@browserbasehq/orca 3.0.9-alpha-3 → 3.1.0-patch.0

package/dist/esm/lib/v3/v3.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1572 @@
+var __runInitializers = (this && this.__runInitializers) || function (thisArg, initializers, value) {
+    var useValue = arguments.length > 2;
+    for (var i = 0; i < initializers.length; i++) {
+        value = useValue ? initializers[i].call(thisArg, value) : initializers[i].call(thisArg);
+    }
+    return useValue ? value : void 0;
+};
+var __esDecorate = (this && this.__esDecorate) || function (ctor, descriptorIn, decorators, contextIn, initializers, extraInitializers) {
+    function accept(f) { if (f !== void 0 && typeof f !== "function") throw new TypeError("Function expected"); return f; }
+    var kind = contextIn.kind, key = kind === "getter" ? "get" : kind === "setter" ? "set" : "value";
+    var target = !descriptorIn && ctor ? contextIn["static"] ? ctor : ctor.prototype : null;
+    var descriptor = descriptorIn || (target ? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, contextIn.name) : {});
+    var _, done = false;
+    for (var i = decorators.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        var context = {};
+        for (var p in contextIn) context[p] = p === "access" ? {} : contextIn[p];
+        for (var p in contextIn.access) context.access[p] = contextIn.access[p];
+        context.addInitializer = function (f) { if (done) throw new TypeError("Cannot add initializers after decoration has completed"); extraInitializers.push(accept(f || null)); };
+        var result = (0, decorators[i])(kind === "accessor" ? { get: descriptor.get, set: descriptor.set } : descriptor[key], context);
+        if (kind === "accessor") {
+            if (result === void 0) continue;
+            if (result === null || typeof result !== "object") throw new TypeError("Object expected");
+            if (_ = accept(result.get)) descriptor.get = _;
+            if (_ = accept(result.set)) descriptor.set = _;
+            if (_ = accept(result.init)) initializers.unshift(_);
+        }
+        else if (_ = accept(result)) {
+            if (kind === "field") initializers.unshift(_);
+            else descriptor[key] = _;
+        }
+    }
+    if (target) Object.defineProperty(target, contextIn.name, descriptor);
+    done = true;
+};
+import { EventEmitter } from "events";
+import fs from "fs";
+import os from "os";
+import path from "path";
+import process from "process";
+import { v7 as uuidv7 } from "uuid";
+import { toJsonSchema, } from "./zodCompat.js";
+import { loadApiKeyFromEnv } from "../utils.js";
+import { extractModelName } from "../modelUtils.js";
+import { StagehandLogger } from "../logger.js";
+import { ActCache } from "./cache/ActCache.js";
+import { AgentCache } from "./cache/AgentCache.js";
+import { CacheStorage } from "./cache/CacheStorage.js";
+import { ActHandler } from "./handlers/actHandler.js";
+import { ExtractHandler } from "./handlers/extractHandler.js";
+import { ObserveHandler } from "./handlers/observeHandler.js";
+import { V3AgentHandler } from "./handlers/v3AgentHandler.js";
+import { V3CuaAgentHandler } from "./handlers/v3CuaAgentHandler.js";
+import { createBrowserbaseSession } from "./launch/browserbase.js";
+import { launchLocalChrome } from "./launch/local.js";
+import { LLMProvider } from "./llm/LLMProvider.js";
+import { bindInstanceLogger, unbindInstanceLogger, withInstanceLogContext, } from "./logger.js";
+import { cleanupLocalBrowser } from "./shutdown/cleanupLocal.js";
+import { startShutdownSupervisor } from "./shutdown/supervisorClient.js";
+import { resolveTools } from "./mcp/utils.js";
+import { AVAILABLE_CUA_MODELS, defaultExtractSchema, V3FunctionName, CuaModelRequiredError, StagehandInvalidArgumentError, StagehandNotInitializedError, MissingEnvironmentVariableError, StagehandInitError, } from "./types/public/index.js";
+import { V3Context } from "./understudy/context.js";
+import { resolveModel } from "../modelUtils.js";
+import { StagehandAPIClient } from "./api.js";
+import { validateExperimentalFeatures } from "./agent/utils/validateExperimentalFeatures.js";
+import { SessionFileLogger, logStagehandStep } from "./flowLogger.js";
+import { createTimeoutGuard } from "./handlers/handlerUtils/timeoutGuard.js";
+import { ActTimeoutError } from "./types/public/sdkErrors.js";
+const DEFAULT_MODEL_NAME = "openai/gpt-4.1-mini";
+const DEFAULT_VIEWPORT = { width: 1288, height: 711 };
+function resolveModelConfiguration(model) {
+    if (!model) {
+        return { modelName: DEFAULT_MODEL_NAME };
+    }
+    if (typeof model === "string") {
+        return { modelName: model };
+    }
+    if (model && typeof model === "object") {
+        const { modelName, ...clientOptions } = model;
+        if (!modelName) {
+            throw new StagehandInvalidArgumentError("model.modelName is required when providing client options.");
+        }
+        return {
+            modelName,
+            clientOptions: clientOptions,
+        };
+    }
+    return { modelName: DEFAULT_MODEL_NAME };
+}
+/**
+ * V3
+ *
+ * Purpose:
+ * A high-level orchestrator for Stagehand V3. Abstracts away whether the browser
+ * runs **locally via Chrome** or remotely on **Browserbase**, and exposes simple
+ * entrypoints (`act`, `extract`, `observe`) that delegate to the corresponding
+ * handler classes.
+ *
+ * Responsibilities:
+ * - Bootstraps Chrome or Browserbase, ensures a working CDP WebSocket, and builds a `V3Context`.
+ * - Manages lifecycle: init, context access, cleanup.
+ * - Bridges external page objects (Playwright/Puppeteer) into internal frameIds for handlers.
+ * - Provides a stable API surface for downstream code regardless of runtime environment.
+ */
+let V3 = (() => {
+    let _instanceExtraInitializers = [];
+    let _act_decorators;
+    let _extract_decorators;
+    let _observe_decorators;
+    return class V3 {
+        static {
+            const _metadata = typeof Symbol === "function" && Symbol.metadata ? Object.create(null) : void 0;
+            _act_decorators = [logStagehandStep("Stagehand.act", "ACT")];
+            _extract_decorators = [logStagehandStep("Stagehand.extract", "EXTRACT")];
+            _observe_decorators = [logStagehandStep("Stagehand.observe", "OBSERVE")];
+            __esDecorate(this, null, _act_decorators, { kind: "method", name: "act", static: false, private: false, access: { has: obj => "act" in obj, get: obj => obj.act }, metadata: _metadata }, null, _instanceExtraInitializers);
+            __esDecorate(this, null, _extract_decorators, { kind: "method", name: "extract", static: false, private: false, access: { has: obj => "extract" in obj, get: obj => obj.extract }, metadata: _metadata }, null, _instanceExtraInitializers);
+            __esDecorate(this, null, _observe_decorators, { kind: "method", name: "observe", static: false, private: false, access: { has: obj => "observe" in obj, get: obj => obj.observe }, metadata: _metadata }, null, _instanceExtraInitializers);
+            if (_metadata) Object.defineProperty(this, Symbol.metadata, { enumerable: true, configurable: true, writable: true, value: _metadata });
+        }
+        opts = __runInitializers(this, _instanceExtraInitializers);
+        state = { kind: "UNINITIALIZED" };
+        actHandler = null;
+        extractHandler = null;
+        observeHandler = null;
+        ctx = null;
+        llmClient;
+        /**
+         * Event bus for internal communication.
+         * Emits events like 'screenshot' when screenshots are captured during agent execution.
+         */
+        bus = new EventEmitter();
+        modelName;
+        modelClientOptions;
+        llmProvider;
+        overrideLlmClients = new Map();
+        domSettleTimeoutMs;
+        _isClosing = false;
+        browserbaseSessionId;
+        browserbaseSessionUrl;
+        browserbaseDebugUrl;
+        get browserbaseSessionID() {
+            return this.browserbaseSessionId;
+        }
+        get browserbaseSessionURL() {
+            return this.browserbaseSessionUrl;
+        }
+        get browserbaseDebugURL() {
+            return this.browserbaseDebugUrl;
+        }
+        /**
+         * Returns true if the browser is running on Browserbase.
+         */
+        get isBrowserbase() {
+            return this.state.kind === "BROWSERBASE";
+        }
+        /**
+         * Returns true if advancedStealth is enabled in Browserbase settings.
+         */
+        get isAdvancedStealth() {
+            return (this.opts.browserbaseSessionCreateParams?.browserSettings
+                ?.advancedStealth === true);
+        }
+        /**
+         * Returns the configured viewport dimensions from launch options.
+         * Falls back to default 1288x711 if not configured.
+         */
+        get configuredViewport() {
+            const defaultWidth = 1288;
+            const defaultHeight = 711;
+            if (this.opts.env === "BROWSERBASE") {
+                const vp = this.opts.browserbaseSessionCreateParams?.browserSettings?.viewport;
+                return {
+                    width: vp?.width ?? defaultWidth,
+                    height: vp?.height ?? defaultHeight,
+                };
+            }
+            // LOCAL env
+            const vp = this.opts.localBrowserLaunchOptions?.viewport;
+            return {
+                width: vp?.width ?? defaultWidth,
+                height: vp?.height ?? defaultHeight,
+            };
+        }
+        _onCdpClosed = (why) => {
+            if (this.state.kind === "BROWSERBASE") {
+                void this._logBrowserbaseSessionStatus();
+            }
+            // Single place to react to the transport closing
+            this._immediateShutdown(`CDP transport closed: ${why}`).catch(() => { });
+        };
+        experimental = false;
+        logInferenceToFile = false;
+        disableAPI = false;
+        externalLogger;
+        verbose = 1;
+        stagehandLogger;
+        _history = [];
+        instanceId;
+        static _processGuardsInstalled = false;
+        static _instances = new Set();
+        cacheStorage;
+        actCache;
+        agentCache;
+        apiClient = null;
+        keepAlive;
+        shutdownSupervisor = null;
+        stagehandMetrics = {
+            actPromptTokens: 0,
+            actCompletionTokens: 0,
+            actReasoningTokens: 0,
+            actCachedInputTokens: 0,
+            actInferenceTimeMs: 0,
+            extractPromptTokens: 0,
+            extractCompletionTokens: 0,
+            extractReasoningTokens: 0,
+            extractCachedInputTokens: 0,
+            extractInferenceTimeMs: 0,
+            observePromptTokens: 0,
+            observeCompletionTokens: 0,
+            observeReasoningTokens: 0,
+            observeCachedInputTokens: 0,
+            observeInferenceTimeMs: 0,
+            agentPromptTokens: 0,
+            agentCompletionTokens: 0,
+            agentReasoningTokens: 0,
+            agentCachedInputTokens: 0,
+            agentInferenceTimeMs: 0,
+            totalPromptTokens: 0,
+            totalCompletionTokens: 0,
+            totalReasoningTokens: 0,
+            totalCachedInputTokens: 0,
+            totalInferenceTimeMs: 0,
+        };
+        constructor(opts) {
+            this.externalLogger = opts.logger;
+            this.verbose = opts.verbose ?? 1;
+            this.instanceId = uuidv7();
+            this.keepAlive =
+                opts.keepAlive ?? opts.browserbaseSessionCreateParams?.keepAlive;
+            // Create per-instance StagehandLogger (handles usePino, verbose, externalLogger)
+            // This gives each V3 instance independent logger configuration
+            // while still sharing the underlying Pino worker thread via StagehandLogger.sharedPinoLogger
+            const loggerOptions = {
+                pretty: true,
+                level: "info", // Most permissive - filtering happens at instance level
+            };
+            if (opts.disablePino !== undefined) {
+                loggerOptions.usePino = !opts.disablePino;
+            }
+            this.stagehandLogger = new StagehandLogger(loggerOptions, opts.logger);
+            this.stagehandLogger.setVerbosity(this.verbose);
+            // Also bind to AsyncLocalStorage for v3Logger() calls from handlers
+            // This maintains backward compatibility with code that uses v3Logger() directly
+            try {
+                if (this.externalLogger) {
+                    // Use external logger directly when provided
+                    bindInstanceLogger(this.instanceId, this.externalLogger);
+                }
+                else {
+                    // Fall back to stagehandLogger when no external logger
+                    bindInstanceLogger(this.instanceId, (line) => {
+                        this.stagehandLogger.log(line);
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            catch {
+                // ignore
+            }
+            const { modelName, clientOptions } = resolveModelConfiguration(opts.model);
+            this.modelName = modelName;
+            this.experimental = opts.experimental ?? false;
+            this.logInferenceToFile = opts.logInferenceToFile ?? false;
+            this.llmProvider = new LLMProvider(this.logger);
+            this.domSettleTimeoutMs = opts.domSettleTimeout;
+            this.disableAPI = opts.disableAPI ?? false;
+            const baseClientOptions = clientOptions
+                ? { ...clientOptions }
+                : {};
+            if (opts.llmClient) {
+                this.llmClient = opts.llmClient;
+                this.modelClientOptions = baseClientOptions;
+                this.disableAPI = true;
+            }
+            else {
+                // Ensure API key is set
+                let apiKey = baseClientOptions.apiKey;
+                if (!apiKey) {
+                    try {
+                        apiKey = loadApiKeyFromEnv(this.modelName.split("/")[0], // "openai", "anthropic", etc
+                        this.logger);
+                    }
+                    catch (error) {
+                        this.logger({
+                            category: "init",
+                            message: `Error loading API key for model ${this.modelName}: ${error}. Continuing without LLM client.`,
+                            level: 0,
+                        });
+                        throw error;
+                    }
+                }
+                this.modelClientOptions = {
+                    ...baseClientOptions,
+                    apiKey,
+                };
+                // Get the default client for this model
+                this.llmClient = this.llmProvider.getClient(this.modelName, this.modelClientOptions, { experimental: this.experimental, disableAPI: this.disableAPI });
+            }
+            this.cacheStorage = CacheStorage.create(opts.cacheDir, this.logger, {
+                label: "cache directory",
+            });
+            this.actCache = new ActCache({
+                storage: this.cacheStorage,
+                logger: this.logger,
+                getActHandler: () => this.actHandler,
+                getDefaultLlmClient: () => this.resolveLlmClient(),
+                domSettleTimeoutMs: this.domSettleTimeoutMs,
+            });
+            this.agentCache = new AgentCache({
+                storage: this.cacheStorage,
+                logger: this.logger,
+                getActHandler: () => this.actHandler,
+                getContext: () => this.ctx,
+                getDefaultLlmClient: () => this.resolveLlmClient(),
+                getBaseModelName: () => this.modelName,
+                getSystemPrompt: () => opts.systemPrompt,
+                domSettleTimeoutMs: this.domSettleTimeoutMs,
+                act: this.act.bind(this),
+            });
+            this.opts = opts;
+            // Initialize session file logger
+            SessionFileLogger.init(this.instanceId, opts);
+            // Track instance for global process guard handling
+            V3._instances.add(this);
+        }
+        /**
+         * Async property for metrics so callers can `await v3.metrics`.
+         * When using API mode, fetches metrics from the API. Otherwise returns local metrics.
+         */
+        get metrics() {
+            if (this.apiClient) {
+                // Fetch metrics from the API
+                return this.apiClient.getReplayMetrics().catch((error) => {
+                    this.logger({
+                        category: "metrics",
+                        message: `Failed to fetch metrics from API: ${error}`,
+                        level: 0,
+                    });
+                    // Fall back to local metrics on error
+                    return this.stagehandMetrics;
+                });
+            }
+            // Return local metrics wrapped in a Promise for consistency
+            return Promise.resolve(this.stagehandMetrics);
+        }
+        resolveLlmClient(model) {
+            if (!model) {
+                return this.llmClient;
+            }
+            let modelName;
+            let clientOptions;
+            if (typeof model === "string") {
+                modelName = model;
+            }
+            else {
+                const { modelName: overrideModelName, ...rest } = model;
+                modelName = overrideModelName;
+                clientOptions = rest;
+            }
+            if (modelName === this.modelName &&
+                (!clientOptions || Object.keys(clientOptions).length === 0)) {
+                return this.llmClient;
+            }
+            const overrideProvider = String(modelName).split("/")[0];
+            const baseProvider = String(this.modelName).split("/")[0];
+            const mergedOptions = {
+                ...(overrideProvider === baseProvider ? this.modelClientOptions : {}),
+                ...(clientOptions ?? {}),
+            };
+            const providerKey = overrideProvider;
+            if (!mergedOptions.apiKey) {
+                const apiKey = loadApiKeyFromEnv(providerKey, this.logger);
+                if (apiKey) {
+                    mergedOptions.apiKey = apiKey;
+                }
+            }
+            const cacheKey = JSON.stringify({
+                modelName,
+                clientOptions: mergedOptions,
+            });
+            const cached = this.overrideLlmClients.get(cacheKey);
+            if (cached) {
+                return cached;
+            }
+            const client = this.llmProvider.getClient(modelName, mergedOptions, { experimental: this.experimental, disableAPI: this.disableAPI });
+            this.overrideLlmClients.set(cacheKey, client);
+            return client;
+        }
+        beginAgentReplayRecording() {
+            this.agentCache.beginRecording();
+        }
+        endAgentReplayRecording() {
+            return this.agentCache.endRecording();
+        }
+        discardAgentReplayRecording() {
+            this.agentCache.discardRecording();
+        }
+        isAgentReplayRecording() {
+            return this.agentCache.isRecording();
+        }
+        isAgentReplayActive() {
+            return this.agentCache.isReplayActive();
+        }
+        recordAgentReplayStep(step) {
+            this.agentCache.recordStep(step);
+        }
+        /**
+         * Async property for history so callers can `await v3.history`.
+         * Returns a frozen copy to avoid external mutation.
+         */
+        get history() {
+            return Promise.resolve(Object.freeze([...this._history]));
+        }
+        addToHistory(method, parameters, result) {
+            this._history.push({
+                method,
+                parameters,
+                result: result ?? null,
+                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+            });
+        }
+        updateMetrics(functionName, promptTokens, completionTokens, reasoningTokens, cachedInputTokens, inferenceTimeMs) {
+            switch (functionName) {
+                case V3FunctionName.ACT:
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.actPromptTokens += promptTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.actCompletionTokens += completionTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.actReasoningTokens += reasoningTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.actCachedInputTokens += cachedInputTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.actInferenceTimeMs += inferenceTimeMs;
+                    break;
+                case V3FunctionName.EXTRACT:
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.extractPromptTokens += promptTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.extractCompletionTokens += completionTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.extractReasoningTokens += reasoningTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.extractCachedInputTokens += cachedInputTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.extractInferenceTimeMs += inferenceTimeMs;
+                    break;
+                case V3FunctionName.OBSERVE:
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.observePromptTokens += promptTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.observeCompletionTokens += completionTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.observeReasoningTokens += reasoningTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.observeCachedInputTokens += cachedInputTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.observeInferenceTimeMs += inferenceTimeMs;
+                    break;
+                case V3FunctionName.AGENT:
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.agentPromptTokens += promptTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.agentCompletionTokens += completionTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.agentReasoningTokens += reasoningTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.agentCachedInputTokens += cachedInputTokens;
+                    this.stagehandMetrics.agentInferenceTimeMs += inferenceTimeMs;
+                    break;
+            }
+            this.updateTotalMetrics(promptTokens, completionTokens, reasoningTokens, cachedInputTokens, inferenceTimeMs);
+        }
+        updateTotalMetrics(promptTokens, completionTokens, reasoningTokens, cachedInputTokens, inferenceTimeMs) {
+            this.stagehandMetrics.totalPromptTokens += promptTokens;
+            this.stagehandMetrics.totalCompletionTokens += completionTokens;
+            this.stagehandMetrics.totalReasoningTokens += reasoningTokens;
+            this.stagehandMetrics.totalCachedInputTokens += cachedInputTokens;
+            this.stagehandMetrics.totalInferenceTimeMs += inferenceTimeMs;
+        }
+        async _immediateShutdown(reason) {
+            try {
+                this.logger({
+                    category: "v3",
+                    message: `initiating shutdown → ${reason}`,
+                    level: 0,
+                });
+            }
+            catch {
+                //
+            }
+            try {
+                this.logger({
+                    category: "v3",
+                    message: `closing resources → ${reason}`,
+                    level: 0,
+                });
+                await this.close({ force: true });
+            }
+            catch {
+                // swallow — already shutting down
+            }
+        }
+        /** Spawn a crash-only supervisor that cleans up when this process dies. */
+        startShutdownSupervisor(config) {
+            if (this.shutdownSupervisor)
+                return this.shutdownSupervisor;
+            this.shutdownSupervisor = startShutdownSupervisor(config, {
+                onError: (error, context) => {
+                    try {
+                        this.logger({
+                            category: "v3",
+                            message: "Shutdown supervisor unavailable; crash cleanup disabled. " +
+                                "If this process exits unexpectedly, local Chrome or Browserbase " +
+                                "sessions may remain running even with keepAlive=false.",
+                            level: 0,
+                            auxiliary: {
+                                context: { value: context, type: "string" },
+                                error: { value: error.message, type: "string" },
+                            },
+                        });
+                    }
+                    catch {
+                        // ignore logging failures
+                    }
+                },
+            });
+            return this.shutdownSupervisor;
+        }
+        /** Stop the supervisor during a normal shutdown. */
+        stopShutdownSupervisor() {
+            if (!this.shutdownSupervisor)
+                return;
+            try {
+                this.shutdownSupervisor.stop();
+            }
+            catch {
+                // best-effort
+            }
+            this.shutdownSupervisor = null;
+        }
+        /**
+         * Entrypoint: initializes handlers, launches Chrome or Browserbase,
+         * and sets up a CDP context.
+         */
+        async init() {
+            try {
+                return await withInstanceLogContext(this.instanceId, async () => {
+                    this.actHandler = new ActHandler(this.llmClient, this.modelName, this.modelClientOptions, (model) => this.resolveLlmClient(model), this.opts.systemPrompt ?? "", this.logInferenceToFile, this.opts.selfHeal ?? true, (functionName, promptTokens, completionTokens, reasoningTokens, cachedInputTokens, inferenceTimeMs) => this.updateMetrics(functionName, promptTokens, completionTokens, reasoningTokens, cachedInputTokens, inferenceTimeMs), this.domSettleTimeoutMs);
+                    this.extractHandler = new ExtractHandler(this.llmClient, this.modelName, this.modelClientOptions, (model) => this.resolveLlmClient(model), this.opts.systemPrompt ?? "", this.logInferenceToFile, this.experimental, (functionName, promptTokens, completionTokens, reasoningTokens, cachedInputTokens, inferenceTimeMs) => this.updateMetrics(functionName, promptTokens, completionTokens, reasoningTokens, cachedInputTokens, inferenceTimeMs));
+                    this.observeHandler = new ObserveHandler(this.llmClient, this.modelName, this.modelClientOptions, (model) => this.resolveLlmClient(model), this.opts.systemPrompt ?? "", this.logInferenceToFile, this.experimental, (functionName, promptTokens, completionTokens, reasoningTokens, cachedInputTokens, inferenceTimeMs) => this.updateMetrics(functionName, promptTokens, completionTokens, reasoningTokens, cachedInputTokens, inferenceTimeMs));
+                    if (this.opts.env === "LOCAL") {
+                        // chrome-launcher conditionally adds --headless when the environment variable
+                        // HEADLESS is set, without parsing its value.
+                        // if it is not equal to true, then we delete it from the process
+                        const envHeadless = process.env.HEADLESS;
+                        if (envHeadless !== undefined) {
+                            const normalized = envHeadless.trim().toLowerCase();
+                            if (normalized !== "true") {
+                                delete process.env.HEADLESS;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        const lbo = this.opts.localBrowserLaunchOptions ?? {};
+                        // If a CDP URL is provided, attach instead of launching.
+                        if (lbo.cdpUrl) {
+                            this.logger({
+                                category: "init",
+                                message: "Connecting to local browser",
+                                level: 1,
+                            });
+                            this.ctx = await V3Context.create(lbo.cdpUrl, {
+                                env: "LOCAL",
+                            });
+                            const logCtx = SessionFileLogger.getContext();
+                            this.ctx.conn.cdpLogger = (info) => SessionFileLogger.logCdpCallEvent(info, logCtx);
+                            this.ctx.conn.cdpEventLogger = (info) => SessionFileLogger.logCdpMessageEvent(info, logCtx);
+                            this.ctx.conn.onTransportClosed(this._onCdpClosed);
+                            this.state = {
+                                kind: "LOCAL",
+                                // no LaunchedChrome when attaching externally; create a stub kill
+                                chrome: {
+                                    kill: async () => { },
+                                },
+                                ws: lbo.cdpUrl,
+                            };
+                            this.resetBrowserbaseSessionMetadata();
+                            // Post-connect settings (downloads and viewport) if provided
+                            await this._applyPostConnectLocalOptions(lbo);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        this.logger({
+                            category: "init",
+                            message: "Launching local browser",
+                            level: 1,
+                        });
+                        // Determine or create user data dir
+                        let userDataDir = lbo.userDataDir;
+                        let createdTemp = false;
+                        if (!userDataDir) {
+                            const base = path.join(os.tmpdir(), "stagehand-v3");
+                            fs.mkdirSync(base, { recursive: true });
+                            userDataDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(base, "profile-"));
+                            createdTemp = true;
+                        }
+                        // Build chrome flags
+                        const defaults = [
+                            "--remote-allow-origins=*",
+                            "--no-first-run",
+                            "--no-default-browser-check",
+                            "--disable-dev-shm-usage",
+                            "--site-per-process",
+                        ];
+                        let chromeFlags = [];
+                        const ignore = lbo.ignoreDefaultArgs;
+                        if (ignore === true) {
+                            // drop defaults
+                            chromeFlags = [];
+                        }
+                        else if (Array.isArray(ignore)) {
+                            chromeFlags = defaults.filter((f) => !ignore.some((ex) => f.includes(ex)));
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            chromeFlags = [...defaults];
+                        }
+                        // headless handled by launchLocalChrome
+                        if (lbo.devtools)
+                            chromeFlags.push("--auto-open-devtools-for-tabs");
+                        if (lbo.locale)
+                            chromeFlags.push(`--lang=${lbo.locale}`);
+                        if (!lbo.viewport) {
+                            lbo.viewport = DEFAULT_VIEWPORT;
+                        }
+                        if (lbo.viewport?.width && lbo.viewport?.height) {
+                            chromeFlags.push(`--window-size=${lbo.viewport.width},${lbo.viewport.height + 87}`);
+                        }
+                        if (typeof lbo.deviceScaleFactor === "number") {
+                            chromeFlags.push(`--force-device-scale-factor=${Math.max(0.1, lbo.deviceScaleFactor)}`);
+                        }
+                        if (lbo.hasTouch)
+                            chromeFlags.push("--touch-events=enabled");
+                        if (lbo.ignoreHTTPSErrors)
+                            chromeFlags.push("--ignore-certificate-errors");
+                        if (lbo.proxy?.server)
+                            chromeFlags.push(`--proxy-server=${lbo.proxy.server}`);
+                        if (lbo.proxy?.bypass)
+                            chromeFlags.push(`--proxy-bypass-list=${lbo.proxy.bypass}`);
+                        // add user-supplied args last
+                        if (Array.isArray(lbo.args))
+                            chromeFlags.push(...lbo.args);
+                        const keepAlive = this.keepAlive === true;
+                        const { ws, chrome } = await launchLocalChrome({
+                            chromePath: lbo.executablePath,
+                            chromeFlags,
+                            port: lbo.port,
+                            headless: lbo.headless,
+                            userDataDir,
+                            connectTimeoutMs: lbo.connectTimeoutMs,
+                            handleSIGINT: !keepAlive,
+                        });
+                        if (keepAlive) {
+                            try {
+                                chrome.process?.unref?.();
+                            }
+                            catch {
+                                // best-effort: avoid keeping the event loop alive
+                            }
+                        }
+                        this.ctx = await V3Context.create(ws, {
+                            env: "LOCAL",
+                            localBrowserLaunchOptions: lbo,
+                        });
+                        const logCtx = SessionFileLogger.getContext();
+                        this.ctx.conn.cdpLogger = (info) => SessionFileLogger.logCdpCallEvent(info, logCtx);
+                        this.ctx.conn.cdpEventLogger = (info) => SessionFileLogger.logCdpMessageEvent(info, logCtx);
+                        this.ctx.conn.onTransportClosed(this._onCdpClosed);
+                        this.state = {
+                            kind: "LOCAL",
+                            chrome,
+                            ws,
+                            userDataDir,
+                            createdTempProfile: createdTemp,
+                            preserveUserDataDir: !!lbo.preserveUserDataDir,
+                        };
+                        this.resetBrowserbaseSessionMetadata();
+                        const chromePid = chrome.process?.pid ?? chrome.pid;
+                        if (!keepAlive && chromePid) {
+                            const supervisor = this.startShutdownSupervisor({
+                                kind: "LOCAL",
+                                keepAlive: false,
+                                pid: chromePid,
+                                userDataDir,
+                                createdTempProfile: createdTemp,
+                                preserveUserDataDir: !!lbo.preserveUserDataDir,
+                            });
+                            await supervisor?.ready;
+                        }
+                        // Post-connect settings (downloads and viewport) if provided
+                        await this._applyPostConnectLocalOptions(lbo);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    if (this.opts.env === "BROWSERBASE") {
+                        const { apiKey, projectId } = this.requireBrowserbaseCreds();
+                        if (!apiKey || !projectId) {
+                            throw new MissingEnvironmentVariableError("BROWSERBASE_API_KEY and BROWSERBASE_PROJECT_ID", "Browserbase environment");
+                        }
+                        this.logger({
+                            category: "init",
+                            message: "Starting browserbase session",
+                            level: 1,
+                        });
+                        const baseSessionParams = this.opts.browserbaseSessionCreateParams ?? {};
+                        const resolvedKeepAlive = this.keepAlive;
+                        const keepAlive = this.keepAlive === true;
+                        const effectiveSessionParams = resolvedKeepAlive !== undefined
+                            ? { ...baseSessionParams, keepAlive: resolvedKeepAlive }
+                            : baseSessionParams;
+                        if (!this.disableAPI && !this.experimental) {
+                            this.apiClient = new StagehandAPIClient({
+                                apiKey,
+                                projectId,
+                                logger: this.logger,
+                            });
+                            const createSessionPayload = {
+                                projectId: effectiveSessionParams.projectId ?? projectId,
+                                ...effectiveSessionParams,
+                                browserSettings: {
+                                    ...(effectiveSessionParams.browserSettings ?? {}),
+                                    viewport: effectiveSessionParams.browserSettings?.viewport ?? {
+                                        width: 1288,
+                                        height: 711,
+                                    },
+                                },
+                                userMetadata: {
+                                    ...(effectiveSessionParams.userMetadata ?? {}),
+                                    stagehand: "true",
+                                },
+                            };
+                            const { sessionId, available } = await this.apiClient.init({
+                                modelName: this.modelName,
+                                modelApiKey: this.modelClientOptions.apiKey,
+                                domSettleTimeoutMs: this.domSettleTimeoutMs,
+                                verbose: this.verbose,
+                                systemPrompt: this.opts.systemPrompt,
+                                selfHeal: this.opts.selfHeal,
+                                browserbaseSessionCreateParams: createSessionPayload,
+                                browserbaseSessionID: this.opts.browserbaseSessionID,
+                            });
+                            if (!available) {
+                                this.apiClient = null;
+                            }
+                            this.opts.browserbaseSessionID = sessionId;
+                        }
+                        const { ws, sessionId, bb } = await createBrowserbaseSession(apiKey, projectId, effectiveSessionParams, this.opts.browserbaseSessionID);
+                        this.ctx = await V3Context.create(ws, {
+                            env: "BROWSERBASE",
+                            apiClient: this.apiClient,
+                        });
+                        const logCtx = SessionFileLogger.getContext();
+                        this.ctx.conn.cdpLogger = (info) => SessionFileLogger.logCdpCallEvent(info, logCtx);
+                        this.ctx.conn.cdpEventLogger = (info) => SessionFileLogger.logCdpMessageEvent(info, logCtx);
+                        this.ctx.conn.onTransportClosed(this._onCdpClosed);
+                        this.state = { kind: "BROWSERBASE", sessionId, ws, bb };
+                        this.browserbaseSessionId = sessionId;
+                        if (!keepAlive && !this.disableAPI) {
+                            const supervisor = this.startShutdownSupervisor({
+                                kind: "STAGEHAND_API",
+                                keepAlive: false,
+                                sessionId,
+                                apiKey,
+                                projectId,
+                            });
+                            await supervisor?.ready;
+                        }
+                        await this._ensureBrowserbaseDownloadsEnabled();
+                        const resumed = !!this.opts.browserbaseSessionID;
+                        let debugUrl;
+                        try {
+                            const dbg = (await bb.sessions.debug(sessionId));
+                            debugUrl = dbg?.debuggerUrl;
+                        }
+                        catch {
+                            // Ignore debug fetch failures; continue with sessionUrl only
+                        }
+                        const sessionUrl = `https://www.browserbase.com/sessions/${sessionId}`;
+                        this.browserbaseSessionUrl = sessionUrl;
+                        this.browserbaseDebugUrl = debugUrl;
+                        try {
+                            this.logger({
+                                category: "init",
+                                message: resumed
+                                    ? this.apiClient
+                                        ? "Browserbase session started"
+                                        : "Browserbase session resumed"
+                                    : "Browserbase session started",
+                                level: 1,
+                                auxiliary: {
+                                    sessionUrl: { value: sessionUrl, type: "string" },
+                                    ...(debugUrl && {
+                                        debugUrl: { value: debugUrl, type: "string" },
+                                    }),
+                                    sessionId: { value: sessionId, type: "string" },
+                                },
+                            });
+                        }
+                        catch {
+                            // best-effort logging — ignore failures
+                        }
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    const neverEnv = this.opts.env;
+                    throw new StagehandInitError(`Unsupported env: ${neverEnv}`);
+                });
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                // Cleanup instanceLoggers map on init failure to prevent memory leak
+                if (this.externalLogger) {
+                    try {
+                        unbindInstanceLogger(this.instanceId);
+                    }
+                    catch {
+                        // ignore cleanup errors
+                    }
+                }
+                throw error;
+            }
+        }
+        /** Apply post-connect local browser options that require CDP. */
+        async _applyPostConnectLocalOptions(lbo) {
+            try {
+                // Downloads behavior
+                if (lbo.downloadsPath || lbo.acceptDownloads !== undefined) {
+                    const behavior = lbo.acceptDownloads === false ? "deny" : "allow";
+                    await this.ctx?.conn
+                        .send("Browser.setDownloadBehavior", {
+                        behavior,
+                        downloadPath: lbo.downloadsPath,
+                        eventsEnabled: true,
+                    })
+                        .catch(() => { });
+                }
+            }
+            catch {
+                // best-effort only
+            }
+        }
+        async _ensureBrowserbaseDownloadsEnabled() {
+            const conn = this.ctx?.conn;
+            if (!conn)
+                return;
+            try {
+                await conn.send("Browser.setDownloadBehavior", {
+                    behavior: "allow",
+                    downloadPath: "downloads",
+                    eventsEnabled: true,
+                });
+            }
+            catch {
+                // best-effort only
+            }
+        }
+        resetBrowserbaseSessionMetadata() {
+            this.browserbaseSessionId = undefined;
+            this.browserbaseSessionUrl = undefined;
+            this.browserbaseDebugUrl = undefined;
+        }
+        async act(input, options) {
+            return await withInstanceLogContext(this.instanceId, async () => {
+                if (!this.actHandler)
+                    throw new StagehandNotInitializedError("act()");
+                let actResult;
+                if (isObserveResult(input)) {
+                    // Resolve page: use provided page if any, otherwise default active page
+                    const v3Page = await this.resolvePage(options?.page);
+                    // Use selector as provided to support XPath, CSS, and other engines
+                    const selector = input.selector;
+                    if (this.apiClient) {
+                        actResult = await this.apiClient.act({
+                            input,
+                            options,
+                            frameId: v3Page.mainFrameId(),
+                        });
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        const effectiveTimeoutMs = typeof options?.timeout === "number" && options.timeout > 0
+                            ? options.timeout
+                            : undefined;
+                        const ensureTimeRemaining = createTimeoutGuard(effectiveTimeoutMs, (ms) => new ActTimeoutError(ms));
+                        actResult = await this.actHandler.takeDeterministicAction({ ...input, selector }, v3Page, this.domSettleTimeoutMs, this.resolveLlmClient(options?.model), ensureTimeRemaining, options?.variables);
+                    }
+                    // history: record ObserveResult-based act call
+                    this.addToHistory("act", {
+                        observeResult: input,
+                    }, actResult);
+                    return actResult;
+                }
+                // instruction path
+                if (typeof input !== "string" || !input.trim()) {
+                    throw new StagehandInvalidArgumentError("act(): instruction string is required unless passing an Action");
+                }
+                // Resolve page from options or default
+                const page = await this.resolvePage(options?.page);
+                const actCacheLlmClient = options?.model
+                    ? this.resolveLlmClient(options.model)
+                    : undefined;
+                let actCacheContext = null;
+                const canUseCache = typeof input === "string" &&
+                    !this.isAgentReplayRecording() &&
+                    this.actCache.enabled;
+                if (canUseCache) {
+                    actCacheContext = await this.actCache.prepareContext(input, page, options?.variables);
+                    if (actCacheContext) {
+                        const cachedResult = await this.actCache.tryReplay(actCacheContext, page, options?.timeout, actCacheLlmClient);
+                        if (cachedResult) {
+                            this.addToHistory("act", {
+                                instruction: input,
+                                variables: options?.variables,
+                                timeout: options?.timeout,
+                                cacheHit: true,
+                            }, cachedResult);
+                            return cachedResult;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                const handlerParams = {
+                    instruction: input,
+                    page,
+                    variables: options?.variables,
+                    timeout: options?.timeout,
+                    model: options?.model,
+                };
+                if (this.apiClient) {
+                    const frameId = page.mainFrameId();
+                    actResult = await this.apiClient.act({ input, options, frameId });
+                }
+                else {
+                    actResult = await this.actHandler.act(handlerParams);
+                }
+                // history: record instruction-based act call (omit page object)
+                this.addToHistory("act", {
+                    instruction: input,
+                    variables: options?.variables,
+                    timeout: options?.timeout,
+                }, actResult);
+                if (actCacheContext &&
+                    actResult.success &&
+                    Array.isArray(actResult.actions) &&
+                    actResult.actions.length > 0) {
+                    await this.actCache.store(actCacheContext, actResult);
+                }
+                return actResult;
+            });
+        }
+        async extract(a, b, c) {
+            return await withInstanceLogContext(this.instanceId, async () => {
+                if (!this.extractHandler) {
+                    throw new StagehandNotInitializedError("extract()");
+                }
+                // Normalize args
+                let instruction;
+                let schema;
+                let options;
+                if (typeof a === "string") {
+                    instruction = a;
+                    const isZodSchema = (val) => !!val &&
+                        typeof val === "object" &&
+                        "parse" in val &&
+                        "safeParse" in val;
+                    if (isZodSchema(b)) {
+                        schema = b;
+                        options = c;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        options = b;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    // a is options or undefined
+                    options = a || undefined;
+                }
+                if (!instruction && schema) {
+                    throw new StagehandInvalidArgumentError("extract(): schema provided without instruction");
+                }
+                // If instruction without schema → defaultExtractSchema
+                const effectiveSchema = instruction && !schema ? defaultExtractSchema : schema;
+                // Resolve page from options or use active page
+                const page = await this.resolvePage(options?.page);
+                const handlerParams = {
+                    instruction,
+                    schema: effectiveSchema,
+                    model: options?.model,
+                    timeout: options?.timeout,
+                    selector: options?.selector,
+                    page,
+                };
+                let result;
+                if (this.apiClient) {
+                    const frameId = page.mainFrameId();
+                    result = await this.apiClient.extract({
+                        instruction: handlerParams.instruction,
+                        schema: handlerParams.schema,
+                        options,
+                        frameId,
+                    });
+                }
+                else {
+                    result =
+                        await this.extractHandler.extract(handlerParams);
+                }
+                const historySchemaDescriptor = effectiveSchema
+                    ? toJsonSchema(effectiveSchema)
+                    : undefined;
+                this.addToHistory("extract", {
+                    instruction,
+                    selector: options?.selector,
+                    timeout: options?.timeout,
+                    schema: historySchemaDescriptor,
+                }, result);
+                return result;
+            });
+        }
+        async observe(a, b) {
+            return await withInstanceLogContext(this.instanceId, async () => {
+                if (!this.observeHandler) {
+                    throw new StagehandNotInitializedError("observe()");
+                }
+                // Normalize args
+                let instruction;
+                let options;
+                if (typeof a === "string") {
+                    instruction = a;
+                    options = b;
+                }
+                else {
+                    options = a;
+                }
+                // Resolve to our internal Page type
+                const page = await this.resolvePage(options?.page);
+                const handlerParams = {
+                    instruction,
+                    model: options?.model,
+                    timeout: options?.timeout,
+                    selector: options?.selector,
+                    page: page,
+                };
+                let results;
+                if (this.apiClient) {
+                    const frameId = page.mainFrameId();
+                    results = await this.apiClient.observe({
+                        instruction,
+                        options,
+                        frameId,
+                    });
+                }
+                else {
+                    results = await this.observeHandler.observe(handlerParams);
+                }
+                // history: record observe call (omit page object)
+                this.addToHistory("observe", {
+                    instruction,
+                    timeout: options?.timeout,
+                }, results);
+                return results;
+            });
+        }
+        /** Return the browser-level CDP WebSocket endpoint. */
+        connectURL() {
+            if (this.state.kind === "UNINITIALIZED") {
+                throw new StagehandNotInitializedError("connectURL()");
+            }
+            return this.state.ws;
+        }
+        /** Expose the current CDP-backed context. */
+        get context() {
+            return this.ctx;
+        }
+        /** Best-effort cleanup of context and launched resources. */
+        async close(opts) {
+            // If we're already closing and this isn't a forced close, no-op.
+            if (this._isClosing && !opts?.force)
+                return;
+            this._isClosing = true;
+            const keepAlive = this.keepAlive === true;
+            // End Browserbase session via API when keepAlive is not enabled
+            if (!keepAlive && this.apiClient) {
+                try {
+                    await this.apiClient.end();
+                }
+                catch {
+                    // best-effort cleanup
+                }
+            }
+            try {
+                // Close session file logger
+                try {
+                    await SessionFileLogger.close();
+                }
+                catch {
+                    // ignore
+                }
+                // Unhook CDP transport close handler
+                try {
+                    if (this.ctx?.conn && this._onCdpClosed) {
+                        this.ctx.conn.offTransportClosed?.(this._onCdpClosed);
+                    }
+                }
+                catch {
+                    // ignore
+                }
+                // Close CDP context
+                try {
+                    await this.ctx?.close();
+                }
+                catch {
+                    // ignore
+                }
+                // Kill local Chrome and clean up temp profile when keepAlive is not enabled
+                if (!keepAlive && this.state.kind === "LOCAL") {
+                    const localState = this.state;
+                    await cleanupLocalBrowser({
+                        killChrome: () => localState.chrome.kill(),
+                        userDataDir: localState.userDataDir,
+                        createdTempProfile: localState.createdTempProfile,
+                        preserveUserDataDir: localState.preserveUserDataDir,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            finally {
+                this.stopShutdownSupervisor();
+                // Reset internal state
+                this.state = { kind: "UNINITIALIZED" };
+                this.ctx = null;
+                this._isClosing = false;
+                this.resetBrowserbaseSessionMetadata();
+                try {
+                    unbindInstanceLogger(this.instanceId);
+                }
+                catch {
+                    // ignore
+                }
+                try {
+                    this.bus.removeAllListeners();
+                }
+                catch {
+                    // ignore
+                }
+                this._history = [];
+                this.actHandler = null;
+                this.extractHandler = null;
+                this.observeHandler = null;
+                V3._instances.delete(this);
+            }
+        }
+        /** Guard: ensure Browserbase credentials exist in options. */
+        requireBrowserbaseCreds() {
+            let { apiKey, projectId } = this.opts;
+            // Fall back to environment variables if not explicitly provided
+            if (!apiKey)
+                apiKey = process.env.BROWSERBASE_API_KEY ?? process.env.BB_API_KEY;
+            if (!projectId)
+                projectId =
+                    process.env.BROWSERBASE_PROJECT_ID ?? process.env.BB_PROJECT_ID;
+            if (!apiKey || !projectId) {
+                const missing = [];
+                if (!apiKey)
+                    missing.push("BROWSERBASE_API_KEY");
+                if (!projectId)
+                    missing.push("BROWSERBASE_PROJECT_ID");
+                throw new MissingEnvironmentVariableError(missing.join(", "), "Browserbase");
+            }
+            // Cache resolved values back into opts for consistency
+            this.opts.apiKey = apiKey;
+            this.opts.projectId = projectId;
+            // Informational log
+            this.logger({
+                category: "init",
+                message: "Using Browserbase credentials",
+                level: 1,
+            });
+            return { apiKey, projectId };
+        }
+        get logger() {
+            // Delegate to per-instance StagehandLogger
+            // StagehandLogger handles: verbosity filtering, usePino selection, external logger routing
+            // This provides per-instance configuration while maintaining shared Pino optimization
+            return (logLine) => {
+                const line = { ...logLine, level: logLine.level ?? 1 };
+                this.stagehandLogger.log(line);
+            };
+        }
+        /**
+         * Normalize a Playwright/Puppeteer page object into its top frame id,
+         * so handlers can resolve it to a `Page` within our V3Context.
+         */
+        async resolveTopFrameId(page) {
+            if (this.isPlaywrightPage(page)) {
+                const cdp = await page.context().newCDPSession(page);
+                const { frameTree } = await cdp.send("Page.getFrameTree");
+                return frameTree.frame.id;
+            }
+            if (this.isPatchrightPage(page)) {
+                const cdp = await page.context().newCDPSession(page);
+                const { frameTree } = await cdp.send("Page.getFrameTree");
+                return frameTree.frame.id;
+            }
+            if (this.isPuppeteerPage(page)) {
+                const cdp = await page.createCDPSession();
+                const { frameTree } = await cdp.send("Page.getFrameTree");
+                this.logger({
+                    category: "v3",
+                    message: "Puppeteer frame id",
+                    level: 2,
+                    auxiliary: { frameId: { value: frameTree.frame.id, type: "string" } },
+                });
+                return frameTree.frame.id;
+            }
+            throw new StagehandInvalidArgumentError("Unsupported page object passed to V3.act()");
+        }
+        isPlaywrightPage(p) {
+            return (typeof p === "object" &&
+                p !== null &&
+                typeof p.context === "function");
+        }
+        isPatchrightPage(p) {
+            return (typeof p === "object" &&
+                p !== null &&
+                typeof p.context === "function");
+        }
+        isPuppeteerPage(p) {
+            return (typeof p === "object" &&
+                p !== null &&
+                typeof p.target === "function");
+        }
+        /** Resolve an external page reference or fall back to the active V3 page. */
+        async resolvePage(page) {
+            if (page) {
+                return await this.normalizeToV3Page(page);
+            }
+            const ctx = this.ctx;
+            if (!ctx) {
+                throw new StagehandNotInitializedError("resolvePage()");
+            }
+            return await ctx.awaitActivePage();
+        }
+        async normalizeToV3Page(input) {
+            if (input instanceof (await import("./understudy/page.js")).Page) {
+                return input;
+            }
+            if (this.isPlaywrightPage(input)) {
+                const frameId = await this.resolveTopFrameId(input);
+                const page = this.ctx.resolvePageByMainFrameId(frameId);
+                if (!page)
+                    throw new StagehandInitError("Failed to resolve V3 Page from Playwright page.");
+                return page;
+            }
+            if (this.isPatchrightPage(input)) {
+                const frameId = await this.resolveTopFrameId(input);
+                const page = this.ctx.resolvePageByMainFrameId(frameId);
+                if (!page)
+                    throw new StagehandInitError("Failed to resolve V3 Page from Patchright page.");
+                return page;
+            }
+            if (this.isPuppeteerPage(input)) {
+                const frameId = await this.resolveTopFrameId(input);
+                const page = this.ctx.resolvePageByMainFrameId(frameId);
+                if (!page)
+                    throw new StagehandInitError("Failed to resolve V3 Page from Puppeteer page.");
+                return page;
+            }
+            throw new StagehandInvalidArgumentError("Unsupported page object.");
+        }
+        async _logBrowserbaseSessionStatus() {
+            if (this.state.kind !== "BROWSERBASE") {
+                return;
+            }
+            try {
+                const snapshot = (await this.state.bb.sessions.retrieve(this.state.sessionId));
+                if (!snapshot?.status)
+                    return;
+                const sessionId = snapshot.id ?? this.state.sessionId;
+                const message = snapshot.status === "TIMED_OUT"
+                    ? `Browserbase session timed out (sessionId: ${sessionId})`
+                    : `Browserbase session status: ${snapshot.status}`;
+                this.logger({
+                    category: "v3",
+                    message,
+                    level: 0,
+                });
+            }
+            catch {
+                // Ignore failures; nothing to log
+            }
+        }
+        /**
+         * Prepares shared context for agent execution (both execute and stream).
+         * Extracts duplicated setup logic into a single helper.
+         */
+        async prepareAgentExecution(options, instructionOrOptions, agentConfigSignature) {
+            // Note: experimental validation is done at the call site before this method
+            // Warn if mode is not explicitly set (defaults to "dom")
+            if (options?.mode === undefined) {
+                this.logger({
+                    category: "agent",
+                    message: "Using agent in default DOM mode (legacy). Agent will default to 'hybrid' on an upcoming release for improved performance.\n  → https://docs.stagehand.dev/v3/basics/agent\n",
+                    level: 0,
+                });
+            }
+            const tools = options?.integrations
+                ? await resolveTools(options.integrations, options.tools)
+                : (options?.tools ?? {});
+            const agentLlmClient = options?.model
+                ? this.resolveLlmClient(options.model)
+                : this.llmClient;
+            const resolvedExecutionModel = options?.executionModel ?? options?.model;
+            const handler = new V3AgentHandler(this, this.logger, agentLlmClient, resolvedExecutionModel, options?.systemPrompt, tools, options?.mode);
+            const resolvedOptions = typeof instructionOrOptions === "string"
+                ? { instruction: instructionOrOptions }
+                : instructionOrOptions;
+            const callbacksWithSafety = resolvedOptions.callbacks;
+            if (callbacksWithSafety?.onSafetyConfirmation) {
+                throw new StagehandInvalidArgumentError('onSafetyConfirmation callback is only supported when using mode: "cua" agents.');
+            }
+            if (resolvedOptions.page) {
+                const normalizedPage = await this.normalizeToV3Page(resolvedOptions.page);
+                this.ctx.setActivePage(normalizedPage);
+            }
+            const instruction = resolvedOptions.instruction.trim();
+            const sanitizedOptions = this.agentCache.sanitizeExecuteOptions(resolvedOptions);
+            const cacheContext = this.agentCache.shouldAttemptCache(instruction)
+                ? await this.agentCache.prepareContext({
+                    instruction,
+                    options: sanitizedOptions,
+                    configSignature: agentConfigSignature,
+                    page: await this.ctx.awaitActivePage(),
+                })
+                : null;
+            return {
+                handler,
+                resolvedOptions,
+                instruction,
+                cacheContext,
+                llmClient: agentLlmClient,
+            };
+        }
+        agent(options) {
+            // Determine if CUA mode is enabled (via mode: "cua" or deprecated cua: true)
+            const isCuaMode = options?.mode !== undefined
+                ? options.mode === "cua"
+                : options?.cua === true;
+            // Emit deprecation warning for cua: true
+            if (options?.cua === true) {
+                this.logger({
+                    category: "agent",
+                    message: '[DEPRECATED] The "cua: true" option is deprecated. Use "mode: \'cua\'" instead. This option will be removed in a future version.',
+                    level: 0,
+                });
+                console.warn('[Stagehand] DEPRECATED: The "cua: true" option is deprecated. Use "mode: \'cua\'" instead.');
+            }
+            this.logger({
+                category: "agent",
+                message: "Creating v3 agent instance",
+                level: 1,
+                auxiliary: {
+                    cua: { value: isCuaMode ? "true" : "false", type: "boolean" },
+                    mode: { value: options?.mode ?? "dom", type: "string" },
+                    model: {
+                        value: extractModelName(options?.model) ?? this.llmClient.modelName,
+                        type: "string",
+                    },
+                    systemPrompt: { value: options?.systemPrompt ?? "", type: "string" },
+                    tools: { value: JSON.stringify(options?.tools ?? {}), type: "object" },
+                    ...(options?.integrations && {
+                        integrations: {
+                            value: JSON.stringify(options.integrations),
+                            type: "object",
+                        },
+                    }),
+                },
+            });
+            // If CUA mode is enabled (via mode: "cua" or deprecated cua: true), use the computer-use agent path
+            if (isCuaMode) {
+                // Validate agent config at creation time (includes CUA+streaming conflict check)
+                validateExperimentalFeatures({
+                    isExperimental: this.experimental,
+                    agentConfig: options,
+                });
+                const modelToUse = options?.model || {
+                    modelName: this.modelName,
+                    ...this.modelClientOptions,
+                };
+                const { modelName, isCua, clientOptions } = resolveModel(modelToUse);
+                if (!isCua) {
+                    throw new CuaModelRequiredError(AVAILABLE_CUA_MODELS);
+                }
+                const agentConfigSignature = this.agentCache.buildConfigSignature(options);
+                return {
+                    execute: async (instructionOrOptions) => withInstanceLogContext(this.instanceId, async () => {
+                        validateExperimentalFeatures({
+                            isExperimental: this.experimental,
+                            agentConfig: options,
+                            executeOptions: typeof instructionOrOptions === "object"
+                                ? instructionOrOptions
+                                : null,
+                        });
+                        SessionFileLogger.logAgentTaskStarted({
+                            invocation: "Agent.execute",
+                            args: [instructionOrOptions],
+                        });
+                        const tools = options?.integrations
+                            ? await resolveTools(options.integrations, options.tools)
+                            : (options?.tools ?? {});
+                        const handler = new V3CuaAgentHandler(this, this.logger, {
+                            modelName,
+                            clientOptions,
+                            userProvidedInstructions: options.systemPrompt ??
+                                `You are a helpful assistant that can use a web browser.\nDo not ask follow up questions, the user will trust your judgement.`,
+                        }, tools);
+                        const resolvedOptions = typeof instructionOrOptions === "string"
+                            ? { instruction: instructionOrOptions }
+                            : instructionOrOptions;
+                        if (resolvedOptions.page) {
+                            const normalizedPage = await this.normalizeToV3Page(resolvedOptions.page);
+                            this.ctx.setActivePage(normalizedPage);
+                        }
+                        const instruction = resolvedOptions.instruction.trim();
+                        const sanitizedOptions = this.agentCache.sanitizeExecuteOptions(resolvedOptions);
+                        let cacheContext = null;
+                        if (this.agentCache.shouldAttemptCache(instruction)) {
+                            const startPage = await this.ctx.awaitActivePage();
+                            cacheContext = await this.agentCache.prepareContext({
+                                instruction,
+                                options: sanitizedOptions,
+                                configSignature: agentConfigSignature,
+                                page: startPage,
+                            });
+                            if (cacheContext) {
+                                const replayed = await this.agentCache.tryReplay(cacheContext);
+                                if (replayed) {
+                                    SessionFileLogger.logAgentTaskCompleted({ cacheHit: true });
+                                    return replayed;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        let agentSteps = [];
+                        const shouldRecordLocally = !!cacheContext && (!this.apiClient || this.experimental);
+                        if (shouldRecordLocally) {
+                            this.beginAgentReplayRecording();
+                        }
+                        let result;
+                        try {
+                            if (this.apiClient && !this.experimental) {
+                                const page = await this.ctx.awaitActivePage();
+                                result = await this.apiClient.agentExecute(options, resolvedOptions, page.mainFrameId(), !!cacheContext);
+                                if (cacheContext) {
+                                    const transferredEntry = this.apiClient.consumeLatestAgentCacheEntry();
+                                    await this.agentCache.storeTransferredEntry(transferredEntry);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                result = await handler.execute(instructionOrOptions);
+                            }
+                            if (shouldRecordLocally) {
+                                agentSteps = this.endAgentReplayRecording();
+                            }
+                            if (shouldRecordLocally &&
+                                cacheContext &&
+                                result.success &&
+                                agentSteps.length > 0) {
+                                await this.agentCache.store(cacheContext, agentSteps, result);
+                            }
+                            return result;
+                        }
+                        catch (err) {
+                            if (shouldRecordLocally)
+                                this.discardAgentReplayRecording();
+                            throw err;
+                        }
+                        finally {
+                            if (shouldRecordLocally) {
+                                this.discardAgentReplayRecording();
+                            }
+                            SessionFileLogger.logAgentTaskCompleted();
+                        }
+                    }),
+                };
+            }
+            // Default: AISDK tools-based agent
+            const agentConfigSignature = this.agentCache.buildConfigSignature(options);
+            const isStreaming = options?.stream ?? false;
+            return {
+                execute: async (instructionOrOptions) => withInstanceLogContext(this.instanceId, async () => {
+                    validateExperimentalFeatures({
+                        isExperimental: this.experimental,
+                        agentConfig: options,
+                        executeOptions: typeof instructionOrOptions === "object"
+                            ? instructionOrOptions
+                            : null,
+                        isStreaming,
+                    });
+                    SessionFileLogger.logAgentTaskStarted({
+                        invocation: "Agent.execute",
+                        args: [instructionOrOptions],
+                    });
+                    // Streaming mode
+                    if (isStreaming) {
+                        const { handler, resolvedOptions, cacheContext, llmClient } = await this.prepareAgentExecution(options, instructionOrOptions, agentConfigSignature);
+                        if (cacheContext) {
+                            const replayed = await this.agentCache.tryReplayAsStream(cacheContext, llmClient);
+                            if (replayed) {
+                                SessionFileLogger.logAgentTaskCompleted({ cacheHit: true });
+                                return replayed;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        const streamResult = await handler.stream(resolvedOptions);
+                        if (cacheContext) {
+                            const wrappedStream = this.agentCache.wrapStreamForCaching(cacheContext, streamResult, () => this.beginAgentReplayRecording(), () => this.endAgentReplayRecording(), () => this.discardAgentReplayRecording());
+                            // Log completion when stream is returned (stream completes asynchronously)
+                            SessionFileLogger.logAgentTaskCompleted();
+                            return wrappedStream;
+                        }
+                        // Log completion when stream is returned (stream completes asynchronously)
+                        SessionFileLogger.logAgentTaskCompleted();
+                        return streamResult;
+                    }
+                    // Non-streaming mode (default)
+                    const { handler, resolvedOptions, cacheContext, llmClient } = await this.prepareAgentExecution(options, instructionOrOptions, agentConfigSignature);
+                    if (cacheContext) {
+                        const replayed = await this.agentCache.tryReplay(cacheContext, llmClient);
+                        if (replayed) {
+                            SessionFileLogger.logAgentTaskCompleted({ cacheHit: true });
+                            return replayed;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    let agentSteps = [];
+                    const shouldRecordLocally = !!cacheContext && (!this.apiClient || this.experimental);
+                    if (shouldRecordLocally) {
+                        this.beginAgentReplayRecording();
+                    }
+                    let result;
+                    try {
+                        if (this.apiClient && !this.experimental) {
+                            const page = await this.ctx.awaitActivePage();
+                            result = await this.apiClient.agentExecute(options ?? {}, resolvedOptions, page.mainFrameId(), !!cacheContext);
+                            if (cacheContext) {
+                                const transferredEntry = this.apiClient.consumeLatestAgentCacheEntry();
+                                await this.agentCache.storeTransferredEntry(transferredEntry);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            result = await handler.execute(resolvedOptions);
+                        }
+                        if (shouldRecordLocally) {
+                            agentSteps = this.endAgentReplayRecording();
+                        }
+                        if (shouldRecordLocally &&
+                            cacheContext &&
+                            result.success &&
+                            agentSteps.length > 0) {
+                            await this.agentCache.store(cacheContext, agentSteps, result);
+                        }
+                        return result;
+                    }
+                    catch (err) {
+                        if (shouldRecordLocally)
+                            this.discardAgentReplayRecording();
+                        throw err;
+                    }
+                    finally {
+                        if (shouldRecordLocally) {
+                            this.discardAgentReplayRecording();
+                        }
+                        SessionFileLogger.logAgentTaskCompleted();
+                    }
+                }),
+            };
+        }
+    };
+})();
+export { V3 };
+function isObserveResult(v) {
+    return (!!v && typeof v === "object" && "selector" in v);
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=v3.js.map