@brass-build/client 0.1.0 → 0.3.0

package/src/open-document.ts

@@ -11,22 +11,42 @@ import {
   type DocumentOptions,
   type DocumentWorkStatus,
   type DocumentDriveStatus,
+  type DrivePublishTarget,
   type DocumentDriveTrackingState,
   type DriveMirrorDirection,
   type HostedUiProvider,
+  type ReadOnlyReason,
+  type ResyncPushOutcome,
 } from './documents.js';
 import { createPresenceController } from './presence.js';
 import type { WsTopicCallback } from './ws-client.js';
 import { applyAppAssertionHeader, applyClientVersionHeader } from './api-headers.js';
 import { brassErrorFromBody } from './api-fetch.js';
 import { fetchWithRetry, RETRY_IDEMPOTENT_WRITE } from './fetch-retry.js';
+import {
+  deadlineForUpload,
+  fetchWithDeadline,
+  OP_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+} from './fetch-deadline.js';
+import type { DocSyncDiagnostics } from './types.js';
+
+// Why a client is reporting its sync health. Mirrors the server's
+// `CLIENT_REPORT_REASONS`; the published SDK cannot import the workspace
+// contracts package, so the values are restated here and the server refuses
+// any it does not recognise.
+type ClientReportReason =
+  | 'op_stuck'
+  | 'reconnected_unsaved'
+  | 'divergence_healed';
 import { BrassError } from './errors.js';
 import { perfStart } from './perf.js';
-import { resolveTailOps, type WireTailOp } from './tail-ops.js';
+import { joinCoverageFloor, snapshotSeqOf } from './join-coverage.js';
+import { declaredTailBytes, resolveTailOps, type WireTailOp } from './tail-ops.js';
 import {
   opBlobExceedsDurableLimit,
-  opFrameExceedsWsLimit,
   opBlobNeedsStaging,
+  opFrameExceedsWsLimit,
+  type OpFrame,
 } from './ws-frame-limit.js';
 
 export interface OpenDocumentByIdOptions {
@@ -73,22 +93,48 @@ export interface OpenDocumentByIdOptions {
    */
   version?: number;
   /**
-   * SDK-internal snapshot-download progress sink (`total` is the decompressed
-   * byte count from `x-amz-meta-raw-bytes`, or null). The session threads it
-   * through to surface a "Downloading... NN%" state before the Document
-   * exists; apps read that via `Brass.session`, never this.
+   * SDK-internal load-progress sink. The session threads it through to
+   * surface a progress state before the Document exists; apps read that via
+   * `Brass.session`, never this.
+   *
+   * Both phases count BYTES, so a reader watching a load sees one figure
+   * rather than two bars filling in turn. `phase` says which stretch is on
+   * the wire, because the two are paced by different things and a document
+   * can spend the whole of the first in what looks like silence: `tail` is
+   * the spilled ops the join fetches, `snapshot` the snapshot itself, and
+   * absent means `snapshot`.
+   *
+   * `total` is the whole download in both phases. The tail declares it from
+   * each spilled op's own size plus the snapshot still to come, so the
+   * percentage runs across the pair; the snapshot phase reports only its own
+   * (the decompressed size from `x-amz-meta-raw-bytes`, or null), and the
+   * session adds the tail back.
    * @internal
    */
-  onSnapshotProgress?: (loaded: number, total: number | null) => void;
+  onSnapshotProgress?: LoadProgress;
 }
 
+/**
+ * What a load reports as it runs. See `onSnapshotProgress` for the phases.
+ * @internal
+ */
+export type LoadProgress = (
+  loaded: number,
+  total: number | null,
+  phase?: 'snapshot' | 'tail',
+) => void;
+
 // `Brass.createDocument(options?)` creates a new document and returns it
-// fully editable. `projectId` creates inside a project; `organizationId`
-// alone creates a loose doc in that org; both create a project-parented doc
-// in an explicit org. With neither and one org, the SDK picks it; with
-// multiple orgs it 409s. `name` defaults to "Untitled".
+// fully editable. `name` defaults to "Untitled". Placement is resolved from
+// context rather than named here (see `CreateDocumentArgs`): a caller who
+// belongs to one organization lands there, and a caller who belongs to
+// several is asked, so this shape carries no organization or project.
 export interface CreateDocumentOptions {
   name?: string;
+  // Snake_case because the SDK relays this object to `POST /documents`
+  // verbatim and `Brass.documents.get` hands it back under the same key, so
+  // the key an app writes is the key it reads. The camelCase sibling below
+  // never leaves the process, which is why the two conventions sit together.
   app_metadata?: Record<string, unknown>;
   // Forwarded to `Document.openFromSnapshot` / `Document.create`; overrides
   // the root-map key for a doc created against a non-default rootKey.
@@ -140,14 +186,28 @@ export interface DocumentSnapshotResponse {
   // Tail ops since the last snapshot, seq ascending, each a base64 Loro op
   // blob. Applied in order; `applyRemoteOp` is idempotent.
   tail_ops: Array<{ seq: number; op_blob_b64: string }>;
-  // The branch's seq counter at join time. The consistent-read join means
-  // snapshot + tail cover every op at or below it; the SDK seeds its
-  // coverage cursor from it. Optional (older fixtures omit it).
+  // The branch's seq counter at join time: the highest seq the document
+  // has handed out. Not the same as the highest seq this response carries,
+  // because a seq is allocated before its op row is written, so a join read
+  // during a bulk write names seqs whose rows it could not see. Pair it with
+  // `snapshot_seq` to work out what was delivered. Optional (older fixtures
+  // omit it).
   current_seq?: number;
+  // The seq the snapshot was sealed at: everything at or below it is inside
+  // `snapshot`, and `tail_ops` carries the rows above it. Optional (older
+  // servers and fixtures omit it).
+  snapshot_seq?: number;
   // Base64 version vector of the persisted snapshot (durability-handshake
   // ground truth). The handshake runs off the `doc_init` frame's copy; this
   // is carried for wire parallelism. Absent until the branch is compacted.
   snapshot_version_vector?: string;
+  // Whether the caller may write to this document, as the server's own
+  // write gate answers it. `false` opens the Document read-only, so
+  // `doc.readOnly` covers a view-only grant at bind time rather than
+  // leaving the app to discover it from a refused op. Optional: a server
+  // that does not send it is one whose refusals the transport still
+  // catches, so its absence opens the document editable as before.
+  can_edit?: boolean;
   // Opaque status of slow server-side work (e.g. a drive stub hydrating on
   // first open, with `snapshot` then `null`). Surfaced on `doc.status`;
   // phases stream in via `doc_status` frames.
@@ -155,6 +215,33 @@ export interface DocumentSnapshotResponse {
   // Drive provenance + tracking state, present only on drive-linked docs.
   // Seeds `doc.driveStatus`; live changes stream in via `doc_drive_status`.
   drive?: DocumentDriveSummaryWire;
+  // Whether this document's export runs in the app this client acts as.
+  // Server-answered per caller, so it says only that this app is the one to
+  // serialize, never which app is if it is not. Absent for a caller carrying
+  // no app assertion.
+  calling_app_exports?: boolean;
+  // The version of the document's current picture, absent when it has none.
+  // Only the version is read (a picture behind the head is what makes this
+  // open seed one), so the shape is deliberately narrow: the full wire record
+  // is the thumbnail routes' surface, not the join's.
+  thumbnail?: { version?: number } | null;
+  // Where a document that mirrors nothing can be published, present only
+  // while it mirrors nothing and its project is linked to a drive that
+  // takes a new file. The hosted drive badge offers the publish off this.
+  drive_publish_target?: DrivePublishTargetWire;
+}
+
+// Wire shape of a publish target on the join response. Snake_case,
+// mirroring the server's `DocumentDrivePublishTarget` (CONTRACT.md "Where
+// a document with no drive item can publish").
+export interface DrivePublishTargetWire {
+  drive_type?: unknown;
+  drive_name?: unknown;
+  container_name?: unknown;
+  detail?: unknown;
+  source_unreadable?: unknown;
+  publishing?: unknown;
+  publish_failed?: unknown;
 }
 
 // Wire shape of the `drive` block carried on the join response and the
@@ -178,6 +265,7 @@ export interface DocumentDriveSummaryWire {
   // Optional: a frame from an older server omits it, treated as not
   // publishing (the `canPush` affordance then behaves as before).
   publishing?: boolean;
+  source_unreadable?: string;
 }
 
 // Wire-protocol-pinned response shape from
@@ -199,8 +287,24 @@ export interface DocumentAtVersionResponse {
 // Structural subset of `BrassWsClient` the factory uses, so it can be
 // unit-tested against a mock.
 export interface OpenDocumentWsClient {
-  subscribe(topic: string, callback: WsTopicCallback): () => void;
+  subscribe(
+    topic: string,
+    callback: WsTopicCallback,
+    options?: {
+      ownsFrameRetry?: boolean;
+      onEnded?: (info: { reason: string }) => void;
+    },
+  ): () => void;
   send(frame: unknown): void;
+  // Connection-level facts the transport reports but does not own. Optional
+  // so a transport-only test can supply a bare stub; absent reads as a
+  // client that has never reconnected on a visible page, which is what a
+  // test harness is.
+  readonly reconnectCount?: number;
+  readonly pageHidden?: boolean;
+  // Whether a socket is open right now. Absent reads as connected, which is
+  // what a transport-only test stub is.
+  readonly connected?: boolean;
 }
 
 export interface OpenDocumentFactoryOptions {
@@ -272,6 +376,12 @@ export interface OpenDocumentFactoryOptions {
   // through a getter because `init` resolves it after the factory's
   // options are written. See `createDocumentId`.
   launchOrganizationId?: () => string | null;
+  // Who is signed in, as the park cache's ownership stamp (see
+  // `ParkedDocEntry.identity`). Read at park and at take, so a Document only
+  // ever comes back to the person it was opened for. Absent (tests, the
+  // anonymous link-guest path) parks under a null identity, which is
+  // consistent with itself and so behaves as it always has.
+  identity?: () => string | null;
   // Async-error sink for built-in command failures; `null` falls back to
   // console.
   reportError?: (err: Error) => void;
@@ -287,6 +397,73 @@ export type OpenedDocument = Document & {
   readonly id: string;
 };
 
+// The terminal frame the platform sends when it clears a document's work
+// status: the work finished and the content is in. The SDK emits the same
+// shape wherever it settles that transition off its own import (a
+// subscribe-time reconcile, a retried pull), so the app cannot tell the two
+// apart. `blocking: false` is what releases the load lock.
+const WORK_READY_STATUS: DocumentWorkStatus = {
+  message: 'Ready',
+  pending: false,
+  blocking: false,
+};
+
+const CONTENT_PULL_ATTEMPTS = 5;
+const CONTENT_PULL_BACKOFF_MS = 1000;
+
+// Pull a document's content in after the platform reports its inbound work
+// finished, retrying a transient fetch failure (a network blip, a dropped
+// presigned download): the platform asserts the content exists, so a silent
+// give-up would leave the doc empty behind a terminal status, reading as "the
+// model never loaded" and invisible in every log. Emits `finalStatus` only
+// once the import lands, so an app re-reading on `onStatus` sees the content.
+// On exhaustion it reports the failure and emits a terminal failure status,
+// which keeps the doc read-only. Returns whether the content is in.
+async function pullContentWithRetry(args: {
+  doc: Document;
+  docId: string;
+  finalStatus: DocumentWorkStatus;
+  fetchAndImport: () => Promise<{ ok: true } | { ok: false; reason: string }>;
+  reportError?: (err: Error) => void;
+}): Promise<boolean> {
+  let lastError: Error | null = null;
+  for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= CONTENT_PULL_ATTEMPTS; attempt += 1) {
+    try {
+      const outcome = await args.fetchAndImport();
+      if (outcome.ok) {
+        args.doc._emitStatus(args.finalStatus, { contentLoaded: true });
+        return true;
+      }
+      lastError = new Error(outcome.reason);
+    } catch (err) {
+      lastError = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err));
+    }
+    // A retrying attempt is exceptional, so this warn is quiet in normal
+    // operation and decisive in a bug report; without it a failure here is
+    // undiagnosable from any log.
+    console.warn(
+      `[Brass] document content reload attempt ${attempt}/${CONTENT_PULL_ATTEMPTS} failed (doc ${args.docId}): ${lastError.message}`,
+    );
+    if (attempt < CONTENT_PULL_ATTEMPTS) {
+      await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, CONTENT_PULL_BACKOFF_MS * attempt));
+    }
+  }
+  const error = new BrassError(
+    `Document content reload failed after ${CONTENT_PULL_ATTEMPTS} attempts: ${lastError?.message ?? 'unknown error'}`,
+    { status: 0 },
+  );
+  if (args.reportError) args.reportError(error);
+  else console.error('[Brass]', error);
+  args.doc._emitStatus({
+    message: 'The model could not be loaded. Reload to try again.',
+    pending: false,
+    // The content never arrived, so this terminal status still locks the
+    // doc: an edit here would write into a document holding nothing.
+    blocking: true,
+  });
+  return false;
+}
+
 export type OpenDocumentByIdFn = (
   docId: string,
   options?: OpenDocumentByIdOptions,
@@ -323,9 +500,8 @@ export interface DocumentFactory {
   openByLink: OpenDocumentByLinkFn;
 }
 
-// Wire shapes on the `doc:` topic. Server schemas live in
-// `infra/lambda/ws/default.ts`; frame names match exactly so the CONTRACT.md
-// type tests stay synced.
+// Wire shapes on the `doc:` topic. Frame names match the server's exactly, so
+// the CONTRACT.md type tests stay synced.
 interface DocOpFrame {
   type: 'doc_op';
   topic: string;
@@ -360,29 +536,56 @@ interface OpRejectedFrame {
 // tail op whose bytes spilled to storage is fetched once, here. Every
 // reader downstream then sees the inline shape it already handles, and
 // none of the seq bookkeeping has to learn a second representation.
-async function resolveParsedTailOps(parsed: unknown): Promise<void> {
+async function resolveParsedTailOps(
+  parsed: unknown,
+  onProgress?: LoadProgress,
+): Promise<void> {
   if (typeof parsed !== 'object' || parsed === null) return;
-  const body = parsed as { tail_ops?: unknown };
+  const body = parsed as { tail_ops?: unknown; snapshot?: unknown };
   if (!Array.isArray(body.tail_ops)) return;
-  body.tail_ops = await resolveTailOps(body.tail_ops as WireTailOp[]);
+  const tailOps = body.tail_ops as WireTailOp[];
+  // The whole download, stated before any of it starts. A presigned snapshot
+  // names its decompressed size and each spilled op names its blob's, and both
+  // are fetched over the network with a reader waiting, so the load reports one
+  // figure against their sum. An inline snapshot contributes nothing: its bytes
+  // came with this response.
+  const snapshot = body.snapshot as { raw_bytes?: unknown } | null | undefined;
+  const snapshotBytes =
+    typeof snapshot?.raw_bytes === 'number' ? snapshot.raw_bytes : 0;
+  const totalBytes = declaredTailBytes(tailOps) + snapshotBytes;
+  body.tail_ops = await resolveTailOps(
+    tailOps,
+    fetch,
+    onProgress === undefined
+      ? undefined
+      : (loadedBytes) =>
+          onProgress(loadedBytes, totalBytes > 0 ? totalBytes : null, 'tail'),
+  );
 }
 
-// Post-subscribe server frame mirroring the HTTP join payload. Shape pinned
-// in `infra/lib/document-snapshot.ts`; the SDK needs the tail_ops +
-// current_seq to cover the join-vs-fanout race (see `wireDocTransport`).
+// Post-subscribe server frame mirroring the HTTP join payload. The SDK needs
+// the tail_ops + current_seq to cover the join-vs-fanout race (see
+// `wireDocTransport`).
+// A tail entry as `parseDocInitFrame` normalises it: the seq every reader
+// needs for the cursors, and the inline bytes when the entry carries them.
 interface DocInitTailOp {
   seq: number;
-  // Absent when the op's blob spilled to storage. The server withholds
-  // such a tail from this frame (see `isDocInitFrame`), so a reader that
-  // finds one skips it and picks the op up on the HTTP re-import.
+  // Absent when the op's blob spilled to storage (the server withholds such
+  // a tail from this frame, since fetching one needs an await the frame
+  // reader does not have) or when the entry names its bytes in a shape this
+  // SDK does not recognise. A reader that finds one skips it and picks the
+  // op up on the HTTP re-import.
   op_blob_b64?: string;
-  op_blob_url?: string;
 }
 interface DocInitFrame {
   type: 'doc_init';
   topic: string;
   tail_ops: DocInitTailOp[];
   current_seq: number;
+  // The seq the snapshot was sealed at, which is where this frame's tail
+  // begins. Absent from an older server's frame, and then inferred from the
+  // tail's own lower edge.
+  snapshot_seq?: number;
   // Base64 version vector of the persisted snapshot, stamped at seal time.
   // Drives the durability handshake: fold the tail ops in for the durable
   // frontier and resync-push anything local holds beyond it. Absent on
@@ -390,6 +593,19 @@ interface DocInitFrame {
   snapshot_version_vector?: string;
 }
 
+// Server-pushed "the document moved past you" prompt, naming the seq to
+// reach and carrying none of the content. The server sends it to every
+// subscriber of a document on each op the socket could not carry, so it is
+// the frequent frame of the two: it says nothing about the subscription it
+// arrived on, and a reader that treats it as a (re)subscribe re-asserts
+// every unacked op on somebody else's write. Wire shape pinned in
+// CONTRACT.md "Server-pushed `doc_catch_up`".
+interface DocCatchUpFrame {
+  type: 'doc_catch_up';
+  topic: string;
+  current_seq: number;
+}
+
 // Server-pushed eviction frame. Carried on both the content and presence
 // topics; the SDK collapses the duplicate via `Document._markGone`'s
 // idempotency. Wire shape pinned in CONTRACT.md "Server-pushed `doc_gone`".
@@ -433,8 +649,23 @@ interface DocDriveStatusFrame {
   drive: DocumentDriveSummaryWire;
 }
 
-// Server-pushed frame fired when the compaction worker's aged-orphan escape
-// discards causally unapplyable ops. The prompt half of the durability
+// Server-pushed publish state for a document that mirrors nothing on a drive
+// yet. Wire shape pinned in CONTRACT.md "Server-pushed `doc_drive_publish`".
+// The first publish creates the artifact, so until it lands the document has
+// no drive summary and `doc_drive_status` carries nothing about the push it
+// started.
+interface DocDrivePublishFrame {
+  type: 'doc_drive_publish';
+  topic: string;
+  publish: {
+    publishing?: unknown;
+    failed?: unknown;
+    detail?: unknown;
+  };
+}
+
+// Server-pushed frame fired when the platform discards ops it cannot apply.
+// The prompt half of the durability
 // handshake: the SDK re-checks durability against ground truth now rather
 // than waiting for the author's next reconnect, and resync-pushes anything
 // it holds. Best-effort and connected-only; the `doc_init` handshake is the
@@ -443,8 +674,6 @@ interface DocDriveStatusFrame {
 interface DocOpsDroppedFrame {
   type: 'doc_ops_dropped';
   topic: string;
-  dropped_seqs: number[];
-  actor: string;
 }
 
 // Map the snake_case wire `drive` block to the public camelCase
@@ -466,7 +695,9 @@ function toDriveStatus(wire: DocumentDriveSummaryWire): DocumentDriveStatus {
     // update) must not be treated as unbroken and offered a push the server
     // would reject. Require an explicit `false` to enable, and an explicit
     // `true` to flag broken. Behaviour is unchanged for today's frames, which
-    // always carry the boolean.
+    // always carry the boolean. Whether the file is written server-side or
+    // from the app's own serializer is a REQUEST SHAPE the push path resolves
+    // for itself, so it says nothing about whether this document can publish.
     canPush:
       wire.broken === false &&
       mirrorDirection === 'two_way' &&
@@ -481,6 +712,31 @@ function toDriveStatus(wire: DocumentDriveSummaryWire): DocumentDriveStatus {
     itemName: wire.item_name,
     itemUrl: wire.item_url,
     publishing: wire.publishing === true,
+    // Spread rather than assigned, because `exactOptionalPropertyTypes`
+    // separates an absent optional field from one holding `undefined`.
+    ...(wire.source_unreadable !== undefined
+      ? { sourceUnreadable: wire.source_unreadable }
+      : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+// Map the wire target to the public shape, dropping one that does not carry
+// what a publish needs. A malformed target is skipped rather than failing
+// the open: the document is readable whatever its publish offer says.
+function toPublishTarget(
+  wire: DrivePublishTargetWire | undefined,
+): DrivePublishTarget | null {
+  if (typeof wire !== 'object' || wire === null) return null;
+  const driveName = wire.drive_name;
+  if (typeof driveName !== 'string' || driveName === '') return null;
+  return {
+    driveName,
+    driveType: typeof wire.drive_type === 'string' ? wire.drive_type : '',
+    containerName:
+      typeof wire.container_name === 'string' ? wire.container_name : '',
+    detail: typeof wire.detail === 'string' ? wire.detail : '',
+    publishing: wire.publishing === true,
+    publishFailed: wire.publish_failed === true,
   };
 }
 
@@ -495,31 +751,62 @@ function isDocOpFrame(frame: unknown): frame is DocOpFrame {
   );
 }
 
-function isDocInitFrame(frame: unknown): frame is DocInitFrame {
-  if (typeof frame !== 'object' || frame === null) return false;
+// The frame in the shape its readers act on, or null when it carries nothing
+// they can act on.
+//
+// Gated on the discriminant plus `current_seq`, with the tail degraded entry
+// by entry. Most of what a `doc_init` does is carried by the frame itself
+// rather than by any one entry: `current_seq` is the cursor, the tail's lower
+// edge decides whether the reader re-imports the join, and the frame is the
+// (re)subscribe signal that re-asserts every outstanding op and runs the
+// durability handshake. So an entry whose shape this SDK does not recognise
+// costs the one op it carries, which stays uncovered and is pulled over the
+// HTTP join; refusing the frame over it would cost all of the above.
+//
+// `snapshot_version_vector` is likewise tolerated as absent when it is not a
+// string: the handshake needs a vector it can decode, and skipping the
+// handshake is a smaller loss than dropping the frame that drives it.
+function parseDocInitFrame(frame: unknown): DocInitFrame | null {
+  if (typeof frame !== 'object' || frame === null) return null;
   const f = frame as Record<string, unknown>;
-  if (f.type !== 'doc_init' || typeof f.topic !== 'string') return false;
-  if (typeof f.current_seq !== 'number') return false;
-  // `snapshot_version_vector` is an optional durability-handshake input, read
-  // defensively at its use site. A present-but-non-string value (a future
-  // server retyping it) is tolerated as absent rather than rejecting the whole
-  // frame, which would silently break the reconnect / durability path.
-  if (!Array.isArray(f.tail_ops)) return false;
-  for (const entry of f.tail_ops) {
-    if (typeof entry !== 'object' || entry === null) return false;
-    const e = entry as Record<string, unknown>;
-    if (typeof e.seq !== 'number') return false;
-    // A tail op is normally inline here: the server withholds a tail
-    // carrying a signed URL from this frame, because fetching one needs
-    // an await this reader does not have, and sends `current_seq` alone
-    // so the client re-imports the join over HTTP instead. Tolerating
-    // the shape anyway keeps such a frame's `current_seq` usable rather
-    // than dropping the whole frame and with it the resync trigger.
-    if (typeof e.op_blob_b64 !== 'string' && typeof e.op_blob_url !== 'string') {
-      return false;
+  if (f.type !== 'doc_init' || typeof f.topic !== 'string') return null;
+  if (typeof f.current_seq !== 'number') return null;
+  const tailOps: DocInitTailOp[] = [];
+  if (Array.isArray(f.tail_ops)) {
+    for (const entry of f.tail_ops) {
+      if (typeof entry !== 'object' || entry === null) continue;
+      const e = entry as Record<string, unknown>;
+      // The seq is what places an entry in the sequence the cursors and the
+      // resync trigger are computed from, so an entry without one is not an
+      // entry any reader here can use.
+      if (typeof e.seq !== 'number') continue;
+      tailOps.push(
+        typeof e.op_blob_b64 === 'string'
+          ? { seq: e.seq, op_blob_b64: e.op_blob_b64 }
+          : { seq: e.seq },
+      );
     }
   }
-  return true;
+  return {
+    type: 'doc_init',
+    topic: f.topic,
+    current_seq: f.current_seq,
+    tail_ops: tailOps,
+    ...(typeof f.snapshot_seq === 'number' ? { snapshot_seq: f.snapshot_seq } : {}),
+    ...(typeof f.snapshot_version_vector === 'string'
+      ? { snapshot_version_vector: f.snapshot_version_vector }
+      : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+function isDocCatchUpFrame(frame: unknown): frame is DocCatchUpFrame {
+  if (typeof frame !== 'object' || frame === null) return false;
+  const f = frame as Record<string, unknown>;
+  return (
+    f.type === 'doc_catch_up' &&
+    typeof f.topic === 'string' &&
+    typeof f.current_seq === 'number'
+  );
 }
 
 function isOpAckFrame(frame: unknown): frame is OpAckFrame {
@@ -543,6 +830,98 @@ function isOpRejectedFrame(frame: unknown): frame is OpRejectedFrame {
   );
 }
 
+// `{ type: 'error', topic, reason: 'unavailable' }`: the durable write of an
+// op the server accepted and authorised did not go through, and the same op
+// is expected to succeed on a later attempt. `BrassWsClient` leaves the
+// subscription up and routes the frame here (see `isFrameScopedReason` in
+// `topic-lifecycle.ts`). The frame names no `client_op_id`, so it identifies
+// the shed batch and not one op within it.
+/**
+ * What one HTTP attempt at an oversized op resolved to.
+ *
+ * `retryable` carries the same distinction the WS transport gets from an
+ * `unavailable` error frame: the server refused the write on capacity and
+ * nothing landed, so the op is still the client's to send. Without it, the
+ * two transports disagree about the same refusal, and an op that took the
+ * HTTP route because it was too large for the socket is the one that gets
+ * dropped.
+ */
+type OversizedOpResult =
+  | { ok: true; seq: number }
+  // `atCapacity` and `readOnly` ride beside `retryable` rather than
+  // replacing it because the three answer different questions: whether to
+  // send this op again, whether the document will take a growing op at all,
+  // and whether this writer may write to it at all.
+  | {
+      ok: false;
+      message: string;
+      retryable: boolean;
+      atCapacity?: boolean;
+      // Set when the refusal was about the writer rather than the op, which
+      // is the same distinction the socket's `op_rejected` reasons draw:
+      // every later op meets it too, so the Document turns read-only.
+      readOnly?: ReadOnlyReason;
+    };
+
+// Whether re-sending the same op is the right move. Two statuses refuse to
+// write rather than answer about the op, and both leave the row untouched,
+// so the op is still the client's to send: 503 (the store refused on
+// capacity) and 429 (the caller is over the op-write cap, whose window
+// resets). The WS transport reads its own rate refusal the same way, as an
+// `unavailable` the shed recovery re-asserts, and the two transports carry
+// the same ops, so a refusal cannot mean "later" on one and "never" on the
+// other. Every other status is an answer about the op itself and repeats
+// however many times it is sent.
+function opWriteIsRetryable(status: number): boolean {
+  return status === 503 || status === 429;
+}
+
+// The HTTP transport's rendering of the same refusal `op_rejected` carries on
+// the socket: the document is full. 507 is the status, and the body's `code`
+// is checked beside it so the classification does not rest on a status a
+// proxy in front of the api could rewrite.
+function isCapacityRefusal(status: number, parsed: unknown): boolean {
+  if (status === 507) return true;
+  return (parsed as { code?: unknown } | undefined | null)?.code === 'at_capacity';
+}
+
+// A failure uploading an oversized op's blob to storage. It carries its own
+// type because staging runs strictly BEFORE the op write, so what a replay
+// means differs from a throw out of the write itself: nothing durable exists
+// yet and the op is still the client's to send, where a throw mid-write
+// leaves it unknown whether the row landed.
+class OpStagingError extends Error {
+  override name = 'OpStagingError';
+  // The upstream status, or null for a request that drew no answer at all.
+  readonly status: number | null;
+  constructor(status: number | null, message: string) {
+    super(message);
+    this.status = status;
+  }
+}
+
+// Whether staging the blob again is the right move: a status the op write
+// itself replays replays here for the same reason, and a request that drew
+// no answer wrote nothing either.
+function opStagingIsRetryable(err: OpStagingError): boolean {
+  return err.status === null || opWriteIsRetryable(err.status);
+}
+
+function asOpStagingError(err: unknown): OpStagingError {
+  if (err instanceof OpStagingError) return err;
+  const status = err instanceof BrassError ? err.status ?? null : null;
+  return new OpStagingError(
+    status,
+    err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
+  );
+}
+
+function isServerUnavailableFrame(frame: unknown): boolean {
+  if (typeof frame !== 'object' || frame === null) return false;
+  const f = frame as Record<string, unknown>;
+  return f.type === 'error' && f.reason === 'unavailable';
+}
+
 // The message surfaced through the error reporter for a terminal op rejection.
 // Prefers the server's copy; falls back to a generic, actionable line. The
 // local edit already applied but can never persist, so the app's cue is to
@@ -554,6 +933,45 @@ function opRejectedMessage(frame: OpRejectedFrame): string {
   return 'A change could not be saved and will not be retried. Reload the document to continue.';
 }
 
+// The one rejection reason that describes the DOCUMENT rather than the op:
+// every later write meets it too, so the app is told once about the document
+// instead of once per refused edit. Matched on the reason string rather than
+// on the message, which is copy and may be reworded.
+const OP_REJECTED_AT_CAPACITY = 'at_capacity';
+
+// Whether the document refused this write because of its size. The server
+// distinguishes a branch that refuses everything from one that refuses only
+// growth, and picks the wording accordingly; the client does not, because both
+// leave refused work on this copy and nowhere else and the answer to that is
+// the same one.
+function isCapacityRejection(frame: OpRejectedFrame): boolean {
+  return frame.reason === OP_REJECTED_AT_CAPACITY;
+}
+
+// Which refusals describe the WRITER rather than the op. The server reads
+// write authority once, when the connection subscribes, so a refusal on
+// either of these grounds answers every later op the same way: the reader
+// cannot write to this document at all, and the Document says so through
+// `readOnly` instead of letting the app offer edits that keep failing. A
+// refusal about the op itself (too large, a bad topic) leaves the document
+// writable, because the next op may well be accepted.
+//
+// A Map rather than an object literal because the key is a wire string: an
+// object answers for the names it inherits, so a reason reading `constructor`
+// or `toString` would resolve a function and lock the document, which is the
+// opposite of what an unclassified refusal means.
+const READ_ONLY_REJECTION_REASONS = new Map<string, ReadOnlyReason>([
+  ['role_denied', 'grant'],
+  ['scope_denied', 'app'],
+]);
+
+function readOnlyReasonForRejection(
+  frame: OpRejectedFrame,
+): ReadOnlyReason | null {
+  if (typeof frame.reason !== 'string') return null;
+  return READ_ONLY_REJECTION_REASONS.get(frame.reason) ?? null;
+}
+
 function isDocGoneFrame(frame: unknown): frame is DocGoneFrame {
   if (typeof frame !== 'object' || frame === null) return false;
   const f = frame as Record<string, unknown>;
@@ -593,6 +1011,25 @@ function isDocStatusFrame(frame: unknown): frame is DocStatusFrame {
   return typeof st.pending === 'boolean';
 }
 
+// `message` is typed non-null and rendered verbatim, while the wire gates
+// only on `pending`, so default it here.
+function normalizeWorkStatus(status: DocumentWorkStatus): DocumentWorkStatus {
+  return {
+    ...status,
+    message: typeof status.message === 'string' ? status.message : '',
+  };
+}
+
+// The opaque work status a join response carries, or `null` when it carries
+// none. Gates on `pending` like `isDocStatusFrame`; the rest is display data
+// read defensively at the use site.
+function parseWorkStatus(value: unknown): DocumentWorkStatus | null {
+  if (typeof value !== 'object' || value === null) return null;
+  const status = value as DocumentWorkStatus;
+  if (typeof status.pending !== 'boolean') return null;
+  return normalizeWorkStatus(status);
+}
+
 function isDocMetaFrame(frame: unknown): frame is DocMetaFrame {
   if (typeof frame !== 'object' || frame === null) return false;
   const f = frame as Record<string, unknown>;
@@ -603,6 +1040,15 @@ function isDocMetaFrame(frame: unknown): frame is DocMetaFrame {
   );
 }
 
+function isDocDrivePublishFrame(frame: unknown): frame is DocDrivePublishFrame {
+  if (typeof frame !== 'object' || frame === null) return false;
+  const f = frame as Record<string, unknown>;
+  if (f.type !== 'doc_drive_publish' || typeof f.topic !== 'string') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return typeof f.publish === 'object' && f.publish !== null;
+}
+
 function isDocDriveStatusFrame(frame: unknown): frame is DocDriveStatusFrame {
   if (typeof frame !== 'object' || frame === null) return false;
   const f = frame as Record<string, unknown>;
@@ -625,12 +1071,10 @@ function isDocDriveStatusFrame(frame: unknown): frame is DocDriveStatusFrame {
 function isDocOpsDroppedFrame(frame: unknown): frame is DocOpsDroppedFrame {
   if (typeof frame !== 'object' || frame === null) return false;
   const f = frame as Record<string, unknown>;
-  return (
-    f.type === 'doc_ops_dropped' &&
-    typeof f.topic === 'string' &&
-    Array.isArray(f.dropped_seqs) &&
-    typeof f.actor === 'string'
-  );
+  // Gate on the discriminant alone. The handler reads no other field, so a
+  // frame whose informational half changed shape (or went away) must still
+  // prompt the durability re-check it is sent for.
+  return f.type === 'doc_ops_dropped' && typeof f.topic === 'string';
 }
 
 function defaultClientOpIdMinter(): string {
@@ -679,6 +1123,18 @@ function isSnapshotResponse(body: unknown): body is DocumentSnapshotResponse {
   return true;
 }
 
+// Fold the join's write verdict into the Document options, so a reader the
+// server will not accept writes from opens read-only instead of learning it
+// from the first refused op. Only ever ADDS the restriction: a caller that
+// asked for a read-only Document keeps it whatever the grant says.
+function readOnlyForGrant(
+  body: DocumentSnapshotResponse,
+  options: DocumentOptions | undefined,
+): DocumentOptions | undefined {
+  if (body.can_edit !== false) return options;
+  return { ...options, readOnly: true, readOnlyReason: 'grant' };
+}
+
 function isAtVersionResponse(
   body: unknown,
 ): body is DocumentAtVersionResponse {
@@ -732,14 +1188,30 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     applyClientVersionHeader(headers);
     await applyAppAssertionHeader(headers, opts.getAppAssertion);
     const endFetch = perfStart('open: GET /documents (http + read body)');
-    // Idempotent read: ride out a cold-API transient 5xx / 429 (a 503
-    // while the API scales into a concurrent open burst is the common
-    // one) instead of failing the open on a blip that clears in a second.
-    const response = await fetchWithRetry(() =>
-      fetch(url, {
-        method: 'GET',
-        headers,
-      }),
+    // Idempotent read: ride out a transient 5xx / 429 instead of failing the
+    // open on something that clears on its own.
+    //
+    // Longer than the default handful of attempts because of what a 503 means
+    // on this route: the document is intact and its storage is busy. Every op
+    // row a document has shares one partition, so the document most likely to
+    // answer 503 is one that was just written hard, which is exactly the
+    // moment a person reloads to see their work. That pressure clears over
+    // tens of seconds, not the one second the default budget spans, and the
+    // cost of giving up early is telling someone their document will not open
+    // when waiting would have opened it.
+    //
+    // A thrown request gets a short budget of its own: it never reached the
+    // API, so the busy partition is not what is wrong, and a blocked origin
+    // or a host that does not resolve answers the seventh attempt as it
+    // answered the first, with the reader watching a loading surface
+    // throughout.
+    const response = await fetchWithRetry(
+      () =>
+        fetch(url, {
+          method: 'GET',
+          headers,
+        }),
+      { maxAttempts: 7, baseDelayMs: 700, maxNetworkAttempts: 3 },
     );
     const text = await response.text();
     endFetch({ status: response.status, responseChars: text.length });
@@ -752,7 +1224,7 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
         parseFailed = true;
       }
     }
-    await resolveParsedTailOps(parsed);
+    await resolveParsedTailOps(parsed, options?.onSnapshotProgress);
     return { status: response.status, parsed, parseFailed };
   }
 
@@ -898,37 +1370,54 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     opBlobB64: string,
     token: string,
   ): Promise<string> {
-    const headers: Record<string, string> = {
-      authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
-      'content-type': 'application/json',
-    };
-    applyClientVersionHeader(headers);
-    await applyAppAssertionHeader(headers, opts.getAppAssertion);
-    const mint = await fetch(
-      `${baseUrl}/documents/${encodeURIComponent(docId)}/ops/upload`,
-      { method: 'POST', headers, body: '{}' },
-    );
-    if (!mint.ok) {
-      const text = await mint.text();
-      let parsed: unknown = undefined;
+    // Everything in here happens before the op write, so every failure it
+    // can take is tagged as one: what the tag buys the writer is the right
+    // to send the op again, which a failure of the write itself does not
+    // carry.
+    try {
+      const headers: Record<string, string> = {
+        authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+      };
+      applyClientVersionHeader(headers);
+      await applyAppAssertionHeader(headers, opts.getAppAssertion);
+      const mint = await fetchWithDeadline(
+        `${baseUrl}/documents/${encodeURIComponent(docId)}/ops/upload`,
+        { method: 'POST', headers, body: '{}' },
+        OP_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+      );
+      let minted: unknown = undefined;
       try {
-        parsed = text ? JSON.parse(text) : undefined;
+        minted = mint.text ? JSON.parse(mint.text) : undefined;
       } catch {
-        parsed = undefined;
+        minted = undefined;
       }
-      throw brassErrorFromBody(mint.status, parsed);
-    }
-    const body = (await mint.json()) as { upload_key?: unknown; url?: unknown };
-    if (typeof body.upload_key !== 'string' || typeof body.url !== 'string') {
-      throw new BrassError('Malformed op upload response', { status: 500 });
-    }
-    const endUpload = perfStart('op: PUT staged op blob');
-    const put = await fetch(body.url, { method: 'PUT', body: opBlobB64 });
-    endUpload({ status: put.status, opChars: opBlobB64.length });
-    if (!put.ok) {
-      throw new BrassError('Could not upload the update', { status: put.status });
+      if (!mint.ok) {
+        throw brassErrorFromBody(mint.status, minted);
+      }
+      const body = (minted ?? {}) as {
+        upload_key?: unknown;
+        url?: unknown;
+      };
+      if (typeof body.upload_key !== 'string' || typeof body.url !== 'string') {
+        throw new BrassError('Malformed op upload response', { status: 500 });
+      }
+      const endUpload = perfStart('op: PUT staged op blob');
+      const put = await fetchWithDeadline(
+        body.url,
+        { method: 'PUT', body: opBlobB64 },
+        deadlineForUpload(opBlobB64.length),
+      );
+      endUpload({ status: put.status, opChars: opBlobB64.length });
+      if (!put.ok) {
+        throw new BrassError('Could not upload the update', {
+          status: put.status,
+        });
+      }
+      return body.upload_key;
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw asOpStagingError(err);
     }
-    return body.upload_key;
   }
 
   async function postDocumentOp(
@@ -952,7 +1441,7 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
       stagedKey = await stageOpBlob(docId, opBlobB64, token);
     }
     const endFetch = perfStart('op: POST /documents/{id}/ops');
-    const response = await fetch(
+    const response = await fetchWithDeadline(
       `${baseUrl}/documents/${encodeURIComponent(docId)}/ops`,
       {
         method: 'POST',
@@ -965,12 +1454,14 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
           client_op_id: clientOpId,
         }),
       },
+      // An op under the staging threshold travels inline, so this request
+      // carries the blob and its deadline has to allow for sending it.
+      deadlineForUpload(stagedKey === undefined ? opBlobB64.length : 0),
     );
-    const text = await response.text();
     endFetch({ status: response.status, opChars: opBlobB64.length });
     let parsed: unknown = undefined;
     try {
-      parsed = text ? JSON.parse(text) : undefined;
+      parsed = response.text ? JSON.parse(response.text) : undefined;
     } catch {
       parsed = undefined;
     }
@@ -1136,7 +1627,9 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
         status: 500,
       });
     }
-    const doc = await materialise(parsed);
+    // A stream's write authority is the document's, so the line opens
+    // read-only for the same reader the document opens read-only for.
+    const doc = await materialise(parsed, readOnlyForGrant(parsed, undefined));
     // A stream line materializes at a historical seq the same way the
     // default line does, so the parent's version preview can bring this
     // stream to a point in time (`doc.stream(name)._previewAt(seq)`). The
@@ -1154,8 +1647,15 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
       ),
       typeof parsed.current_seq === 'number' ? parsed.current_seq : 0,
     );
-    let coveredSeq =
-      typeof parsed.current_seq === 'number' ? parsed.current_seq : 0;
+    const lineTailSeqs = parsed.tail_ops.map((entry) => entry.seq);
+    let coveredSeq = joinCoverageFloor(
+      snapshotSeqOf(
+        parsed.snapshot_seq,
+        lineTailSeqs,
+        typeof parsed.current_seq === 'number' ? parsed.current_seq : 0,
+      ),
+      lineTailSeqs,
+    );
     const coverageParked = new Set<number>();
     const advanceCoverage = (seq: number): void => {
       if (seq <= coveredSeq) return;
@@ -1165,45 +1665,77 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
         coveredSeq += 1;
       }
     };
+    const raiseCoverage = (floor: number): void => {
+      if (floor > coveredSeq) coveredSeq = floor;
+      for (const seq of coverageParked) {
+        if (seq <= coveredSeq) coverageParked.delete(seq);
+      }
+      while (coverageParked.has(coveredSeq + 1)) {
+        coverageParked.delete(coveredSeq + 1);
+        coveredSeq += 1;
+      }
+    };
     for (const entry of parsed.tail_ops) advanceCoverage(entry.seq);
 
-    // Reconnect-across-compaction recovery: re-import the line's join.
-    // Loro imports are idempotent, so re-applying over live state is a
-    // clean merge.
-    const resyncFromSnapshot = (): void => {
-      void (async () => {
-        try {
-          const t = await requireToken();
-          const res = await fetchSnapshot(docId, { branch: lineId }, t);
-          if (res.status < 200 || res.status >= 300) return;
-          if (!isSnapshotResponse(res.parsed)) return;
-          const snap = res.parsed.snapshot;
-          if (snap !== null) {
-            const bytes =
-              snap.kind === 'inline'
-                ? base64ToBytes(snap.data_b64)
-                : await fetchPresignedSnapshot(snap.url);
-            doc._applySnapshot(bytes);
-          }
-          for (const entry of res.parsed.tail_ops) {
-            doc.applyRemoteOp(base64ToBytes(entry.op_blob_b64));
-            if (entry.seq > currentSeq) currentSeq = entry.seq;
-            advanceCoverage(entry.seq);
-          }
-          const joined = res.parsed.current_seq;
-          if (typeof joined === 'number') {
-            if (joined > currentSeq) currentSeq = joined;
-            if (joined > coveredSeq) {
-              coveredSeq = joined;
-              for (const seq of coverageParked) {
-                if (seq <= coveredSeq) coverageParked.delete(seq);
-              }
+    // Re-import the line's join: the reconnect-across-compaction recovery,
+    // and the answer to a catch-up prompt. Loro imports are idempotent, so
+    // re-applying over live state is a clean merge.
+    //
+    // Coalesced and delivery-honest for the same reasons the default line
+    // is: a prompt during a fetch is the only notice of that op the line
+    // gets, and a join's `current_seq` names seqs whose rows the tail query
+    // could not see yet.
+    let lineResyncRun: Promise<void> | null = null;
+    let lineResyncAgain = false;
+    const runLineResync = async (): Promise<void> => {
+      try {
+        do {
+          lineResyncAgain = false;
+          try {
+            const t = await requireToken();
+            const res = await fetchSnapshot(docId, { branch: lineId }, t);
+            if (res.status < 200 || res.status >= 300) continue;
+            if (!isSnapshotResponse(res.parsed)) continue;
+            const snap = res.parsed.snapshot;
+            if (snap !== null) {
+              const bytes =
+                snap.kind === 'inline'
+                  ? base64ToBytes(snap.data_b64)
+                  : await fetchPresignedSnapshot(snap.url);
+              doc._applySnapshot(bytes);
             }
+            const seqs: number[] = [];
+            for (const entry of res.parsed.tail_ops) {
+              doc.applyRemoteOp(base64ToBytes(entry.op_blob_b64));
+              if (entry.seq > currentSeq) currentSeq = entry.seq;
+              seqs.push(entry.seq);
+            }
+            const joined = res.parsed.current_seq;
+            if (typeof joined === 'number' && joined > currentSeq) {
+              currentSeq = joined;
+            }
+            raiseCoverage(
+              joinCoverageFloor(
+                snapshotSeqOf(res.parsed.snapshot_seq, seqs, currentSeq),
+                seqs,
+              ),
+            );
+            for (const seq of seqs) advanceCoverage(seq);
+          } catch {
+            // Best-effort; the next prompt or doc_init retries.
           }
-        } catch {
-          // Best-effort; the next doc_init retries.
-        }
-      })();
+        } while (lineResyncAgain);
+      } finally {
+        lineResyncRun = null;
+      }
+    };
+    const resyncFromSnapshot = (): Promise<void> => {
+      if (lineResyncRun !== null) {
+        lineResyncAgain = true;
+        return lineResyncRun;
+      }
+      lineResyncRun = runLineResync();
+      return lineResyncRun;
     };
 
     // Write an op the socket cannot carry. The op stays one commit and
@@ -1212,7 +1744,7 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     const postOversizedOp = async (
       opBlobB64: string,
       clientOpId: string,
-    ): Promise<{ ok: true; seq: number } | { ok: false; message: string }> => {
+    ): Promise<OversizedOpResult> => {
       const token = await requireToken();
       const { status, parsed: opResult } = await postDocumentOp(
         docId,
@@ -1222,11 +1754,23 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
         token,
       );
       if (status < 200 || status >= 300) {
-        return { ok: false, message: opWriteFailureMessage(status, opResult) };
+        return {
+          ok: false,
+          message: opWriteFailureMessage(status, opResult),
+          retryable: opWriteIsRetryable(status),
+          atCapacity: isCapacityRefusal(status, opResult),
+          // The route answers 403 when the caller's grant carries no write
+          // access, which is the HTTP face of the socket's `role_denied`.
+          ...(status === 403 ? { readOnly: 'grant' as const } : {}),
+        };
       }
       const seq = (opResult as { seq?: unknown } | undefined)?.seq;
       if (typeof seq !== 'number') {
-        return { ok: false, message: 'The server did not report a version for this change.' };
+        return {
+          ok: false,
+          message: 'The server did not report a version for this change.',
+          retryable: false,
+        };
       }
       return { ok: true, seq };
     };
@@ -1267,17 +1811,26 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     }
     const doc = await materialise(
       parsed,
-      options?.documentOptions,
+      readOnlyForGrant(parsed, options?.documentOptions),
       options?.onSnapshotProgress,
     );
     // Populate `doc.status` from the join before the first `doc_status` frame
     // (a stub opened mid-hydration returns `snapshot: null` + a `pending`
     // status).
     if (parsed.status !== undefined) doc._emitStatus(parsed.status);
+    // Whether this app is the one to serialize the document, which is what
+    // decides whether a push carries bytes. Answered by the server for the
+    // caller's own app and only on the join, since the fanout frame is one
+    // payload for every subscriber and has no caller to answer for.
+    doc._setExportRunsHere(parsed.calling_app_exports === true);
     // Seed `doc.driveStatus` from the join before the first
     // `doc_drive_status` frame.
     if (parsed.drive !== undefined) {
       doc._emitDriveStatus(toDriveStatus(parsed.drive));
+    } else {
+      // Only for a document that mirrors nothing: a mirror publishes through
+      // its link, and `_emitDriveStatus` clears any targets anyway.
+      doc._setPublishTarget(toPublishTarget(parsed.drive_publish_target));
     }
     // Highest seq seen; later `doc_op` / `op_ack` frames advance it. Kept in
     // a closure, not on the Document: it is a transport concern, not CRDT
@@ -1296,10 +1849,21 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     // then can't tell "caught up" from "missed ops since compacted into the
     // snapshot". The floor never overestimates, so the `doc_init` resync
     // check always detects such a hole (at worst a transient out-of-order
-    // arrival costs one idempotent re-fetch). Seeded from the consistent-read
-    // join's `current_seq`.
-    let coveredSeq =
-      typeof parsed.current_seq === 'number' ? parsed.current_seq : 0;
+    // arrival costs one idempotent re-fetch).
+    //
+    // Seeded from what this join DELIVERED, which is its snapshot plus the
+    // unbroken run of tail seqs above it, never from `current_seq`: a join
+    // read while someone writes in bulk reports a counter above the rows it
+    // could see, and seeding from the counter opens the document already
+    // claiming ops it does not hold.
+    let coveredSeq = joinCoverageFloor(
+      snapshotSeqOf(
+        parsed.snapshot_seq,
+        parsed.tail_ops.map((entry) => entry.seq),
+        typeof parsed.current_seq === 'number' ? parsed.current_seq : 0,
+      ),
+      parsed.tail_ops.map((entry) => entry.seq),
+    );
     // Seqs applied above the floor, parked until the gap below fills.
     const coverageParked = new Set<number>();
     const drainCoverage = (): void => {
@@ -1313,9 +1877,11 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
       coverageParked.add(seq);
       drainCoverage();
     };
-    // Mark everything at or below `floor` covered (a full consistent join was
-    // imported). Also steps the floor past any abandoned server-side seq
-    // (allocated, never written) that `advanceCoverage` would stall under.
+    // Mark everything at or below `floor` covered. The caller owes the
+    // guarantee that goes with it: every seq under `floor` is applied, or
+    // folded into a snapshot this doc imported. Coverage is what retires a
+    // catch-up prompt, so a floor taken from anything looser than that is a
+    // reader quietly deciding it holds ops nobody sent it.
     const raiseCoverage = (floor: number): void => {
       if (floor > coveredSeq) coveredSeq = floor;
       for (const seq of coverageParked) {
@@ -1386,14 +1952,38 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
         if (entry.seq > currentSeq) currentSeq = entry.seq;
         if (entry.seq > maxTailSeq) maxTailSeq = entry.seq;
       }
-      // Raise both cursors so the floor reflects the import (this clears a
-      // detected missed-compaction hole).
       const fetchedSeq =
         typeof result.parsed.current_seq === 'number'
           ? result.parsed.current_seq
           : maxTailSeq;
       if (fetchedSeq > currentSeq) currentSeq = fetchedSeq;
-      raiseCoverage(fetchedSeq);
+      // Coverage moves to what this response DELIVERED, not to the head it
+      // reported. The two differ exactly when it matters: the head is the
+      // branch's seq counter, bumped when a seq is handed out rather than
+      // when its row is written, so a join read during a bulk write names
+      // ops the tail query could not see. Crediting the head marks those
+      // seqs covered, and the prompts that would fetch them then short
+      // circuit, which is a reader left permanently short of a write it
+      // watched land.
+      //
+      // The cost is that a seq allocated and never written (a failed op
+      // write leaves a hole rather than a duplicate) now stalls the floor
+      // under it. That resolves at the next compaction, which folds the tail
+      // past the hole and raises `snapshot_seq` over it; until then the gap
+      // pull's own budget is what stops the reader asking forever.
+      const tailSeqs = sortedTail.map((entry) => entry.seq);
+      // A snapshot only counts as a floor once its bytes are in: a shape this
+      // pin does not decode leaves `snapshot_seq` describing content the doc
+      // never received, and the tail alone is then what it holds.
+      if (snapshotBytes !== null || result.parsed.snapshot === null) {
+        raiseCoverage(
+          joinCoverageFloor(
+            snapshotSeqOf(result.parsed.snapshot_seq, tailSeqs, fetchedSeq),
+            tailSeqs,
+          ),
+        );
+      }
+      for (const seq of tailSeqs) advanceCoverage(seq);
       endPerf({
         ok: true,
         snapshotBytes: snapshotBytes?.byteLength ?? 0,
@@ -1429,27 +2019,55 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
       return out;
     };
 
-    let resyncInFlight = false;
-    const resyncFromSnapshot = (): void => {
-      if (resyncInFlight) return;
-      resyncInFlight = true;
-      void (async () => {
-        try {
-          const outcome = await refetchAndImport();
-          if (!outcome.ok) {
+    // Coalesced, not skipped. A prompt that lands while a join is in flight
+    // is a statement that the document has moved past what that join can
+    // possibly carry, so dropping it loses the only notice this reader gets:
+    // the server posts each prompt once, and a passive reader has no ack or
+    // op of its own to notice the shortfall from. A bulk write is a run of
+    // prompts (every op past the frame bound takes the HTTP route and
+    // prompts each subscriber), and under a plain skip-if-in-flight the
+    // whole run collapses into the one or two joins that happened not to be
+    // busy, which is a reader stranded partway through a write it watched.
+    //
+    // `resyncAgain` is a flag rather than a queue because a join reads the
+    // whole document: one more pass answers every prompt that arrived during
+    // this one. The loop therefore runs at most one extra fetch after the
+    // last prompt, and settles when the writer stops.
+    //
+    // The returned promise settles when the last pass this call is
+    // responsible for has landed, so a caller deciding whether the reader is
+    // still short reads the floor after the work rather than during it.
+    let resyncRun: Promise<void> | null = null;
+    let resyncAgain = false;
+    const runResync = async (): Promise<void> => {
+      try {
+        do {
+          resyncAgain = false;
+          try {
+            const outcome = await refetchAndImport();
+            if (!outcome.ok) {
+              console.error(
+                'Brass: document resync after reconnect failed; state may lag until the next reconnect or reload',
+              );
+            }
+          } catch (err) {
             console.error(
               'Brass: document resync after reconnect failed; state may lag until the next reconnect or reload',
+              err,
             );
           }
-        } catch (err) {
-          console.error(
-            'Brass: document resync after reconnect failed; state may lag until the next reconnect or reload',
-            err,
-          );
-        } finally {
-          resyncInFlight = false;
-        }
-      })();
+        } while (resyncAgain);
+      } finally {
+        resyncRun = null;
+      }
+    };
+    const resyncFromSnapshot = (): Promise<void> => {
+      if (resyncRun !== null) {
+        resyncAgain = true;
+        return resyncRun;
+      }
+      resyncRun = runResync();
+      return resyncRun;
     };
 
     // When a doc opened mid-load finishes, pull the now-available content
@@ -1457,90 +2075,84 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     // called on the server's authoritative `reload` hint, so it never has to
     // tell success from failure: a failure carries no `reload`, so no racy
     // read and no loop against a failed hydration.
-    //
-    // A failed fetch here is transient (network, dropped presigned download)
-    // and is retried with backoff: a silent give-up would strand the doc
-    // empty-but-editable, reading as "the model never loaded" and invisible
-    // in every log. On exhaustion the failure is reported and the terminal
-    // status is an honest failure, not the server's success copy.
     let reloadInFlight = false;
-    const RELOAD_ATTEMPTS = 5;
-    const RELOAD_BACKOFF_MS = 1000;
+    let reconcileInFlight = false;
+    // A terminal frame that lands while the subscribe-time reconcile is still
+    // fetching waits for it: two concurrent imports each clear the undo stack
+    // and race their terminal emits, and dropping the frame would leave a
+    // reconcile that read the row too early sitting on the pending overlay.
+    let deferredReload: DocumentWorkStatus | null = null;
+    // Armed when the pull below gives up. The work is terminal server-side, so
+    // no further status frame arrives, and later ops are causally dependent on
+    // a snapshot this client never imported (Loro buffers them and the doc
+    // stays empty), so the next frame on the topic drives one more attempt.
+    let retryPullOnNextFrame = false;
     const reloadAfterHydration = (finalStatus: DocumentWorkStatus): void => {
       if (reloadInFlight) return;
+      if (reconcileInFlight) {
+        deferredReload = finalStatus;
+        return;
+      }
       reloadInFlight = true;
       void (async () => {
-        let lastError: Error | null = null;
-        for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= RELOAD_ATTEMPTS; attempt += 1) {
-          try {
-            const outcome = await refetchAndImport();
-            if (outcome.ok) {
-              reloadInFlight = false;
-              // Emit the terminal status AFTER the import settles, so an app
-              // re-reading on `onStatus` sees the content present and (with
-              // `readOnly` now false) clears its loading overlay.
-              doc._emitStatus(finalStatus);
-              return;
-            }
-            lastError = new Error(outcome.reason);
-          } catch (err) {
-            lastError = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err));
-          }
-          // A retrying attempt is exceptional, so this warn is quiet in
-          // normal operation and decisive in a bug report; without it a
-          // failure here is undiagnosable from any log.
-          console.warn(
-            `[Brass] document content reload attempt ${attempt}/${RELOAD_ATTEMPTS} failed (doc ${docId}): ${lastError.message}`,
-          );
-          if (attempt < RELOAD_ATTEMPTS) {
-            await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, RELOAD_BACKOFF_MS * attempt));
-          }
-        }
-        reloadInFlight = false;
-        const error = new BrassError(
-          `Document content reload failed after ${RELOAD_ATTEMPTS} attempts: ${lastError?.message ?? 'unknown error'}`,
-          { status: 0 },
-        );
-        if (opts.reportError) opts.reportError(error);
-        else console.error('[Brass]', error);
-        doc._emitStatus({
-          message: 'The model could not be loaded. Reload to try again.',
-          pending: false,
+        const imported = await pullContentWithRetry({
+          doc,
+          docId,
+          finalStatus,
+          fetchAndImport: refetchAndImport,
+          ...(opts.reportError ? { reportError: opts.reportError } : {}),
         });
+        reloadInFlight = false;
+        retryPullOnNextFrame = !imported;
       })();
     };
 
+    // Evidence the document moved on the server after a give-up: one more
+    // pull, which on success imports the content and releases the lock the
+    // failed terminal status left in place.
+    const retryContentPull = (): void => {
+      if (!retryPullOnNextFrame) return;
+      retryPullOnNextFrame = false;
+      reloadAfterHydration(WORK_READY_STATUS);
+    };
+
     // Reconcile a pending open once the live subscription exists. The
     // terminal `doc_status` frame is best-effort: if hydration finishes
-    // before this client's SUB# row exists, the fan-out finds no subscriber
+    // before this client's subscription record exists, the fan-out finds no subscriber
     // and drops the frame, stranding the app on the pending overlay. `doc_init`
-    // is posted only after the SUB# row is written, so one re-fetch here
+    // is posted only after the subscription record is written, so one re-fetch here
     // closes the gap for a completion that landed before the row existed.
     // Only a pending open pays the extra fetch.
-    let reconcileInFlight = false;
     const reconcileStatusOnInit = (): void => {
       const current = doc.status;
       if (!current || !current.pending) return;
       if (reconcileInFlight || reloadInFlight) return;
       reconcileInFlight = true;
       void (async () => {
+        let settled = false;
         try {
           const outcome = await refetchAndImport();
           if (!outcome.ok) return;
           // Still pending: leave the overlay up; subscribed now, so the live
           // fan-out delivers the terminal frame when the work finishes.
           if (outcome.status?.pending) return;
-          // Terminal. A present status is a failure (server message,
-          // pending:false); an absent status is success. On success retain
-          // the last server message and flip pending so the overlay clears.
-          doc._emitStatus(
-            outcome.status ?? { message: current.message, pending: false },
-          );
+          settled = true;
+          // Terminal. A status the server still holds is a failure (success
+          // clears the row), and its absence is the success this import just
+          // pulled the content for, reported as the same terminal frame the
+          // platform sends on that transition.
+          if (outcome.status) doc._emitStatus(outcome.status);
+          else doc._emitStatus(WORK_READY_STATUS, { contentLoaded: true });
         } catch {
           // Best-effort; the live fan-out remains the primary path when
           // the work finishes after this subscribe.
         } finally {
           reconcileInFlight = false;
+          const deferred = deferredReload;
+          deferredReload = null;
+          // A settled reconcile imported the content itself, so the held
+          // frame has nothing left to pull.
+          if (deferred && !settled) reloadAfterHydration(deferred);
         }
       })();
     };
@@ -1552,7 +2164,7 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     const postOversizedOp = async (
       opBlobB64: string,
       clientOpId: string,
-    ): Promise<{ ok: true; seq: number } | { ok: false; message: string }> => {
+    ): Promise<OversizedOpResult> => {
       const token = await requireToken();
       const { status, parsed: opResult } = await postDocumentOp(
         docId,
@@ -1562,13 +2174,22 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
         token,
       );
       if (status < 200 || status >= 300) {
-        return { ok: false, message: opWriteFailureMessage(status, opResult) };
+        return {
+          ok: false,
+          message: opWriteFailureMessage(status, opResult),
+          retryable: opWriteIsRetryable(status),
+          atCapacity: isCapacityRefusal(status, opResult),
+          // The route answers 403 when the caller's grant carries no write
+          // access, which is the HTTP face of the socket's `role_denied`.
+          ...(status === 403 ? { readOnly: 'grant' as const } : {}),
+        };
       }
       const seq = (opResult as { seq?: unknown } | undefined)?.seq;
       if (typeof seq !== 'number') {
         return {
           ok: false,
           message: 'The server did not report a version for this change.',
+          retryable: false,
         };
       }
       return { ok: true, seq };
@@ -1587,6 +2208,10 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
           ? { requestedBranchId: options.branch }
           : {}),
         ...(options?.stream !== undefined ? { requestedStream: options.stream } : {}),
+        ...(options?.documentOptions !== undefined
+          ? { documentOptions: options.documentOptions }
+          : {}),
+        ...(opts.identity !== undefined ? { identity: opts.identity } : {}),
         wsClient: opts.wsClient,
         postOversizedOp,
         newClientOpId: opts.newClientOpId ?? defaultClientOpIdMinter,
@@ -1600,6 +2225,7 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
         refetchDurableFrontier,
         reloadAfterHydration,
         reconcileStatusOnInit,
+        onDocumentMoved: retryContentPull,
       });
     }
     // `doc._checkoutVersion(v)` calls back here to materialise historical
@@ -1624,6 +2250,7 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
         await uploader(doc, image, width, height);
       });
     }
+    doc._setThumbnailVersion(parsed.thumbnail?.version ?? null);
     if (opts.checkpointCreator) {
       const creator = opts.checkpointCreator;
       doc.setCheckpointCreator(() => creator(doc));
@@ -1746,6 +2373,11 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
         parseFailed = true;
       }
     }
+    // A tail op whose bytes spilled to storage arrives as a signed URL, and
+    // a guest join carries them exactly as a signed-in one does. The URL
+    // carries its own signature, so an anonymous reader fetches it with the
+    // same call. Resolving here is what lets `materialise` see one shape.
+    await resolveParsedTailOps(parsed);
     return { status: response.status, parsed, parseFailed };
   }
 
@@ -1812,6 +2444,7 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
       current_seq?: unknown;
       name?: unknown;
       link_role?: unknown;
+      status?: unknown;
     };
     if (
       typeof b.doc_id !== 'string' ||
@@ -1823,7 +2456,7 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     // The link's grant decides read vs write. An `editor` link is anonymous
     // EDIT: a live Document (not read-only) whose local mutations ship over
     // the same token-authenticated socket, with the server admitting the
-    // op-write because the guest's SUB# row carries `role: editor`. A
+    // op-write because the guest's subscription record carries `role: editor`. A
     // `viewer` link (the default) is read-only: mutate throws and only
     // inbound frames apply.
     const canEdit = b.link_role === 'editor';
@@ -1840,8 +2473,19 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     // The view carries the document's display name; set it so the guest
     // sees the title (the signed-in open gets this from `finalise`).
     if (typeof b.name === 'string') doc._setName(b.name);
+    // A link opened while the platform is still preparing the document
+    // carries the same opaque work status the signed-in join does, and the
+    // guest's own topic delivers the phases after it. Seeded before the
+    // transport so the app renders the wait rather than an empty document.
+    const linkStatus = parseWorkStatus(b.status);
+    if (linkStatus) doc._emitStatus(linkStatus);
+    // An edit link's writes fail the same ways a member's do (a shed the
+    // budget outlived, a link revoked mid-edit), and the app hears those
+    // through the same channel it hears a member's, so the reporter is
+    // wired here as `finalise` wires it for a signed-in open.
+    if (opts.reportError) doc.setErrorReporter(opts.reportError);
 
-    wireGuestTransport(doc, b.doc_id, b.branch_id, canEdit);
+    wireGuestTransport(doc, token, b.doc_id, b.branch_id, canEdit);
 
     // Streams: a guest resolves `doc.stream(name)` through the token
     // routes. `list` hits the anonymous manifest; `openLine` joins the
@@ -1883,7 +2527,8 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
           },
           { readOnly: !canEdit },
         );
-        wireGuestTransport(inner, lb.doc_id, lb.branch_id, canEdit);
+        if (opts.reportError) inner.setErrorReporter(opts.reportError);
+        wireGuestTransport(inner, token, lb.doc_id, lb.branch_id, canEdit);
         return inner;
       },
       create: () => {
@@ -1895,17 +2540,55 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     return doc;
   };
 
+  // Write a guest's op over HTTP: `POST /links/{token}/ops`, the anonymous
+  // counterpart of `POST /documents/{docId}/ops`. Sends NO Authorization
+  // header (the token is the credential) and names the line the guest
+  // opened, which is the branch its socket topic is scoped to.
+  async function postLinkOp(
+    token: string,
+    lineId: string,
+    opBlobB64: string,
+    clientOpId: string,
+  ): Promise<{ status: number; parsed: unknown }> {
+    const response = await fetch(
+      `${baseUrl}/links/${encodeURIComponent(token)}/ops`,
+      {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          op_blob: opBlobB64,
+          branch_id: lineId,
+          client_op_id: clientOpId,
+        }),
+      },
+    );
+    const text = await response.text();
+    let parsed: unknown = undefined;
+    try {
+      parsed = text ? JSON.parse(text) : undefined;
+    } catch {
+      parsed = undefined;
+    }
+    return { status: response.status, parsed };
+  }
+
   // Wire a guest Document (the default stream or a stream line) to the
   // token-authenticated socket. Inbound frames (`doc_init` / `doc_op`)
   // apply for both link kinds; an edit link ALSO wires the outbound path
   // (`op_ack` resolves the outstanding-op tracker, `setLocalOpHook` ships
-  // each local commit as an `op` frame). Best-effort (no resync / durability
+  // each local commit). Best-effort on the read side (no resync / durability
   // handshake, which need a signed-in token); a guest that misses ops
-  // re-opens. Patches `close` to detach, mirroring `wireDocTransport`, so
-  // `Document` stays free of WS knowledge. A no-op with no WS client (a
-  // snapshot-only guest).
+  // re-opens. The WRITE side answers a refusal the way the signed-in
+  // transport does, because a guest editor's edit is the same person's work
+  // as a member's and the same two things can happen to it: a frame the
+  // socket cannot carry takes the HTTP route, and a capacity shed is
+  // re-asserted on the shared backoff and reported once the budget is out.
+  // Patches `close` to detach, mirroring `wireDocTransport`, so `Document`
+  // stays free of WS knowledge. A no-op with no WS client (a snapshot-only
+  // guest).
   function wireGuestTransport(
     doc: Document,
+    token: string,
     docId: string,
     lineId: string,
     canEdit: boolean,
@@ -1913,50 +2596,231 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     const wsClient = opts.wsClient;
     if (!wsClient) return;
     const topic = `doc:${docId}:${lineId}`;
-    const unsub = wsClient.subscribe(topic, (frame) => {
-      if (isDocInitFrame(frame)) {
-        for (const entry of frame.tail_ops) {
-          if (entry.op_blob_b64 === undefined) continue;
-          doc.applyRemoteOp(base64ToBytes(entry.op_blob_b64));
-        }
-      } else if (isDocOpFrame(frame)) {
-        doc.applyRemoteOp(base64ToBytes(frame.op_blob));
-      } else if (isDocGoneFrame(frame)) {
-        // The server fans `doc_gone` to EVERY subscriber on the branched
-        // content topic, guest-link connections included (`fanoutDocGone` /
-        // `fanoutBranchGone`), on a soft-delete / move of the opened doc.
-        // Without this branch the guest keeps showing removed content and
-        // `doc.onGone(...)` never fires; for an edit link the next local op
-        // would ship onto the evicted SUB# row and bounce as a misleading
-        // `forbidden`. Mark the doc gone (mapping the reason like the
-        // signed-in transport); the guest path has no resend / reverify
-        // timers to drain.
-        doc._markGone(goneReasonOf(frame));
-      } else if (canEdit && isOpAckFrame(frame)) {
-        doc.resolveOutstandingOp(frame.client_op_id);
-      } else if (canEdit && isOpRejectedFrame(frame)) {
-        // A guest edit the server terminally rejected. No resend tracker here
-        // (guest transport is best-effort), so just fail the op on the doc so
-        // "could not be saved" surfaces instead of a stuck saving count.
-        doc._failOutstandingOp(frame.client_op_id, opRejectedMessage(frame));
+
+    // Ops on the socket awaiting an answer, keyed by `client_op_id`. An
+    // `unavailable` shed names no op, so re-asserting one needs the frames
+    // in hand. Scoped to what the socket carried: an op that took the HTTP
+    // write must never reach the socket, and that write re-asserts itself.
+    const outstanding = new Map<string, OpFrame>();
+    let shedRounds = 0;
+    let shedTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+
+    function clearShedRecovery(): void {
+      if (shedTimer !== null) {
+        clearTimeout(shedTimer);
+        shedTimer = null;
       }
-    });
-    if (canEdit) {
-      const minter = opts.newClientOpId ?? defaultClientOpIdMinter;
-      doc.setLocalOpHook((opBlob) => {
-        const clientOpId = minter();
-        wsClient.send({
-          type: 'op',
-          topic,
-          op_blob: bytesToBase64(opBlob),
-          client_op_id: clientOpId,
-        });
-        return clientOpId;
-      });
+      shedRounds = 0;
     }
-    const originalClose = doc.close.bind(doc);
-    (doc as Document & { close: () => void }).close = () => {
-      try {
+
+    // Every outstanding op is dead: drop the tracker entries and tell the
+    // Document, which stops counting them in `savingCount` and reports each
+    // through the error channel the app reads. The ids are taken first
+    // because `_failOutstandingOp` re-enters app code.
+    function failAllOutstanding(message: string): void {
+      const clientOpIds = [...outstanding.keys()];
+      outstanding.clear();
+      for (const clientOpId of clientOpIds) {
+        doc._failOutstandingOp(clientOpId, message);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Put every op still awaiting an answer back on the wire. The client
+    // DROPS an op frame it cannot send right now rather than buffering one
+    // (`ownsFrameRetry` below), so this is the only thing that carries a
+    // shed or reconnect-orphaned op across the window, and it is also what
+    // keeps a frame from being written twice: a copy the client held would
+    // flush on the `subscribed` ack while this re-asserts on the `doc_init`
+    // behind it, and the server allocates a fresh seq per send.
+    const resendAllOutstanding = (): void => {
+      for (const frame of outstanding.values()) wsClient.send(frame);
+    };
+
+    const onServerUnavailable = (): void => {
+      if (outstanding.size === 0) return;
+      if (shedTimer !== null) return;
+      shedRounds += 1;
+      if (shedRounds > UNAVAILABLE_MAX_ROUNDS) {
+        clearShedRecovery();
+        failAllOutstanding(UNAVAILABLE_GIVE_UP_MESSAGE);
+        return;
+      }
+      shedTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+        shedTimer = null;
+        resendAllOutstanding();
+      }, unavailableDelayMs(shedRounds));
+      (shedTimer as { unref?: () => void }).unref?.();
+    };
+
+    const unsub = wsClient.subscribe(
+      topic,
+      (frame) => {
+        const init = parseDocInitFrame(frame);
+        if (init) {
+          for (const entry of init.tail_ops) {
+            if (entry.op_blob_b64 === undefined) continue;
+            doc.applyRemoteOp(base64ToBytes(entry.op_blob_b64));
+          }
+          // `doc_init` follows every `subscribed` ack, so this is the point
+          // the topic can carry frames again. A fresh connection also returns
+          // the shed budget to full: this re-assert is the round a pending
+          // one would have run.
+          clearShedRecovery();
+          resendAllOutstanding();
+          return;
+        }
+        if (isDocOpFrame(frame)) {
+          doc.applyRemoteOp(base64ToBytes(frame.op_blob));
+        } else if (isDocGoneFrame(frame)) {
+          // The server fans `doc_gone` to EVERY subscriber on the branched
+          // content topic, guest-link connections included, on a soft-delete /
+          // move of the opened doc.
+          // Without this branch the guest keeps showing removed content and
+          // `doc.onGone(...)` never fires; for an edit link the next local op
+          // would ship onto the evicted subscription record and bounce as a misleading
+          // `forbidden`. Drop the shed recovery first so nothing re-asserts an
+          // op onto an evicted subscription record, then mark the doc gone (mapping the
+          // reason like the signed-in transport).
+          clearShedRecovery();
+          outstanding.clear();
+          doc._markGone(goneReasonOf(frame));
+        } else if (isDocStatusFrame(frame)) {
+          // A guest can open a document whose inbound work is still running,
+          // and hydration writes a SNAPSHOT rather than ops, so nothing on the
+          // op stream would ever fill the view in. Same split as the signed-in
+          // transport: the `reload` hint pulls the content and emits the
+          // terminal status after the import, and anything else renders.
+          const status = normalizeWorkStatus(frame.status);
+          if (frame.reload) pullGuestContent(doc, token, lineId, status);
+          else doc._emitStatus(status);
+        } else if (isDocMetaFrame(frame)) {
+          // `_setName` de-dupes, so a re-emit of the current name is a no-op.
+          doc._setName(frame.name);
+        } else if (canEdit && isOpAckFrame(frame)) {
+          outstanding.delete(frame.client_op_id);
+          doc.resolveOutstandingOp(frame.client_op_id);
+          // The server is durably accepting writes again, so the shed budget
+          // starts over. A round already scheduled still runs: the ops it
+          // re-asserts are the ones this ack did not cover.
+          shedRounds = 0;
+        } else if (canEdit && isServerUnavailableFrame(frame)) {
+          onServerUnavailable();
+        } else if (canEdit && isOpRejectedFrame(frame)) {
+          // Terminal, not transient: stop re-asserting this op (retrying
+          // would only draw the same rejection) and fail it on the Document
+          // so "could not be saved" surfaces instead of a stuck saving count.
+          // A refusal naming the writer (an edit link downgraded or revoked
+          // while the guest had it open) turns the Document read-only, the
+          // same way it does for a signed-in reader.
+          outstanding.delete(frame.client_op_id);
+          if (isCapacityRejection(frame)) doc._markAtCapacity();
+          const readOnly = readOnlyReasonForRejection(frame);
+          if (readOnly !== null) doc._markReadOnly(readOnly);
+          doc._failOutstandingOp(frame.client_op_id, opRejectedMessage(frame));
+        }
+      },
+      // The guest owns its outstanding ops: `resendAllOutstanding` on the
+      // `doc_init` behind every `subscribed` ack IS this topic's
+      // re-assertion, so the client drops an op frame it cannot send now
+      // rather than buffering a second copy of it.
+      { ownsFrameRetry: true },
+    );
+
+    // An op the socket cannot carry, written over HTTP on the same policy
+    // the signed-in path runs: refuse locally what no write can hold, and
+    // re-assert a capacity refusal on the shared backoff before reporting it.
+    async function writeOversizedGuestOp(
+      opBlobB64: string,
+      clientOpId: string,
+    ): Promise<void> {
+      // Yield before any outcome resolves the op. The hook's caller records
+      // the outstanding op AFTER the hook returns, and an async function body
+      // runs synchronously up to its first await, so an exit taken inline
+      // would find nothing tracked and leave the entry behind with
+      // `savingCount` stuck above zero.
+      await Promise.resolve();
+
+      // Both sizes are known here, so refuse without spending a round trip
+      // on a blob that can only come back 400.
+      if (opBlobExceedsDurableLimit(opBlobB64)) {
+        doc._failOutstandingOp(clientOpId, TOO_LARGE_MESSAGE);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (opBlobNeedsStaging(opBlobB64)) {
+        doc._failOutstandingOp(clientOpId, LINK_OP_TOO_LARGE_MESSAGE);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      let status = 0;
+      let parsed: unknown = undefined;
+      for (let round = 0; round <= UNAVAILABLE_MAX_ROUNDS; round += 1) {
+        if (round > 0) {
+          await new Promise((resolve) => {
+            const timer = setTimeout(resolve, unavailableDelayMs(round));
+            (timer as { unref?: () => void }).unref?.();
+          });
+        }
+        try {
+          ({ status, parsed } = await postLinkOp(
+            token,
+            lineId,
+            opBlobB64,
+            clientOpId,
+          ));
+        } catch (err) {
+          // A throw leaves it unknown whether the handler ran, and this op
+          // carries no idempotency the server dedupes on, so replaying it
+          // could double-apply.
+          doc._failOutstandingOp(
+            clientOpId,
+            err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+        if (status >= 200 && status < 300) break;
+        if (!opWriteIsRetryable(status)) break;
+      }
+      if (status < 200 || status >= 300) {
+        doc._failOutstandingOp(
+          clientOpId,
+          opWriteIsRetryable(status)
+            ? UNAVAILABLE_GIVE_UP_MESSAGE
+            : opWriteFailureMessage(status, parsed),
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+      doc.resolveOutstandingOp(clientOpId);
+    }
+
+    if (canEdit) {
+      const minter = opts.newClientOpId ?? defaultClientOpIdMinter;
+      doc.setLocalOpHook((opBlob) => {
+        const clientOpId = minter();
+        const opBlobB64 = bytesToBase64(opBlob);
+        const sendFrame: OpFrame = {
+          type: 'op',
+          topic,
+          op_blob: opBlobB64,
+          client_op_id: clientOpId,
+        };
+        // A frame past the transport's cap is not delivered and takes the
+        // connection down with it, so it must never reach the socket: a
+        // guest's document, presence and every other op ride that one
+        // connection. `mutate` batches to a budget well above what a frame
+        // carries, so an ordinary bulk edit arrives here.
+        if (opFrameExceedsWsLimit(sendFrame)) {
+          void writeOversizedGuestOp(opBlobB64, clientOpId);
+          return clientOpId;
+        }
+        outstanding.set(clientOpId, sendFrame);
+        wsClient.send(sendFrame);
+        return clientOpId;
+      });
+    }
+    const originalClose = doc.close.bind(doc);
+    (doc as Document & { close: () => void }).close = () => {
+      clearShedRecovery();
+      try {
         unsub();
       } catch {
         // Already detached; closing the Document is what matters.
@@ -1965,13 +2829,83 @@ export function createOpenDocument(
     };
   }
 
+  // Guest documents with a content pull running, so a repeated terminal frame
+  // does not stack a second pull on one document.
+  const guestPullInFlight = new WeakSet<Document>();
+
+  function pullGuestContent(
+    doc: Document,
+    token: string,
+    lineId: string,
+    finalStatus: DocumentWorkStatus,
+  ): void {
+    if (guestPullInFlight.has(doc)) return;
+    guestPullInFlight.add(doc);
+    void (async () => {
+      await pullContentWithRetry({
+        doc,
+        docId: doc.id ?? '',
+        finalStatus,
+        fetchAndImport: () => importLinkView(doc, token, lineId),
+        ...(opts.reportError ? { reportError: opts.reportError } : {}),
+      });
+      guestPullInFlight.delete(doc);
+    })();
+  }
+
+  // Re-read the link view and import it into the live guest Document: the
+  // anonymous counterpart of the signed-in `refetchAndImport`, over the same
+  // envelope. Named on the line the guest opened, which is the line its topic
+  // is scoped to.
+  async function importLinkView(
+    doc: Document,
+    token: string,
+    lineId: string,
+  ): Promise<{ ok: true } | { ok: false; reason: string }> {
+    const result = await fetchLinkView(token, lineId);
+    if (result.status < 200 || result.status >= 300) {
+      return { ok: false, reason: `link view returned ${result.status}` };
+    }
+    const b = result.parsed as {
+      snapshot?: unknown;
+      tail_ops?: unknown;
+    };
+    if (!Array.isArray(b.tail_ops)) {
+      return { ok: false, reason: 'malformed link view response' };
+    }
+    const snap = b.snapshot as DocumentSnapshotResponse['snapshot'];
+    let snapshotBytes: Uint8Array | null = null;
+    if (snap !== null && snap !== undefined && snap.kind === 'inline') {
+      snapshotBytes = base64ToBytes(snap.data_b64);
+    } else if (snap !== null && snap !== undefined && snap.kind === 'presigned') {
+      try {
+        snapshotBytes = await fetchPresignedSnapshot(snap.url);
+      } catch (err) {
+        const status = err instanceof BrassError ? err.status ?? 0 : 0;
+        return {
+          ok: false,
+          reason:
+            status > 0
+              ? `presigned snapshot fetch returned ${status}`
+              : `presigned snapshot fetch failed: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+    if (snapshotBytes) doc._applySnapshot(snapshotBytes);
+    const tail = b.tail_ops as DocumentSnapshotResponse['tail_ops'];
+    for (const entry of [...tail].sort((x, y) => x.seq - y.seq)) {
+      doc.applyRemoteOp(base64ToBytes(entry.op_blob_b64));
+    }
+    return { ok: true };
+  }
+
   // Strict open: a 404 propagates as `BrassError`. A `version` option
   // diverts to the read-only at-version path.
   const open: OpenDocumentByIdFn = async (docId, options) => {
     // Cache hit: return the parked Document. Its subscription stayed alive
     // while parked, and the UndoController + outstanding-op map survived, so
     // undo works as if the user never switched away.
-    const parked = takeParkedDocument(docId, options);
+    const parked = takeParkedDocument(docId, options, opts.identity?.() ?? null);
     if (parked) {
       parked._resume();
       return parked as OpenedDocument;
@@ -2049,10 +2983,15 @@ interface WireDocTransportArgs {
   getCoveredSeq: () => number;
   advanceCoveredSeq: (seq: number) => void;
   // Re-import the HTTP join. Invoked when a `doc_init` tail starts above the
-  // coverage floor: ops missed while disconnected were compacted into the
-  // snapshot and the tail cannot bridge the hole. Optional only for
-  // transport-less paths.
-  resyncFromSnapshot?: () => void;
+  // coverage floor (ops missed while disconnected were compacted into the
+  // snapshot and the tail cannot bridge the hole) and on every catch-up
+  // prompt. Optional only for transport-less paths.
+  //
+  // A returned promise lets the caller re-read the coverage floor once the
+  // import has landed, which is how a reader that is still short asks
+  // again. A void return keeps that caller correct, just later: it falls
+  // back to whatever the next frame arms.
+  resyncFromSnapshot?: () => void | Promise<void>;
   // Re-fetch the durable frontier (version vector + tail blobs) without
   // importing. Invoked by the `doc_ops_dropped` handler so the handshake
   // runs against fresh ground truth the instant the server discards ops, not
@@ -2063,22 +3002,26 @@ interface WireDocTransportArgs {
     tailBlobs: Uint8Array[];
   } | null>;
   // Write an op the socket cannot carry, over HTTP. Resolves to the
-  // server-allocated seq, or an error message the Document surfaces on the
-  // op. Absent in transport-only tests, where an oversized op is failed
-  // rather than rerouted.
+  // server-allocated seq, or a failure the Document surfaces on the op.
+  // Absent in transport-only tests, where an oversized op is failed rather
+  // than rerouted.
   postOversizedOp?: (
     opBlobB64: string,
     clientOpId: string,
-  ) => Promise<{ ok: true; seq: number } | { ok: false; message: string }>;
+  ) => Promise<OversizedOpResult>;
   // Invoked on a terminal `doc_status` frame: re-fetches once and, on
   // success, imports the now-available snapshot so content appears without
   // the app reopening; on failure leaves the status and does not loop.
   // Absent in transport-only tests.
   reloadAfterHydration?: (finalStatus: DocumentWorkStatus) => void;
-  // Invoked on `doc_init`. Posted only after the SUB# row is written, so it
+  // Invoked on `doc_init`. Posted only after the subscription record is written, so it
   // is the safe point to reconcile a pending open whose terminal
   // `doc_status` frame may have been dropped. Absent in transport-only tests.
   reconcileStatusOnInit?: () => void;
+  // Invoked on every frame carrying server-side movement (`doc_init`, a
+  // remote op). Evidence the document has content to pull for a client whose
+  // content pull gave up. Absent in transport-only tests.
+  onDocumentMoved?: () => void;
   // True for a stream line's internal Document: presence is a
   // document-level surface (one roster per open doc, on the default
   // line's presence topic), so per-stream transports skip attaching a
@@ -2103,6 +3046,13 @@ interface WireDocTransportArgs {
   // open that named none. Part of the park key for the same reason the
   // branch is: it says which state the parked Document holds.
   requestedStream?: string;
+  // The `documentOptions` this Document was built from, recorded on the park
+  // entry so a reopen asking for different ones gets its own Document.
+  documentOptions?: DocumentOptions;
+  // Who this Document was opened for, recorded on the park entry (see
+  // `ParkedDocEntry.identity`). Read at close rather than captured at open so
+  // the stamp is the identity the page holds when the Document is parked.
+  identity?: () => string | null;
 }
 
 // Per-process parking cache for opened Documents. `doc.close()` does NOT
@@ -2124,6 +3074,29 @@ interface ParkedDocEntry {
   // local-op hook, runs the underlying `Document.close()`.
   teardown: () => void;
   key: string;
+  // The `documentOptions` this Document was built from. A reopen asking for
+  // different ones (another root key, another undo depth) describes a
+  // different Document, so it gets a fresh one rather than this state.
+  optionsSig: string;
+  // Who this Document was opened for (`identity`, the signed-in subject), so
+  // a take by anyone else misses.
+  //
+  // A hit skips the join entirely, which is the whole point of parking and
+  // also the reason the entry has to name its owner: the SDK reads the
+  // person from the token set, and a `/refresh` resolves whichever platform
+  // session the browser now holds, so the identity behind an open page can
+  // become someone else's between a close and the next open. Without this,
+  // the second person's open is answered out of memory, with the first
+  // person's content and no request the server could refuse.
+  identity: string | null;
+}
+
+function documentOptionsSig(options: DocumentOptions | undefined): string {
+  return JSON.stringify([
+    options?.rootKey ?? null,
+    options?.readOnly ?? null,
+    options?.undo ?? null,
+  ]);
 }
 
 const parkedDocs = new Map<string, ParkedDocEntry>();
@@ -2144,7 +3117,22 @@ function parkCacheKey(
   return `${docId}/${branchId}/${streamName ?? DEFAULT_STREAM_NAME}`;
 }
 
+function evictParked(entry: ParkedDocEntry | undefined): void {
+  if (!entry) return;
+  parkedDocs.delete(entry.key);
+  try {
+    entry.teardown();
+  } catch {
+    // Teardown errors must not strand the cache; the evicted Doc is gone
+    // from the user's perspective either way.
+  }
+}
+
 function parkDocument(entry: ParkedDocEntry): void {
+  // One Document per key: whatever sat here is unreachable the moment this
+  // entry replaces it, so it is torn down rather than left holding a live
+  // subscription nothing can close.
+  evictParked(parkedDocs.get(entry.key));
   parkedDocs.set(entry.key, entry);
   // Map iteration is insertion order, so evicting the front entry is LRU
   // (a newly parked entry is the most-recent; a hit removes the entry
@@ -2152,43 +3140,55 @@ function parkDocument(entry: ParkedDocEntry): void {
   while (parkedDocs.size > PARK_CACHE_CAPACITY) {
     const oldestKey = parkedDocs.keys().next().value;
     if (oldestKey === undefined) break;
-    const oldest = parkedDocs.get(oldestKey);
-    parkedDocs.delete(oldestKey);
-    try {
-      oldest?.teardown();
-    } catch {
-      // Teardown errors must not strand the cache; the evicted Doc is gone
-      // from the user's perspective either way.
-    }
+    evictParked(parkedDocs.get(oldestKey));
   }
 }
 
 function takeParkedDocument(
   docId: string,
   options: OpenDocumentByIdOptions | undefined,
+  identity: string | null,
 ): Document | null {
   if (options?.version !== undefined) return null;
   const key = parkCacheKey(docId, options?.branch, options?.stream);
   if (!key) return null;
   const entry = parkedDocs.get(key);
   if (!entry) return null;
+  // A Document the server evicted while it was parked describes a document
+  // that is no longer there, one built from different `documentOptions` is
+  // not the Document this caller asked for, and one opened for a different
+  // person is not this caller's to read. All three take the fresh open, which
+  // for the last is the request that establishes the new caller may have it;
+  // the parked copy goes with its subscription.
+  if (
+    entry.doc._goneReason !== null ||
+    entry.optionsSig !== documentOptionsSig(options?.documentOptions) ||
+    entry.identity !== identity
+  ) {
+    evictParked(entry);
+    return null;
+  }
   parkedDocs.delete(key);
   return entry.doc;
 }
 
-// Test-only: drop the parking cache. Used by unit tests that need
-// a clean slate between cases.
-export function _resetParkCacheForTesting(): void {
+/** Retire every parked Document. The client calls this as an identity leaves
+ *  the page, so what the previous person opened is torn down rather than left
+ *  resident for the rest of the tab's life.
+ *  @internal */
+export function clearParkedDocuments(): void {
   for (const entry of parkedDocs.values()) {
-    try {
-      entry.teardown();
-    } catch {
-      // ignore
-    }
+    evictParked(entry);
   }
   parkedDocs.clear();
 }
 
+// Test-only: drop the parking cache. Used by unit tests that need
+// a clean slate between cases.
+export function _resetParkCacheForTesting(): void {
+  clearParkedDocuments();
+}
+
 // Wire the WS transport onto a materialised Document. Three pieces:
 //   1. WS subscribe on the doc topic; the server sends `doc_op` (other
 //      clients' edits) and `op_ack` (our ops), topic-scoped so the
@@ -2215,6 +3215,71 @@ export const PERIODIC_REVERIFY_INTERVAL_MS = 5 * 60_000;
 // fake-timer test.
 export const MISSED_OP_RESYNC_DELAY_MS = 2_000;
 
+// Per-op resend backoff: 1.5s, ~1.6x per attempt, to a 30s ceiling. The
+// ceiling keeps a doc on a dead connection from hammering; the
+// reconnect-driven resend (`resendAllOutstanding`) fires the instant
+// `doc_init` arrives, so the ceiling never delays recovery past the next
+// reconnect. Exported for the fake-timer tests.
+export const RESEND_BASE_DELAY_MS = 1_500;
+export const RESEND_MAX_DELAY_MS = 30_000;
+
+// How long the oldest op on the socket may go unacked before its resend
+// timer spends an attempt even though the connection is answering other
+// ops. See `scheduleResend` for what this bounds and why only the oldest op
+// reaches it.
+//
+// The value sits above every latency a working connection produces. Acks
+// measured on a deployed environment run 175 ms at p99 and 1.6 s at their
+// worst, and an op whose own backoff has grown to `RESEND_MAX_DELAY_MS` is
+// still well inside this, so a queue that is merely slow never reaches it and
+// the timer keeps re-arming free. Sitting above the backoff ceiling is also
+// what makes this value, rather than the backoff, the interval a forced
+// resend is paced at: the timer fires several times inside one window, and
+// the first expiry past the window is the one that spends.
+//
+// What a false positive costs bounds the risk of setting it at all: one
+// duplicate op per document per window, which is a Loro no-op on import. The
+// failure this replaces is unbounded in the other direction, an op the
+// server never received and nothing ever sends again.
+// Exported for the fake-timer tests.
+export const RESEND_FORCE_CEILING_MS = 60_000;
+
+// Server-shed recovery policy, driven by `unavailable` error frames. The
+// frame names no op, so a round re-asserts every outstanding op at once and
+// any further frame arriving before that round runs is part of the same shed
+// batch: coalescing them is what keeps N shed ops from fanning out into N
+// rounds of N resends. Backoff is 1s doubling to a 30s ceiling, so the budget
+// spans roughly a minute and a half of sustained shedding. An `op_ack` (the
+// server taking writes again) or a reconnect returns the budget to full.
+//
+// Module-scoped because both transports answer a shed on it: the signed-in
+// one, the HTTP write for an op past the frame cap, and the guest-link one.
+// A shed costs an edit the same nothing whoever wrote it and whichever
+// transport carried it.
+const UNAVAILABLE_MAX_ROUNDS = 6;
+const UNAVAILABLE_BASE_DELAY_MS = 1000;
+const UNAVAILABLE_MAX_DELAY_MS = 30_000;
+const UNAVAILABLE_GIVE_UP_MESSAGE =
+  'The server could not store this change, and re-sending it did not ' +
+  'help. Reload the document to continue from the last saved state.';
+
+// Reported for every op left behind when the server ends this document's
+// subscription (it refused the subscribe, or evicted it again after the one
+// silent re-subscribe a connection grants). The ops can never be acked on a
+// subscription that is over, and a fresh one arrives only with a fresh open,
+// so the app's cue is to reload.
+const SUBSCRIPTION_ENDED_MESSAGE =
+  'The live connection to this document ended, so this change was not ' +
+  'saved. Reload the document to continue from the last saved state.';
+
+/** How long the Nth (1-based) recovery round waits before re-asserting. */
+function unavailableDelayMs(round: number): number {
+  return Math.min(
+    UNAVAILABLE_BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, round - 1),
+    UNAVAILABLE_MAX_DELAY_MS,
+  );
+}
+
 // A mutation carrying many records commits as it goes, so the only write
 // that reaches this is one record nothing can split.
 const TOO_LARGE_MESSAGE =
@@ -2222,13 +3287,19 @@ const TOO_LARGE_MESSAGE =
   'update; store the bulk of it as a file instead, or split it across ' +
   'several records.';
 
+// What a guest hears for an op no request body can carry. A signed-in
+// editor stages such an op to storage first; that route is behind the
+// sign-in gate, so the anonymous tier writes ops that fit one request.
+const LINK_OP_TOO_LARGE_MESSAGE =
+  'This change is too large to save over a shared link. Sign in to the ' +
+  'document to make a change this size.';
+
 function wireDocTransport(args: WireDocTransportArgs): void {
   const topic = `doc:${args.docId}:${args.branchId}`;
 
-  // Per-op retry tracker. The op-write endpoint sometimes returns
-  // `{"message": "Internal server error"}` without reaching the handler
-  // (burst input against a cold-started server giving up before scale-up).
-  // That frame has no `type`, so the multiplexer drops it,
+  // Per-op retry tracker. The op-write endpoint can answer with an untyped
+  // error frame instead of reaching the handler. That frame has no `type`, so
+  // the multiplexer drops it,
   // leaving the op stuck in `Document._outstandingByClientId` and the
   // actor's lamport stream with a gap that blocks other subscribers' Loro
   // imports from converging (Loro requires per-actor causal contiguity).
@@ -2240,14 +3311,157 @@ function wireDocTransport(args: WireDocTransportArgs): void {
   // retry lands the dependent chain converges everywhere. `doc.savingCount`
   // stays above zero until the `op_ack` lands (the "Saving…" surface); there
   // is no give-up to surface because the SDK keeps trying.
+  // When each op this transport shipped was first committed, keyed the same
+  // way the tracker is. The tracker itself carries no commit time (its
+  // `dispatchedAt` restarts on every resend, which is the right basis for
+  // deciding a resend and the wrong one for reporting how long a reader has
+  // been waiting), and an op past the frame cap is never in the tracker at
+  // all. Entries are dropped as their op settles, so the map's size is the
+  // work outstanding on either transport.
+  const opStartedAt = new Map<string, number>();
+
+  // Reconnects the socket had made when this transport last saw a
+  // `doc_init`. The frame itself is not a reconnect signal: it rides every
+  // `subscribed` ack, including the opening one and the silent re-subscribe
+  // a connection grants after a mid-stream eviction, neither of which
+  // involved the socket dropping. A report keyed off the frame therefore
+  // fires when nothing is wrong, which is the fault this latch exists to
+  // avoid, so it is keyed off the socket instead.
+  let docInitReconnectCount: number | null = null;
+
   const outstandingResends = new Map<
     string,
     {
       frame: { type: 'op'; topic: string; op_blob: string; client_op_id: string };
       attempts: number;
       timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
+      // When this op's current timer was armed, compared against the last
+      // ack to tell a slow queue from a silent server. See `scheduleResend`.
+      armedAt: number;
+      // When this op was last put on the socket, or 0 while it is queued.
+      // Time on the wire rather than time outstanding, so an op held back by
+      // the in-flight budget is not charged for the wait. See
+      // `scheduleResend`.
+      dispatchedAt: number;
+      // Bytes this op is charging to the in-flight budget, or 0 while it is
+      // still queued. See `dispatchOp`.
+      inFlight: number;
+      // Whether this op is waiting in `sendQueue`. Held on the entry so
+      // neither queueing nor forgetting an op has to scan the queue, which
+      // would be quadratic over a mutation that queues thousands.
+      queued: boolean;
     }
   >();
+
+  // How many bytes of op frames may be on the socket unacked at once.
+  //
+  // The transport drops the connection when a client pushes at it hard
+  // enough, and it takes everything multiplexed onto that socket with it;
+  // every op then goes unacked, the reconnect re-asserts them, and that
+  // burst drops the connection again, so nothing is ever persisted.
+  // Measured against one write, a client pushing 26 frames in 320 ms lost
+  // the socket where one spreading 90 frames over 5.3 s did not, so what
+  // this bounds is the RATE rather than any one frame's size.
+  //
+  // Which shape reaches it is worth knowing before tuning it. A bulk write
+  // does not: `mutate` batches to a budget far above what a frame carries,
+  // so its ops take the HTTP write and never enter this queue. What does is
+  // an app issuing many separate mutations that each land under the frame
+  // cap, a drag loop or a per-row import, where the op count is set by how
+  // often the app calls rather than by how much it writes.
+  //
+  // A byte budget rather than a rate is what makes this self-tuning: sends
+  // resume as acks land, so the client goes exactly as fast as the server
+  // is answering and no faster, whatever that speed turns out to be. The
+  // budget is generous enough to keep several ops in flight, so an ack's
+  // round trip is not serialised into the write.
+  const IN_FLIGHT_BUDGET_BYTES = 256 * 1024;
+  // Ops committed but not yet on the socket, oldest first.
+  const sendQueue: string[] = [];
+  let inFlightBytes = 0;
+
+  /** Put an op on the socket if the budget allows, else queue it. */
+  function dispatchOp(clientOpId: string): void {
+    const entry = outstandingResends.get(clientOpId);
+    if (!entry || entry.inFlight > 0) return;
+    const size = entry.frame.op_blob.length;
+    // An op larger than the whole budget goes on its own rather than
+    // waiting for room that can never appear.
+    if (inFlightBytes > 0 && inFlightBytes + size > IN_FLIGHT_BUDGET_BYTES) {
+      if (!entry.queued) {
+        entry.queued = true;
+        entry.dispatchedAt = 0;
+        sendQueue.push(clientOpId);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    entry.queued = false;
+    entry.inFlight = size;
+    entry.dispatchedAt = Date.now();
+    inFlightBytes += size;
+    args.wsClient.send(entry.frame);
+    scheduleResend(clientOpId);
+  }
+
+  /** The oldest op currently on the socket, which is the one a gap blocks
+   *  the rest of this actor's stream behind. Map order is commit order, and
+   *  an op waiting on the in-flight budget carries no timer, so the first
+   *  dispatched entry is that op. */
+  function isOldestDispatchedOp(clientOpId: string): boolean {
+    for (const [id, entry] of outstandingResends) {
+      if (entry.dispatchedAt === 0) continue;
+      return id === clientOpId;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /** Send whatever the freed budget now has room for. */
+  function drainSendQueue(): void {
+    while (sendQueue.length > 0) {
+      const next = sendQueue[0]!;
+      const entry = outstandingResends.get(next);
+      // An op acked, rejected or abandoned while queued leaves its id behind;
+      // dropping it here is what keeps `forgetOp` off a queue scan.
+      if (!entry || !entry.queued) {
+        sendQueue.shift();
+        continue;
+      }
+      const size = entry.frame.op_blob.length;
+      if (inFlightBytes > 0 && inFlightBytes + size > IN_FLIGHT_BUDGET_BYTES) {
+        return;
+      }
+      sendQueue.shift();
+      entry.queued = false;
+      dispatchOp(next);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Drop one op from the tracker, returning its budget. */
+  function forgetOp(clientOpId: string): void {
+    const entry = outstandingResends.get(clientOpId);
+    if (!entry) return;
+    clearTimeout(entry.timer);
+    inFlightBytes -= entry.inFlight;
+    entry.inFlight = 0;
+    entry.queued = false;
+    outstandingResends.delete(clientOpId);
+    opStartedAt.delete(clientOpId);
+    drainSendQueue();
+  }
+
+  /** Drop every tracked op and reset the budget with them. */
+  function forgetAllOps(): void {
+    for (const [clientOpId, entry] of outstandingResends) {
+      clearTimeout(entry.timer);
+      // Only the ops this tracker holds. An op past the frame cap is
+      // travelling over HTTP and is not in here, so clearing the whole
+      // timing map would report it settled while its write is still going.
+      opStartedAt.delete(clientOpId);
+    }
+    outstandingResends.clear();
+    sendQueue.length = 0;
+    inFlightBytes = 0;
+  }
   // Ops this client is writing over HTTP, and the highest seq a catch-up
   // prompt named while one was in flight.
   //
@@ -2269,45 +3483,399 @@ function wireDocTransport(args: WireDocTransportArgs): void {
     if (httpOpWritesInFlight > 0) return;
     const seq = heldCatchUpSeq;
     heldCatchUpSeq = 0;
-    if (seq > 0 && args.getCoveredSeq() < seq) args.resyncFromSnapshot?.();
+    if (seq > 0 && args.getCoveredSeq() < seq) pullJoin();
   }
 
-  // Backoff: 1.5s, ~1.6x per attempt, ceiling 30s. The ceiling keeps a doc
-  // on a dead connection from hammering; the reconnect-driven resend below
-  // fires the instant `doc_init` arrives, so the ceiling never delays
-  // recovery past the next reconnect.
-  const RESEND_BASE_DELAY_MS = 1500;
-  const RESEND_MAX_DELAY_MS = 30_000;
+  // Pull the join, and ask again if it left the reader short.
+  //
+  // A join read while a peer writes in bulk is a torn cut: the branch's seq
+  // counter has run ahead of the op rows, so the response reports a head it
+  // could not deliver the tail for. The reader applies what arrived and its
+  // floor lands below that head, and nothing re-sends the difference. So
+  // whatever the reader still lacks after an import is a hole it has to ask
+  // about itself, which is what a passive reader has instead of the `doc_op`
+  // and `op_ack` frames a writing client arms its checks from.
+  function pullJoin(): void {
+    void Promise.resolve(args.resyncFromSnapshot?.()).then(
+      () => {
+        scheduleGapCheck();
+      },
+      () => {
+        // `resyncFromSnapshot` reports its own failures and resolves; a
+        // rejection is a caller that does not, and asking again is still the
+        // right move.
+        scheduleGapCheck();
+      },
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Re-import the join for ops this client cannot bridge to from what it
+  // holds, deferring the judgement while one of its own HTTP writes is still
+  // in flight. Shared by the catch-up prompt and by the reconnect handshake,
+  // which reaches the same conclusion off its tail.
+  // Re-import when the durable frontier names an author whose changes never
+  // came through the op stream. Separate from the coverage check because it
+  // answers a different question: not "did I miss an op" but "did what I hold
+  // stop being how this document is stored".
+  function maybeResyncPastRewrite(vectorB64: string | undefined): void {
+    if (!vectorB64) return;
+    let unseen = false;
+    try {
+      unseen = args.doc._snapshotHasUnseenAuthor(base64ToBytes(vectorB64));
+    } catch {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (unseen) pullJoin();
+  }
+
+  function resyncPastSeq(seq: number): void {
+    if (httpOpWritesInFlight > 0) {
+      if (seq > heldCatchUpSeq) heldCatchUpSeq = seq;
+      return;
+    }
+    pullJoin();
+  }
 
   function resendDelayMs(attempts: number): number {
     const grown = RESEND_BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(1.6, attempts - 1);
     return Math.min(grown, RESEND_MAX_DELAY_MS);
   }
 
+  // When this connection last proved it was working: any `op_ack`, from any
+  // op on this topic.
+  //
+  // What this timer is for is a server that answered NOTHING, which is a
+  // real case (an op frame can draw the opaque `{"message":"Internal server
+  // error"}` reply the multiplexer drops). What it must not read as silence
+  // is an ack that is merely behind, because with many ops in flight one
+  // op's latency is the queue's depth times its service time, not evidence
+  // about that op. Resending on that reading writes the op a second time,
+  // which deepens the queue, which slows the next ack, which fires more
+  // resends.
+  //
+  // Measured on a 500,000-element write: the same content went through in
+  // 1,320 op writes on a run whose acks stayed under 375 ms, and in 3,600 on
+  // a run whose acks reached 1,615 ms, just past this backoff's first step.
+  // The extra writes are durable duplicates, so they inflate the document's
+  // history, and every later compaction pays for them: the run that tripled
+  // its ops left a tail compaction could not absorb inside its memory, and
+  // the document stopped opening.
+  //
+  // So the timer fires on silence rather than on slowness: an ack that
+  // arrived after this op's timer was armed re-arms it without spending an
+  // attempt, within the bound `forceResendDue` puts on how long one op may
+  // ride that evidence.
+  let lastAckAt = 0;
+
   function scheduleResend(clientOpId: string): void {
     const entry = outstandingResends.get(clientOpId);
     if (!entry) return;
+    entry.armedAt = Date.now();
     entry.timer = setTimeout(() => {
       const current = outstandingResends.get(clientOpId);
       if (!current) return;
+      const forced = forceResendDue(clientOpId, current);
+      if (lastAckAt >= current.armedAt && !forced) {
+        scheduleResend(clientOpId);
+        return;
+      }
+      // A forced resend is the transport concluding this op was lost, which
+      // is the one condition here the server cannot infer, so it is what the
+      // report is pinned to.
+      if (forced) reportSyncHealth('op_stuck');
       current.attempts += 1;
+      current.dispatchedAt = Date.now();
       args.wsClient.send(current.frame);
       scheduleResend(clientOpId);
     }, resendDelayMs(entry.attempts));
   }
 
+  // The one case where an answering connection is still evidence this op was
+  // lost: it is the oldest op on the socket and it has been there longer than
+  // any working connection takes to answer.
+  //
+  // The evidence `lastAckAt` carries is that the connection is working, not
+  // that it received this op, so an app committing faster than the backoff
+  // supplies that evidence continuously and a dropped op would re-arm free
+  // forever. The server's copy of the document then stops at the gap (Loro
+  // requires per-actor causal contiguity, so every later op is stored and
+  // never applied), the tracker entry never reaches a terminal state, and the
+  // app is told nothing.
+  //
+  // Ack ORDER cannot stand in for that evidence. Acks overtake heavily: 24
+  // ops sent back to back on a deployed environment came back with 10 of 23
+  // adjacent pairs out of send order, and the op sent first was acked 23rd. A
+  // rule reading a later op's ack as proof this one was skipped re-sends ops
+  // that are merely in flight, which is the write-it-twice failure the gate
+  // above exists to prevent.
+  //
+  // Restricting this to the oldest dispatched op is what keeps the traffic
+  // bounded and is sufficient. Bounded: one op per ceiling window however
+  // many ops are outstanding, which matters because this resend hands the
+  // frame straight to `wsClient.send` and so spends none of the in-flight
+  // budget, and a simultaneous round of them is the burst that drops the
+  // socket. Sufficient: the gap at the oldest op is what holds the rest of
+  // this actor's stream unapplied, and an op behind it becomes the oldest in
+  // its turn as the ops in front retire.
+  function forceResendDue(
+    clientOpId: string,
+    entry: { dispatchedAt: number },
+  ): boolean {
+    if (entry.dispatchedAt === 0) return false;
+    if (Date.now() - entry.dispatchedAt <= RESEND_FORCE_CEILING_MS) return false;
+    return isOldestDispatchedOp(clientOpId);
+  }
+
+  // What this transport knows about its own sync, for a reader whose save
+  // is taking longer than it should. Everything here is closure state the
+  // transport already keeps; collecting it costs a walk of the outstanding
+  // ops, so it is safe to call from a render.
+  function collectDiagnostics(): DocSyncDiagnostics {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    let oldestClientOpId: string | null = null;
+    let oldestStartedAt = 0;
+    // Insertion order is commit order, so the first entry is the oldest.
+    for (const [clientOpId, startedAt] of opStartedAt) {
+      oldestClientOpId = clientOpId;
+      oldestStartedAt = startedAt;
+      break;
+    }
+    return {
+      unackedOps: opStartedAt.size,
+      oldestUnackedMs:
+        oldestClientOpId === null ? 0 : Math.max(0, now - oldestStartedAt),
+      oldestClientOpId,
+      reconnects: args.wsClient.reconnectCount ?? 0,
+      lastAckAgeMs: lastAckAt === 0 ? null : Math.max(0, now - lastAckAt),
+      inFlightBytes,
+      httpOpsInFlight: httpOpWritesInFlight,
+      healRounds: divergenceHealRound,
+      hidden: args.wsClient.pageHidden ?? false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Push the same picture to the server, so an incident on a device with no
+  // console attached leaves a record an operator can find. Sent on the
+  // conditions the client can recognise and the server cannot, each of
+  // which is already bounded by the machinery that detects it: a forced
+  // resend fires at most once per ceiling window, a reconnect is one
+  // socket, and a heal round is one push. The server drops the excess
+  // anyway.
+  //
+  // Fire-and-forget by design. The frame carries no `client_op_id` of its
+  // own and draws no reply, so it never joins the outstanding-op tracker
+  // and a report cannot become one more thing a stuck document is waiting
+  // on.
+  function reportSyncHealth(reason: ClientReportReason): void {
+    // Only worth sending while the socket can carry it. Held through an
+    // outage, a report flushes on the re-subscribe describing state from
+    // before the outage, and it arrives on the new connection ahead of the
+    // accurate one the reconnect itself produces, so the stale figures are
+    // what the server's one-per-connection budget accepts.
+    if (args.wsClient.connected === false) return;
+    const d = collectDiagnostics();
+    args.wsClient.send({
+      type: 'client_report',
+      topic,
+      client_report: {
+        reason,
+        unacked_ops: d.unackedOps,
+        oldest_unacked_ms: d.oldestUnackedMs,
+        ...(d.oldestClientOpId === null
+          ? {}
+          : { oldest_client_op_id: d.oldestClientOpId }),
+        reconnects: d.reconnects,
+        last_ack_age_ms: d.lastAckAgeMs,
+        in_flight_bytes: d.inFlightBytes,
+        http_ops_in_flight: d.httpOpsInFlight,
+        heal_rounds: d.healRounds,
+        hidden: d.hidden,
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  args.doc._setDiagnosticsProvider(collectDiagnostics);
+
   // Resend every outstanding op now and restart its backoff. Called on
   // reconnect (`doc_init`): a dropped-and-restored connection is the most
   // common reason an op went unacked, and the backoff may have grown to its
   // ceiling while the socket was down, so re-asserting immediately is the
   // fast recovery path.
   function resendAllOutstanding(): void {
+    // Nothing is on the wire any more, whether this follows a reconnect or a
+    // shed, so the budget starts empty and every op re-enters through it.
+    // Sending them all at once is what turns one dropped connection into a
+    // loop that never persists anything: the burst that lost the socket is
+    // exactly the burst the reconnect would repeat.
+    inFlightBytes = 0;
+    sendQueue.length = 0;
+    // Insertion order is the order the ops were committed in, so a round
+    // re-asserts them oldest-first.
     for (const [clientOpId, entry] of outstandingResends) {
       clearTimeout(entry.timer);
       entry.attempts += 1;
-      args.wsClient.send(entry.frame);
-      scheduleResend(clientOpId);
+      entry.inFlight = 0;
+      entry.queued = false;
+      dispatchOp(clientOpId);
+    }
+  }
+
+  let unavailableRounds = 0;
+  let unavailableTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+
+  function clearUnavailableRecovery(): void {
+    if (unavailableTimer !== null) {
+      clearTimeout(unavailableTimer);
+      unavailableTimer = null;
+    }
+    unavailableRounds = 0;
+  }
+
+  // Every outstanding op is dead: drop the tracker entries and tell the
+  // Document, which stops counting them in `savingCount` and reports each
+  // through the error channel the app reads (`Brass.onError`). The ids are
+  // taken first because `_failOutstandingOp` re-enters app code.
+  //
+  // Dropping the ops is what opens the divergence, so the heal is armed here
+  // rather than at the call site: the local doc keeps the abandoned ops and
+  // keeps accepting edits that depend on them, and only the handshake can
+  // hand the server the slice it needs to apply any of it.
+  function failAllOutstanding(message: string): void {
+    const clientOpIds = [...outstandingResends.keys()];
+    forgetAllOps();
+    for (const clientOpId of clientOpIds) {
+      args.doc._failOutstandingOp(clientOpId, message);
+    }
+    if (clientOpIds.length > 0) {
+      divergenceHealRound = 0;
+      scheduleDivergenceHeal();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // One op is dead: report it and arm the heal, for the same reason
+  // `failAllOutstanding` does. The op stays applied locally and every edit
+  // made after it depends on it, so the server holds a stream it can store
+  // and never apply, and its own escape for an op nothing can apply is to
+  // discard it. Most refusals do not change that: the handshake pushes
+  // whatever slice the durable frontier is missing and splits it under the
+  // frame cap, so it heals the dependents even where the op itself is
+  // irreducibly too large to re-send.
+  //
+  // `healable: false` is for the refusal where pushing again is asking the
+  // same question. A full document refuses every op whatever its size, so
+  // the handshake's own chunks come back refused, and the counter reset
+  // below turns that into a loop rather than a bounded retry. What recovers
+  // that document is the periodic re-verify, once the server can take a
+  // write at all.
+  // A refusal the heal cannot work around leaves the writer holding a change
+  // that reached no database and no other reader, so the writer is the only
+  // copy of the document that shows it. Left editable it reads as applied: the
+  // element is on screen, the count includes it, every later edit builds on
+  // it, and a reader who opens the document sees none of it. Nothing local
+  // removes it either, because a CRDT merges rather than replaces and an undo
+  // inverts an operation instead of discarding it, so the only state holding
+  // exactly what is durable is one built from the server.
+  //
+  // Stopping the divergence and resolving it are separated, because they cost
+  // different things and doing them in one silent step is what made a refusal
+  // read as the platform losing work. Stopping is free and immediate:
+  // `readOnly` turns true, which closes an app's existing edit gate, so the
+  // copy cannot drift further. Resolving discards the refused work and swaps
+  // the document under whoever was working in it, so the user is told first
+  // and the reload follows their acknowledgement.
+  //
+  // The telling is the SDK's job rather than each app's. A copy left showing a
+  // change nothing else has is the failure being closed, so an app that
+  // renders no surface for this cannot be the reason a user stays on one.
+  //
+  // Once per document. The first refusal is what diverged this copy, so the
+  // later ones describe the same state and have nothing to add.
+  let lockedForRefusal = false;
+  function lockForUnhealableRefusal(message: string): void {
+    if (lockedForRefusal) return;
+    lockedForRefusal = true;
+    // Torn down in the order the `doc_gone` handler uses, and for the same
+    // reason: every one of these keeps working against a copy that is now
+    // read-only, and the resync push in particular would re-offer the refused
+    // op this exists to stop.
+    forgetAllOps();
+    clearUnavailableRecovery();
+    if (reverifyTimer !== null) {
+      clearInterval(reverifyTimer);
+      reverifyTimer = null;
+    }
+    clearDivergenceHeal();
+    if (gapTimer !== null) {
+      clearTimeout(gapTimer);
+      gapTimer = null;
+    }
+    args.doc._markReadOnly('unsaved');
+    // The user is told by the SDK, not by each app, because an app that
+    // renders nothing is exactly the case this has to cover: a document that
+    // reloaded and a document that reloaded for a reason look the same
+    // otherwise. `alert` holds the main thread until it is acknowledged, so
+    // the reason cannot be missed and the reload lands on a page the user
+    // is looking at. A browser that suppresses the dialog returns from it
+    // immediately, which reloads rather than skipping, and a caller outside
+    // a browser (a worker, a test) has nobody to tell and does the same.
+    //
+    // The reload survives a dialog that throws, which is the one way telling
+    // the user could cost them the fix: `alert` is a page-global an app is
+    // free to replace, and the copy this leaves behind is the diverged one
+    // the reload exists to discard.
+    try {
+      if (typeof alert === 'function') alert(message);
+    } catch {
+      // Told or not, the copy is resolved.
     }
+    args.doc.reload();
+  }
+
+  function failOpTerminally(
+    clientOpId: string,
+    message: string,
+    opts: { healable?: boolean; report?: boolean } = {},
+  ): void {
+    // Read before `_failOutstandingOp`, which clears the id from the
+    // resync-push set on its way out.
+    const wasHealPush = args.doc._isResyncPushOp(clientOpId);
+    opStartedAt.delete(clientOpId);
+    // A refusal the heal cannot answer is about the document, so it answers
+    // every op in flight the same way and is reported once, by the lock. Per
+    // op, a bulk write's outstanding ops each produce an identical error, so
+    // the reader watches the same message arrive dozens of times before the
+    // one dialog that explains it.
+    args.doc._failOutstandingOp(clientOpId, message, {
+      report: opts.report ?? true,
+    });
+    if (opts.healable === false) {
+      lockForUnhealableRefusal(message);
+      return;
+    }
+    // Restart the backoff only for a failure the heal did not itself
+    // produce. A refused heal chunk that zeroed the round count would keep
+    // the bound from ever binding: each round pushes, each push is refused,
+    // and each refusal buys another round. Leaving the count alone lets the
+    // rounds run out the way an unanswered handshake already does.
+    if (!wasHealPush) divergenceHealRound = 0;
+    scheduleDivergenceHeal();
+  }
+
+  function onServerUnavailable(): void {
+    if (outstandingResends.size === 0) return;
+    if (unavailableTimer !== null) return;
+    unavailableRounds += 1;
+    if (unavailableRounds > UNAVAILABLE_MAX_ROUNDS) {
+      clearUnavailableRecovery();
+      failAllOutstanding(UNAVAILABLE_GIVE_UP_MESSAGE);
+      return;
+    }
+    const delay = unavailableDelayMs(unavailableRounds);
+    unavailableTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      unavailableTimer = null;
+      resendAllOutstanding();
+    }, delay);
+    (unavailableTimer as { unref?: () => void }).unref?.();
   }
 
   // Durability handshake, run on every `doc_init`. The persisted version
@@ -2323,10 +3891,14 @@ function wireDocTransport(args: WireDocTransportArgs): void {
     durableTailBlobs: Uint8Array[],
   ): void {
     if (!snapshotVersionVectorB64) return;
-    args.doc.maybeResyncPush(
+    const outcome = args.doc.maybeResyncPush(
       base64ToBytes(snapshotVersionVectorB64),
       durableTailBlobs,
     );
+    // Reported here as well as from the re-verify, or the record holds only
+    // the heals that took the slower route and an operator reading it cannot
+    // tell that the ordinary reconnect handshake is missing from the set.
+    if (outcome === 'pushed') reportSyncHealth('divergence_healed');
   }
 
   // Re-fetch the durable frontier from the HTTP join and run the handshake.
@@ -2344,225 +3916,509 @@ function wireDocTransport(args: WireDocTransportArgs): void {
   let reverifyAgain = false;
   // Armed after the subscription is wired, cleared on `doc_gone` and teardown.
   let reverifyTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
-  async function reverifyDurability(): Promise<void> {
+  // The last run's verdict, so a caller healing a known divergence can tell a
+  // finished handshake from one that fetched nothing.
+  async function reverifyDurability(): Promise<ResyncPushOutcome | 'no-fetch'> {
     if (reverifyInFlight) {
       reverifyAgain = true;
-      return;
+      return 'in-flight';
     }
     reverifyInFlight = true;
+    let outcome: ResyncPushOutcome | 'no-fetch' = 'no-fetch';
     try {
       do {
         reverifyAgain = false;
         try {
           const frontier = await args.refetchDurableFrontier?.();
           if (frontier && frontier.snapshotVersionVector) {
-            args.doc.maybeResyncPush(
+            outcome = args.doc.maybeResyncPush(
               base64ToBytes(frontier.snapshotVersionVector),
               frontier.tailBlobs,
             );
+            // The handshake having work to do means the server's copy was
+            // behind this client's, which is the state a lost op leaves and
+            // which nothing on the server side reports.
+            if (outcome === 'pushed') reportSyncHealth('divergence_healed');
           }
         } catch {
           // Best-effort: a failed re-fetch defers the check to the next tick
           // or reconnect's `doc_init` handshake. Swallowed so the timer's
           // fire-and-forget never surfaces an unhandled rejection and one
-          // failed tick does not wedge the loop guard.
+          // failed tick does not wedge the loop guard. The `no-fetch` verdict
+          // is what keeps a divergence heal asking.
+          outcome = 'no-fetch';
         }
       } while (reverifyAgain);
     } finally {
       reverifyInFlight = false;
     }
+    return outcome;
+  }
+
+  // Divergence heal. Giving up on an op leaves the local doc holding CRDT
+  // knowledge the server does not, and Loro requires per-actor causal
+  // contiguity, so every op the app writes afterwards reaches the server as
+  // causally unapplyable and stays that way until the missing slice arrives.
+  // The server's own escape for an op nothing can apply is to discard it, so
+  // the window between the give-up and the next handshake is a window where
+  // the app writes into a document that keeps none of it.
+  //
+  // The periodic re-verify would eventually close that window, but on its own
+  // schedule: a bulk write finishes and the reader reloads well inside one
+  // tick. A give-up is the moment the client knows it has diverged, so it
+  // drives the handshake itself, and keeps driving it on a backoff until one
+  // run reports the durable frontier covering the local doc. The first delay
+  // is not zero because the give-up follows sustained shedding, so the fetch
+  // this schedules would join the burst it is recovering from.
+  const DIVERGENCE_HEAL_BASE_DELAY_MS = 2_000;
+  const DIVERGENCE_HEAL_MAX_DELAY_MS = 30_000;
+  // Roughly four minutes of attempts, after which the periodic re-verify is
+  // the remaining backstop and the tab has long since reported the failure.
+  const DIVERGENCE_HEAL_MAX_ROUNDS = 12;
+  let divergenceHealRound = 0;
+  let divergenceHealTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+
+  function scheduleDivergenceHeal(): void {
+    if (divergenceHealTimer !== null) return;
+    if (divergenceHealRound >= DIVERGENCE_HEAL_MAX_ROUNDS) return;
+    divergenceHealRound += 1;
+    const delay = Math.min(
+      DIVERGENCE_HEAL_BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, divergenceHealRound - 1),
+      DIVERGENCE_HEAL_MAX_DELAY_MS,
+    );
+    divergenceHealTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      divergenceHealTimer = null;
+      void reverifyDurability().then((outcome) => {
+        // `covered` is the only verdict that proves the hole is closed. A
+        // push that just went out is not yet durable, so the next round
+        // re-checks it rather than assuming its acks land, and the backoff
+        // it comes back on is what keeps a push settling from being polled.
+        if (outcome !== 'covered') scheduleDivergenceHeal();
+        else divergenceHealRound = 0;
+      });
+    }, delay);
+    (divergenceHealTimer as { unref?: () => void }).unref?.();
+  }
+
+  function clearDivergenceHeal(): void {
+    if (divergenceHealTimer !== null) {
+      clearTimeout(divergenceHealTimer);
+      divergenceHealTimer = null;
+    }
+    divergenceHealRound = 0;
   }
 
   // A coverage floor below the highest seq seen records ops this client
   // applied nothing for, and the server posts each op once, so nothing
   // re-sends them. Pull the join instead, after a delay long enough for an
   // out-of-order arrival to close the hole itself.
+  //
+  // The delay is only meaningful against the hole this check was ARMED on,
+  // which is why the seq it waits to reach is captured here rather than read
+  // again when it fires. Holes are the ordinary state of a client that is
+  // writing: acks overtake heavily, so the newest acked seq sits above the
+  // contiguous floor almost continuously, and each such hole closes as the ack
+  // below it lands. Asking on expiry whether ANY hole exists reads a
+  // brand-new one, opened by ops sent since, as the original persisting, and a
+  // client that keeps writing always has one. That answer costs a join
+  // re-import, which discards the undo and redo stacks, so the reader loses
+  // their history every couple of seconds while nothing is wrong.
+  //
+  // Rounds that move nothing back off and then stop, and any advance in the
+  // floor starts the budget over. What separates the two cases is exactly
+  // that: a hole left by a write still in flight fills as the rows land, so
+  // each pull delivers more and earns the next one, while a seq the server
+  // allocated and never wrote (a failed op write leaves a hole rather than a
+  // duplicate) delivers nothing however often it is asked for. Without the
+  // budget that second hole is a join re-import every couple of seconds for
+  // the life of the tab, each one discarding the reader's undo history. It
+  // clears at the next compaction, which folds the tail past the hole.
+  const GAP_PULL_MAX_ROUNDS = 6;
+  const GAP_PULL_MAX_DELAY_MS = 30_000;
   let gapTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+  let gapPullRounds = 0;
+  let gapPullFloor = -1;
   function scheduleGapCheck(): void {
     if (gapTimer !== null) return;
-    if (args.getCoveredSeq() >= args.getCurrentSeq()) return;
+    const awaited = args.getCurrentSeq();
+    const floor = args.getCoveredSeq();
+    if (floor >= awaited) {
+      gapPullRounds = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (floor > gapPullFloor) gapPullRounds = 0;
+    if (gapPullRounds >= GAP_PULL_MAX_ROUNDS) return;
+    gapPullRounds += 1;
+    gapPullFloor = floor;
+    const delay = Math.min(
+      MISSED_OP_RESYNC_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, gapPullRounds - 1),
+      GAP_PULL_MAX_DELAY_MS,
+    );
     gapTimer = setTimeout(() => {
       gapTimer = null;
-      if (args.getCoveredSeq() >= args.getCurrentSeq()) return;
-      args.resyncFromSnapshot?.();
-    }, MISSED_OP_RESYNC_DELAY_MS);
+      // Covered up to where the hole was: it closed on its own, whatever has
+      // been sent since. Anything newer arms its own check.
+      if (args.getCoveredSeq() >= awaited) {
+        gapPullRounds = 0;
+        return;
+      }
+      pullJoin();
+    }, delay);
     (gapTimer as { unref?: () => void }).unref?.();
   }
 
+  // The server ended this subscription: it refused the subscribe (a revoked
+  // grant), or evicted it again after the one silent re-subscribe a
+  // connection grants. The client detaches this transport from the topic as
+  // it reports that, so no ack, no fanout and no reconnect reaches it again.
+  //
+  // Everything the transport is waiting on is therefore dead. The ops it
+  // holds can never be acked, and re-sending them puts frames on a
+  // subscription the server has refused while `savingCount` climbs and the
+  // app hears nothing, so they are failed here and every later edit fails
+  // the same way: the app reads one actionable error per unsaved change and
+  // its cue to reload, rather than a document that looks like it is saving
+  // forever. The ids are taken before the reports because
+  // `_failOutstandingOp` re-enters app code.
+  let subscriptionEnded = false;
+  function endSubscription(): void {
+    if (subscriptionEnded) return;
+    subscriptionEnded = true;
+    const clientOpIds = [...outstandingResends.keys()];
+    forgetAllOps();
+    clearUnavailableRecovery();
+    // The heal and the gap pull both work through this transport, so they
+    // are stopped rather than armed: what they would push or fetch has no
+    // subscription left to travel on.
+    clearDivergenceHeal();
+    if (reverifyTimer !== null) {
+      clearInterval(reverifyTimer);
+      reverifyTimer = null;
+    }
+    if (gapTimer !== null) {
+      clearTimeout(gapTimer);
+      gapTimer = null;
+    }
+    for (const clientOpId of clientOpIds) {
+      args.doc._failOutstandingOp(clientOpId, SUBSCRIPTION_ENDED_MESSAGE);
+    }
+  }
+
   // 1. Subscribe to the doc topic. Frame routing:
   //    - `doc_init`: bridge the join-vs-fanout race. Ops committed between
   //      the HTTP join (T0) and the WS subscribe (T1) miss the HTTP tail and
-  //      can race the SUB# row so the first `doc_op` fanout may arrive BEFORE
+  //      can race the subscription record so the first `doc_op` fanout may arrive BEFORE
   //      doc_init (separate server invocations, no wire ordering). tail_ops
   //      apply unconditionally: filtering on `seq > currentSeq` would mask
   //      tail_ops a racing `doc_op` inflated the cursor past, leaving lamport
   //      gaps Loro cannot converge across (re-applying is an idempotent
   //      no-op).
+  //    - `doc_catch_up`: the document moved past this client's coverage on
+  //      an op the socket could not carry; re-import the join and nothing
+  //      more (see the branch).
   //    - `doc_op`: apply, advance cursor.
   //    - `op_ack`: resolve the outstanding-op tracker, advance cursor, cancel
   //      that op's resend timer.
   //    - everything else: handled by `BrassWsClient`.
-  const unsub = args.wsClient.subscribe(topic, (frame) => {
-    if (isDocInitFrame(frame)) {
-      // Resync check BEFORE applying. The tail covers (snapshot_seq,
-      // current_seq]; if the coverage floor sits below the tail's lower edge
-      // (or below current_seq when the tail is empty), ops in between were
-      // compacted into the snapshot while disconnected and exist nowhere in
-      // this tail or future fanout, so re-import the join's snapshot. The
-      // initial subscribe never trips this (the floor was just seeded), so
-      // the cost is paid only on a reconnect that crossed a compaction.
-      const minTailSeq = frame.tail_ops.reduce<number | null>(
-        (acc, entry) => (acc === null || entry.seq < acc ? entry.seq : acc),
-        null,
-      );
-      const snapshotFloor =
-        minTailSeq !== null ? minTailSeq - 1 : frame.current_seq;
-      const needsResync = args.getCoveredSeq() < snapshotFloor;
-      const tailBlobs: Uint8Array[] = [];
-      for (const entry of frame.tail_ops) {
-        // An op with no inline bytes is deliberately left uncovered: it
-        // has not been applied, so marking it covered would retire the
-        // very resync that fetches it.
-        if (entry.op_blob_b64 === undefined) continue;
-        const blob = base64ToBytes(entry.op_blob_b64);
-        tailBlobs.push(blob);
-        args.doc.applyRemoteOp(blob);
-        if (entry.seq > args.getCurrentSeq()) args.setCurrentSeq(entry.seq);
-        args.advanceCoveredSeq(entry.seq);
-      }
-      if (frame.current_seq > args.getCurrentSeq()) {
-        args.setCurrentSeq(frame.current_seq);
-      }
-      if (needsResync) {
-        if (httpOpWritesInFlight > 0) {
-          if (frame.current_seq > heldCatchUpSeq) heldCatchUpSeq = frame.current_seq;
+  const unsub = args.wsClient.subscribe(
+    topic,
+    (frame) => {
+      const init = parseDocInitFrame(frame);
+      if (init) {
+        // Recorded as the frame arrives rather than after the tail applies.
+        // Importing a tail op can throw, and the client swallows it, so a
+        // latch written further down would stay behind and read the NEXT
+        // reconnect as the opening subscribe, suppressing the report this
+        // exists to make.
+        const reconnects = args.wsClient.reconnectCount ?? 0;
+        const socketDropped =
+          docInitReconnectCount !== null && reconnects > docInitReconnectCount;
+        docInitReconnectCount = reconnects;
+        // Resync check BEFORE applying. The tail covers (snapshot_seq,
+        // current_seq]; if the coverage floor sits below the tail's lower edge
+        // (or below current_seq when the tail is empty), ops in between were
+        // compacted into the snapshot while disconnected and exist nowhere in
+        // this tail or future fanout, so re-import the join's snapshot. The
+        // initial subscribe never trips this (the floor was just seeded), so
+        // the cost is paid only on a reconnect that crossed a compaction.
+        const snapshotFloor = snapshotSeqOf(
+          init.snapshot_seq,
+          init.tail_ops.map((entry) => entry.seq),
+          init.current_seq,
+        );
+        const needsResync = args.getCoveredSeq() < snapshotFloor;
+        const tailBlobs: Uint8Array[] = [];
+        // Whether the frame's own entries can describe the durable frontier.
+        // An entry the server withheld the bytes of still NAMES an op the
+        // server holds, so a frontier folded from the inline entries alone
+        // reports every withheld op as missing from the server. See the
+        // handshake call below.
+        let tailComplete = true;
+        for (const entry of init.tail_ops) {
+          // An op with no inline bytes is deliberately left uncovered: it
+          // has not been applied, so marking it covered would retire the
+          // very resync that fetches it.
+          if (entry.op_blob_b64 === undefined) {
+            tailComplete = false;
+            continue;
+          }
+          const blob = base64ToBytes(entry.op_blob_b64);
+          tailBlobs.push(blob);
+          args.doc.applyRemoteOp(blob);
+          if (entry.seq > args.getCurrentSeq()) args.setCurrentSeq(entry.seq);
+          args.advanceCoveredSeq(entry.seq);
+        }
+        // The frame also has to ACCOUNT for every seq the head names, not
+        // merely carry bytes for the entries it lists. The server drops an
+        // oversized or spilled tail from this frame ENTIRELY rather than
+        // listing it byte-less (`document.tail.dropped`), so an empty tail on
+        // a branch whose head sits above its snapshot is not a branch with
+        // nothing in flight: it is the whole tail withheld. Measured on a
+        // real document: snapshot_seq 565, current_seq 1089, 524 ops dropped
+        // from the frame and every one of them already imported by the HTTP
+        // join, so a frontier folded from this frame alone sat 524 ops behind
+        // the local doc and pushed them back on every open.
+        if (
+          typeof init.snapshot_seq === 'number' &&
+          tailBlobs.length < init.current_seq - init.snapshot_seq
+        ) {
+          tailComplete = false;
+        }
+        if (init.current_seq > args.getCurrentSeq()) {
+          args.setCurrentSeq(init.current_seq);
+        }
+        if (needsResync) {
+          resyncPastSeq(init.current_seq);
         } else {
-          args.resyncFromSnapshot?.();
+          // A frame that named a head it did not carry the tail for leaves
+          // the reader short with nothing further coming: the server drops an
+          // oversized or spilled tail from this frame and posts each op once.
+          // For a reader that never writes, this and the catch-up prompt are
+          // the only two places a gap gets noticed at all.
+          scheduleGapCheck();
+        }
+        // `doc_init` is the reconnect signal the retry-forever recovery hangs
+        // off: re-assert every outstanding op and run the durability handshake
+        // now, so a client holding work the server lost re-asserts it on
+        // reconnect rather than waiting out the per-op backoff. A fresh
+        // connection also returns the shed budget to full: this re-assert is
+        // the round the pending one would have run.
+        clearUnavailableRecovery();
+        // A reconnect, rather than the initial subscribe: the socket dropped
+        // while this document held work, which is the condition the server
+        // has no way to see. The first `doc_init` arrives on the opening
+        // subscribe, and an app that writes as soon as it opens already has
+        // ops outstanding by then, so reporting on every `doc_init` would
+        // fire routinely on a healthy first open and train a reader of the
+        // log to discount the event.
+        //
+        // Before the round rather than after, so the counters describe the
+        // work the reconnect found rather than the work it has just put back
+        // on the wire.
+        if (socketDropped && outstandingResends.size > 0) {
+          reportSyncHealth('reconnected_unsaved');
         }
+        resendAllOutstanding();
+        // The handshake needs the WHOLE durable tail, and this frame carries
+        // it only when every entry came inline. A spilled op is named here
+        // with its bytes withheld, and the HTTP join the reader already ran
+        // resolves and imports it, so a frontier built from the inline
+        // entries alone sits behind the local doc by exactly the ops that
+        // spilled, and the handshake pushes the reader's copy of the server's
+        // own tail back at it. On a branch at capacity every chunk is refused
+        // and reported, which is an error on screen for someone who only
+        // reopened the document; on any other branch it lands, writing a
+        // second durable copy of every spilled op and growing the document
+        // toward the ceiling on each open. `reverifyDurability` fetches
+        // through `fetchSnapshot`, which resolves spilled entries, so the
+        // frontier it diffs against is complete.
+        if (tailComplete) {
+          maybeResyncPush(init.snapshot_version_vector, tailBlobs);
+        } else {
+          void reverifyDurability();
+        }
+        // The tail has applied, so every author this client can hear from is
+        // in its doc. An author left in the durable frontier is one whose
+        // changes exist only inside the snapshot, which is the platform having
+        // rewritten how the document stores what it stores. A client cannot
+        // undo across that: its stack inverts the operations it made, and the
+        // values those operations wrote have moved, so an undo would remove
+        // nothing and report success. Re-import instead, which drops both
+        // stacks and leaves the reader on fresh state with undo honestly
+        // unavailable.
+        //
+        // Coverage does not catch this on its own, and the case it misses is
+        // the ordinary one: the fold runs on a branch nobody has open, so the
+        // client that returns to it missed no ops and has no gap to notice.
+        if (!needsResync) maybeResyncPastRewrite(init.snapshot_version_vector);
+        // Posted after the subscription record exists, so this is the safe point to
+        // reconcile a pending open whose terminal status frame was dropped.
+        args.reconcileStatusOnInit?.();
+        args.onDocumentMoved?.();
+        return;
       }
-      // `doc_init` is the reconnect signal the retry-forever recovery hangs
-      // off: re-assert every outstanding op and run the durability handshake
-      // now, so a client holding work the server lost re-asserts it on
-      // reconnect rather than waiting out the per-op backoff.
-      resendAllOutstanding();
-      // Tolerate a non-string vector (a future retyping) as absent: the
-      // handshake is skipped, but the frame still delivers.
-      maybeResyncPush(
-        typeof frame.snapshot_version_vector === 'string'
-          ? frame.snapshot_version_vector
-          : undefined,
-        tailBlobs,
-      );
-      // Posted after the SUB# row exists, so this is the safe point to
-      // reconcile a pending open whose terminal status frame was dropped.
-      args.reconcileStatusOnInit?.();
-      return;
-    }
-    if (isDocOpFrame(frame)) {
-      // Apply unconditionally. A `seq <= currentSeq` short-circuit looks safe
-      // (import is idempotent) but permanently drops ops on out-of-order
-      // fanout: seq=14 before seq=13 inflates the cursor past 13, after which
-      // seq=13 is skipped forever, leaving a lamport gap Loro cannot converge
-      // across.
-      const bytes = base64ToBytes(frame.op_blob);
-      args.doc.applyRemoteOp(bytes);
-      if (frame.seq > args.getCurrentSeq()) args.setCurrentSeq(frame.seq);
-      args.advanceCoveredSeq(frame.seq);
-      scheduleGapCheck();
-      return;
-    }
-    if (isOpAckFrame(frame)) {
-      args.doc.resolveOutstandingOp(frame.client_op_id);
-      args.setCurrentSeq(frame.seq);
-      args.advanceCoveredSeq(frame.seq);
-      // An ack for a local op sits above any remote op this client never
-      // received, so the user's own next edit is a second chance to notice.
-      scheduleGapCheck();
-      const pending = outstandingResends.get(frame.client_op_id);
-      if (pending) {
-        clearTimeout(pending.timer);
-        outstandingResends.delete(frame.client_op_id);
+      if (isDocCatchUpFrame(frame)) {
+        // The document moved past what this client can bridge to, so pull the
+        // join. Nothing else: the prompt describes the document rather than
+        // this subscription, and every subscriber gets one on each op the
+        // socket could not carry. Re-asserting outstanding ops here writes a
+        // second durable copy of each of them (the server allocates a fresh
+        // seq per send) for every such op any writer makes, and cancelling
+        // the shed recovery here parks a shed op on its per-op backoff
+        // instead of the schedule the shed armed.
+        if (frame.current_seq > args.getCurrentSeq()) {
+          args.setCurrentSeq(frame.current_seq);
+        }
+        if (args.getCoveredSeq() < frame.current_seq) {
+          resyncPastSeq(frame.current_seq);
+        }
+        return;
       }
-      return;
-    }
-    if (isOpRejectedFrame(frame)) {
-      // Terminal, not transient: cancel this op's resend (retrying would only
-      // draw the same rejection forever and pin `savingCount`) and fail it on
-      // the Document so the app hears "could not be saved" instead of a silent
-      // wedge. Scoped to this one op; the topic subscription stays live.
-      const pending = outstandingResends.get(frame.client_op_id);
-      if (pending) {
-        clearTimeout(pending.timer);
-        outstandingResends.delete(frame.client_op_id);
-      }
-      args.doc._failOutstandingOp(frame.client_op_id, opRejectedMessage(frame));
-      return;
-    }
-    if (isDocGoneFrame(frame)) {
-      // Cancel every resend timer FIRST so a doc that was saving when delete
-      // landed stops re-trying ops the server will only reject as `forbidden`
-      // (the SUB# row was evicted at fanout). Draining before the `_markGone`
-      // listeners keeps the lifecycle observably clean.
-      for (const pending of outstandingResends.values()) {
-        clearTimeout(pending.timer);
-      }
-      outstandingResends.clear();
-      // Stop re-verifying durability against an evicted doc: a resync push
-      // would only bounce as `forbidden`, and a gap pull would only 404.
-      if (reverifyTimer !== null) {
-        clearInterval(reverifyTimer);
-        reverifyTimer = null;
-      }
-      if (gapTimer !== null) {
-        clearTimeout(gapTimer);
-        gapTimer = null;
-      }
-      args.doc._markGone(goneReasonOf(frame));
-      return;
-    }
-    if (isDocStatusFrame(frame)) {
-      // The validator gates only on `pending`; default `message` here so a
-      // message-less status still carries a valid `DocumentWorkStatus`
-      // (`message` is typed non-null and rendered verbatim).
-      const status: DocumentWorkStatus = {
-        ...frame.status,
-        message:
-          typeof frame.status.message === 'string' ? frame.status.message : '',
-      };
-      // `reload` is the server's authoritative "succeeded, content ready"
-      // hint: pull the content in and emit the terminal status only AFTER the
-      // import lands, so an app re-reading on `onStatus` sees content present.
-      // A failure frame has no `reload`, so emit immediately and fetch
-      // nothing (no racy read, no loop).
-      if (frame.reload && args.reloadAfterHydration) {
-        args.reloadAfterHydration(status);
-      } else {
-        args.doc._emitStatus(status);
+      if (isDocOpFrame(frame)) {
+        // Apply unconditionally. A `seq <= currentSeq` short-circuit looks safe
+        // (import is idempotent) but permanently drops ops on out-of-order
+        // fanout: seq=14 before seq=13 inflates the cursor past 13, after which
+        // seq=13 is skipped forever, leaving a lamport gap Loro cannot converge
+        // across.
+        const bytes = base64ToBytes(frame.op_blob);
+        args.doc.applyRemoteOp(bytes);
+        if (frame.seq > args.getCurrentSeq()) args.setCurrentSeq(frame.seq);
+        args.advanceCoveredSeq(frame.seq);
+        scheduleGapCheck();
+        args.onDocumentMoved?.();
+        return;
       }
-      return;
-    }
-    if (isDocMetaFrame(frame)) {
-      // `_setName` de-dupes, so a re-emit of the current name is a no-op.
-      args.doc._setName(frame.name);
-      return;
-    }
-    if (isDocDriveStatusFrame(frame)) {
-      // The signal de-dupes a no-op re-emit, so forwarding every frame is safe.
-      args.doc._emitDriveStatus(toDriveStatus(frame.drive));
-      return;
-    }
-    if (isDocOpsDroppedFrame(frame)) {
-      // Prompt durability re-check: the discard sealed a new snapshot, so
-      // re-fetch the moved frontier and run the handshake now instead of at
-      // the author's next reconnect. The handshake self-selects: the author
-      // finds local ahead and resync-pushes under a new seq, others no-op.
-      // Covered by the `doc_init` handshake / periodic re-verify if missed.
-      void reverifyDurability();
-      return;
-    }
-    // Unknown frame: ignore, so server-side schema growth doesn't break older
-    // SDK builds.
-  });
+      if (isOpAckFrame(frame)) {
+        // Evidence the connection is working through its queue, which is what
+        // the resend timers read to tell a slow ack from a silent server.
+        lastAckAt = Date.now();
+        args.doc.resolveOutstandingOp(frame.client_op_id);
+        args.setCurrentSeq(frame.seq);
+        args.advanceCoveredSeq(frame.seq);
+        // An ack for a local op sits above any remote op this client never
+        // received, so the user's own next edit is a second chance to notice.
+        scheduleGapCheck();
+        forgetOp(frame.client_op_id);
+        // The server is durably accepting writes again, so the shed budget
+        // starts over. A round already scheduled still runs: the ops it
+        // re-asserts are the ones this ack did not cover.
+        unavailableRounds = 0;
+        return;
+      }
+      if (isServerUnavailableFrame(frame)) {
+        onServerUnavailable();
+        return;
+      }
+      if (isOpRejectedFrame(frame)) {
+        // Terminal, not transient: cancel this op's resend (retrying would only
+        // draw the same rejection forever and pin `savingCount`) and fail it on
+        // the Document so the app hears "could not be saved" instead of a silent
+        // wedge. Scoped to this one op; the topic subscription stays live.
+        forgetOp(frame.client_op_id);
+        // The flip is the one moment the refusal is worth reporting: every op
+        // in flight draws the same sentence, and a bulk write has as many of
+        // those as it has unacked writes.
+        const atCapacity = isCapacityRejection(frame);
+        const firstCapacityRefusal = atCapacity && args.doc._markAtCapacity();
+        // A refusal that names the writer rather than the op applies to
+        // every op this reader will send, so it turns the whole Document
+        // read-only before the failure is reported: the app's own
+        // `doc.readOnly` gate then disables the editor in the same tick the
+        // reader hears why, rather than letting them keep typing into a
+        // surface nothing will save.
+        const readOnly = readOnlyReasonForRejection(frame);
+        if (readOnly !== null) args.doc._markReadOnly(readOnly);
+        // NO capacity refusal is healable, whichever kind it is. The refused
+        // work sits on this copy and nowhere else, and the heal is the only
+        // thing that could place it: when it runs out of rounds it stops
+        // silently, so a copy the handshake could not settle is one showing
+        // work that a reload will not, with nothing said. Both kinds therefore
+        // lock, tell and reload, which is what the server's own wording for
+        // each of them already promises.
+        //
+        // The other refusals here stay healable: the handshake splits the
+        // slice under the frame cap, which is what reaches the dependents of
+        // an op that is itself too large to re-send.
+        failOpTerminally(frame.client_op_id, opRejectedMessage(frame), {
+          healable: !atCapacity,
+          report: !atCapacity || firstCapacityRefusal,
+        });
+        return;
+      }
+      if (isDocGoneFrame(frame)) {
+        // Cancel every resend timer FIRST so a doc that was saving when delete
+        // landed stops re-trying ops the server will only reject as `forbidden`
+        // (the subscription record was evicted at fanout). Draining before the `_markGone`
+        // listeners keeps the lifecycle observably clean.
+        forgetAllOps();
+        clearUnavailableRecovery();
+        // Stop re-verifying durability against an evicted doc: a resync push
+        // would only bounce as `forbidden`, and a gap pull would only 404.
+        if (reverifyTimer !== null) {
+          clearInterval(reverifyTimer);
+          reverifyTimer = null;
+        }
+        clearDivergenceHeal();
+        if (gapTimer !== null) {
+          clearTimeout(gapTimer);
+          gapTimer = null;
+        }
+        args.doc._markGone(goneReasonOf(frame));
+        return;
+      }
+      if (isDocStatusFrame(frame)) {
+        const status = normalizeWorkStatus(frame.status);
+        // `reload` is the server's authoritative "succeeded, content ready"
+        // hint: pull the content in and emit the terminal status only AFTER the
+        // import lands, so an app re-reading on `onStatus` sees content present.
+        // A failure frame has no `reload`, so emit immediately and fetch
+        // nothing (no racy read, no loop).
+        if (frame.reload && args.reloadAfterHydration) {
+          args.reloadAfterHydration(status);
+        } else {
+          args.doc._emitStatus(status);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      if (isDocMetaFrame(frame)) {
+        // `_setName` de-dupes, so a re-emit of the current name is a no-op.
+        args.doc._setName(frame.name);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (isDocDriveStatusFrame(frame)) {
+        // The signal de-dupes a no-op re-emit, so forwarding every frame is safe.
+        args.doc._emitDriveStatus(toDriveStatus(frame.drive));
+        return;
+      }
+      if (isDocDrivePublishFrame(frame)) {
+        args.doc._emitPublishState({
+          publishing: frame.publish.publishing === true,
+          failed: frame.publish.failed === true,
+          detail:
+            typeof frame.publish.detail === 'string' ? frame.publish.detail : null,
+        });
+        return;
+      }
+      if (isDocOpsDroppedFrame(frame)) {
+        // Prompt durability re-check: the discard sealed a new snapshot, so
+        // re-fetch the moved frontier and run the handshake now instead of at
+        // the author's next reconnect. The handshake self-selects: the author
+        // finds local ahead and resync-pushes under a new seq, others no-op.
+        // Covered by the `doc_init` handshake / periodic re-verify if missed.
+        void reverifyDurability();
+        return;
+      }
+      // Unknown frame: ignore, so server-side schema growth doesn't break
+      // older SDK builds.
+    },
+    {
+      // `resendAllOutstanding` on the `doc_init` that follows every
+      // `subscribed` ack IS this topic's re-assertion, so the client drops an
+      // op frame it cannot send now rather than buffering a second copy.
+      ownsFrameRetry: true,
+      onEnded: endSubscription,
+    },
+  );
 
   // Arm the periodic durability re-verify (the long-lived-tab backstop).
   // `unref` so the interval never keeps a Node host alive (no-op in the
@@ -2577,6 +4433,22 @@ function wireDocTransport(args: WireDocTransportArgs): void {
   //    tracker so a silently-dropped server response triggers a retry.
   args.doc.setLocalOpHook((opBlob) => {
     const clientOpId = args.newClientOpId();
+    // Nothing carries an op once the subscription is over, so it is failed
+    // instead of tracked: an entry nothing can ack pins `savingCount` and
+    // its resends reach a topic the server refused. The caller records the
+    // entry AFTER this hook returns, so the failure waits a microtask for
+    // there to be one to fail.
+    //
+    // Taken before the op is timed, because this path fails the op through
+    // the Document directly rather than through `failOpTerminally`, so a
+    // timing entry written here is one nothing ever drops.
+    if (subscriptionEnded) {
+      void Promise.resolve().then(() => {
+        args.doc._failOutstandingOp(clientOpId, SUBSCRIPTION_ENDED_MESSAGE);
+      });
+      return clientOpId;
+    }
+    opStartedAt.set(clientOpId, Date.now());
     const opBlobB64 = bytesToBase64(opBlob);
     const sendFrame: {
       type: 'op';
@@ -2601,14 +4473,18 @@ function wireDocTransport(args: WireDocTransportArgs): void {
       return clientOpId;
     }
 
-    args.wsClient.send(sendFrame);
     outstandingResends.set(clientOpId, {
       frame: sendFrame,
       attempts: 1,
-      // Placeholder, overwritten immediately below.
+      // Placeholders, overwritten by `dispatchOp` and `scheduleResend` once
+      // the op is actually on the socket.
       timer: setTimeout(() => undefined, 0),
+      armedAt: 0,
+      dispatchedAt: 0,
+      inFlight: 0,
+      queued: false,
     });
-    scheduleResend(clientOpId);
+    dispatchOp(clientOpId);
     return clientOpId;
   });
 
@@ -2640,32 +4516,72 @@ function wireDocTransport(args: WireDocTransportArgs): void {
     // The size is known here, so refuse without spending a round trip on a
     // blob that can only come back 400.
     if (opBlobExceedsDurableLimit(opBlobB64)) {
-      args.doc._failOutstandingOp(clientOpId, TOO_LARGE_MESSAGE);
+      failOpTerminally(clientOpId, TOO_LARGE_MESSAGE);
       return;
     }
 
     if (!args.postOversizedOp) {
-      args.doc._failOutstandingOp(clientOpId, TOO_LARGE_MESSAGE);
+      failOpTerminally(clientOpId, TOO_LARGE_MESSAGE);
       return;
     }
-    let result: Awaited<ReturnType<NonNullable<WireDocTransportArgs['postOversizedOp']>>>;
-    try {
-      result = await args.postOversizedOp(opBlobB64, clientOpId);
-    } catch (err) {
-      result = {
-        ok: false,
-        message: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
-      };
+    // An oversized op is deliberately kept out of `outstandingResends` (a
+    // frame past the cap must never reach the socket), so the shed recovery
+    // that re-asserts the tracker cannot reach this one. It runs its own
+    // round of the same policy instead, on the same budget and backoff, so a
+    // capacity refusal costs an op the same nothing whichever transport
+    // carried it.
+    let result: OversizedOpResult | undefined;
+    for (let round = 0; round <= UNAVAILABLE_MAX_ROUNDS; round += 1) {
+      if (round > 0) {
+        await new Promise((resolve) => {
+          const timer = setTimeout(resolve, unavailableDelayMs(round));
+          (timer as { unref?: () => void }).unref?.();
+        });
+      }
+      try {
+        result = await args.postOversizedOp(opBlobB64, clientOpId);
+      } catch (err) {
+        result = {
+          ok: false,
+          message: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
+          // Staging the blob runs strictly before the op write, so a failure
+          // there wrote nothing and the op is still the client's to send: it
+          // is priced the way the write prices its own refusals. Any other
+          // throw leaves it unknown whether the handler ran, and this op
+          // carries no idempotency the server dedupes on, so replaying it
+          // could double-apply.
+          retryable:
+            err instanceof OpStagingError && opStagingIsRetryable(err),
+        };
+      }
+      if (result.ok || !result.retryable) break;
+    }
+    if (result === undefined) {
+      opStartedAt.delete(clientOpId);
+      return;
     }
     if (!result.ok) {
       // Terminal for this op, the same way `op_rejected` is: the local
       // commit stays applied but never persists, so the app hears about it
-      // instead of watching `savingCount` sit above zero forever.
-      args.doc._failOutstandingOp(clientOpId, result.message);
+      // instead of watching `savingCount` sit above zero forever. A refusal
+      // about the writer turns the Document read-only first, so the app's
+      // own gate closes the editor as the reader is told why.
+      const firstCapacityRefusal =
+        result.atCapacity === true && args.doc._markAtCapacity();
+      if (result.readOnly) args.doc._markReadOnly(result.readOnly);
+      failOpTerminally(
+        clientOpId,
+        result.retryable ? UNAVAILABLE_GIVE_UP_MESSAGE : result.message,
+        {
+          healable: result.atCapacity !== true,
+          report: result.atCapacity !== true || firstCapacityRefusal,
+        },
+      );
       return;
     }
     // Same bookkeeping an `op_ack` does: resolve the outstanding entry and
     // advance both cursors past the seq the server allocated.
+    opStartedAt.delete(clientOpId);
     args.doc.resolveOutstandingOp(clientOpId);
     args.setCurrentSeq(result.seq);
     args.advanceCoveredSeq(result.seq);
@@ -2722,14 +4638,13 @@ function wireDocTransport(args: WireDocTransportArgs): void {
       clearInterval(reverifyTimer);
       reverifyTimer = null;
     }
+    clearDivergenceHeal();
     if (gapTimer !== null) {
       clearTimeout(gapTimer);
       gapTimer = null;
     }
-    for (const entry of outstandingResends.values()) {
-      clearTimeout(entry.timer);
-    }
-    outstandingResends.clear();
+    forgetAllOps();
+    clearUnavailableRecovery();
     originalClose();
   };
   (args.doc as Document & { close: () => void }).close = () => {
@@ -2742,16 +4657,40 @@ function wireDocTransport(args: WireDocTransportArgs): void {
     // (its lifecycle is the parent Document's). Keying on the REQUESTED branch
     // (not the resolved one) keeps park and take symmetric; a default-branch
     // open has no requested branch and so skips the cache.
-    const cacheKey =
-      args.doc.readOnly || args.parkable === false
-        ? null
-        : parkCacheKey(args.docId, args.requestedBranchId, args.requestedStream);
+    //
+    // A doc with work still running skips it too: parking clears the status
+    // listeners, and the SDK's own waiters on that work (the import runner
+    // waits for the phase that produces the file it imports) are keyed to
+    // this instance, so a reopen would hand back a Document whose wait can
+    // never fire. A fresh open re-attaches everything.
+    //
+    // So does one the server has evicted. `takeParkedDocument` refuses such an
+    // entry, so parking it buys nothing and costs everything parking keeps
+    // alive: the topic subscription (which goes on delivering every op of a
+    // document nobody is reading) and the LoroDoc's heap, until some later
+    // open or eviction reaches that key. A move is the case that makes this
+    // routine rather than terminal, because the session follows it by
+    // reopening the same id, so the evicted copy is retired on every move.
+    const parkable =
+      !args.doc.readOnly &&
+      args.parkable !== false &&
+      args.doc.status?.pending !== true &&
+      args.doc._goneReason === null;
+    const cacheKey = parkable
+      ? parkCacheKey(args.docId, args.requestedBranchId, args.requestedStream)
+      : null;
     if (cacheKey === null) {
       fullTeardown();
       return;
     }
     args.doc._suspend();
-    parkDocument({ doc: args.doc, teardown: fullTeardown, key: cacheKey });
+    parkDocument({
+      doc: args.doc,
+      teardown: fullTeardown,
+      key: cacheKey,
+      optionsSig: documentOptionsSig(args.documentOptions),
+      identity: args.identity?.() ?? null,
+    });
   };
 }