@btc-vision/bitcoin 6.5.5 → 7.0.0-alpha.0

package/build/transaction.js

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-import { BufferReader, BufferWriter, reverseBuffer, varuint } from './bufferutils.js';
+import { BinaryReader, BinaryWriter, reverse, varuint, fromHex, toHex, alloc } from './io/index.js';
 import * as bcrypto from './crypto.js';
 import * as bscript from './script.js';
 import { opcodes } from './script.js';
-import * as types from './types.js';
-const { typeforce } = types;
 function varSliceSize(someScript) {
     const length = someScript.length;
     return varuint.encodingLength(length) + length;
@@ -15,29 +13,58 @@ function vectorSize(someVector) {
             return sum + varSliceSize(witness);
         }, 0));
 }
-const EMPTY_BUFFER = Buffer.allocUnsafe(0);
+const EMPTY_BYTES = new Uint8Array(0);
 const EMPTY_WITNESS = [];
-const ZERO = Buffer.from('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', 'hex');
-const ONE = Buffer.from('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', 'hex');
-const VALUE_UINT64_MAX = Buffer.from('ffffffffffffffff', 'hex');
-const BLANK_OUTPUT = {
-    script: EMPTY_BUFFER,
-    valueBuffer: VALUE_UINT64_MAX,
-};
-function isOutput(out) {
-    return 'value' in out;
-}
+const ZERO = fromHex('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000');
+const ONE = fromHex('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001');
+/** Maximum value for SIGHASH_SINGLE blank outputs (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) */
+const BLANK_OUTPUT_VALUE = 0xffffffffffffffffn;
+/**
+ * Represents a Bitcoin transaction.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * import { Transaction, fromHex } from '@btc-vision/bitcoin';
+ *
+ * // Parse a transaction from hex
+ * const tx = Transaction.fromHex('0100000001...');
+ *
+ * // Create a new transaction
+ * const newTx = new Transaction();
+ * newTx.version = 2;
+ * newTx.addInput(prevTxHash, 0);
+ * newTx.addOutput(scriptPubKey, 50000n);
+ * ```
+ */
 export class Transaction {
-    constructor() {
-        this.version = 1;
-        this.locktime = 0;
-        this.ins = [];
-        this.outs = [];
-    }
+    static DEFAULT_SEQUENCE = 0xffffffff;
+    static SIGHASH_DEFAULT = 0x00;
+    static SIGHASH_ALL = 0x01;
+    static SIGHASH_NONE = 0x02;
+    static SIGHASH_SINGLE = 0x03;
+    static SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY = 0x80;
+    static SIGHASH_OUTPUT_MASK = 0x03;
+    static SIGHASH_INPUT_MASK = 0x80;
+    static ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_MARKER = 0x00;
+    static ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_FLAG = 0x01;
+    static TRUC_VERSION = 3;
+    static TRUC_MAX_VSIZE = 10000;
+    static TRUC_CHILD_MAX_VSIZE = 1000;
+    version = 1;
+    locktime = 0;
+    ins = [];
+    outs = [];
+    /**
+     * Parse a transaction from a Uint8Array buffer.
+     *
+     * @param buffer - The raw transaction bytes
+     * @param _NO_STRICT - If true, allow extra data after transaction
+     * @returns Parsed Transaction instance
+     */
     static fromBuffer(buffer, _NO_STRICT) {
-        const bufferReader = new BufferReader(buffer);
+        const bufferReader = new BinaryReader(buffer);
         const tx = new Transaction();
-        tx.version = bufferReader.readInt32();
+        tx.version = bufferReader.readInt32LE();
         const marker = bufferReader.readUInt8();
         const flag = bufferReader.readUInt8();
         let hasWitnesses = false;
@@ -50,10 +77,10 @@ export class Transaction {
         }
         const vinLen = bufferReader.readVarInt();
         for (let i = 0; i < vinLen; ++i) {
-            const hash = bufferReader.readSlice(32);
-            const index = bufferReader.readUInt32();
-            const script = bufferReader.readVarSlice();
-            const sequence = bufferReader.readUInt32();
+            const hash = bufferReader.readBytes(32);
+            const index = bufferReader.readUInt32LE();
+            const script = bufferReader.readVarBytes();
+            const sequence = bufferReader.readUInt32LE();
             tx.ins.push({
                 hash: hash,
                 index: index,
@@ -65,31 +92,46 @@ export class Transaction {
         const voutLen = bufferReader.readVarInt();
         for (let i = 0; i < voutLen; ++i) {
             tx.outs.push({
-                value: bufferReader.readUInt64(),
-                script: bufferReader.readVarSlice(),
+                value: bufferReader.readUInt64LE(),
+                script: bufferReader.readVarBytes(),
             });
         }
         if (hasWitnesses) {
             for (let i = 0; i < vinLen; ++i) {
                 tx.ins[i].witness = bufferReader.readVector();
             }
+            // was this pointless?
             if (!tx.hasWitnesses())
                 throw new Error('Transaction has superfluous witness data');
         }
-        tx.locktime = bufferReader.readUInt32();
+        tx.locktime = bufferReader.readUInt32LE();
         if (_NO_STRICT)
             return tx;
         if (bufferReader.offset !== buffer.length)
             throw new Error('Transaction has unexpected data');
         return tx;
     }
+    /**
+     * Parse a transaction from a hex string.
+     *
+     * @param hex - The transaction as a hex string
+     * @returns Parsed Transaction instance
+     */
     static fromHex(hex) {
-        return Transaction.fromBuffer(Buffer.from(hex, 'hex'), false);
+        return Transaction.fromBuffer(fromHex(hex), false);
     }
-    static isCoinbaseHash(buffer) {
-        typeforce(types.Hash256bit, buffer);
+    /**
+     * Check if a hash is a coinbase hash (all zeros).
+     *
+     * @param hash - 32-byte hash to check
+     * @returns true if hash is all zeros (coinbase)
+     */
+    static isCoinbaseHash(hash) {
+        if (hash.length !== 32) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected 32-byte hash');
+        }
         for (let i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
-            if (buffer[i] !== 0)
+            if (hash[i] !== 0)
                 return false;
         }
         return true;
@@ -97,21 +139,54 @@ export class Transaction {
     isCoinbase() {
         return this.ins.length === 1 && Transaction.isCoinbaseHash(this.ins[0].hash);
     }
+    /**
+     * Add an input to this transaction.
+     *
+     * @param hash - 32-byte hash of the previous transaction
+     * @param index - Output index in the previous transaction
+     * @param sequence - Sequence number (defaults to 0xffffffff)
+     * @param scriptSig - Input script (defaults to empty)
+     * @returns The index of the newly added input
+     */
     addInput(hash, index, sequence, scriptSig) {
-        typeforce(types.tuple(types.Hash256bit, types.UInt32, types.maybe(types.UInt32), types.maybe(types.Buffer)), [hash, index, sequence, scriptSig]);
-        if (types.Null(sequence)) {
+        if (hash.length !== 32) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected 32-byte hash');
+        }
+        if (!Number.isInteger(index) || index < 0 || index > 0xffffffff) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected unsigned 32-bit integer for index');
+        }
+        if (sequence !== undefined &&
+            sequence !== null &&
+            (!Number.isInteger(sequence) || sequence < 0 || sequence > 0xffffffff)) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected unsigned 32-bit integer for sequence');
+        }
+        if (sequence === undefined || sequence === null) {
             sequence = Transaction.DEFAULT_SEQUENCE;
         }
+        // Add the input and return the input's index
         return (this.ins.push({
             hash,
             index,
-            script: scriptSig || EMPTY_BUFFER,
+            script: scriptSig || EMPTY_BYTES,
             sequence: sequence,
             witness: EMPTY_WITNESS,
         }) - 1);
     }
+    /**
+     * Add an output to this transaction.
+     *
+     * @param scriptPubKey - Output script (locking script)
+     * @param value - Output value in satoshis (bigint)
+     * @returns The index of the newly added output
+     */
     addOutput(scriptPubKey, value) {
-        typeforce(types.tuple(types.Buffer, types.Satoshi), [scriptPubKey, value]);
+        if (!(scriptPubKey instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected Uint8Array for scriptPubKey');
+        }
+        if (typeof value !== 'bigint' || value < 0n || value > 0x7fffffffffffffffn) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected bigint satoshi value (0 to 2^63-1)');
+        }
+        // Add the output and return the output's index
         return (this.outs.push({
             script: scriptPubKey,
             value,
@@ -168,14 +243,33 @@ export class Transaction {
         });
         return newTx;
     }
+    /**
+     * Hash transaction for signing a specific input.
+     *
+     * Bitcoin uses a different hash for each signed transaction input.
+     * This method copies the transaction, makes the necessary changes based on the
+     * hashType, and then hashes the result.
+     * This hash can then be used to sign the provided transaction input.
+     *
+     * @param inIndex - Index of the input being signed
+     * @param prevOutScript - The script of the output being spent
+     * @param hashType - Signature hash type
+     * @returns 32-byte hash for signing
+     */
     hashForSignature(inIndex, prevOutScript, hashType) {
-        typeforce(types.tuple(types.UInt32, types.Buffer, types.Number), [
-            inIndex,
-            prevOutScript,
-            hashType,
-        ]);
+        if (!Number.isInteger(inIndex) || inIndex < 0) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected non-negative integer for inIndex');
+        }
+        if (!(prevOutScript instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected Uint8Array for prevOutScript');
+        }
+        if (!Number.isInteger(hashType)) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected integer for hashType');
+        }
+        // https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/test/sighash_tests.cpp#L29
         if (inIndex >= this.ins.length)
             return ONE;
+        // ignore OP_CODESEPARATOR
         const decompiled = bscript.decompile(prevOutScript);
         if (!decompiled)
             throw new Error('Could not decompile prevOutScript');
@@ -183,44 +277,83 @@ export class Transaction {
             return x !== opcodes.OP_CODESEPARATOR;
         }));
         const txTmp = this.clone();
+        // SIGHASH_NONE: ignore all outputs? (wildcard payee)
         if ((hashType & 0x1f) === Transaction.SIGHASH_NONE) {
             txTmp.outs = [];
+            // ignore sequence numbers (except at inIndex)
             txTmp.ins.forEach((input, i) => {
                 if (i === inIndex)
                     return;
                 input.sequence = 0;
             });
+            // SIGHASH_SINGLE: ignore all outputs, except at the same index?
         }
         else if ((hashType & 0x1f) === Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE) {
+            // https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/test/sighash_tests.cpp#L60
             if (inIndex >= this.outs.length)
                 return ONE;
+            // truncate outputs after
             txTmp.outs.length = inIndex + 1;
+            // "blank" outputs before (value = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, empty script)
             for (let i = 0; i < inIndex; i++) {
-                txTmp.outs[i] = BLANK_OUTPUT;
+                txTmp.outs[i] = {
+                    script: EMPTY_BYTES,
+                    value: BLANK_OUTPUT_VALUE,
+                };
             }
+            // ignore sequence numbers (except at inIndex)
             txTmp.ins.forEach((input, y) => {
                 if (y === inIndex)
                     return;
                 input.sequence = 0;
             });
         }
+        // SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY: ignore inputs entirely?
         if (hashType & Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY) {
             txTmp.ins = [txTmp.ins[inIndex]];
             txTmp.ins[0].script = ourScript;
+            // SIGHASH_ALL: only ignore input scripts
         }
         else {
+            // "blank" others input scripts
             txTmp.ins.forEach((input) => {
-                input.script = EMPTY_BUFFER;
+                input.script = EMPTY_BYTES;
             });
             txTmp.ins[inIndex].script = ourScript;
         }
-        const buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(txTmp.byteLength(false) + 4);
-        buffer.writeInt32LE(hashType, buffer.length - 4);
-        txTmp.__toBuffer(buffer, 0, false);
+        // serialize and hash
+        const buffer = alloc(txTmp.byteLength(false) + 4);
+        const writer = new BinaryWriter(buffer, txTmp.byteLength(false));
+        writer.writeInt32LE(hashType);
+        txTmp.#toBuffer(buffer, 0, false);
         return bcrypto.hash256(buffer);
     }
-    hashForWitnessV1(inIndex, prevOutScripts, values, hashType, leafHash, annex) {
-        typeforce(types.tuple(types.UInt32, typeforce.arrayOf(types.Buffer), typeforce.arrayOf(types.Satoshi), types.UInt32), [inIndex, prevOutScripts, values, hashType]);
+    /**
+     * Hash transaction for signing a Taproot (witness v1) input.
+     *
+     * @param inIndex - Index of the input being signed
+     * @param prevOutScripts - Scripts of all inputs being spent
+     * @param values - Values of all inputs being spent (bigint satoshis)
+     * @param hashType - Signature hash type
+     * @param leafHash - Optional leaf hash for script path spending
+     * @param annex - Optional annex data
+     * @returns 32-byte hash for signing
+     */
+    hashForWitnessV1(inIndex, prevOutScripts, values, hashType, leafHash, annex, taprootCache) {
+        // https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki#common-signature-message
+        if (!Number.isInteger(inIndex) || inIndex < 0 || inIndex > 0xffffffff) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected unsigned 32-bit integer for inIndex');
+        }
+        if (!Array.isArray(prevOutScripts) ||
+            !prevOutScripts.every((s) => s instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected array of Uint8Array for prevOutScripts');
+        }
+        if (!Array.isArray(values) || !values.every((v) => typeof v === 'bigint')) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected array of bigint for values');
+        }
+        if (!Number.isInteger(hashType) || hashType < 0 || hashType > 0xffffffff) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected unsigned 32-bit integer for hashType');
+        }
         if (values.length !== this.ins.length || prevOutScripts.length !== this.ins.length) {
             throw new Error('Must supply prevout script and value for all inputs');
         }
@@ -231,120 +364,215 @@ export class Transaction {
         const isAnyoneCanPay = inputType === Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY;
         const isNone = outputType === Transaction.SIGHASH_NONE;
         const isSingle = outputType === Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE;
-        let hashPrevouts = EMPTY_BUFFER;
-        let hashAmounts = EMPTY_BUFFER;
-        let hashScriptPubKeys = EMPTY_BUFFER;
-        let hashSequences = EMPTY_BUFFER;
-        let hashOutputs = EMPTY_BUFFER;
+        let hashPrevouts = EMPTY_BYTES;
+        let hashAmounts = EMPTY_BYTES;
+        let hashScriptPubKeys = EMPTY_BYTES;
+        let hashSequences = EMPTY_BYTES;
+        let hashOutputs = EMPTY_BYTES;
+        // Use cache if provided (for SIGHASH_ALL, these are identical for all inputs)
         if (!isAnyoneCanPay) {
-            let bufferWriter = BufferWriter.withCapacity(36 * this.ins.length);
-            this.ins.forEach((txIn) => {
-                bufferWriter.writeSlice(txIn.hash);
-                bufferWriter.writeUInt32(txIn.index);
-            });
-            hashPrevouts = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.end());
-            bufferWriter = BufferWriter.withCapacity(8 * this.ins.length);
-            values.forEach((value) => bufferWriter.writeUInt64(value));
-            hashAmounts = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.end());
-            bufferWriter = BufferWriter.withCapacity(prevOutScripts.map(varSliceSize).reduce((a, b) => a + b));
-            prevOutScripts.forEach((prevOutScript) => bufferWriter.writeVarSlice(prevOutScript));
-            hashScriptPubKeys = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.end());
-            bufferWriter = BufferWriter.withCapacity(4 * this.ins.length);
-            this.ins.forEach((txIn) => bufferWriter.writeUInt32(txIn.sequence));
-            hashSequences = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.end());
+            if (taprootCache) {
+                hashPrevouts = taprootCache.hashPrevouts;
+                hashAmounts = taprootCache.hashAmounts;
+                hashScriptPubKeys = taprootCache.hashScriptPubKeys;
+                hashSequences = taprootCache.hashSequences;
+            }
+            else {
+                let bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(36 * this.ins.length);
+                this.ins.forEach((txIn) => {
+                    bufferWriter.writeBytes(txIn.hash);
+                    bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(txIn.index);
+                });
+                hashPrevouts = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish());
+                bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(8 * this.ins.length);
+                values.forEach((value) => bufferWriter.writeUInt64LE(value));
+                hashAmounts = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish());
+                bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(prevOutScripts.map(varSliceSize).reduce((a, b) => a + b));
+                prevOutScripts.forEach((prevOutScript) => bufferWriter.writeVarBytes(prevOutScript));
+                hashScriptPubKeys = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish());
+                bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(4 * this.ins.length);
+                this.ins.forEach((txIn) => bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(txIn.sequence));
+                hashSequences = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish());
+            }
         }
         if (!(isNone || isSingle)) {
-            if (!this.outs.length)
-                throw new Error('Add outputs to the transaction before signing.');
-            const txOutsSize = this.outs
-                .map((output) => 8 + varSliceSize(output.script))
-                .reduce((a, b) => a + b);
-            const bufferWriter = BufferWriter.withCapacity(txOutsSize);
-            this.outs.forEach((out) => {
-                bufferWriter.writeUInt64(out.value);
-                bufferWriter.writeVarSlice(out.script);
-            });
-            hashOutputs = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.end());
+            if (taprootCache) {
+                hashOutputs = taprootCache.hashOutputs;
+            }
+            else {
+                if (!this.outs.length)
+                    throw new Error('Add outputs to the transaction before signing.');
+                const txOutsSize = this.outs
+                    .map((output) => 8 + varSliceSize(output.script))
+                    .reduce((a, b) => a + b);
+                const bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(txOutsSize);
+                this.outs.forEach((out) => {
+                    bufferWriter.writeUInt64LE(out.value);
+                    bufferWriter.writeVarBytes(out.script);
+                });
+                hashOutputs = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish());
+            }
         }
         else if (isSingle && inIndex < this.outs.length) {
             const output = this.outs[inIndex];
-            const bufferWriter = BufferWriter.withCapacity(8 + varSliceSize(output.script));
-            bufferWriter.writeUInt64(output.value);
-            bufferWriter.writeVarSlice(output.script);
-            hashOutputs = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.end());
+            const bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(8 + varSliceSize(output.script));
+            bufferWriter.writeUInt64LE(output.value);
+            bufferWriter.writeVarBytes(output.script);
+            hashOutputs = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish());
         }
         const spendType = (leafHash ? 2 : 0) + (annex ? 1 : 0);
+        // Length calculation from:
+        // https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki#cite_note-14
+        // With extension from:
+        // https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0342.mediawiki#signature-validation
         const sigMsgSize = 174 -
             (isAnyoneCanPay ? 49 : 0) -
             (isNone ? 32 : 0) +
             (annex ? 32 : 0) +
             (leafHash ? 37 : 0);
-        const sigMsgWriter = BufferWriter.withCapacity(sigMsgSize);
+        const sigMsgWriter = new BinaryWriter(sigMsgSize);
         sigMsgWriter.writeUInt8(hashType);
-        sigMsgWriter.writeInt32(this.version);
-        sigMsgWriter.writeUInt32(this.locktime);
-        sigMsgWriter.writeSlice(hashPrevouts);
-        sigMsgWriter.writeSlice(hashAmounts);
-        sigMsgWriter.writeSlice(hashScriptPubKeys);
-        sigMsgWriter.writeSlice(hashSequences);
+        // Transaction
+        sigMsgWriter.writeInt32LE(this.version);
+        sigMsgWriter.writeUInt32LE(this.locktime);
+        sigMsgWriter.writeBytes(hashPrevouts);
+        sigMsgWriter.writeBytes(hashAmounts);
+        sigMsgWriter.writeBytes(hashScriptPubKeys);
+        sigMsgWriter.writeBytes(hashSequences);
         if (!(isNone || isSingle)) {
-            sigMsgWriter.writeSlice(hashOutputs);
+            sigMsgWriter.writeBytes(hashOutputs);
         }
+        // Input
         sigMsgWriter.writeUInt8(spendType);
         if (isAnyoneCanPay) {
             const input = this.ins[inIndex];
-            sigMsgWriter.writeSlice(input.hash);
-            sigMsgWriter.writeUInt32(input.index);
-            sigMsgWriter.writeUInt64(values[inIndex]);
-            sigMsgWriter.writeVarSlice(prevOutScripts[inIndex]);
-            sigMsgWriter.writeUInt32(input.sequence);
+            sigMsgWriter.writeBytes(input.hash);
+            sigMsgWriter.writeUInt32LE(input.index);
+            sigMsgWriter.writeUInt64LE(values[inIndex]);
+            sigMsgWriter.writeVarBytes(prevOutScripts[inIndex]);
+            sigMsgWriter.writeUInt32LE(input.sequence);
         }
         else {
-            sigMsgWriter.writeUInt32(inIndex);
+            sigMsgWriter.writeUInt32LE(inIndex);
         }
         if (annex) {
-            const bufferWriter = BufferWriter.withCapacity(varSliceSize(annex));
-            bufferWriter.writeVarSlice(annex);
-            sigMsgWriter.writeSlice(bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.end()));
+            const bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(varSliceSize(annex));
+            bufferWriter.writeVarBytes(annex);
+            sigMsgWriter.writeBytes(bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish()));
         }
+        // Output
         if (isSingle) {
-            sigMsgWriter.writeSlice(hashOutputs);
+            sigMsgWriter.writeBytes(hashOutputs);
         }
+        // BIP342 extension
         if (leafHash) {
-            sigMsgWriter.writeSlice(leafHash);
+            sigMsgWriter.writeBytes(leafHash);
             sigMsgWriter.writeUInt8(0);
-            sigMsgWriter.writeUInt32(0xffffffff);
+            sigMsgWriter.writeUInt32LE(0xffffffff);
         }
-        return bcrypto.taggedHash('TapSighash', Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([0x00]), sigMsgWriter.end()]));
+        // Extra zero byte because:
+        // https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki#cite_note-19
+        const prefix = new Uint8Array([0x00]);
+        const sigMsg = sigMsgWriter.finish();
+        const combined = new Uint8Array(1 + sigMsg.length);
+        combined.set(prefix);
+        combined.set(sigMsg, 1);
+        return bcrypto.taggedHash('TapSighash', combined);
     }
+    /**
+     * Pre-compute intermediate hashes for Taproot signing.
+     * Call this once before signing multiple inputs to avoid O(n^2) performance.
+     *
+     * @param prevOutScripts - Array of previous output scripts for all inputs
+     * @param values - Array of previous output values for all inputs
+     * @returns Cache object to pass to hashForWitnessV1
+     */
+    getTaprootHashCache(prevOutScripts, values) {
+        // hashPrevouts
+        let bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(36 * this.ins.length);
+        for (const txIn of this.ins) {
+            bufferWriter.writeBytes(txIn.hash);
+            bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(txIn.index);
+        }
+        const hashPrevouts = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish());
+        // hashAmounts
+        bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(8 * values.length);
+        for (const value of values) {
+            bufferWriter.writeUInt64LE(value);
+        }
+        const hashAmounts = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish());
+        // hashScriptPubKeys - compute size without intermediate array
+        let scriptPubKeysSize = 0;
+        for (const script of prevOutScripts) {
+            scriptPubKeysSize += varSliceSize(script);
+        }
+        bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(scriptPubKeysSize);
+        for (const script of prevOutScripts) {
+            bufferWriter.writeVarBytes(script);
+        }
+        const hashScriptPubKeys = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish());
+        // hashSequences
+        bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(4 * this.ins.length);
+        for (const txIn of this.ins) {
+            bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(txIn.sequence);
+        }
+        const hashSequences = bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish());
+        // hashOutputs - compute size without intermediate array
+        let txOutsSize = 0;
+        for (const out of this.outs) {
+            txOutsSize += 8 + varSliceSize(out.script);
+        }
+        bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(txOutsSize);
+        for (const out of this.outs) {
+            bufferWriter.writeUInt64LE(out.value);
+            bufferWriter.writeVarBytes(out.script);
+        }
+        const hashOutputs = this.outs.length ? bcrypto.sha256(bufferWriter.finish()) : ZERO;
+        return { hashPrevouts, hashAmounts, hashScriptPubKeys, hashSequences, hashOutputs };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Hash transaction for signing a SegWit v0 (P2WPKH/P2WSH) input.
+     *
+     * @param inIndex - Index of the input being signed
+     * @param prevOutScript - The script of the output being spent
+     * @param value - Value of the output being spent (bigint satoshis)
+     * @param hashType - Signature hash type
+     * @returns 32-byte hash for signing
+     */
     hashForWitnessV0(inIndex, prevOutScript, value, hashType) {
-        typeforce(types.tuple(types.UInt32, types.Buffer, types.Satoshi, types.UInt32), [
-            inIndex,
-            prevOutScript,
-            value,
-            hashType,
-        ]);
-        let tbuffer = Buffer.from([]);
+        if (!Number.isInteger(inIndex) || inIndex < 0 || inIndex > 0xffffffff) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected unsigned 32-bit integer for inIndex');
+        }
+        if (!(prevOutScript instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected Uint8Array for prevOutScript');
+        }
+        if (typeof value !== 'bigint') {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected bigint for value');
+        }
+        if (!Number.isInteger(hashType) || hashType < 0 || hashType > 0xffffffff) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected unsigned 32-bit integer for hashType');
+        }
+        let tbuffer;
         let bufferWriter;
         let hashOutputs = ZERO;
         let hashPrevouts = ZERO;
         let hashSequence = ZERO;
         if (!(hashType & Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY)) {
-            tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(36 * this.ins.length);
-            bufferWriter = new BufferWriter(tbuffer, 0);
+            tbuffer = alloc(36 * this.ins.length);
+            bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(tbuffer, 0);
             this.ins.forEach((txIn) => {
-                bufferWriter.writeSlice(txIn.hash);
-                bufferWriter.writeUInt32(txIn.index);
+                bufferWriter.writeBytes(txIn.hash);
+                bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(txIn.index);
             });
             hashPrevouts = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer);
         }
         if (!(hashType & Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY) &&
             (hashType & 0x1f) !== Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE &&
             (hashType & 0x1f) !== Transaction.SIGHASH_NONE) {
-            tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 * this.ins.length);
-            bufferWriter = new BufferWriter(tbuffer, 0);
+            tbuffer = alloc(4 * this.ins.length);
+            bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(tbuffer, 0);
             this.ins.forEach((txIn) => {
-                bufferWriter.writeUInt32(txIn.sequence);
+                bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(txIn.sequence);
             });
             hashSequence = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer);
         }
@@ -353,65 +581,120 @@ export class Transaction {
             const txOutsSize = this.outs.reduce((sum, output) => {
                 return sum + 8 + varSliceSize(output.script);
             }, 0);
-            tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(txOutsSize);
-            bufferWriter = new BufferWriter(tbuffer, 0);
+            tbuffer = alloc(txOutsSize);
+            bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(tbuffer, 0);
             this.outs.forEach((out) => {
-                bufferWriter.writeUInt64(out.value);
-                bufferWriter.writeVarSlice(out.script);
+                bufferWriter.writeUInt64LE(out.value);
+                bufferWriter.writeVarBytes(out.script);
             });
             hashOutputs = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer);
         }
         else if ((hashType & 0x1f) === Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE && inIndex < this.outs.length) {
             const output = this.outs[inIndex];
-            tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(8 + varSliceSize(output.script));
-            bufferWriter = new BufferWriter(tbuffer, 0);
-            bufferWriter.writeUInt64(output.value);
-            bufferWriter.writeVarSlice(output.script);
+            tbuffer = alloc(8 + varSliceSize(output.script));
+            bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(tbuffer, 0);
+            bufferWriter.writeUInt64LE(output.value);
+            bufferWriter.writeVarBytes(output.script);
             hashOutputs = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer);
         }
-        tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(156 + varSliceSize(prevOutScript));
-        bufferWriter = new BufferWriter(tbuffer, 0);
+        tbuffer = alloc(156 + varSliceSize(prevOutScript));
+        bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(tbuffer, 0);
         const input = this.ins[inIndex];
-        bufferWriter.writeInt32(this.version);
-        bufferWriter.writeSlice(hashPrevouts);
-        bufferWriter.writeSlice(hashSequence);
-        bufferWriter.writeSlice(input.hash);
-        bufferWriter.writeUInt32(input.index);
-        bufferWriter.writeVarSlice(prevOutScript);
-        bufferWriter.writeUInt64(value);
-        bufferWriter.writeUInt32(input.sequence);
-        bufferWriter.writeSlice(hashOutputs);
-        bufferWriter.writeUInt32(this.locktime);
-        bufferWriter.writeUInt32(hashType);
+        bufferWriter.writeInt32LE(this.version);
+        bufferWriter.writeBytes(hashPrevouts);
+        bufferWriter.writeBytes(hashSequence);
+        bufferWriter.writeBytes(input.hash);
+        bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(input.index);
+        bufferWriter.writeVarBytes(prevOutScript);
+        bufferWriter.writeUInt64LE(value);
+        bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(input.sequence);
+        bufferWriter.writeBytes(hashOutputs);
+        bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(this.locktime);
+        bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(hashType);
         return bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer);
     }
+    /**
+     * Get the transaction hash.
+     *
+     * @param forWitness - If true, include witness data (wtxid)
+     * @returns 32-byte transaction hash
+     */
     getHash(forWitness) {
+        // wtxid for coinbase is always 32 bytes of 0x00
         if (forWitness && this.isCoinbase())
-            return Buffer.alloc(32, 0);
-        return bcrypto.hash256(this.__toBuffer(undefined, undefined, forWitness));
+            return new Uint8Array(32);
+        return bcrypto.hash256(this.#toBuffer(undefined, undefined, forWitness));
     }
+    /**
+     * Get the transaction ID (txid) as a hex string.
+     *
+     * @returns Transaction ID in reversed hex format
+     */
     getId() {
-        return reverseBuffer(this.getHash(false)).toString('hex');
+        // transaction hash's are displayed in reverse order
+        return toHex(reverse(this.getHash(false)));
     }
+    /**
+     * Serialize the transaction to a Uint8Array buffer.
+     *
+     * @param buffer - Optional pre-allocated buffer
+     * @param initialOffset - Optional starting offset in buffer
+     * @returns Serialized transaction bytes
+     */
     toBuffer(buffer, initialOffset) {
-        return this.__toBuffer(buffer, initialOffset, true);
+        return this.#toBuffer(buffer, initialOffset, true);
     }
+    /**
+     * Serialize the transaction to a hex string.
+     *
+     * @returns Transaction as hex string
+     */
     toHex() {
-        return this.toBuffer(undefined, undefined).toString('hex');
+        return toHex(this.toBuffer(undefined, undefined));
     }
+    /**
+     * Set the input script for a specific input.
+     *
+     * @param index - Input index
+     * @param scriptSig - The script to set
+     */
     setInputScript(index, scriptSig) {
-        typeforce(types.tuple(types.Number, types.Buffer), [index, scriptSig]);
+        if (!Number.isInteger(index) || index < 0) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected non-negative integer for index');
+        }
+        if (!(scriptSig instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected Uint8Array for scriptSig');
+        }
         this.ins[index].script = scriptSig;
     }
+    /**
+     * Set the witness data for a specific input.
+     *
+     * @param index - Input index
+     * @param witness - Array of witness elements
+     */
     setWitness(index, witness) {
-        typeforce(types.tuple(types.Number, [types.Buffer]), [index, witness]);
+        if (!Number.isInteger(index) || index < 0) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected non-negative integer for index');
+        }
+        if (!Array.isArray(witness) || !witness.every((w) => w instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+            throw new TypeError('Expected array of Uint8Array for witness');
+        }
         this.ins[index].witness = witness;
     }
-    __toBuffer(buffer, initialOffset, _ALLOW_WITNESS = false) {
+    /**
+     * Internal method to serialize the transaction.
+     *
+     * @param buffer - Optional pre-allocated buffer
+     * @param initialOffset - Optional starting offset
+     * @param _ALLOW_WITNESS - Whether to include witness data
+     * @returns Serialized transaction bytes
+     */
+    #toBuffer(buffer, initialOffset, _ALLOW_WITNESS = false) {
         if (!buffer)
-            buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(this.byteLength(_ALLOW_WITNESS));
-        const bufferWriter = new BufferWriter(buffer, initialOffset || 0);
-        bufferWriter.writeInt32(this.version);
+            buffer = alloc(this.byteLength(_ALLOW_WITNESS));
+        const bufferWriter = new BinaryWriter(buffer, initialOffset || 0);
+        bufferWriter.writeInt32LE(this.version);
         const hasWitnesses = _ALLOW_WITNESS && this.hasWitnesses();
         if (hasWitnesses) {
             bufferWriter.writeUInt8(Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_MARKER);
@@ -419,42 +702,26 @@ export class Transaction {
         }
         bufferWriter.writeVarInt(this.ins.length);
         this.ins.forEach((txIn) => {
-            bufferWriter.writeSlice(txIn.hash);
-            bufferWriter.writeUInt32(txIn.index);
-            bufferWriter.writeVarSlice(txIn.script);
-            bufferWriter.writeUInt32(txIn.sequence);
+            bufferWriter.writeBytes(txIn.hash);
+            bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(txIn.index);
+            bufferWriter.writeVarBytes(txIn.script);
+            bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(txIn.sequence);
         });
         bufferWriter.writeVarInt(this.outs.length);
         this.outs.forEach((txOut) => {
-            if (isOutput(txOut)) {
-                bufferWriter.writeUInt64(txOut.value);
-            }
-            else {
-                bufferWriter.writeSlice(txOut.valueBuffer);
-            }
-            bufferWriter.writeVarSlice(txOut.script);
+            bufferWriter.writeUInt64LE(txOut.value);
+            bufferWriter.writeVarBytes(txOut.script);
         });
         if (hasWitnesses) {
             this.ins.forEach((input) => {
                 bufferWriter.writeVector(input.witness);
             });
         }
-        bufferWriter.writeUInt32(this.locktime);
+        bufferWriter.writeUInt32LE(this.locktime);
+        // avoid slicing unless necessary
         if (initialOffset !== undefined)
             return buffer.subarray(initialOffset, bufferWriter.offset);
         return buffer;
     }
 }
-Transaction.DEFAULT_SEQUENCE = 0xffffffff;
-Transaction.SIGHASH_DEFAULT = 0x00;
-Transaction.SIGHASH_ALL = 0x01;
-Transaction.SIGHASH_NONE = 0x02;
-Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE = 0x03;
-Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY = 0x80;
-Transaction.SIGHASH_OUTPUT_MASK = 0x03;
-Transaction.SIGHASH_INPUT_MASK = 0x80;
-Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_MARKER = 0x00;
-Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_FLAG = 0x01;
-Transaction.TRUC_VERSION = 3;
-Transaction.TRUC_MAX_VSIZE = 10000;
-Transaction.TRUC_CHILD_MAX_VSIZE = 1000;
+//# sourceMappingURL=transaction.js.map