@bytecodealliance/preview2-shim 0.17.2 → 0.17.3

package/lib/io/worker-thread.js

@@ -1,160 +1,161 @@
-import { createReadStream, createWriteStream } from "node:fs";
-import { hrtime, stderr, stdout } from "node:process";
-import { PassThrough } from "node:stream";
-import { format } from "node:util";
-import { runAsWorker } from "../synckit/index.js";
+import { createReadStream, createWriteStream } from 'node:fs';
+import { hrtime, stderr, stdout } from 'node:process';
+import { PassThrough } from 'node:stream';
+import { runAsWorker } from '../synckit/index.js';
 import {
-  clearOutgoingResponse,
-  createHttpRequest,
-  setOutgoingResponse,
-  startHttpServer,
-  stopHttpServer,
-} from "./worker-http.js";
-import { Readable } from "node:stream";
-import { read } from "node:fs";
-import { nextTick } from "node:process";
+    clearOutgoingResponse,
+    createHttpRequest,
+    setOutgoingResponse,
+    startHttpServer,
+    stopHttpServer,
+} from './worker-http.js';
+import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+import { read } from 'node:fs';
+import { nextTick } from 'node:process';
 import {
-  CALL_MASK,
-  CALL_TYPE_MASK,
-  CLOCKS_DURATION_SUBSCRIBE,
-  CLOCKS_INSTANT_SUBSCRIBE,
-  FILE,
-  FUTURE_DISPOSE,
-  FUTURE_SUBSCRIBE,
-  FUTURE_TAKE_VALUE,
-  HTTP,
-  HTTP_CREATE_REQUEST,
-  HTTP_OUTGOING_BODY_DISPOSE,
-  HTTP_OUTPUT_STREAM_FINISH,
-  HTTP_SERVER_CLEAR_OUTGOING_RESPONSE,
-  HTTP_SERVER_SET_OUTGOING_RESPONSE,
-  HTTP_SERVER_START,
-  HTTP_SERVER_STOP,
-  INPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_READ,
-  INPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_SKIP,
-  INPUT_STREAM_CREATE,
-  INPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE,
-  INPUT_STREAM_READ,
-  INPUT_STREAM_SKIP,
-  INPUT_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_FLUSH,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_SPLICE,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_AND_FLUSH,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_ZEROES_AND_FLUSH,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_CHECK_WRITE,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_CREATE,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_FLUSH,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_SPLICE,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE,
-  OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE_ZEROES,
-  POLL_POLLABLE_BLOCK,
-  POLL_POLLABLE_DISPOSE,
-  POLL_POLLABLE_READY,
-  POLL_POLL_LIST,
-  SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_CREATE_REQUEST,
-  SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_SUBSCRIBE_REQUEST,
-  SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_DISPOSE_REQUEST,
-  SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_TAKE_REQUEST,
-  SOCKET_GET_DEFAULT_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE,
-  SOCKET_GET_DEFAULT_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE,
-  SOCKET_TCP_ACCEPT,
-  SOCKET_TCP_BIND_FINISH,
-  SOCKET_TCP_BIND_START,
-  SOCKET_TCP_CONNECT_FINISH,
-  SOCKET_TCP_CONNECT_START,
-  SOCKET_TCP_CREATE_HANDLE,
-  SOCKET_TCP_DISPOSE,
-  SOCKET_TCP_GET_LOCAL_ADDRESS,
-  SOCKET_TCP_GET_REMOTE_ADDRESS,
-  SOCKET_TCP_IS_LISTENING,
-  SOCKET_TCP_LISTEN_FINISH,
-  SOCKET_TCP_LISTEN_START,
-  SOCKET_TCP_SET_KEEP_ALIVE,
-  SOCKET_TCP_SET_LISTEN_BACKLOG_SIZE,
-  SOCKET_TCP_SHUTDOWN,
-  SOCKET_TCP_SUBSCRIBE,
-  SOCKET_UDP_BIND_FINISH,
-  SOCKET_UDP_BIND_START,
-  SOCKET_UDP_CREATE_HANDLE,
-  SOCKET_UDP_DISPOSE,
-  SOCKET_UDP_GET_LOCAL_ADDRESS,
-  SOCKET_UDP_GET_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE,
-  SOCKET_UDP_GET_REMOTE_ADDRESS,
-  SOCKET_UDP_GET_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE,
-  SOCKET_UDP_GET_UNICAST_HOP_LIMIT,
-  SOCKET_UDP_SET_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE,
-  SOCKET_UDP_SET_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE,
-  SOCKET_UDP_SET_UNICAST_HOP_LIMIT,
-  SOCKET_UDP_STREAM,
-  SOCKET_UDP_SUBSCRIBE,
-  SOCKET_INCOMING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_RECEIVE,
-  SOCKET_OUTGOING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_CHECK_SEND,
-  SOCKET_OUTGOING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_SEND,
-  SOCKET_DATAGRAM_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE,
-  SOCKET_DATAGRAM_STREAM_DISPOSE,
-  STDERR,
-  STDIN,
-  STDOUT,
-  reverseMap,
-} from "./calls.js";
+    CALL_MASK,
+    CALL_TYPE_MASK,
+    CLOCKS_DURATION_SUBSCRIBE,
+    CLOCKS_INSTANT_SUBSCRIBE,
+    FILE,
+    FUTURE_DISPOSE,
+    FUTURE_SUBSCRIBE,
+    FUTURE_TAKE_VALUE,
+    HTTP,
+    HTTP_CREATE_REQUEST,
+    HTTP_OUTGOING_BODY_DISPOSE,
+    HTTP_OUTPUT_STREAM_FINISH,
+    HTTP_SERVER_CLEAR_OUTGOING_RESPONSE,
+    HTTP_SERVER_SET_OUTGOING_RESPONSE,
+    HTTP_SERVER_START,
+    HTTP_SERVER_STOP,
+    INPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_READ,
+    INPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_SKIP,
+    INPUT_STREAM_CREATE,
+    INPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE,
+    INPUT_STREAM_READ,
+    INPUT_STREAM_SKIP,
+    INPUT_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_FLUSH,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_SPLICE,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_AND_FLUSH,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_ZEROES_AND_FLUSH,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_CHECK_WRITE,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_CREATE,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_FLUSH,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_SPLICE,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE,
+    OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE_ZEROES,
+    POLL_POLLABLE_BLOCK,
+    POLL_POLLABLE_DISPOSE,
+    POLL_POLLABLE_READY,
+    POLL_POLL_LIST,
+    SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_CREATE_REQUEST,
+    SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_SUBSCRIBE_REQUEST,
+    SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_DISPOSE_REQUEST,
+    SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_TAKE_REQUEST,
+    SOCKET_GET_DEFAULT_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    SOCKET_GET_DEFAULT_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    SOCKET_TCP_ACCEPT,
+    SOCKET_TCP_BIND_FINISH,
+    SOCKET_TCP_BIND_START,
+    SOCKET_TCP_CONNECT_FINISH,
+    SOCKET_TCP_CONNECT_START,
+    SOCKET_TCP_CREATE_HANDLE,
+    SOCKET_TCP_DISPOSE,
+    SOCKET_TCP_GET_LOCAL_ADDRESS,
+    SOCKET_TCP_GET_REMOTE_ADDRESS,
+    SOCKET_TCP_IS_LISTENING,
+    SOCKET_TCP_LISTEN_FINISH,
+    SOCKET_TCP_LISTEN_START,
+    SOCKET_TCP_SET_KEEP_ALIVE,
+    SOCKET_TCP_SET_LISTEN_BACKLOG_SIZE,
+    SOCKET_TCP_SHUTDOWN,
+    SOCKET_TCP_SUBSCRIBE,
+    SOCKET_UDP_BIND_FINISH,
+    SOCKET_UDP_BIND_START,
+    SOCKET_UDP_CREATE_HANDLE,
+    SOCKET_UDP_DISPOSE,
+    SOCKET_UDP_GET_LOCAL_ADDRESS,
+    SOCKET_UDP_GET_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    SOCKET_UDP_GET_REMOTE_ADDRESS,
+    SOCKET_UDP_GET_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    SOCKET_UDP_GET_UNICAST_HOP_LIMIT,
+    SOCKET_UDP_SET_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    SOCKET_UDP_SET_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    SOCKET_UDP_SET_UNICAST_HOP_LIMIT,
+    SOCKET_UDP_STREAM,
+    SOCKET_UDP_SUBSCRIBE,
+    SOCKET_INCOMING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_RECEIVE,
+    SOCKET_OUTGOING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_CHECK_SEND,
+    SOCKET_OUTGOING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_SEND,
+    SOCKET_DATAGRAM_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE,
+    SOCKET_DATAGRAM_STREAM_DISPOSE,
+    STDERR,
+    STDIN,
+    STDOUT,
+    reverseMap,
+} from './calls.js';
 import {
-  SOCKET_STATE_BIND,
-  SOCKET_STATE_BOUND,
-  SOCKET_STATE_CONNECT,
-  SOCKET_STATE_CONNECTION,
-  SOCKET_STATE_LISTEN,
-  SOCKET_STATE_LISTENER,
-  socketResolveAddress,
-  getDefaultSendBufferSize,
-  getDefaultReceiveBufferSize,
-} from "./worker-sockets.js";
+    SOCKET_STATE_BIND,
+    SOCKET_STATE_BOUND,
+    SOCKET_STATE_CONNECT,
+    SOCKET_STATE_CONNECTION,
+    SOCKET_STATE_LISTEN,
+    SOCKET_STATE_LISTENER,
+    socketResolveAddress,
+    getDefaultSendBufferSize,
+    getDefaultReceiveBufferSize,
+} from './worker-sockets.js';
 import {
-  createTcpSocket,
-  socketTcpAccept,
-  socketTcpBindStart,
-  socketTcpConnectStart,
-  socketTcpDispose,
-  socketTcpFinish,
-  socketTcpGetLocalAddress,
-  socketTcpGetRemoteAddress,
-  socketTcpListenStart,
-  socketTcpSetKeepAlive,
-  socketTcpSetListenBacklogSize,
-  socketTcpShutdown,
-  tcpSockets,
-} from "./worker-socket-tcp.js";
+    createTcpSocket,
+    socketTcpAccept,
+    socketTcpBindStart,
+    socketTcpConnectStart,
+    socketTcpDispose,
+    socketTcpFinish,
+    socketTcpGetLocalAddress,
+    socketTcpGetRemoteAddress,
+    socketTcpListenStart,
+    socketTcpSetKeepAlive,
+    socketTcpSetListenBacklogSize,
+    socketTcpShutdown,
+    tcpSockets,
+} from './worker-socket-tcp.js';
 import {
-  createUdpSocket,
-  datagramStreams,
-  socketDatagramStreamDispose,
-  socketIncomingDatagramStreamReceive,
-  socketOutgoingDatagramStreamCheckSend,
-  socketOutgoingDatagramStreamSend,
-  socketUdpBindFinish,
-  socketUdpBindStart,
-  socketUdpDispose,
-  socketUdpGetLocalAddress,
-  socketUdpGetReceiveBufferSize,
-  socketUdpGetRemoteAddress,
-  socketUdpGetSendBufferSize,
-  socketUdpGetUnicastHopLimit,
-  socketUdpSetReceiveBufferSize,
-  socketUdpSetSendBufferSize,
-  socketUdpSetUnicastHopLimit,
-  socketUdpStream,
-  udpSockets,
-} from "./worker-socket-udp.js";
-import process from "node:process";
-
-function log(msg) {
-  if (debug) process._rawDebug(msg);
+    createUdpSocket,
+    datagramStreams,
+    socketDatagramStreamDispose,
+    socketIncomingDatagramStreamReceive,
+    socketOutgoingDatagramStreamCheckSend,
+    socketOutgoingDatagramStreamSend,
+    socketUdpBindFinish,
+    socketUdpBindStart,
+    socketUdpDispose,
+    socketUdpGetLocalAddress,
+    socketUdpGetReceiveBufferSize,
+    socketUdpGetRemoteAddress,
+    socketUdpGetSendBufferSize,
+    socketUdpGetUnicastHopLimit,
+    socketUdpSetReceiveBufferSize,
+    socketUdpSetSendBufferSize,
+    socketUdpSetUnicastHopLimit,
+    socketUdpStream,
+    udpSockets,
+} from './worker-socket-udp.js';
+import process from 'node:process';
+
+export function log(msg) {
+    if (debug) {
+        process._rawDebug(msg);
+    }
 }
 
 let pollCnt = 0,
-  streamCnt = 0,
-  futureCnt = 0;
+    streamCnt = 0,
+    futureCnt = 0;
 
 /**
  * @typedef {{
@@ -189,68 +190,68 @@ export const streams = new Map();
 export const futures = new Map();
 
 export function createReadableStreamPollState(nodeStream) {
-  const pollState = {
-    ready: true,
-    listener: null,
-    polls: [],
-    parentStream: nodeStream,
-  };
-  function pollDone() {
-    pollStateReady(pollState);
-    nodeStream.off("end", pollDone);
-    nodeStream.off("close", pollDone);
-    nodeStream.off("error", pollDone);
-  }
-  nodeStream.on("end", pollDone);
-  nodeStream.on("close", pollDone);
-  nodeStream.on("error", pollDone);
-  return pollState;
+    const pollState = {
+        ready: true,
+        listener: null,
+        polls: [],
+        parentStream: nodeStream,
+    };
+    function pollDone() {
+        pollStateReady(pollState);
+        nodeStream.off('end', pollDone);
+        nodeStream.off('close', pollDone);
+        nodeStream.off('error', pollDone);
+    }
+    nodeStream.on('end', pollDone);
+    nodeStream.on('close', pollDone);
+    nodeStream.on('error', pollDone);
+    return pollState;
 }
 
 /**
  * @param {NodeJS.ReadableStream | NodeJS.WritableStream} stream
  */
 export function createReadableStream(
-  nodeStream,
-  pollState = createReadableStreamPollState(nodeStream)
+    nodeStream,
+    pollState = createReadableStreamPollState(nodeStream)
 ) {
-  const stream = {
-    stream: nodeStream,
-    flushPromise: null,
-    pollState,
-  };
-  streams.set(++streamCnt, stream);
-  return streamCnt;
+    const stream = {
+        stream: nodeStream,
+        flushPromise: null,
+        pollState,
+    };
+    streams.set(++streamCnt, stream);
+    return streamCnt;
 }
 
 export function createWritableStream(nodeStream) {
-  const pollState = {
-    ready: true,
-    listener: null,
-    polls: [],
-    parentStream: null,
-  };
-  const stream = {
-    stream: nodeStream,
-    flushPromise: null,
-    pollState,
-  };
-  streams.set(++streamCnt, stream);
-  function pollReady() {
-    pollStateReady(pollState);
-  }
-  function pollDone() {
-    pollStateReady(pollState);
-    nodeStream.off("drain", pollReady);
-    nodeStream.off("finish", pollDone);
-    nodeStream.off("error", pollDone);
-    nodeStream.off("close", pollDone);
-  }
-  nodeStream.on("drain", pollReady);
-  nodeStream.on("finish", pollDone);
-  nodeStream.on("error", pollDone);
-  nodeStream.on("close", pollDone);
-  return streamCnt;
+    const pollState = {
+        ready: true,
+        listener: null,
+        polls: [],
+        parentStream: null,
+    };
+    const stream = {
+        stream: nodeStream,
+        flushPromise: null,
+        pollState,
+    };
+    streams.set(++streamCnt, stream);
+    function pollReady() {
+        pollStateReady(pollState);
+    }
+    function pollDone() {
+        pollStateReady(pollState);
+        nodeStream.off('drain', pollReady);
+        nodeStream.off('finish', pollDone);
+        nodeStream.off('error', pollDone);
+        nodeStream.off('close', pollDone);
+    }
+    nodeStream.on('drain', pollReady);
+    nodeStream.on('finish', pollDone);
+    nodeStream.on('error', pollDone);
+    nodeStream.on('close', pollDone);
+    return streamCnt;
 }
 
 // Stdio
@@ -263,10 +264,10 @@ createWritableStream(stderr);
  * @param {NodeJS.ReadableStream | NodeJS.WritableStream} stream
  */
 function streamError(err) {
-  return {
-    tag: "last-operation-failed",
-    val: { code: err.code, message: err.message, stack: err.stack },
-  };
+    return {
+        tag: 'last-operation-failed',
+        val: { code: err.code, message: err.message, stack: err.stack },
+    };
 }
 
 /**
@@ -274,15 +275,21 @@ function streamError(err) {
  * @returns {{ stream: NodeJS.ReadableStream | NodeJS.WritableStream, polls: number[] }}
  */
 export function getStreamOrThrow(streamId) {
-  if (!streamId) throw new Error("wasi-io trap: no stream id provided");
-  const stream = streams.get(streamId);
-  // not in unfinished streams <=> closed
-  if (!stream) throw { tag: "closed" };
-  if (stream.stream.errored) throw streamError(stream.stream.errored);
-  if (stream.stream.closed) {
-    throw { tag: "closed" };
-  }
-  return stream;
+    if (!streamId) {
+        throw new Error('wasi-io trap: no stream id provided');
+    }
+    const stream = streams.get(streamId);
+    // not in unfinished streams <=> closed
+    if (!stream) {
+        throw { tag: 'closed' };
+    }
+    if (stream.stream.errored) {
+        throw streamError(stream.stream.errored);
+    }
+    if (stream.stream.closed) {
+        throw { tag: 'closed' };
+    }
+    return stream;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -292,604 +299,675 @@ export function getStreamOrThrow(streamId) {
  * @returns {Promise<any>}
  */
 function handle(call, id, payload) {
-  if (uncaughtException) throw uncaughtException;
-  switch (call) {
-    // Http
-    case HTTP_CREATE_REQUEST: {
-      const {
-        method,
-        scheme,
-        authority,
-        pathWithQuery,
-        headers,
-        body,
-        connectTimeout,
-        betweenBytesTimeout,
-        firstByteTimeout,
-      } = payload;
-      return createFuture(
-        createHttpRequest(
-          method,
-          scheme,
-          authority,
-          pathWithQuery,
-          headers,
-          body,
-          connectTimeout,
-          betweenBytesTimeout,
-          firstByteTimeout
-        )
-      );
-    }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_CREATE | HTTP: {
-      const stream = new PassThrough();
-      // content length is passed as payload
-      stream.contentLength = payload;
-      stream.bytesRemaining = payload;
-      return createWritableStream(stream);
+    if (uncaughtException) {
+        throw uncaughtException;
     }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE | HTTP:
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_FLUSH | HTTP:
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_AND_FLUSH | HTTP: {
-      // http flush is a noop
-      const { stream } = getStreamOrThrow(id);
-      if (call === (OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_AND_FLUSH | HTTP)) {
-        stream.bytesRemaining -= payload.byteLength;
-        if (stream.bytesRemaining < 0) {
-          throw {
-            tag: "last-operation-failed",
-            val: {
-              tag: "HTTP-request-body-size",
-              val: stream.contentLength - stream.bytesRemaining,
-            },
-          };
+    switch (call) {
+        // Http
+        case HTTP_CREATE_REQUEST: {
+            const {
+                method,
+                scheme,
+                authority,
+                pathWithQuery,
+                headers,
+                body,
+                connectTimeout,
+                betweenBytesTimeout,
+                firstByteTimeout,
+            } = payload;
+            return createFuture(
+                createHttpRequest(
+                    method,
+                    scheme,
+                    authority,
+                    pathWithQuery,
+                    headers,
+                    body,
+                    connectTimeout,
+                    betweenBytesTimeout,
+                    firstByteTimeout
+                )
+            );
         }
-      }
-      // otherwise fall through to generic implementation
-      return handle(call & ~HTTP, id, payload);
-    }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE | HTTP: {
-      const { stream } = getStreamOrThrow(id);
-      stream.bytesRemaining -= payload.byteLength;
-      if (stream.bytesRemaining < 0) {
-        throw {
-          tag: "last-operation-failed",
-          val: {
-            tag: "HTTP-request-body-size",
-            val: stream.contentLength - stream.bytesRemaining,
-          },
-        };
-      }
-      const output = handle(OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE, id, payload);
-      return output;
-    }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE | HTTP:
-      throw new Error(
-        "wasi-io trap: Output stream dispose not implemented as an IO-call for HTTP"
-      );
-    case HTTP_OUTPUT_STREAM_FINISH: {
-      let stream;
-      try {
-        ({ stream } = getStreamOrThrow(id));
-      } catch (e) {
-        if (e.tag === "closed")
-          throw { tag: "internal-error", val: "stream closed" };
-        if (e.tag === "last-operation-failed")
-          throw { tag: "internal-error", val: e.val.message };
-      }
-      if (stream.bytesRemaining > 0) {
-        throw {
-          tag: "HTTP-request-body-size",
-          val: stream.contentLength - stream.bytesRemaining,
-        };
-      }
-      if (stream.bytesRemaining < 0) {
-        throw {
-          tag: "HTTP-request-body-size",
-          val: stream.contentLength - stream.bytesRemaining,
-        };
-      }
-      stream.end();
-      return;
-    }
-    case HTTP_OUTGOING_BODY_DISPOSE:
-      if (debug && !streams.has(id))
-        console.warn(`wasi-io: stream ${id} not found to dispose`);
-      streams.delete(id);
-      return;
-    case HTTP_SERVER_START:
-      return startHttpServer(id, payload);
-    case HTTP_SERVER_STOP:
-      return stopHttpServer(id);
-    case HTTP_SERVER_SET_OUTGOING_RESPONSE:
-      return setOutgoingResponse(id, payload);
-    case HTTP_SERVER_CLEAR_OUTGOING_RESPONSE:
-      return clearOutgoingResponse(id);
-
-    // Sockets name resolution
-    case SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_CREATE_REQUEST:
-      return createFuture(socketResolveAddress(payload));
-    case SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_SUBSCRIBE_REQUEST:
-      return createPoll(futures.get(id).pollState);
-    case SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_DISPOSE_REQUEST:
-      return void futureDispose(id, true);
-    case SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_TAKE_REQUEST: {
-      const val = futureTakeValue(id);
-      if (val === undefined) throw "would-block";
-      // double take avoidance is ensured
-      return val.val;
-    }
-
-    // Sockets TCP
-    case SOCKET_TCP_ACCEPT:
-      return socketTcpAccept(id);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_CREATE_HANDLE:
-      return createTcpSocket();
-    case SOCKET_TCP_BIND_START:
-      return socketTcpBindStart(id, payload.localAddress, payload.family);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_BIND_FINISH:
-      return socketTcpFinish(id, SOCKET_STATE_BIND, SOCKET_STATE_BOUND);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_CONNECT_START:
-      return socketTcpConnectStart(id, payload.remoteAddress, payload.family);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_CONNECT_FINISH:
-      return socketTcpFinish(id, SOCKET_STATE_CONNECT, SOCKET_STATE_CONNECTION);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_LISTEN_START:
-      return socketTcpListenStart(id);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_LISTEN_FINISH:
-      return socketTcpFinish(id, SOCKET_STATE_LISTEN, SOCKET_STATE_LISTENER);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_IS_LISTENING:
-      return tcpSockets.get(id).state === SOCKET_STATE_LISTENER;
-    case SOCKET_GET_DEFAULT_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE:
-      return getDefaultSendBufferSize(id);
-    case SOCKET_GET_DEFAULT_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE:
-      return getDefaultReceiveBufferSize(id);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_SET_LISTEN_BACKLOG_SIZE:
-      return socketTcpSetListenBacklogSize(id);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_GET_LOCAL_ADDRESS:
-      return socketTcpGetLocalAddress(id);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_GET_REMOTE_ADDRESS:
-      return socketTcpGetRemoteAddress(id);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_SHUTDOWN:
-      return socketTcpShutdown(id, payload);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_SUBSCRIBE:
-      return createPoll(tcpSockets.get(id).pollState);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_SET_KEEP_ALIVE:
-      return socketTcpSetKeepAlive(id, payload);
-    case SOCKET_TCP_DISPOSE:
-      return socketTcpDispose(id);
-
-    // Sockets UDP
-    case SOCKET_UDP_CREATE_HANDLE:
-      return createUdpSocket(payload);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_BIND_START:
-      return socketUdpBindStart(id, payload.localAddress, payload.family);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_BIND_FINISH:
-      return socketUdpBindFinish(id);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_STREAM:
-      return socketUdpStream(id, payload);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_SUBSCRIBE:
-      return createPoll(udpSockets.get(id).pollState);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_GET_LOCAL_ADDRESS:
-      return socketUdpGetLocalAddress(id);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_GET_REMOTE_ADDRESS:
-      return socketUdpGetRemoteAddress(id);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_SET_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE:
-      return socketUdpSetReceiveBufferSize(id, payload);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_SET_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE:
-      return socketUdpSetSendBufferSize(id, payload);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_SET_UNICAST_HOP_LIMIT:
-      return socketUdpSetUnicastHopLimit(id, payload);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_GET_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE:
-      return socketUdpGetReceiveBufferSize(id);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_GET_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE:
-      return socketUdpGetSendBufferSize(id);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_GET_UNICAST_HOP_LIMIT:
-      return socketUdpGetUnicastHopLimit(id);
-    case SOCKET_UDP_DISPOSE:
-      return socketUdpDispose(id);
-
-    case SOCKET_INCOMING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_RECEIVE:
-      return socketIncomingDatagramStreamReceive(id, payload);
-    case SOCKET_OUTGOING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_CHECK_SEND:
-      return socketOutgoingDatagramStreamCheckSend(id);
-    case SOCKET_OUTGOING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_SEND:
-      return socketOutgoingDatagramStreamSend(id, payload);
-    case SOCKET_DATAGRAM_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE:
-      return createPoll(datagramStreams.get(id).pollState);
-    case SOCKET_DATAGRAM_STREAM_DISPOSE:
-      return socketDatagramStreamDispose(id);
-
-    // Stdio
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_FLUSH | STDOUT:
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_FLUSH | STDERR:
-      // no blocking flush for stdio in Node.js
-      return;
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE | STDOUT:
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE | STDERR:
-      return;
-    case INPUT_STREAM_CREATE | STDIN: {
-      return createReadableStream(
-        new Readable({
-          read(n) {
-            if (n <= 0) return void this.push(null);
-            let buf = Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(n);
-            read(0, buf, 0, n, null, (err, bytesRead) => {
-              if (err) {
-                if (err.code === "EAGAIN") {
-                  nextTick(() => void this._read(n));
-                  return;
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_CREATE | HTTP: {
+            const stream = new PassThrough();
+            // content length is passed as payload
+            stream.contentLength = payload;
+            stream.bytesRemaining = payload;
+            return createWritableStream(stream);
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE | HTTP:
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_FLUSH | HTTP:
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_AND_FLUSH | HTTP: {
+            // http flush is a noop
+            const { stream } = getStreamOrThrow(id);
+            if (call === (OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_AND_FLUSH | HTTP)) {
+                stream.bytesRemaining -= payload.byteLength;
+                if (stream.bytesRemaining < 0) {
+                    throw {
+                        tag: 'last-operation-failed',
+                        val: {
+                            tag: 'HTTP-request-body-size',
+                            val: stream.contentLength - stream.bytesRemaining,
+                        },
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+            // otherwise fall through to generic implementation
+            return handle(call & ~HTTP, id, payload);
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE | HTTP: {
+            const { stream } = getStreamOrThrow(id);
+            stream.bytesRemaining -= payload.byteLength;
+            if (stream.bytesRemaining < 0) {
+                throw {
+                    tag: 'last-operation-failed',
+                    val: {
+                        tag: 'HTTP-request-body-size',
+                        val: stream.contentLength - stream.bytesRemaining,
+                    },
+                };
+            }
+            const output = handle(OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE, id, payload);
+            return output;
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE | HTTP:
+            throw new Error(
+                'wasi-io trap: Output stream dispose not implemented as an IO-call for HTTP'
+            );
+        case HTTP_OUTPUT_STREAM_FINISH: {
+            let stream;
+            try {
+                ({ stream } = getStreamOrThrow(id));
+            } catch (e) {
+                if (e.tag === 'closed') {
+                    throw { tag: 'internal-error', val: 'stream closed' };
                 }
-                this.destroy(err);
-              } else if (bytesRead > 0) {
-                if (bytesRead !== buf.length) {
-                  const dst = Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(bytesRead);
-                  buf.copy(dst, 0, 0, bytesRead);
-                  buf = dst;
+                if (e.tag === 'last-operation-failed') {
+                    throw { tag: 'internal-error', val: e.val.message };
                 }
-                this.push(buf);
-              } else {
-                this.push(null);
-              }
-            });
-          },
-        })
-      );
-    }
+            }
+            if (stream.bytesRemaining > 0) {
+                throw {
+                    tag: 'HTTP-request-body-size',
+                    val: stream.contentLength - stream.bytesRemaining,
+                };
+            }
+            if (stream.bytesRemaining < 0) {
+                throw {
+                    tag: 'HTTP-request-body-size',
+                    val: stream.contentLength - stream.bytesRemaining,
+                };
+            }
+            stream.end();
+            return;
+        }
+        case HTTP_OUTGOING_BODY_DISPOSE:
+            if (debug && !streams.has(id)) {
+                console.warn(`wasi-io: stream ${id} not found to dispose`);
+            }
+            streams.delete(id);
+            return;
+        case HTTP_SERVER_START:
+            return startHttpServer(id, payload);
+        case HTTP_SERVER_STOP:
+            return stopHttpServer(id);
+        case HTTP_SERVER_SET_OUTGOING_RESPONSE:
+            return setOutgoingResponse(id, payload);
+        case HTTP_SERVER_CLEAR_OUTGOING_RESPONSE:
+            return clearOutgoingResponse(id);
 
-    // Clocks
-    case CLOCKS_DURATION_SUBSCRIBE:
-      payload = hrtime.bigint() + payload;
-    // fallthrough
-    case CLOCKS_INSTANT_SUBSCRIBE: {
-      const pollState = {
-        ready: false,
-        listener: null,
-        polls: [],
-        parentStream: null,
-      };
-      subscribeInstant(pollState, payload);
-      return createPoll(pollState);
-    }
+        // Sockets name resolution
+        case SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_CREATE_REQUEST:
+            return createFuture(socketResolveAddress(payload));
+        case SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_SUBSCRIBE_REQUEST:
+            return createPoll(futures.get(id).pollState);
+        case SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_DISPOSE_REQUEST:
+            return void futureDispose(id, true);
+        case SOCKET_RESOLVE_ADDRESS_TAKE_REQUEST: {
+            const val = futureTakeValue(id);
+            if (val === undefined) {
+                throw 'would-block';
+            }
+            // double take avoidance is ensured
+            return val.val;
+        }
 
-    // Filesystem
-    case INPUT_STREAM_CREATE | FILE: {
-      const { fd, offset } = payload;
-      const stream = createReadStream(null, {
-        fd,
-        autoClose: false,
-        highWaterMark: 64 * 1024,
-        start: Number(offset),
-      });
-      return createReadableStream(stream);
-    }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_CREATE | FILE: {
-      const { fd, offset } = payload;
-      const stream = createWriteStream(null, {
-        fd,
-        autoClose: false,
-        emitClose: false,
-        highWaterMark: 64 * 1024,
-        start: Number(offset),
-      });
-      return createWritableStream(stream);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Generic call implementations (streams + polls)
-  switch (call & CALL_MASK) {
-    case INPUT_STREAM_READ: {
-      const stream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
-      if (!stream.pollState.ready) return new Uint8Array();
-      const res = stream.stream.read(
-        Math.min(stream.stream.readableLength, Number(payload))
-      );
-      if (res) return res;
-      if (stream.stream.readableEnded) throw { tag: "closed" };
-      return new Uint8Array();
-    }
-    case INPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_READ: {
-      const { pollState } = streams.get(id);
-      pollStateCheck(pollState);
-      if (pollState.ready)
-        return handle(INPUT_STREAM_READ | (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK), id, payload);
-      return new Promise((resolve) => void (pollState.listener = resolve)).then(
-        () => handle(INPUT_STREAM_READ | (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK), id, payload)
-      );
-    }
-    case INPUT_STREAM_SKIP:
-      return handle(
-        INPUT_STREAM_READ | (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK),
-        id,
-        new Uint8Array(Number(payload))
-      );
-    case INPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_SKIP:
-      return handle(
-        INPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_READ | (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK),
-        id,
-        new Uint8Array(Number(payload))
-      );
-    case INPUT_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE:
-      return createPoll(streams.get(id).pollState);
-    case INPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE: {
-      const stream = streams.get(id);
-      verifyPollsDroppedForDrop(stream.pollState, "input stream");
-      streams.delete(id);
-      return;
-    }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_CHECK_WRITE: {
-      const { stream, pollState } = getStreamOrThrow(id);
-      const bytes = stream.writableHighWaterMark - stream.writableLength;
-      if (bytes === 0) pollState.ready = false;
-      return BigInt(bytes);
-    }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE: {
-      const { stream } = getStreamOrThrow(id);
-      if (
-        payload.byteLength >
-        stream.writableHighWaterMark - stream.writableLength
-      )
-        throw new Error("wasi-io trap: attempt to write too many bytes");
-      return void stream.write(payload);
-    }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_AND_FLUSH: {
-      const stream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
-      // if an existing flush, try again after that
-      if (stream.flushPromise)
-        return stream.flushPromise.then(() => handle(call, id, payload));
-      if (
-        payload.byteLength >
-        stream.stream.writableHighWaterMark - stream.stream.writableLength
-      ) {
-        new Error(
-          "wasi-io trap: Cannot write more than permitted writable length"
-        );
-      }
-      stream.pollState.ready = false;
-      return (stream.flushPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        if (stream.stream === stdout || stream.stream === stderr) {
-          // Inside workers, NodeJS actually queues writes destined for
-          // stdout/stderr in a port that is only flushed on exit of the worker.
-          //
-          // In this case, we cannot attempt to wait for the promise.
-          //
-          // This code may have to be reworked for browsers.
-          //
-          // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker/io.js#L288
-          // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker.js#L303
-          // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/typings/internalBinding/messaging.d.ts#L27
-          stream.stream.write(payload);
-          stream.flushPromise = null;
-          pollStateReady(stream.pollState);
-          resolve(BigInt(payload.byteLength));
-        } else {
-          stream.stream.write(payload, (err) => {
-            stream.flushPromise = null;
-            pollStateReady(stream.pollState);
-            if (err) return void reject(streamError(err));
-            resolve(BigInt(payload.byteLength));
-          });
+        // Sockets TCP
+        case SOCKET_TCP_ACCEPT:
+            return socketTcpAccept(id);
+        case SOCKET_TCP_CREATE_HANDLE:
+            return createTcpSocket();
+        case SOCKET_TCP_BIND_START:
+            return socketTcpBindStart(id, payload.localAddress, payload.family);
+        case SOCKET_TCP_BIND_FINISH:
+            return socketTcpFinish(id, SOCKET_STATE_BIND, SOCKET_STATE_BOUND);
+        case SOCKET_TCP_CONNECT_START:
+            return socketTcpConnectStart(
+                id,
+                payload.remoteAddress,
+                payload.family
+            );
+        case SOCKET_TCP_CONNECT_FINISH:
+            return socketTcpFinish(
+                id,
+                SOCKET_STATE_CONNECT,
+                SOCKET_STATE_CONNECTION
+            );
+        case SOCKET_TCP_LISTEN_START:
+            return socketTcpListenStart(id);
+        case SOCKET_TCP_LISTEN_FINISH:
+            return socketTcpFinish(
+                id,
+                SOCKET_STATE_LISTEN,
+                SOCKET_STATE_LISTENER
+            );
+        case SOCKET_TCP_IS_LISTENING:
+            return tcpSockets.get(id).state === SOCKET_STATE_LISTENER;
+        case SOCKET_GET_DEFAULT_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE:
+            return getDefaultSendBufferSize(id);
+        case SOCKET_GET_DEFAULT_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE:
+            return getDefaultReceiveBufferSize(id);
+        case SOCKET_TCP_SET_LISTEN_BACKLOG_SIZE:
+            return socketTcpSetListenBacklogSize(id);
+        case SOCKET_TCP_GET_LOCAL_ADDRESS:
+            return socketTcpGetLocalAddress(id);
+        case SOCKET_TCP_GET_REMOTE_ADDRESS:
+            return socketTcpGetRemoteAddress(id);
+        case SOCKET_TCP_SHUTDOWN:
+            return socketTcpShutdown(id, payload);
+        case SOCKET_TCP_SUBSCRIBE:
+            return createPoll(tcpSockets.get(id).pollState);
+        case SOCKET_TCP_SET_KEEP_ALIVE:
+            return socketTcpSetKeepAlive(id, payload);
+        case SOCKET_TCP_DISPOSE:
+            return socketTcpDispose(id);
+
+        // Sockets UDP
+        case SOCKET_UDP_CREATE_HANDLE:
+            return createUdpSocket(payload);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_BIND_START:
+            return socketUdpBindStart(id, payload.localAddress, payload.family);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_BIND_FINISH:
+            return socketUdpBindFinish(id);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_STREAM:
+            return socketUdpStream(id, payload);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_SUBSCRIBE:
+            return createPoll(udpSockets.get(id).pollState);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_GET_LOCAL_ADDRESS:
+            return socketUdpGetLocalAddress(id);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_GET_REMOTE_ADDRESS:
+            return socketUdpGetRemoteAddress(id);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_SET_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE:
+            return socketUdpSetReceiveBufferSize(id, payload);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_SET_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE:
+            return socketUdpSetSendBufferSize(id, payload);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_SET_UNICAST_HOP_LIMIT:
+            return socketUdpSetUnicastHopLimit(id, payload);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_GET_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE:
+            return socketUdpGetReceiveBufferSize(id);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_GET_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE:
+            return socketUdpGetSendBufferSize(id);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_GET_UNICAST_HOP_LIMIT:
+            return socketUdpGetUnicastHopLimit(id);
+        case SOCKET_UDP_DISPOSE:
+            return socketUdpDispose(id);
+
+        case SOCKET_INCOMING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_RECEIVE:
+            return socketIncomingDatagramStreamReceive(id, payload);
+        case SOCKET_OUTGOING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_CHECK_SEND:
+            return socketOutgoingDatagramStreamCheckSend(id);
+        case SOCKET_OUTGOING_DATAGRAM_STREAM_SEND:
+            return socketOutgoingDatagramStreamSend(id, payload);
+        case SOCKET_DATAGRAM_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE:
+            return createPoll(datagramStreams.get(id).pollState);
+        case SOCKET_DATAGRAM_STREAM_DISPOSE:
+            return socketDatagramStreamDispose(id);
+
+        // Stdio
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_FLUSH | STDOUT:
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_FLUSH | STDERR:
+            // no blocking flush for stdio in Node.js
+            return;
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE | STDOUT:
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE | STDERR:
+            return;
+        case INPUT_STREAM_CREATE | STDIN: {
+            return createReadableStream(
+                new Readable({
+                    read(n) {
+                        if (n <= 0) {
+                            return void this.push(null);
+                        }
+                        let buf = Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(n);
+                        read(0, buf, 0, n, null, (err, bytesRead) => {
+                            if (err) {
+                                if (err.code === 'EAGAIN') {
+                                    nextTick(() => void this._read(n));
+                                    return;
+                                }
+                                this.destroy(err);
+                            } else if (bytesRead > 0) {
+                                if (bytesRead !== buf.length) {
+                                    const dst =
+                                        Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(bytesRead);
+                                    buf.copy(dst, 0, 0, bytesRead);
+                                    buf = dst;
+                                }
+                                this.push(buf);
+                            } else {
+                                this.push(null);
+                            }
+                        });
+                    },
+                })
+            );
         }
-      }));
-    }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_FLUSH: {
-      const stream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
-      if (stream.flushPromise) return;
-      stream.pollState.ready = false;
-      stream.flushPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        if (stream.stream === stdout || stream.stream === stderr) {
-          // Inside workers, NodeJS actually queues writes destined for
-          // stdout/stderr in a port that is only flushed on exit of the worker.
-          //
-          // In this case, we cannot attempt to wait for the promise.
-          //
-          // This code may have to be reworked for browsers.
-          //
-          // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker/io.js#L288
-          // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker.js#L303
-          // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/typings/internalBinding/messaging.d.ts#L27
-          stream.flushPromise = null;
-          pollStateReady(stream.pollState);
-          resolve();
-        } else {
-          // For all other writes, we can perform the actual write and expect the write to complete
-          // and trigger the relevant callback
-          stream.stream.write(new Uint8Array([]), (err) => {
-            stream.flushPromise = null;
-            pollStateReady(stream.pollState);
-            if (err) return void reject(streamError(err));
-            resolve();
-          });
+
+        // Clocks
+        case CLOCKS_DURATION_SUBSCRIBE:
+            payload = hrtime.bigint() + payload;
+        // fallthrough
+        case CLOCKS_INSTANT_SUBSCRIBE: {
+            const pollState = {
+                ready: false,
+                listener: null,
+                polls: [],
+                parentStream: null,
+            };
+            subscribeInstant(pollState, payload);
+            return createPoll(pollState);
         }
-      });
-      return stream.flushPromise;
-    }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_FLUSH: {
-      const stream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
-      if (stream.flushPromise) return stream.flushPromise;
-      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        if (stream.stream === stdout || stream.stream === stderr) {
-          // Inside workers, NodeJS actually queues writes destined for
-          // stdout/stderr in a port that is only flushed on exit of the worker.
-          //
-          // In this case, we cannot attempt to wait for the promise.
-          //
-          // This code may have to be reworked for browsers.
-          //
-          // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker/io.js#L288
-          // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker.js#L303
-          // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/typings/internalBinding/messaging.d.ts#L27
-          resolve();
-        } else {
-          // For all other writes, we can perform the actual write and expect the write to complete
-          // and trigger the relevant callback
-          stream.stream.write(new Uint8Array([]), (err) =>
-            err ? reject(streamError(err)) : resolve()
-          );
+
+        // Filesystem
+        case INPUT_STREAM_CREATE | FILE: {
+            const { fd, offset } = payload;
+            const stream = createReadStream(null, {
+                fd,
+                autoClose: false,
+                highWaterMark: 64 * 1024,
+                start: Number(offset),
+            });
+            return createReadableStream(stream);
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_CREATE | FILE: {
+            const { fd, offset } = payload;
+            const stream = createWriteStream(null, {
+                fd,
+                autoClose: false,
+                emitClose: false,
+                highWaterMark: 64 * 1024,
+                start: Number(offset),
+            });
+            return createWritableStream(stream);
         }
-      });
-    }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE_ZEROES:
-      return handle(
-        OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE | (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK),
-        id,
-        new Uint8Array(Number(payload))
-      );
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_ZEROES_AND_FLUSH:
-      return handle(
-        OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_AND_FLUSH | (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK),
-        id,
-        new Uint8Array(Number(payload))
-      );
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_SPLICE: {
-      const outputStream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
-      const inputStream = getStreamOrThrow(payload.src);
-      let bytesRemaining = Number(payload.len);
-      let chunk;
-      while (
-        bytesRemaining > 0 &&
-        (chunk = inputStream.stream.read(
-          Math.min(
-            outputStream.writableHighWaterMark - outputStream.writableLength,
-            bytesRemaining
-          )
-        ))
-      ) {
-        bytesRemaining -= chunk.byteLength;
-        outputStream.stream.write(chunk);
-      }
-      if (inputStream.stream.errored)
-        throw streamError(inputStream.stream.errored);
-      if (outputStream.stream.errored)
-        throw streamError(outputStream.stream.errored);
-      return payload.len - BigInt(bytesRemaining);
     }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE:
-      return createPoll(streams.get(id).pollState);
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_SPLICE: {
-      const outputStream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
-      let promise = Promise.resolve();
-      let resolve, reject;
-      if (outputStream.stream.writableNeedDrain) {
-        promise = new Promise((_resolve, _reject) => {
-          outputStream.stream
-            .once("drain", (resolve = _resolve))
-            .once("error", (reject = _reject));
-        }).then(
-          () => {
-            outputStream.stream.off("error", reject);
-          },
-          (err) => {
-            outputStream.stream.off("drain", resolve);
-            throw streamError(err);
-          }
-        );
-      }
-      const inputStream = getStreamOrThrow(payload.src);
-      if (!inputStream.stream.readable) {
-        promise = promise.then(() =>
-          new Promise((_resolve, _reject) => {
-            inputStream.stream
-              .once("readable", (resolve = _resolve))
-              .once("error", (reject = _reject));
-          }).then(
-            () => {
-              inputStream.stream.off("error", reject);
-            },
-            (err) => {
-              inputStream.stream.off("readable", resolve);
-              throw streamError(err);
+
+    // Generic call implementations (streams + polls)
+    switch (call & CALL_MASK) {
+        case INPUT_STREAM_READ: {
+            const stream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
+            if (!stream.pollState.ready) {
+                return new Uint8Array();
             }
-          )
-        );
-      }
-      return promise.then(() => handle(OUTPUT_STREAM_SPLICE, id, payload));
-    }
-    case OUTPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE: {
-      const stream = streams.get(id);
-      verifyPollsDroppedForDrop(stream.pollState, "output stream");
-      stream.stream.end();
-      streams.delete(id);
-      return;
-    }
+            const res = stream.stream.read(
+                Math.min(stream.stream.readableLength, Number(payload))
+            );
+            if (res) {
+                return res;
+            }
+            if (stream.stream.readableEnded) {
+                throw { tag: 'closed' };
+            }
+            return new Uint8Array();
+        }
+        case INPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_READ: {
+            const { pollState } = streams.get(id);
+            pollStateCheck(pollState);
+            if (pollState.ready) {
+                return handle(
+                    INPUT_STREAM_READ | (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK),
+                    id,
+                    payload
+                );
+            }
+            return new Promise(
+                (resolve) => void (pollState.listener = resolve)
+            ).then(() =>
+                handle(INPUT_STREAM_READ | (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK), id, payload)
+            );
+        }
+        case INPUT_STREAM_SKIP:
+            return handle(
+                INPUT_STREAM_READ | (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK),
+                id,
+                new Uint8Array(Number(payload))
+            );
+        case INPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_SKIP:
+            return handle(
+                INPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_READ | (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK),
+                id,
+                new Uint8Array(Number(payload))
+            );
+        case INPUT_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE:
+            return createPoll(streams.get(id).pollState);
+        case INPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE: {
+            const stream = streams.get(id);
+            verifyPollsDroppedForDrop(stream.pollState, 'input stream');
+            streams.delete(id);
+            return;
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_CHECK_WRITE: {
+            const { stream, pollState } = getStreamOrThrow(id);
+            const bytes = stream.writableHighWaterMark - stream.writableLength;
+            if (bytes === 0) {
+                pollState.ready = false;
+            }
+            return BigInt(bytes);
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE: {
+            const { stream } = getStreamOrThrow(id);
+            if (
+                payload.byteLength >
+                stream.writableHighWaterMark - stream.writableLength
+            ) {
+                throw new Error(
+                    'wasi-io trap: attempt to write too many bytes'
+                );
+            }
+            return void stream.write(payload);
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_AND_FLUSH: {
+            const stream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
+            // if an existing flush, try again after that
+            if (stream.flushPromise) {
+                return stream.flushPromise.then(() =>
+                    handle(call, id, payload)
+                );
+            }
+            if (
+                payload.byteLength >
+                stream.stream.writableHighWaterMark -
+                    stream.stream.writableLength
+            ) {
+                throw new Error(
+                    'wasi-io trap: Cannot write more than permitted writable length'
+                );
+            }
+            stream.pollState.ready = false;
+            return (stream.flushPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+                if (stream.stream === stdout || stream.stream === stderr) {
+                    // Inside workers, NodeJS actually queues writes destined for
+                    // stdout/stderr in a port that is only flushed on exit of the worker.
+                    //
+                    // In this case, we cannot attempt to wait for the promise.
+                    //
+                    // This code may have to be reworked for browsers.
+                    //
+                    // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker/io.js#L288
+                    // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker.js#L303
+                    // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/typings/internalBinding/messaging.d.ts#L27
+                    stream.stream.write(payload);
+                    stream.flushPromise = null;
+                    pollStateReady(stream.pollState);
+                    resolve(BigInt(payload.byteLength));
+                } else {
+                    stream.stream.write(payload, (err) => {
+                        stream.flushPromise = null;
+                        pollStateReady(stream.pollState);
+                        if (err) {
+                            return void reject(streamError(err));
+                        }
+                        resolve(BigInt(payload.byteLength));
+                    });
+                }
+            }));
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_FLUSH: {
+            const stream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
+            if (stream.flushPromise) {
+                return;
+            }
+            stream.pollState.ready = false;
+            stream.flushPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+                if (stream.stream === stdout || stream.stream === stderr) {
+                    // Inside workers, NodeJS actually queues writes destined for
+                    // stdout/stderr in a port that is only flushed on exit of the worker.
+                    //
+                    // In this case, we cannot attempt to wait for the promise.
+                    //
+                    // This code may have to be reworked for browsers.
+                    //
+                    // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker/io.js#L288
+                    // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker.js#L303
+                    // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/typings/internalBinding/messaging.d.ts#L27
+                    stream.flushPromise = null;
+                    pollStateReady(stream.pollState);
+                    resolve();
+                } else {
+                    // For all other writes, we can perform the actual write and expect the write to complete
+                    // and trigger the relevant callback
+                    stream.stream.write(new Uint8Array([]), (err) => {
+                        stream.flushPromise = null;
+                        pollStateReady(stream.pollState);
+                        if (err) {
+                            return void reject(streamError(err));
+                        }
+                        resolve();
+                    });
+                }
+            });
+            return stream.flushPromise;
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_FLUSH: {
+            const stream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
+            if (stream.flushPromise) {
+                return stream.flushPromise;
+            }
+            return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+                if (stream.stream === stdout || stream.stream === stderr) {
+                    // Inside workers, NodeJS actually queues writes destined for
+                    // stdout/stderr in a port that is only flushed on exit of the worker.
+                    //
+                    // In this case, we cannot attempt to wait for the promise.
+                    //
+                    // This code may have to be reworked for browsers.
+                    //
+                    // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker/io.js#L288
+                    // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/lib/internal/worker.js#L303
+                    // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.12.0/typings/internalBinding/messaging.d.ts#L27
+                    resolve();
+                } else {
+                    // For all other writes, we can perform the actual write and expect the write to complete
+                    // and trigger the relevant callback
+                    stream.stream.write(new Uint8Array([]), (err) =>
+                        err ? reject(streamError(err)) : resolve()
+                    );
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE_ZEROES:
+            return handle(
+                OUTPUT_STREAM_WRITE | (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK),
+                id,
+                new Uint8Array(Number(payload))
+            );
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_ZEROES_AND_FLUSH:
+            return handle(
+                OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_WRITE_AND_FLUSH |
+                    (call & CALL_TYPE_MASK),
+                id,
+                new Uint8Array(Number(payload))
+            );
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_SPLICE: {
+            const outputStream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
+            const inputStream = getStreamOrThrow(payload.src);
+            let bytesRemaining = Number(payload.len);
+            let chunk;
+            while (
+                bytesRemaining > 0 &&
+                (chunk = inputStream.stream.read(
+                    Math.min(
+                        outputStream.writableHighWaterMark -
+                            outputStream.writableLength,
+                        bytesRemaining
+                    )
+                ))
+            ) {
+                bytesRemaining -= chunk.byteLength;
+                outputStream.stream.write(chunk);
+            }
+            if (inputStream.stream.errored) {
+                throw streamError(inputStream.stream.errored);
+            }
+            if (outputStream.stream.errored) {
+                throw streamError(outputStream.stream.errored);
+            }
+            return payload.len - BigInt(bytesRemaining);
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_SUBSCRIBE:
+            return createPoll(streams.get(id).pollState);
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_BLOCKING_SPLICE: {
+            const outputStream = getStreamOrThrow(id);
+            let promise = Promise.resolve();
+            let resolve, reject;
+            if (outputStream.stream.writableNeedDrain) {
+                promise = new Promise((_resolve, _reject) => {
+                    outputStream.stream
+                        .once('drain', (resolve = _resolve))
+                        .once('error', (reject = _reject));
+                }).then(
+                    () => {
+                        outputStream.stream.off('error', reject);
+                    },
+                    (err) => {
+                        outputStream.stream.off('drain', resolve);
+                        throw streamError(err);
+                    }
+                );
+            }
+            const inputStream = getStreamOrThrow(payload.src);
+            if (!inputStream.stream.readable) {
+                promise = promise.then(() =>
+                    new Promise((_resolve, _reject) => {
+                        inputStream.stream
+                            .once('readable', (resolve = _resolve))
+                            .once('error', (reject = _reject));
+                    }).then(
+                        () => {
+                            inputStream.stream.off('error', reject);
+                        },
+                        (err) => {
+                            inputStream.stream.off('readable', resolve);
+                            throw streamError(err);
+                        }
+                    )
+                );
+            }
+            return promise.then(() =>
+                handle(OUTPUT_STREAM_SPLICE, id, payload)
+            );
+        }
+        case OUTPUT_STREAM_DISPOSE: {
+            const stream = streams.get(id);
+            verifyPollsDroppedForDrop(stream.pollState, 'output stream');
+            stream.stream.end();
+            streams.delete(id);
+            return;
+        }
 
-    case POLL_POLLABLE_READY:
-      return polls.get(id).ready;
-    case POLL_POLLABLE_BLOCK:
-      payload = [id];
-    // [intentional case fall-through]
-    case POLL_POLL_LIST: {
-      if (payload.length === 0)
-        throw new Error("wasi-io trap: attempt to poll on empty list");
-      const doneList = [];
-      const pollList = payload.map((pollId) => polls.get(pollId));
-      for (const [idx, pollState] of pollList.entries()) {
-        pollStateCheck(pollState);
-        if (pollState.ready) doneList.push(idx);
-      }
-      if (doneList.length > 0) {
-        return new Uint32Array(doneList);
-      }
-      let readyPromiseResolve;
-      const readyPromise = new Promise(
-        (resolve) => void (readyPromiseResolve = resolve)
-      );
-      for (const poll of pollList) {
-        poll.listener = readyPromiseResolve;
-      }
-      return readyPromise.then(() => {
-        for (const [idx, pollState] of pollList.entries()) {
-          pollState.listener = null;
-          if (pollState.ready) doneList.push(idx);
+        case POLL_POLLABLE_READY:
+            return polls.get(id).ready;
+        case POLL_POLLABLE_BLOCK:
+            payload = [id];
+        // [intentional case fall-through]
+        case POLL_POLL_LIST: {
+            if (payload.length === 0) {
+                throw new Error('wasi-io trap: attempt to poll on empty list');
+            }
+            const doneList = [];
+            const pollList = payload.map((pollId) => polls.get(pollId));
+            for (const [idx, pollState] of pollList.entries()) {
+                pollStateCheck(pollState);
+                if (pollState.ready) {
+                    doneList.push(idx);
+                }
+            }
+            if (doneList.length > 0) {
+                return new Uint32Array(doneList);
+            }
+            let readyPromiseResolve;
+            const readyPromise = new Promise(
+                (resolve) => void (readyPromiseResolve = resolve)
+            );
+            for (const poll of pollList) {
+                poll.listener = readyPromiseResolve;
+            }
+            return readyPromise.then(() => {
+                for (const [idx, pollState] of pollList.entries()) {
+                    pollState.listener = null;
+                    if (pollState.ready) {
+                        doneList.push(idx);
+                    }
+                }
+                return new Uint32Array(doneList);
+            });
         }
-        return new Uint32Array(doneList);
-      });
-    }
-    case POLL_POLLABLE_DISPOSE:
-      if (!polls.delete(id))
-        throw new Error(
-          `wasi-io trap: Disposed a poll ${id} that does not exist`
-        );
-      return;
+        case POLL_POLLABLE_DISPOSE:
+            if (!polls.delete(id)) {
+                throw new Error(
+                    `wasi-io trap: Disposed a poll ${id} that does not exist`
+                );
+            }
+            return;
 
-    case FUTURE_TAKE_VALUE:
-      return futureTakeValue(id);
+        case FUTURE_TAKE_VALUE:
+            return futureTakeValue(id);
 
-    case FUTURE_SUBSCRIBE: {
-      const { pollState } = futures.get(id);
-      const pollId = ++pollCnt;
-      polls.set(pollId, pollState);
-      return pollId;
+        case FUTURE_SUBSCRIBE: {
+            const { pollState } = futures.get(id);
+            const pollId = ++pollCnt;
+            polls.set(pollId, pollState);
+            return pollId;
+        }
+        case FUTURE_DISPOSE:
+            return void futureDispose(id, true);
+        default:
+            throw new Error(
+                `wasi-io trap: Unknown call ${call} (${reverseMap[call]}) with type ${
+                    reverseMap[call & CALL_TYPE_MASK]
+                }`
+            );
     }
-    case FUTURE_DISPOSE:
-      return void futureDispose(id, true);
-    default:
-      throw new Error(
-        `wasi-io trap: Unknown call ${call} (${reverseMap[call]}) with type ${
-          reverseMap[call & CALL_TYPE_MASK]
-        }`
-      );
-  }
 }
 
 /**
  * @param {PollState} pollState
  */
 function createPoll(pollState) {
-  const pollId = ++pollCnt;
-  pollState.polls.push(pollId);
-  polls.set(pollId, pollState);
-  return pollId;
+    const pollId = ++pollCnt;
+    pollState.polls.push(pollId);
+    polls.set(pollId, pollState);
+    return pollId;
 }
 
 function subscribeInstant(pollState, instant) {
-  const duration = instant - hrtime.bigint();
-  if (duration <= 0) return pollStateReady(pollState);
-  function cb() {
-    if (hrtime.bigint() < instant) return subscribeInstant(pollState, instant);
-    pollStateReady(pollState);
-  }
-  if (duration < 10e6) setImmediate(cb);
-  else setTimeout(cb, Number(duration) / 1e6);
+    const duration = instant - hrtime.bigint();
+    if (duration <= 0) {
+        return pollStateReady(pollState);
+    }
+    function cb() {
+        if (hrtime.bigint() < instant) {
+            return subscribeInstant(pollState, instant);
+        }
+        pollStateReady(pollState);
+    }
+    if (duration < 10e6) {
+        setImmediate(cb);
+    } else {
+        setTimeout(cb, Number(duration) / 1e6);
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -897,13 +975,14 @@ function subscribeInstant(pollState, instant) {
  * @param {string} polledResourceDebugName
  */
 export function verifyPollsDroppedForDrop(pollState, polledResourceDebugName) {
-  for (const pollId of pollState.polls) {
-    const poll = polls.get(pollId);
-    if (poll)
-      throw new Error(
-        `wasi-io trap: Cannot drop ${polledResourceDebugName} as it has a child poll resource which has not yet been dropped`
-      );
-  }
+    for (const pollId of pollState.polls) {
+        const poll = polls.get(pollId);
+        if (poll) {
+            throw new Error(
+                `wasi-io trap: Cannot drop ${polledResourceDebugName} as it has a child poll resource which has not yet been dropped`
+            );
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -911,41 +990,41 @@ export function verifyPollsDroppedForDrop(pollState, polledResourceDebugName) {
  * @param {bool} finished
  */
 export function pollStateReady(pollState) {
-  if (pollState.ready && pollState.listener) {
-    uncaughtException = new Error(
-      "wasi-io trap: poll already ready with listener attached"
-    );
-  }
-  pollState.ready = true;
-  if (pollState.listener) {
-    pollState.listener();
-    pollState.listener = null;
-  }
+    if (pollState.ready && pollState.listener) {
+        uncaughtException = new Error(
+            'wasi-io trap: poll already ready with listener attached'
+        );
+    }
+    pollState.ready = true;
+    if (pollState.listener) {
+        pollState.listener();
+        pollState.listener = null;
+    }
 }
 
 /**
  * @param {PollState} pollState
  */
 function pollStateCheck(pollState) {
-  if (pollState.ready && pollState.parentStream) {
-    // stream ONLY applies to readable streams here
-    const stream = pollState.parentStream;
-    const res = stream.read(0);
-    if (res !== null) {
-      throw new Error("wasi-io trap: got data for a null read");
-    }
-    if (
-      pollState.ready &&
-      stream.readableLength === 0 &&
-      !stream.readableEnded &&
-      !stream.errored
-    ) {
-      pollState.ready = false;
-      stream.once("readable", () => {
-        pollStateReady(pollState);
-      });
+    if (pollState.ready && pollState.parentStream) {
+        // stream ONLY applies to readable streams here
+        const stream = pollState.parentStream;
+        const res = stream.read(0);
+        if (res !== null) {
+            throw new Error('wasi-io trap: got data for a null read');
+        }
+        if (
+            pollState.ready &&
+            stream.readableLength === 0 &&
+            !stream.readableEnded &&
+            !stream.errored
+        ) {
+            pollState.ready = false;
+            stream.once('readable', () => {
+                pollStateReady(pollState);
+            });
+        }
     }
-  }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -955,31 +1034,31 @@ function pollStateCheck(pollState) {
  * @returns {number}
  */
 export function createFuture(promise, pollState) {
-  const futureId = ++futureCnt;
-  if (pollState) {
-    pollState.ready = false;
-  } else {
-    pollState = {
-      ready: false,
-      listener: null,
-      polls: [],
-      parent: null,
-    };
-  }
-  const future = { tag: "ok", val: null };
-  futures.set(futureId, { future, pollState });
-  promise.then(
-    (value) => {
-      pollStateReady(pollState);
-      future.val = value;
-    },
-    (value) => {
-      pollStateReady(pollState);
-      future.tag = "err";
-      future.val = value;
+    const futureId = ++futureCnt;
+    if (pollState) {
+        pollState.ready = false;
+    } else {
+        pollState = {
+            ready: false,
+            listener: null,
+            polls: [],
+            parent: null,
+        };
     }
-  );
-  return futureId;
+    const future = { tag: 'ok', val: null };
+    futures.set(futureId, { future, pollState });
+    promise.then(
+        (value) => {
+            pollStateReady(pollState);
+            future.val = value;
+        },
+        (value) => {
+            pollStateReady(pollState);
+            future.tag = 'err';
+            future.val = value;
+        }
+    );
+    return futureId;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -988,29 +1067,29 @@ export function createFuture(promise, pollState) {
  * @throws {undefined}
  */
 export function futureTakeValue(id) {
-  const future = futures.get(id);
-  // Not ready = return undefined
-  if (!future.pollState.ready) return undefined;
-  // Ready but already taken = return { tag: 'err', val: undefined }
-  if (!future.future) return { tag: "err", val: undefined };
-  const out = { tag: "ok", val: future.future };
-  future.future = null;
-  return out;
+    const future = futures.get(id);
+    // Not ready = return undefined
+    if (!future.pollState.ready) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    // Ready but already taken = return { tag: 'err', val: undefined }
+    if (!future.future) {
+        return { tag: 'err', val: undefined };
+    }
+    const out = { tag: 'ok', val: future.future };
+    future.future = null;
+    return out;
 }
 
 export function futureDispose(id, ownsState) {
-  const { pollState } = futures.get(id);
-  if (ownsState) verifyPollsDroppedForDrop(pollState, "future");
-  return void futures.delete(id);
+    const { pollState } = futures.get(id);
+    if (ownsState) {
+        verifyPollsDroppedForDrop(pollState, 'future');
+    }
+    return void futures.delete(id);
 }
 
 let uncaughtException;
-process.on("uncaughtException", (err) => (uncaughtException = err));
-
-// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
-function trace(msg) {
-  const tmpErr = new Error(format(msg));
-  log(tmpErr.stack);
-}
+process.on('uncaughtException', (err) => (uncaughtException = err));
 
 const debug = runAsWorker(handle);