Must be a valid email. */
+    email(options) {
+        return this.#stringRule("email", (v) => isEmail(v, options), "Must be a valid email address", options ? { ...options } : undefined);
+    }
+    /** Must match a regular expression (TS-only — never dispatched to Rust). */
+    regex(pattern) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "regex",
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string" && pattern.test(v),
+            message: "Invalid format",
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Must be a valid URL (TS-only — uses the WHATWG URL parser). */
+    url(options) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "url",
+            args: options ? { ...options } : undefined,
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string" &&
+                (options ? isUrlWithOptions(v, options) : isValidUrl(v)),
+            message: "Must be a valid URL",
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * The host must actually resolve (VineJS `activeUrl`).
+     *
+     * The only rule needing the network, which rune cannot do and stay agnostic
+     * and zero-dependency — so it runs through a resolver bound once at boot,
+     * exactly like `unique()`. Async by nature: run the schema with
+     * `validateResultAsync`. Unbound it THROWS, rather than passing a host nobody
+     * checked.
+     */
+    activeUrl() {
+        this.#pushAsync({
+            __rune: "asyncRule",
+            async run(value, field) {
+                if (!hostResolver) {
+                    throw new RuneError("NO_HOST_RESOLVER", "activeUrl() needs a host resolver.", { hint: "Call bindHostResolver(resolver) once at boot." });
+                }
+                let host;
+                try {
+                    host = new URL(String(value)).hostname;
+                }
+                catch {
+                    field.report("Must be a valid URL", "activeUrl");
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (!(await hostResolver.resolves(host))) {
+                    field.report("Must be an active URL", "activeUrl");
+                }
+            },
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Must be a valid UUID, optionally restricted to given versions
+     * (VineJS `uuid({ version: [4] })`, versions 1 through 8).
+     */
+    uuid(options) {
+        const versions = options?.version === undefined ? undefined : [options.version].flat();
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "uuid",
+            args: versions === undefined ? {} : { version: versions },
+            // The Rust engine checks UUID shape only; a version constraint would
+            // be dropped there.
+            tsOnly: versions !== undefined,
+            validate: (v) => {
+                if (typeof v !== "string" || !UUID_RE.test(v))
+                    return false;
+                if (versions === undefined)
+                    return true;
+                // Version nibble: first character of the third group.
+                const version = Number.parseInt(v[14] ?? "", 16);
+                return versions.includes(version);
+            },
+            message: versions === undefined
+                ? "Must be a valid UUID"
+                : `Must be a UUID v${versions.join("/")}`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Must be a ULID (VineJS `ulid`). */
+    ulid() {
+        return this.#stringRule("ulid", isUlid, "Must be a valid ULID");
+    }
+    /** Must be a JSON Web Token — three dot-separated base64url segments. */
+    jwt() {
+        return this.#stringRule("jwt", isJwt, "Must be a valid JWT");
+    }
+    /** Must contain only ASCII characters (VineJS `ascii`). */
+    ascii() {
+        return this.#stringRule("ascii", isAscii, "Must contain only ASCII characters");
+    }
+    /** Must be a CSS hex colour code, with or without the leading `#`. */
+    hexCode() {
+        return this.#stringRule("hexCode", isHexCode, "Must be a valid hex code");
+    }
+    /** Must be an IP address. Pass `version` to require v4 or v6 specifically. */
+    ipAddress(options) {
+        const version = options?.version;
+        return this.#stringRule("ipAddress", (v) => isIpAddress(v, version), `Must be a valid IP address${version ? ` (v${version})` : ""}`, { version });
+    }
+    /** Must pass the Luhn checksum (VineJS `creditCard`). */
+    creditCard() {
+        return this.#stringRule("creditCard", isCreditCard, "Must be a valid credit card number");
+    }
+    /** Must be an IBAN passing the ISO 13616 mod-97 check. */
+    iban() {
+        return this.#stringRule("iban", isIban, "Must be a valid IBAN");
+    }
+    /** Must be a `"lat,lng"` pair within the valid ranges. */
+    coordinates() {
+        return this.#stringRule("coordinates", isCoordinates, "Must be valid coordinates");
+    }
+    /**
+     * Must be a mobile number in E.164 form. Named deviation from VineJS: rune
+     * carries no per-locale numbering plans, so there is no `locale` option.
+     */
+    mobile(options) {
+        const locales = options?.locale ? [options.locale].flat() : null;
+        for (const locale of locales ?? []) {
+            if (isMobileForLocale("", locale) === null) {
+                throw new RuneError("UNSUPPORTED_LOCALE", `mobile(): no numbering plan for locale '${locale}'.`, {
+                    hint: `Supported: ${SUPPORTED_MOBILE_LOCALES.join(", ")}. Omit the locale for E.164, or use .regex().`,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        return this.#stringRule("mobile", (v) => {
+            // strictMode (validator.js): the number must carry its `+` country
+            // prefix, so a national-format string is not silently accepted.
+            if (options?.strictMode && !v.trim().startsWith("+"))
+                return false;
+            return locales
+                ? locales.some((locale) => isMobileForLocale(v, locale) === true)
+                : isMobile(v);
+        }, "Must be a valid mobile number", (locales ?? options?.strictMode)
+            ? { locale: locales, strictMode: options?.strictMode }
+            : undefined);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Must be a postal code for `countryCode`. Throws for a country rune has no
+     * pattern for, rather than accepting the value unchecked.
+     */
+    postalCode(options) {
+        // The callback form resolves per validation (VineJS lets the country come
+        // from a sibling field), so its countries cannot be checked up front.
+        if (typeof options === "function") {
+            this.#pushUse({
+                __rune: "rule",
+                run: (value, field) => {
+                    if (typeof value !== "string")
+                        return;
+                    const countries = [options(field).countryCode].flat();
+                    if (!countries.some((c) => isPostalCode(value, c) === true)) {
+                        field.report(`Must be a valid ${countries.join("/")} postal code`, "postalCode");
+                    }
+                },
+            });
+            return this;
+        }
+        const countries = [options.countryCode].flat();
+        for (const country of countries) {
+            if (isPostalCode("", country) === null) {
+                throw new RuneError("UNSUPPORTED_COUNTRY", `postalCode(): no pattern for country '${country}'.`, {
+                    hint: `Supported: ${SUPPORTED_POSTAL_CODES.join(", ")}. Use .regex() for others.`,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        return this.#stringRule("postalCode", (v) => countries.some((c) => isPostalCode(v, c) === true), `Must be a valid ${countries.join("/").toUpperCase()} postal code`, { countryCode: countries });
+    }
+    /**
+     * Must be a valid VAT number (VineJS 4.2 `vat`). Accepts a country list or a
+     * callback resolving it per payload.
+     *
+     * Checksums are run where the country defines a short, well-defined one
+     * (BE, DE, NL, IT, PT, LU, CH); the others are FORMAT-only, which is stated
+     * rather than implied. An unknown country LEVES rather than accepting the
+     * value unchecked.
+     */
+    vat(options) {
+        if (typeof options === "function") {
+            this.#pushUse({
+                __rune: "rule",
+                run: (value, field) => {
+                    if (typeof value !== "string")
+                        return;
+                    const countries = [options(field).countryCode].flat();
+                    if (!countries.some((c) => isVat(value, c) === true)) {
+                        field.report(`Must be a valid ${countries.join("/")} VAT number`, "vat");
+                    }
+                },
+            });
+            return this;
+        }
+        const countries = [options.countryCode].flat();
+        for (const country of countries) {
+            if (isVat("", country) === null) {
+                throw new RuneError("UNSUPPORTED_COUNTRY", `vat(): no rule for country '${country}'.`, {
+                    hint: `Supported: ${SUPPORTED_VAT_COUNTRIES.join(", ")}. Use .regex() for others.`,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        return this.#stringRule("vat", (v) => countries.some((c) => isVat(v, c) === true), `Must be a valid ${countries.join("/").toUpperCase()} VAT number`, { countryCode: countries });
+    }
+    /** Must differ from a sibling field (VineJS `notSameAs`). */
+    notSameAs(otherField) {
+        const formats = this.#dateFormats;
+        this.#pushUse({
+            __rune: "rule",
+            run: (value, field) => {
+                const other = readSibling(field, otherField);
+                if (formats !== null && value instanceof Date) {
+                    const parsed = parseDateValue(other, formats);
+                    if (parsed !== null && parsed.getTime() === value.getTime()) {
+                        field.report(`Must be different from ${otherField}`, "notSameAs");
+                    }
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (value === other) {
+                    field.report(`Must be different from ${otherField}`, "notSameAs");
+                }
+            },
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Array items must be unique — optionally compared on `field` (VineJS `distinct`). */
+    distinct(field) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "distinct",
+            args: { field },
+            validate: (v) => {
+                if (!Array.isArray(v))
+                    return false;
+                const fieldList = field === undefined ? null : [field].flat();
+                const keys = [];
+                for (const item of v) {
+                    // VineJS ignores null/undefined items entirely: `[1, null, 2, null]`
+                    // is distinct. Serialising them would make the second one a
+                    // duplicate of the first.
+                    if (item === null || item === undefined)
+                        continue;
+                    if (fieldList === null) {
+                        keys.push(JSON.stringify(item));
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (!isPlainObject(item))
+                        continue;
+                    // VineJS skips an item missing the key(s): two absent values are
+                    // not a duplicate of each other.
+                    if (fieldList.some((k) => item[k] === undefined || item[k] === null)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    keys.push(JSON.stringify(fieldList.map((k) => item[k])));
+                }
+                return new Set(keys).size === keys.length;
+            },
+            message: field
+                ? `Items must have a unique ${field}`
+                : "Items must be unique",
+        });
+        return this;
     }
-    get transforms() {
-        return this.#transforms;
+    /** Must be less than or equal to zero (VineJS `nonPositive`). */
+    nonPositive() {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "nonPositive",
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "number" && v <= 0,
+            message: "Must be zero or negative",
+        });
+        return this;
     }
-    /** Public read access to `.use()` rules (used to keep such schemas off the native path). */
-    get useRules() {
-        return this.#useRules;
+    /** Array must hold at least one item (VineJS `notEmpty`). */
+    notEmpty() {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "notEmpty",
+            validate: (v) => Array.isArray(v) && v.length > 0,
+            message: "Must not be empty",
+        });
+        return this;
     }
-    /** Mark field as optional. */
-    optional() {
-        this.#isOptional = true;
+    /** Drop `null`, `undefined` and `""` items before the item rules run. */
+    compact() {
+        this.#transforms.push({
+            name: "compact",
+            fn: (value) => Array.isArray(value)
+                ? value.filter((item) => item !== null && item !== undefined && item !== "")
+                : value,
+        });
         return this;
     }
-    /** Must be an object matching a nested schema. */
-    object(shape) {
-        this.#rules.push({
-            name: "object",
-            validate: (v) => typeof v === "object" && v !== null && !Array.isArray(v),
-            message: "Must be an object",
+    /** Number must have no fractional part (VineJS `withoutDecimals`). */
+    withoutDecimals() {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "withoutDecimals",
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "number" && Number.isInteger(v),
+            message: "Must not have decimals",
         });
-        this.#nestedSchema = shape;
         return this;
     }
-    /** Must be an array. Items validated by the provided chain. */
-    array(itemChain) {
-        this.#rules.push({
-            name: "array",
-            validate: (v) => Array.isArray(v),
-            message: "Must be an array",
+    /** Shared body of the string-format rules: reject non-strings, then check. */
+    #stringRule(name, check, message, args) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name,
+            args,
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string" && check(v),
+            message,
         });
-        this.#arrayItemChain = itemChain ?? null;
         return this;
     }
-    /** Must be a string. */
-    string() {
-        this.#rules.push({
-            name: "string",
-            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string",
-            message: "Must be a string",
+    /** Must be a passport number for `countryCode`. Throws for an uncovered country. */
+    passport(options) {
+        const countries = [options.countryCode].flat();
+        for (const country of countries) {
+            if (isPassport("", country) === null) {
+                throw new RuneError("UNSUPPORTED_COUNTRY", `passport(): no pattern for country '${country}'.`, {
+                    hint: `Supported: ${SUPPORTED_PASSPORTS.join(", ")}. Use .regex() for others.`,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        return this.#stringRule("passport", (v) => countries.some((c) => isPassport(v, c) === true), `Must be a valid ${countries.join("/").toUpperCase()} passport number`, { countryCode: countries });
+    }
+    /** Lowercase the value (VineJS `toLowerCase`). */
+    toLowerCase() {
+        return this.#stringMutation("toLowerCase", (v) => v.toLowerCase());
+    }
+    /** Uppercase the value (VineJS `toUpperCase`). */
+    toUpperCase() {
+        return this.#stringMutation("toUpperCase", (v) => v.toUpperCase());
+    }
+    /**
+     * VineJS `toCamelCase()`, on both shapes it exists for:
+     *
+     * - on an `object()` chain it camelCases the object's KEYS
+     *   (`VineObject.toCamelCase`);
+     * - on any other chain it camelCases the string VALUE (`VineString`).
+     *
+     * One name, because Vine has one name. Dispatching on whether a nested shape
+     * was declared is what keeps a transcribed validator behaving the same.
+     */
+    toCamelCase() {
+        if (this.#nestedSchema) {
+            this.#camelCaseKeys = true;
+            return this;
+        }
+        return this.#stringMutation("toCamelCase", toCamelCase);
+    }
+    /** HTML-escape `& < > " '` (VineJS `escape`). */
+    escape() {
+        return this.#stringMutation("escape", escapeHtml);
+    }
+    /** Normalise an email address (VineJS `normalizeEmail`). */
+    normalizeEmail(options) {
+        return this.#stringMutation("normalizeEmail", (v) => normalizeEmail(v, options));
+    }
+    /** Normalise a URL (VineJS `normalizeUrl`). */
+    normalizeUrl(options) {
+        return this.#stringMutation("normalizeUrl", (v) => normalizeUrl(v, options));
+    }
+    /** Shared body of the string mutations — non-strings pass through untouched. */
+    #stringMutation(name, fn) {
+        this.#transforms.push({
+            name,
+            fn: (value) => (typeof value === "string" ? fn(value) : value),
         });
         return this;
     }
-    /** Must be a number. */
-    number() {
-        this.#rules.push({
-            name: "number",
-            validate: (v) => typeof v === "number" && !Number.isNaN(v) && Number.isFinite(v),
-            message: "Must be a number",
+    /** Must contain only ASCII letters. */
+    alpha(options) {
+        const pattern = alphaPattern("a-zA-Z", options);
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "alpha",
+            args: options ? { ...options } : undefined,
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string" && v.length > 0 && pattern.test(v),
+            message: "Must contain only letters",
         });
         return this;
     }
-    /** Must be a boolean. */
-    boolean() {
-        this.#rules.push({
-            name: "boolean",
-            validate: (v) => typeof v === "boolean",
-            message: "Must be a boolean",
+    /** Must contain only ASCII letters and digits. */
+    alphaNumeric(options) {
+        const pattern = alphaPattern("a-zA-Z0-9", options);
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "alphaNumeric",
+            args: options ? { ...options } : undefined,
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string" && v.length > 0 && pattern.test(v),
+            message: "Must contain only letters and numbers",
         });
         return this;
     }
-    /** Minimum length (string) or minimum value (number). */
-    min(n) {
-        this.#rules.push({
-            name: "min",
-            param: n,
-            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string"
-                ? [...v].length >= n
-                : typeof v === "number"
-                    ? v >= n
-                    : false,
-            message: `Minimum ${n}`,
+    /** String must start with `substring`. */
+    startsWith(substring) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "startsWith",
+            args: { substring },
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string" && v.startsWith(substring),
+            message: `Must start with ${substring}`,
         });
         return this;
     }
-    /** Maximum length (string) or maximum value (number). */
-    max(n) {
-        this.#rules.push({
-            name: "max",
-            param: n,
-            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string"
-                ? [...v].length <= n
-                : typeof v === "number"
-                    ? v <= n
-                    : false,
-            message: `Maximum ${n}`,
+    /** String must end with `substring`. */
+    endsWith(substring) {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "endsWith",
+            args: { substring },
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string" && v.endsWith(substring),
+            message: `Must end with ${substring}`,
         });
         return this;
     }
-    /** Must be a valid email. */
-    email() {
-        this.#rules.push({
-            name: "email",
-            // Mirror the Rust engine's regex exactly (crates/rune-engine/src/engine.rs)
-            // so the SAME schema validates identically whether or not the native
-            // binary loaded: no whitespace anywhere (the old TS rule rejected only
-            // \r\n, silently accepting interior spaces), a single @, dotted domain.
-            validate: (v) => typeof v === "string" && /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/.test(v),
-            message: "Must be a valid email",
+    /**
+     * Value must be one of `values`.
+     *
+     * VineJS also accepts a callback so the list can be computed at validation
+     * time (tenant-scoped roles, values read from config…). A static array is
+     * snapshotted; a callback is invoked on every check.
+     */
+    in(values) {
+        const resolve = allowedValuesResolver(values);
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "in",
+            args: typeof values === "function" ? {} : { values: [...values] },
+            // A callback list is computed per call — the native engine only ever
+            // sees a static array, so it must not run this rule.
+            tsOnly: typeof values === "function",
+            validate: (v) => resolve().includes(asPrimitive(v)),
+            message: "Invalid value",
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Value must NOT be one of `values`. */
+    notIn(values) {
+        const resolve = allowedValuesResolver(values);
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "notIn",
+            args: typeof values === "function" ? {} : { values: [...values] },
+            tsOnly: typeof values === "function",
+            validate: (v) => !resolve().includes(asPrimitive(v)),
+            message: "Invalid value",
         });
         return this;
     }
-    /** Must be positive (> 0) and finite. */
+    /** Number must be positive (> 0) and finite. */
     positive() {
-        this.#rules.push({
+        this.#pushRule({
             name: "positive",
             validate: (v) => typeof v === "number" && Number.isFinite(v) && v > 0,
             message: "Must be positive",
         });
         return this;
     }
+    /** Number must be negative (< 0) and finite. */
+    negative() {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "negative",
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "number" && Number.isFinite(v) && v < 0,
+            message: "Must be negative",
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Number must be >= 0 and finite. */
+    nonNegative() {
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "nonNegative",
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "number" && Number.isFinite(v) && v >= 0,
+            message: "Must be positive or zero",
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Number must fall within `[min, max]` (inclusive). */
+    range(bounds) {
+        // VineJS signature is a TUPLE (`range([18, 60])`); the two-argument form
+        // silently dropped `max` when an Adonis validator was transcribed as-is.
+        const [min, max] = bounds;
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "range",
+            args: { min, max },
+            validate: (v) => typeof v === "number" && v >= min && v <= max,
+            message: `Must be between ${min} and ${max}`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Number must have at most `digits` decimal places (TS-only). */
+    decimal(digits) {
+        // VineJS accepts a `[min, max]` range as well as a single maximum.
+        const [min, max] = Array.isArray(digits) ? digits : [0, digits];
+        this.#pushRule({
+            name: "decimal",
+            args: { digits },
+            validate: (v) => {
+                if (typeof v !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(v))
+                    return false;
+                const places = String(v).split(".")[1]?.length ?? 0;
+                return places >= min && places <= max;
+            },
+            message: Array.isArray(digits)
+                ? `Must have between ${min} and ${max} decimal places`
+                : `Must have at most ${max} decimal places`,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Must equal a sibling field (VineJS `sameAs`). Cross-field → TS-only. */
+    sameAs(otherField) {
+        const formats = this.#dateFormats;
+        this.#pushUse({
+            __rune: "rule",
+            run: (value, field) => {
+                const other = readSibling(field, otherField);
+                // On a date chain the value is a parsed `Date` and the sibling is
+                // still raw, so `!==` would compare a Date to a string and always
+                // fail. Compare instants instead.
+                if (formats !== null && value instanceof Date) {
+                    const parsed = parseDateValue(other, formats);
+                    if (parsed === null || parsed.getTime() !== value.getTime()) {
+                        field.report(`Must match ${otherField}`, "sameAs");
+                    }
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (value !== other) {
+                    field.report(`Must match ${otherField}`, "sameAs");
+                }
+            },
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Must equal its `<field>_confirmation` sibling (VineJS `confirmed`). */
+    confirmed(options) {
+        this.#pushUse({
+            __rune: "rule",
+            run: (value, field) => {
+                const leaf = field.field.split(".").pop() ?? field.field;
+                // `as` is the current VineJS spelling; `confirmationField` is its
+                // deprecated alias, kept so existing callers keep working.
+                const other = options?.as ?? options?.confirmationField ?? `${leaf}_confirmation`;
+                if (value !== readSibling(field, other)) {
+                    // VineJS reports on the CONFIRMATION field: that is the input the
+                    // user has to fix, and where a form renders the message.
+                    const prefix = field.field.slice(0, -leaf.length);
+                    field.report("Confirmation does not match", "confirmed", `${prefix}${other}`);
+                }
+            },
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Required only when `otherField` is present (non-null) — else optional. */
+    requiredIfExists(otherField) {
+        this.#requiredConditions.push({ kind: "exists", otherField });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Required only when `otherField` is absent/null — else optional. */
+    requiredIfMissing(otherField) {
+        this.#requiredConditions.push({ kind: "missing", otherField });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /** Required only when `otherField <op> value` holds — else optional. */
+    requiredWhen(otherField, operator, value) {
+        this.#requiredConditions.push({
+            kind: "when",
+            otherField,
+            operator,
+            value,
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
     /** Trim whitespace (transform). */
     trim() {
         this.#transforms.push({
@@ -301,9 +2373,24 @@ export class RuleChain {
         });
         return this;
     }
+    /**
+     * Post-validation transform changing the output type (VineJS `transform`).
+     * `value` is `unknown` — narrow it in the callback (the no-cast rule forbids
+     * lying about a dynamically-produced value's static type).
+     */
+    transform(fn) {
+        const next = this.#retype();
+        next.#transforms.push({ name: "transform", fn: (v, f) => fn(v, f) });
+        return next;
+    }
+    /** Pre-validation transform of the raw input (VineJS `parse`). */
+    parse(fn) {
+        this.#preTransforms.push(fn);
+        return this;
+    }
     /** Custom validation rule. */
     custom(name, validate, message) {
-        this.#rules.push({
+        this.#pushRule({
             name,
             validate,
             message: message ?? `Failed custom rule: ${name}`,
@@ -316,113 +2403,473 @@ export class RuleChain {
      * validate across fields. Runs after this field's type/value rules.
      */
     use(rule) {
+        // A rule built with `{ isAsync: true }` arrives here (VineJS has one
+        // `use`); routing it to the sync register would drop the await.
+        if (rule.__rune === "asyncRule") {
+            return this.useAsync(rule);
+        }
         if (rule?.__rune !== "rule" || typeof rule.run !== "function") {
             throw new RuneError("INVALID_RULE", "use() expects a compiled rule — call the factory first", { hint: "use(myRule()) or use(myRule(options)), not use(myRule)" });
         }
-        this.#useRules.push(rule);
+        this.#pushUse(rule);
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Attach an async rule (from {@link createAsyncRule}). The schema must then be
+     * run with `validateResultAsync` — sync `validate()` throws for such a schema.
+     */
+    useAsync(rule) {
+        if (rule?.__rune !== "asyncRule" || typeof rule.run !== "function") {
+            throw new RuneError("INVALID_RULE", "useAsync() expects a compiled async rule — call the factory first", { hint: "useAsync(myRule()) or useAsync(myRule(options))" });
+        }
+        this.#pushAsync(rule);
+        return this;
+    }
+    unique(checkOrOptions, message) {
+        const check = toDatabaseCheck(checkOrOptions, "unique");
+        this.#pushAsync({
+            __rune: "asyncRule",
+            async run(value, field) {
+                const ok = await check(value, field);
+                if (!ok) {
+                    field.report(message ?? `The ${field.field} has already been taken`, "database.unique");
+                }
+            },
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    exists(checkOrOptions, message) {
+        const check = toDatabaseCheck(checkOrOptions, "exists");
+        this.#pushAsync({
+            __rune: "asyncRule",
+            async run(value, field) {
+                const ok = await check(value, field);
+                if (!ok) {
+                    field.report(message ?? `The selected ${field.field} is invalid`, "database.exists");
+                }
+            },
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Attach free-form JSON Schema metadata (VineJS `meta()`) — `title`,
+     * `description`, `examples`, `deprecated`… Merged verbatim into the field's
+     * node by `toJSONSchema()`.
+     */
+    meta(metadata) {
+        this.#metadata = { ...this.#metadata, ...metadata };
         return this;
     }
-    /** Set custom error message for the last rule. */
+    /**
+     * Set a custom error message for the rule that was just added.
+     *
+     * "The last rule" spans all three registers: value rules (`#rules`),
+     * cross-field `.use()` rules (`sameAs`, `confirmed`, `afterField`,
+     * `notSameAs`) and async rules (`unique`, `exists`, `useAsync`). Targeting
+     * `#rules` alone silently retargeted the PREVIOUS value rule — or threw
+     * `NO_RULE` — whenever the preceding call was a cross-field or async rule.
+     */
     message(msg) {
-        if (this.#rules.length === 0) {
+        const target = this.#lastRule;
+        if (!target) {
             throw new RuneError("NO_RULE", "message() must be called after a rule");
         }
-        this.#rules[this.#rules.length - 1].message = msg;
+        if (target.kind === "value") {
+            target.ref.message = msg;
+            target.ref.hasCustomMessage = true;
+        }
+        else {
+            // `.use()` / async rules report their own text from inside `run`, so the
+            // override is applied when the rule reports rather than stored on it.
+            this.#ruleMessages.set(target.ref, msg);
+        }
         return this;
     }
-    /** Internal: validate a field value and return errors + transformed value. */
-    _validateWithTransform(field, value, ctx = EMPTY_RUN_CONTEXT) {
-        if (value === undefined || value === null) {
-            if (this.#isOptional)
-                return { errors: [], transformed: value };
-            return { errors: [this.#requiredError(field)], transformed: value };
+    /**
+     * Build the {@link FieldContext} handed to `.use()` / async rules. Shared so
+     * the sync and async paths cannot drift on what a rule can see.
+     */
+    #makeFieldContext(field, value, ctx, errors, onMutate) {
+        const segments = field.split(".");
+        return {
+            value,
+            data: ctx.data,
+            parent: ctx.parent,
+            field,
+            meta: ctx.meta,
+            isValid: errors.length === 0,
+            name: segments[segments.length - 1] ?? field,
+            wildCardPath: toWildcardPath(field),
+            isArrayMember: Array.isArray(ctx.parent),
+            isDefined: value !== undefined && value !== null,
+            isValidDataType: errors.length === 0,
+            getFieldPath: () => field,
+            mutate: onMutate,
+            report(message, rule, reportedField, args) {
+                // VineJS plugins pass the FIELD CONTEXT here, not a path. Accepting
+                // only a string let the object through and produced a
+                // `ValidationError.field` that was not a string at runtime.
+                const target = typeof reportedField === "string"
+                    ? reportedField
+                    : (reportedField?.getFieldPath() ?? field);
+                errors.push({
+                    field: target,
+                    rule,
+                    message,
+                    ...(args ? { meta: args } : {}),
+                });
+            },
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Run only the implicit `.use()` rules against an absent value. A rule
+     * declared `{ implicit: true }` exists to police `undefined`/`null`, so the
+     * early return for optional fields must not skip it.
+     */
+    #runImplicitRules(field, value, ctx, pending) {
+        // An implicit ASYNC rule polices an absent value too, so it has to be
+        // queued here as well — filtering `#useRules` alone dropped it silently.
+        if (pending && this.#asyncRules.some((rule) => rule.implicit)) {
+            pending.push({ chain: this, field, value, ctx });
+        }
+        const implicitRules = this.#useRules.filter((rule) => rule.implicit);
+        if (implicitRules.length === 0)
+            return [];
+        const errors = [];
+        const fieldCtx = this.#makeFieldContext(field, value, ctx, errors, () => { });
+        for (const rule of implicitRules) {
+            fieldCtx.isValid = errors.length === 0;
+            rule.run(value, fieldCtx);
+        }
+        return errors;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Register a TYPE rule from outside the chain — used by the `optional()` and
+     * `null()` factories, which are types in their own right.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    pushTypeRule(rule) {
+        this.#pushRule(rule);
+    }
+    /** Re-type this chain in place, without cloning. @internal */
+    retypeTo() {
+        return this.#retype();
+    }
+    /** Add a value rule and remember it as the `message()` target. */
+    #pushRule(rule) {
+        this.#rules.push(rule);
+        this.#lastRule = { kind: "value", ref: rule };
+    }
+    /** Add a cross-field `.use()` rule and remember it as the `message()` target. */
+    #pushUse(rule) {
+        this.#useRules.push(rule);
+        this.#lastRule = { kind: "reporting", ref: rule };
+    }
+    /** Add an async rule and remember it as the `message()` target. */
+    #pushAsync(rule) {
+        this.#asyncRules.push(rule);
+        this.#lastRule = { kind: "reporting", ref: rule };
+    }
+    /** Whether the field is required given the surrounding data (conditionals). */
+    #isRequired(ctx) {
+        if (this.#requiredConditions.length === 0)
+            return true;
+        return this.#requiredConditions.some((cond) => evalRequiredCondition(cond, ctx));
+    }
+    /**
+     * Internal: validate a field value and return errors + transformed value.
+     *
+     * `pending` is the async-rule collector. The traversal itself stays sync (it
+     * is shared with `validate()`); when a collector is supplied, every chain in
+     * the tree that carries async rules and passed its sync rules records itself
+     * for the async path to await. Without it, nested async rules never ran.
+     */
+    _validateWithTransform(field, rawValue, ctx = EMPTY_RUN_CONTEXT, pending) {
+        // 0. Pre-validation parse() transforms run on the raw value first. VineJS
+        //    hands them `(value, { data, parent, meta })` — without the context a
+        //    parser cannot look at a sibling, which is half its purpose.
+        let value = rawValue;
+        const parseCtx = {
+            data: ctx.data,
+            parent: ctx.parent,
+            meta: ctx.meta,
+        };
+        for (const pre of this.#preTransforms) {
+            value = pre(value, parseCtx);
+        }
+        if (value === undefined) {
+            if (this.#isOptional || !this.#isRequired(ctx)) {
+                // Implicit rules are precisely the ones that must see an absent value.
+                return {
+                    errors: this.#runImplicitRules(field, value, ctx, pending),
+                    transformed: value,
+                };
+            }
+            return { errors: [this.#requiredError(field, ctx)], transformed: value };
+        }
+        if (value === null) {
+            // VineJS split, now matched exactly: `nullable()` accepts null AND keeps
+            // it in the output; `optional()` accepts null but DROPS the key. rune
+            // used to keep null in both cases, so an optional field silently added
+            // `key: null` to a payload VineJS would have left without the key.
+            if (this.#isNullable) {
+                return {
+                    errors: this.#runImplicitRules(field, value, ctx, pending),
+                    transformed: value,
+                };
+            }
+            if (this.#isOptional || !this.#isRequired(ctx)) {
+                return {
+                    errors: this.#runImplicitRules(field, value, ctx, pending),
+                    transformed: undefined,
+                };
+            }
+            return { errors: [this.#requiredError(field, ctx)], transformed: value };
+        }
+        // 0b. Coerce before the type rules — a coerced value is the validated value.
+        for (const coerce of this.#coercions) {
+            value = coerce(value);
         }
         // 1. Type rules first on the raw value — bail on type mismatch.
-        const typeError = this.#runTypeRules(field, value);
+        const typeError = this.#runTypeRules(field, value, ctx);
         if (typeError)
             return { errors: [typeError], transformed: value };
         // 2. Apply transforms (trim, etc.), then run value rules on the result.
-        let transformed = this.#applyTransformsTo(value);
-        const errors = this.#runValueRules(field, transformed);
+        let transformed = this.#applyTransformsTo(value, field, ctx);
+        const errors = this.#runValueRules(field, transformed, ctx);
         // 3. Vine-style .use() rules — run with a FieldContext exposing the root
         //    `data` and `parent`, so a rule can validate across fields.
-        if (this.#useRules.length > 0) {
-            this.#runUseRules(field, transformed, ctx, errors);
+        if (this.#useRules.length > 0 && !(this.#bail && errors.length > 0)) {
+            // `.use()` rules may call `field.mutate()`, so the value can change here.
+            transformed = this.#runUseRules(field, transformed, ctx, errors);
+        }
+        // 3b. Date output mapping (VineJS `VineDate.transform`). Deliberately AFTER
+        //     the comparison rules so `after`/`before`/`afterField` always see a
+        //     real `Date`, whatever type the consumer maps it to.
+        if (this.#dateFormats !== null &&
+            dateOutputTransform !== null &&
+            transformed instanceof Date) {
+            transformed = dateOutputTransform(transformed);
         }
         // 4. Nested object validation (only if type check passed — not arrays)
         if (this.#nestedSchema && isPlainObject(transformed)) {
-            const obj = { ...transformed };
+            // Start from the DECLARED keys only. Spreading the input kept every
+            // undeclared key, so the mass-assignment guarantee that holds at the
+            // top level silently stopped holding one level down:
+            // `object({ name })` let an `isAdmin` through. `allowUnknownProperties()`
+            // is the opt-in, as in VineJS.
+            const source = transformed;
+            const obj = this.#allowUnknown
+                ? { ...source }
+                : {};
             transformed = obj;
-            for (const [nestedField, chain] of Object.entries(this.#nestedSchema)) {
-                const nestedResult = chain._validateWithTransform(`${field}.${nestedField}`, obj[nestedField], { data: ctx.data, parent: obj, meta: ctx.meta });
+            // A conditional group contributes its branch's properties for THIS
+            // payload, so the shape is resolved per validation, not at build time.
+            let shape = this.#nestedSchema;
+            for (const grp of this.#groups) {
+                const branch = grp.branches.find((candidate) => candidate.predicate?.(source) === true) ?? grp.branches.find((candidate) => candidate.predicate === null);
+                if (branch)
+                    shape = { ...shape, ...branch.shape };
+            }
+            for (const [nestedField, chain] of Object.entries(shape)) {
+                const nestedResult = chain._validateWithTransform(`${field}.${nestedField}`, source[nestedField], { ...ctx, parent: source }, pending);
                 errors.push(...nestedResult.errors);
                 if (nestedResult.transformed !== undefined) {
-                    obj[nestedField] = nestedResult.transformed;
+                    obj[this.#camelCaseKeys ? toCamelCaseKey(nestedField) : nestedField] =
+                        nestedResult.transformed;
+                }
+            }
+            if (this.#camelCaseKeys && this.#allowUnknown) {
+                // Undeclared keys are camelCased too, otherwise the output would mix
+                // both spellings depending on whether a key was declared.
+                for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(source)) {
+                    const camel = toCamelCaseKey(key);
+                    if (!(camel in obj))
+                        obj[camel] = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // 4b. Record values — same shape as the nested-object walk, arbitrary keys.
+        if (this.#recordValueChain && isPlainObject(transformed)) {
+            const obj = { ...transformed };
+            transformed = obj;
+            for (const key of Object.keys(obj)) {
+                const res = this.#recordValueChain._validateWithTransform(`${field}.${key}`, obj[key], { ...ctx, parent: obj }, pending);
+                errors.push(...res.errors);
+                if (res.transformed !== undefined)
+                    obj[key] = res.transformed;
+            }
+        }
+        // 4c. Tuple positions — length was already enforced by the `tuple` rule.
+        if (this.#tupleChains && Array.isArray(transformed)) {
+            const arr = [...transformed];
+            transformed = arr;
+            this.#tupleChains.forEach((chain, i) => {
+                const res = chain._validateWithTransform(`${field}.${i}`, arr[i], { ...ctx, parent: arr }, pending);
+                for (const e of res.errors)
+                    if (e.index === undefined)
+                        e.index = i;
+                errors.push(...res.errors);
+                if (res.transformed !== undefined)
+                    arr[i] = res.transformed;
+            });
+        }
+        // 4d. Union — first branch that validates wins; its transform is kept.
+        if (this.#unionChains) {
+            let matched = false;
+            // A guarded branch (union.if) is SELECTED by its predicate, and its own
+            // errors are reported — that is the diagnosable half of VineJS's union.
+            const guarded = this.#unionChains.filter((b) => b.predicate !== null);
+            if (guarded.length > 0) {
+                const probe = this.#makeFieldContext(field, transformed, ctx, [], () => { });
+                const chosen = guarded.find((b) => b.predicate?.(transformed, probe)) ??
+                    this.#unionChains.find((b) => b.predicate === null);
+                if (chosen) {
+                    const res = chosen.chain._validateWithTransform(field, transformed, ctx, pending);
+                    transformed = res.transformed;
+                    errors.push(...res.errors);
+                    matched = true;
+                }
+            }
+            for (const branch of matched ? [] : this.#unionChains) {
+                // Each branch collects into its OWN buffer: a losing branch must not
+                // leave async work queued, and the winning one must not lose it —
+                // without this, a `unique()` inside the matching branch was never
+                // awaited, which reads exactly like a check that passed.
+                const branchPending = [];
+                const res = branch.chain._validateWithTransform(field, transformed, ctx, pending ? branchPending : undefined);
+                if (res.errors.length === 0) {
+                    transformed = res.transformed;
+                    matched = true;
+                    if (pending)
+                        pending.push(...branchPending);
+                    break;
                 }
             }
+            if (!matched) {
+                errors.push({
+                    field,
+                    rule: "union",
+                    message: resolveRuleMessage(field, {
+                        name: "union",
+                        validate: () => false,
+                        message: "Does not match any allowed shape",
+                    }, ctx),
+                });
+            }
         }
         // 5. Array item validation
         if (this.#arrayItemChain && Array.isArray(transformed)) {
             const arr = [...transformed];
             transformed = arr;
             for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-                const itemResult = this.#arrayItemChain._validateWithTransform(`${field}.${i}`, arr[i], { data: ctx.data, parent: arr, meta: ctx.meta });
+                const itemResult = this.#arrayItemChain._validateWithTransform(`${field}.${i}`, arr[i], { ...ctx, parent: arr }, pending);
+                for (const e of itemResult.errors) {
+                    if (e.index === undefined)
+                        e.index = i;
+                }
                 errors.push(...itemResult.errors);
                 if (itemResult.transformed !== undefined) {
                     arr[i] = itemResult.transformed;
                 }
             }
         }
+        // 6. Record this chain's async rules for the async path to await. Mirrors
+        //    Lucid skipping a DB rule on an already-invalid or absent field: only a
+        //    clean, present value is worth a round-trip.
+        if (pending &&
+            this.#asyncRules.length > 0 &&
+            errors.length === 0 &&
+            transformed !== undefined &&
+            transformed !== null) {
+            pending.push({ chain: this, field, value: transformed, ctx });
+        }
         return { errors, transformed };
     }
     /** Run `.use()` rules on the transformed value with a fresh FieldContext. */
     #runUseRules(field, transformed, ctx, errors) {
-        const fieldCtx = {
-            value: transformed,
-            data: ctx.data,
-            parent: ctx.parent,
-            field,
-            meta: ctx.meta,
-            isValid: errors.length === 0,
-            report(message, rule) {
-                errors.push({ field, rule, message });
-            },
-        };
+        // Set per iteration so `report` can substitute the `.message()` override of
+        // the rule currently running — these rules carry their text inside `run`.
+        let override;
+        let current = transformed;
+        const fieldCtx = this.#makeFieldContext(field, transformed, ctx, errors, (next) => {
+            current = next;
+            fieldCtx.value = next;
+        });
+        const report = fieldCtx.report.bind(fieldCtx);
+        fieldCtx.report = (message, rule, reportedField, args) => report(override ?? message, rule, reportedField, args);
         for (const rule of this.#useRules) {
-            // Refresh isValid so a rule can early-return once the field has failed.
+            // A non-implicit rule is skipped on an absent value (VineJS semantics);
+            // `implicit: true` is what lets a custom rule police undefined/null.
+            if (!rule.implicit && (current === undefined || current === null))
+                continue;
+            fieldCtx.isValid = errors.length === 0;
+            fieldCtx.isDefined = current !== undefined && current !== null;
+            override = this.#ruleMessages.get(rule);
+            rule.run(current, fieldCtx);
+        }
+        return current;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Run this chain's async rules on the (already sync-validated) value, awaiting
+     * each in order. Returns the errors they reported. Used by `validateResultAsync`.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    async _runAsyncRules(field, transformed, ctx) {
+        const errors = [];
+        let override;
+        let current = transformed;
+        const fieldCtx = this.#makeFieldContext(field, transformed, ctx, errors, (next) => {
+            current = next;
+            fieldCtx.value = next;
+        });
+        const report = fieldCtx.report.bind(fieldCtx);
+        fieldCtx.report = (message, rule, reportedField, args) => report(override ?? message, rule, reportedField, args);
+        for (const rule of this.#asyncRules) {
+            if (!rule.implicit && (current === undefined || current === null))
+                continue;
             fieldCtx.isValid = errors.length === 0;
-            rule.run(transformed, fieldCtx);
+            fieldCtx.isDefined = current !== undefined && current !== null;
+            override = this.#ruleMessages.get(rule);
+            await rule.run(current, fieldCtx);
         }
+        return errors;
     }
-    #requiredError(field) {
+    #requiredError(field, ctx) {
         return {
             field,
             rule: "required",
-            message: resolveValidationMessage("validation.required", `${field} is required`, { field }),
+            message: resolveRequiredMessage(field, ctx),
         };
     }
     /** Run the type rules (string/number/…) on the raw value; first failure bails. */
-    #runTypeRules(field, value) {
+    #runTypeRules(field, value, ctx) {
         for (const rule of this.#rules) {
             if (TYPE_RULE_NAMES.has(rule.name) && !rule.validate(value)) {
                 return {
                     field,
                     rule: rule.name,
-                    message: resolveRuleMessage(field, rule),
+                    message: resolveRuleMessage(field, rule, ctx),
+                    ...(ruleArgs(rule) ? { meta: ruleArgs(rule) } : {}),
                 };
             }
         }
         return null;
     }
     /** Run the non-type rules (min/max/email/…) on the transformed value. */
-    #runValueRules(field, transformed) {
+    #runValueRules(field, transformed, ctx) {
         const errors = [];
         for (const rule of this.#rules) {
-            if (!TYPE_RULE_NAMES.has(rule.name) && !rule.validate(transformed)) {
+            if (TYPE_RULE_NAMES.has(rule.name))
+                continue;
+            if (this.#bail && errors.length > 0)
+                break;
+            if (!rule.validate(transformed)) {
                 errors.push({
                     field,
                     rule: rule.name,
-                    message: resolveRuleMessage(field, rule),
+                    message: resolveRuleMessage(field, rule, ctx),
+                    ...(ruleArgs(rule) ? { meta: ruleArgs(rule) } : {}),
                 });
             }
         }
@@ -434,42 +2881,217 @@ export class RuleChain {
     }
     /** Internal: apply transforms. */
     _transform(value) {
-        return this.#applyTransformsTo(value);
+        return this.#applyTransformsTo(value, "", EMPTY_RUN_CONTEXT);
     }
-    #applyTransformsTo(value) {
+    #applyTransformsTo(value, field, ctx) {
         let result = value;
         for (const transform of this.#transforms) {
-            result = transform.fn(result);
+            LAST_FIELD.value = result;
+            LAST_FIELD.data = ctx.data;
+            LAST_FIELD.parent = ctx.parent;
+            LAST_FIELD.field = field;
+            LAST_FIELD.meta = ctx.meta;
+            result = transform.fn(result, LAST_FIELD);
         }
         return result;
     }
 }
+_a = RuleChain;
+/**
+ * Scratch FieldContext reused for `.transform()` callbacks — transforms run
+ * inline in {@link RuleChain.#applyTransformsTo}, which repopulates it before
+ * each call. A shared object avoids per-transform allocation; it is never
+ * retained across calls.
+ */
+const LAST_FIELD = {
+    value: undefined,
+    data: {},
+    parent: {},
+    field: "",
+    meta: {},
+    isValid: true,
+    name: "",
+    wildCardPath: "",
+    isArrayMember: false,
+    isDefined: false,
+    isValidDataType: true,
+    getFieldPath: () => "",
+    mutate: () => { },
+    report() { },
+};
+/** Coerce a value to a comparable primitive for `in`/`enum` membership. */
+function asPrimitive(value) {
+    if (typeof value === "string" ||
+        typeof value === "number" ||
+        typeof value === "boolean") {
+        return value;
+    }
+    // Non-primitive values can never be a member of a primitive set; return a
+    // sentinel that no allowed entry equals.
+    return Symbol.iterator.toString();
+}
+/** Code-point length for a string, element count for an array, else -1. */
+function sizedLength(value) {
+    if (typeof value === "string")
+        return [...value].length;
+    if (Array.isArray(value))
+        return value.length;
+    return -1;
+}
+/** WHATWG URL validity — accepts only http/https to avoid `mailto:` etc. */
+function isValidUrl(value) {
+    try {
+        const url = new URL(value);
+        return url.protocol === "http:" || url.protocol === "https:";
+    }
+    catch {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+/** Read a sibling field's value from the immediate parent (object only). */
+function readSibling(field, name) {
+    const parent = field.parent;
+    if (Array.isArray(parent))
+        return undefined;
+    return parent[name];
+}
+/** Evaluate whether a `requiredWhen`-family condition makes the field required. */
+function evalRequiredCondition(cond, ctx) {
+    const other = isPlainObject(ctx.parent)
+        ? ctx.parent[cond.otherField]
+        : ctx.data[cond.otherField];
+    const present = other !== undefined && other !== null;
+    if (cond.kind === "exists")
+        return present;
+    if (cond.kind === "missing")
+        return !present;
+    switch (cond.operator) {
+        case "=":
+            return other === cond.value;
+        case "!=":
+            return other !== cond.value;
+        case ">":
+            return typeof other === "number" && typeof cond.value === "number"
+                ? other > cond.value
+                : false;
+        case "<":
+            return typeof other === "number" && typeof cond.value === "number"
+                ? other < cond.value
+                : false;
+        case ">=":
+            return typeof other === "number" && typeof cond.value === "number"
+                ? other >= cond.value
+                : false;
+        case "<=":
+            return typeof other === "number" && typeof cond.value === "number"
+                ? other <= cond.value
+                : false;
+        case "in":
+            return Array.isArray(cond.value) && cond.value.includes(other);
+        case "notIn":
+            return Array.isArray(cond.value) && !cond.value.includes(other);
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+export function compile(input) {
+    // A rune schema is already compiled, so this is identity for that form; the
+    // `RuleChain` form exists because `vine.compile(vine.object({…}))` is the
+    // shape Adonis documents.
+    return input instanceof RuleChain ? schema(toFieldMap(input), input) : input;
+}
 /** Entry point for building rules. */
 export const rules = {
     string: () => new RuleChain().string(),
-    number: () => new RuleChain().number(),
-    boolean: () => new RuleChain().boolean(),
+    number: (options) => new RuleChain().number(options),
+    boolean: (options) => new RuleChain().boolean(options),
     any: () => new RuleChain(),
+    date: (options) => new RuleChain().date(options),
+    accepted: () => new RuleChain().accepted(),
+    file: (options) => new RuleChain().file(options),
+    nativeFile: (options) => new RuleChain().nativeFile(options),
+    record: (valueChain) => new RuleChain().record(valueChain),
+    tuple: (items) => new RuleChain().tuple(items),
+    union: Object.assign((chains) => new RuleChain().union(chains), 
+    // `otherwise` is VineJS's spelling of the fallback branch; `else` stays
+    // because it reads better in some call styles.
+    { if: unionIf, else: unionElse, otherwise: unionElse }),
+    /**
+     * Union discriminated by the value's TYPE (VineJS `unionOfTypes`): the first
+     * branch whose own type rule accepts the value wins.
+     */
+    /**
+     * Make every property of a shape optional (VineJS `vine.helpers.optional`).
+     * A properties TRANSFORMER, like `pick`/`omit` — it returns a record to
+     * spread, not a schema.
+     */
+    /**
+     * A field that must be ABSENT (VineJS `vine.optional()` → `VineOptional`,
+     * `builder.d.ts:135`). Mostly a `unionOfTypes` branch. Distinct from
+     * `.optional()` on a chain, which relaxes an existing type — this one IS the
+     * type. The properties transformer that used to squat this name moved to
+     * `helpers.optional`, where VineJS keeps it.
+     */
+    optional: () => {
+        const chain = new RuleChain();
+        chain.pushTypeRule({
+            name: "optionalType",
+            validate: (v) => v === undefined,
+            message: "Must not be provided",
+        });
+        return chain.optional().retypeTo();
+    },
+    /** A field that must be `null` (VineJS `vine.null()` → `VineNull`). */
+    null: () => {
+        const chain = new RuleChain();
+        chain.pushTypeRule({
+            name: "nullType",
+            validate: (v) => v === null,
+            message: "Must be null",
+        });
+        return chain.nullable().retypeTo();
+    },
+    unionOfTypes: (chains) => {
+        // VineJS requires DISTINCT types: two branches claiming the same type make
+        // the discrimination meaningless, and the second would be dead code.
+        const seen = new Set();
+        for (const chain of chains) {
+            const typeRule = chain.rules.find((rule) => TYPE_RULE_NAMES.has(rule.name));
+            const name = typeRule?.name;
+            if (name === undefined) {
+                throw new RuneError("NO_TYPE_RULE", "unionOfTypes() needs every branch to declare a type (string/number/…).", { hint: "Use union([...]) for predicate-based branches." });
+            }
+            if (seen.has(name)) {
+                throw new RuneError("DUPLICATE_UNION_TYPE", `unionOfTypes() got two '${name}' branches — the second can never be reached.`, { hint: "Give each branch a distinct type, or use union([...])." });
+            }
+            seen.add(name);
+        }
+        return new RuleChain().union(chains.map((chain) => {
+            const typeRule = chain.rules.find((rule) => TYPE_RULE_NAMES.has(rule.name));
+            return unionIf((value) => typeRule?.validate(value) === true, chain);
+        }));
+    },
+    object: (shape) => new RuleChain().object(shape),
+    array: (item) => new RuleChain().array(item),
+    enum: (values) => new RuleChain().enum(values),
+    literal: (value) => new RuleChain().literal(value),
 };
 /** Serialize schema + data and validate via Rust NAPI. */
 function validateWithRust(fields, data) {
     const schemaDesc = {};
     for (const [field, chain] of Object.entries(fields)) {
-        const rules = chain.rules.map((r) => ({
+        const ruleDescs = chain.rules.map((r) => ({
             name: r.name,
-            // Serialize THIS rule's own param. Previously a find-first lookup by
-            // rule name returned the first matching rule's param, so min(3).min(5)
-            // sent both Rust entries as min=3, dropping the 5 bound (audit 2026-06-13).
-            params: r.name === "min"
-                ? { min: r.param }
-                : r.name === "max"
-                    ? { max: r.param }
-                    : null,
+            // Serialize THIS rule's own args (per-rule, so min(3).min(5) keeps both
+            // bounds — a find-first lookup previously collapsed them).
+            params: r.args ?? null,
         }));
         schemaDesc[field] = {
-            rules,
+            rules: ruleDescs,
             optional: chain.isOptionalField,
             transforms: chain.transforms.map((t) => t.name),
+            // Sent explicitly so the Rust engine and the TS path agree on bail.
+            bail: chain.bails,
         };
     }
     const request = JSON.stringify({ schema: schemaDesc, data });