@braedonsaunders/appkit-desk 0.7.0 → 0.9.0

package/vz/Sources/appkit-desk-vz/Control.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import Foundation
+
+/// The control channel: newline-delimited JSON on stdin and stdout.
+///
+/// Every request carries an `id` and an `op`, and is answered by exactly one
+/// response with the same `id` — `{"id","ok":true,"result":{…}}` or
+/// `{"id","ok":false,"error":"…"}`. Unsolicited events carry `event` and no
+/// `id`. Diagnostics go to stderr, never stdout, so stdout is always parseable.
+@MainActor
+final class ControlChannel {
+  private var buffer = Data()
+  private let input: DispatchSourceRead
+  var onRequest: ((_ id: String, _ op: String, _ body: [String: Any]) -> Void)?
+  var onClose: (() -> Void)?
+
+  static let lineLimit = 1 << 20
+
+  init() {
+    let flags = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_GETFL)
+    _ = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK)
+    input = DispatchSource.makeReadSource(fileDescriptor: STDIN_FILENO, queue: .main)
+    input.setEventHandler { @Sendable [weak self] in Task { @MainActor in self?.readable() } }
+  }
+
+  func start() { input.resume() }
+
+  private func readable() {
+    var chunk = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: 64 * 1024)
+    while true {
+      let count = chunk.withUnsafeMutableBytes { read(STDIN_FILENO, $0.baseAddress, $0.count) }
+      if count > 0 {
+        buffer.append(contentsOf: chunk[0..<count])
+        drainLines()
+        continue
+      }
+      if count == 0 {
+        // The host is gone. A helper that outlived it would leave a VM nobody
+        // can reach running on the Mac, so end of input is a stop.
+        input.cancel()
+        onClose?()
+        return
+      }
+      if errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR { return }
+      input.cancel()
+      onClose?()
+      return
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func drainLines() {
+    while let newline = buffer.firstIndex(of: 0x0a) {
+      let line = buffer[buffer.startIndex..<newline]
+      buffer.removeSubrange(buffer.startIndex...newline)
+      handle(Data(line))
+    }
+    if buffer.count > Self.lineLimit {
+      log("control line exceeded \(Self.lineLimit) bytes; discarding it")
+      buffer.removeAll()
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func handle(_ line: Data) {
+    if line.allSatisfy({ $0 == 0x20 || $0 == 0x0d || $0 == 0x09 }) { return }
+    guard let object = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: line), let body = object as? [String: Any] else {
+      log("ignoring a control line that is not a JSON object")
+      return
+    }
+    guard let id = body["id"] as? String, !id.isEmpty else {
+      log("ignoring a control request without an id")
+      return
+    }
+    guard let op = body["op"] as? String else {
+      respond(id, error: "Request has no op.")
+      return
+    }
+    onRequest?(id, op, body)
+  }
+
+  func respond(_ id: String, result: [String: Any]) {
+    write(["id": id, "ok": true, "result": result])
+  }
+
+  func respond(_ id: String, error: String) {
+    write(["id": id, "ok": false, "error": error])
+  }
+
+  func emit(_ event: String, _ fields: [String: Any] = [:]) {
+    var message = fields
+    message["event"] = event
+    write(message)
+  }
+
+  private func write(_ message: [String: Any]) {
+    guard var data = try? JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: message, options: [.sortedKeys]) else { return }
+    data.append(0x0a)
+    FileHandle.standardOutput.write(data)
+  }
+}
+
+func log(_ message: String) {
+  FileHandle.standardError.write(Data("appkit-desk-vz: \(message)\n".utf8))
+}
+
+/// A malformed or impossible request, reported back as the response's error.
+struct RequestError: Error, CustomStringConvertible {
+  let description: String
+  init(_ description: String) { self.description = description }
+}
+
+extension Dictionary where Key == String, Value == Any {
+  func string(_ key: String) throws -> String {
+    guard let value = self[key] as? String, !value.isEmpty else {
+      throw RequestError("\(key) must be a non-empty string.")
+    }
+    return value
+  }
+
+  func optionalString(_ key: String) throws -> String? {
+    guard let value = self[key], !(value is NSNull) else { return nil }
+    guard let text = value as? String, !text.isEmpty else {
+      throw RequestError("\(key) must be a non-empty string when present.")
+    }
+    return text
+  }
+
+  func path(_ key: String) throws -> String {
+    let value = try string(key)
+    guard value.hasPrefix("/") else { throw RequestError("\(key) must be an absolute path.") }
+    return value
+  }
+
+  func optionalPath(_ key: String) throws -> String? {
+    guard let value = try optionalString(key) else { return nil }
+    guard value.hasPrefix("/") else { throw RequestError("\(key) must be an absolute path.") }
+    return value
+  }
+
+  func positiveInteger(_ key: String) throws -> Int {
+    guard let number = self[key] as? NSNumber, CFGetTypeID(number) != CFBooleanGetTypeID(),
+      number.doubleValue == number.doubleValue.rounded(), number.intValue > 0
+    else { throw RequestError("\(key) must be a positive integer.") }
+    return number.intValue
+  }
+
+  func bool(_ key: String, default fallback: Bool) throws -> Bool {
+    guard let value = self[key], !(value is NSNull) else { return fallback }
+    guard let number = value as? NSNumber, CFGetTypeID(number) == CFBooleanGetTypeID() else {
+      throw RequestError("\(key) must be a boolean.")
+    }
+    return number.boolValue
+  }
+}

package/vz/Sources/appkit-desk-vz/Helper.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+import DeskNet
+import Foundation
+import Virtualization
+
+/// A host directory shared into the guest over virtio-fs.
+struct ShareRequest {
+  let tag: String
+  let directory: URL
+  let readOnly: Bool
+}
+
+/// Everything `boot` needs, validated before anything is created.
+struct BootRequest {
+  let kernel: URL
+  let initrd: URL?
+  let cmdline: String
+  let disk: URL
+  let memoryMb: Int
+  let vcpus: Int
+  let vsockSocket: String
+  let portSocket: String?
+  let restoreFrom: URL?
+  let machineIdentifier: Data?
+  let consoleLog: URL?
+  let network: NetworkConfiguration
+  let shares: [ShareRequest]
+
+  init(_ body: [String: Any]) throws {
+    kernel = URL(fileURLWithPath: try body.path("kernel"))
+    initrd = try body.optionalPath("initrd").map { URL(fileURLWithPath: $0) }
+    cmdline = (body["cmdline"] as? String) ?? ""
+    disk = URL(fileURLWithPath: try body.path("disk"))
+    memoryMb = try body.positiveInteger("memoryMb")
+    vcpus = try body.positiveInteger("vcpus")
+    vsockSocket = try body.path("vsockSocket")
+    portSocket = try body.optionalPath("portSocket")
+    restoreFrom = try body.optionalPath("restoreFrom").map { URL(fileURLWithPath: $0) }
+    if let encoded = try body.optionalString("machineIdentifier") {
+      guard let data = Data(base64Encoded: encoded) else {
+        throw RequestError("machineIdentifier must be base64.")
+      }
+      machineIdentifier = data
+    } else {
+      machineIdentifier = nil
+    }
+    consoleLog = try body.optionalPath("consoleLog").map { URL(fileURLWithPath: $0) }
+    if restoreFrom != nil && machineIdentifier == nil {
+      throw RequestError("restoreFrom requires the machineIdentifier the machine was saved with.")
+    }
+    shares = try Self.shares(body["shares"])
+
+    let network = (body["network"] as? [String: Any]) ?? [:]
+    var configuration = NetworkConfiguration(allowLan: try network.bool("allowLan", default: false))
+    if let text = try network.optionalString("macAddress") {
+      guard let mac = MAC(text), !mac.isMulticast else { throw RequestError("network.macAddress is not a unicast MAC address.") }
+      configuration.guestMAC = mac
+    }
+    if let text = try network.optionalString("guestAddress") {
+      guard let address = IPv4(text) else { throw RequestError("network.guestAddress is not an IPv4 address.") }
+      configuration.guestAddress = address
+    }
+    if let text = try network.optionalString("gatewayAddress") {
+      guard let address = IPv4(text) else { throw RequestError("network.gatewayAddress is not an IPv4 address.") }
+      configuration.gatewayAddress = address
+    }
+    if network["prefixLength"] != nil {
+      let prefix = try network.positiveInteger("prefixLength")
+      guard (8...30).contains(prefix) else { throw RequestError("network.prefixLength must be between 8 and 30.") }
+      configuration.prefixLength = prefix
+    }
+    if let list = network["dns"] {
+      guard let entries = list as? [String], !entries.isEmpty, entries.count <= 3 else {
+        throw RequestError("network.dns must list one to three IPv4 resolvers.")
+      }
+      configuration.dns = try entries.map { entry in
+        guard let address = IPv4(entry) else { throw RequestError("network.dns entry \(entry) is not an IPv4 address.") }
+        return address
+      }
+    }
+    let subnet = CIDR(configuration.gatewayAddress, configuration.prefixLength)
+    guard subnet.contains(configuration.guestAddress), configuration.guestAddress != configuration.gatewayAddress else {
+      throw RequestError("network.guestAddress must be a different address in the gateway's subnet.")
+    }
+    self.network = configuration
+  }
+
+  /// Tags are checked against Virtualization.framework's own rules when the
+  /// devices are made; here, only that each is present and unique.
+  private static func shares(_ value: Any?) throws -> [ShareRequest] {
+    guard let value, !(value is NSNull) else { return [] }
+    guard let entries = value as? [[String: Any]] else { throw RequestError("shares must be an array of objects.") }
+    var tags = Set<String>()
+    return try entries.enumerated().map { index, entry in
+      let tag = try entry.string("tag")
+      guard tags.insert(tag).inserted else { throw RequestError("shares[\(index)].tag \(tag) is used by another share.") }
+      let path = try entry.path("path")
+      var isDirectory: ObjCBool = false
+      guard FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: path, isDirectory: &isDirectory), isDirectory.boolValue else {
+        throw RequestError("shares[\(index)].path is not an existing directory: \(path)")
+      }
+      guard entry["readOnly"] is NSNumber else { throw RequestError("shares[\(index)].readOnly must be a boolean.") }
+      return ShareRequest(
+        tag: tag, directory: URL(fileURLWithPath: path, isDirectory: true),
+        readOnly: try entry.bool("readOnly", default: false))
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// One helper process runs one VM. It owns the VM, the guest's network, and
+/// the two Unix sockets the host reaches the guest through.
+@MainActor
+final class Helper: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate {
+  private let control: ControlChannel
+  private var machine: VZVirtualMachine?
+  private var stack: NetworkStack?
+  private var link: DatagramLink?
+  private var vsockListener: HandshakeListener?
+  private var portListener: HandshakeListener?
+  private var relays: [ObjectIdentifier: Relay] = [:]
+  private var stateObservation: NSKeyValueObservation?
+  private var guestAddress: String?
+  private var machineIdentifier: Data?
+  private var booting = false
+  private var exiting = false
+
+  init(control: ControlChannel) {
+    self.control = control
+    super.init()
+  }
+
+  func handle(id: String, op: String, body: [String: Any]) {
+    switch op {
+    case "boot": boot(id, body)
+    case "pause": pause(id)
+    case "resume": resume(id)
+    case "save": save(id, body)
+    case "stop": stop(id)
+    case "status": control.respond(id, result: status())
+    default: control.respond(id, error: "Unknown op \(op).")
+    }
+  }
+
+  // MARK: Requests
+
+  private func boot(_ id: String, _ body: [String: Any]) {
+    guard machine == nil, !booting else {
+      return control.respond(id, error: "This helper has already booted a machine; one helper runs one VM.")
+    }
+    let request: BootRequest
+    let configuration: VZVirtualMachineConfiguration
+    do {
+      request = try BootRequest(body)
+      configuration = try makeConfiguration(request)
+      try configuration.validate()
+      if request.restoreFrom != nil { try configuration.validateSaveRestoreSupport() }
+    } catch {
+      return control.respond(id, error: describe(error))
+    }
+    booting = true
+    let vm = VZVirtualMachine(configuration: configuration, queue: .main)
+    vm.delegate = self
+    machine = vm
+    stateObservation = vm.observe(\.state, options: [.new]) { [weak self] _, _ in
+      Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
+        guard let self, let state = self.machine?.state else { return }
+        self.control.emit("state", ["state": Self.name(state)])
+      }
+    }
+    do {
+      try startListeners(request, vm: vm)
+    } catch {
+      teardown()
+      machine = nil
+      booting = false
+      return control.respond(id, error: describe(error))
+    }
+    let finish: @MainActor (Error?) -> Void = { [weak self] error in
+      guard let self else { return }
+      self.booting = false
+      if let error {
+        self.teardown()
+        self.machine = nil
+        self.control.respond(id, error: self.describe(error))
+        return
+      }
+      var result = self.status()
+      result["saveRestore"] = (try? configuration.validateSaveRestoreSupport()) != nil
+      self.control.respond(id, result: result)
+    }
+    if let restoreFrom = request.restoreFrom {
+      // Restored PAUSED: the host destroys the snapshot it came from, then
+      // sends `resume`. Until then the guest cannot write to its disk.
+      vm.restoreMachineStateFrom(url: restoreFrom) { error in
+        Task { @MainActor in finish(error) }
+      }
+    } else {
+      vm.start { result in
+        Task { @MainActor in
+          switch result {
+          case .success: finish(nil)
+          case .failure(let error): finish(error)
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func pause(_ id: String) {
+    guard let vm = machine, vm.canPause else { return control.respond(id, error: notNow("paused")) }
+    vm.pause { [weak self] result in
+      Task { @MainActor in self?.answer(id, result) }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func resume(_ id: String) {
+    guard let vm = machine, vm.canResume else { return control.respond(id, error: notNow("resumed")) }
+    vm.resume { [weak self] result in
+      Task { @MainActor in self?.answer(id, result) }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Pause if running, then write the machine's memory and device state to
+  /// `path`. The VM is left paused; the host stops it next.
+  private func save(_ id: String, _ body: [String: Any]) {
+    let path: String
+    do {
+      path = try body.path("path")
+    } catch {
+      return control.respond(id, error: describe(error))
+    }
+    guard let vm = machine else { return control.respond(id, error: notNow("saved")) }
+    let url = URL(fileURLWithPath: path)
+    let write: @MainActor () -> Void = { [weak self] in
+      vm.saveMachineStateTo(url: url) { error in
+        Task { @MainActor in
+          guard let self else { return }
+          if let error { return self.control.respond(id, error: self.describe(error)) }
+          var result = self.status()
+          result["path"] = path
+          self.control.respond(id, result: result)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    switch vm.state {
+    case .paused:
+      write()
+    case .running:
+      vm.pause { [weak self] result in
+        Task { @MainActor in
+          guard let self else { return }
+          if case .failure(let error) = result { return self.control.respond(id, error: self.describe(error)) }
+          write()
+        }
+      }
+    default:
+      control.respond(id, error: notNow("saved"))
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Hard stop, like pulling the power: the host has synced the guest first.
+  /// The helper exits once the response is written.
+  func stop(_ id: String?) {
+    guard let vm = machine, vm.state != .stopped, vm.state != .error else {
+      if let id { control.respond(id, result: ["state": "stopped"]) }
+      return exit(code: 0)
+    }
+    let done: @MainActor (Error?) -> Void = { [weak self] error in
+      guard let self else { return }
+      if let id {
+        if let error {
+          self.control.respond(id, error: self.describe(error))
+        } else {
+          self.control.respond(id, result: ["state": "stopped"])
+        }
+      }
+      self.exit(code: error == nil ? 0 : 1)
+    }
+    if vm.canStop {
+      vm.stop { error in Task { @MainActor in done(error) } }
+    } else {
+      // Mid-transition (starting, saving, restoring): nothing to stop cleanly.
+      // Exiting the process ends the VM with it.
+      done(nil)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func status() -> [String: Any] {
+    var result: [String: Any] = ["state": machine.map { Self.name($0.state) } ?? "stopped"]
+    if let stack {
+      result["guestAddress"] = stack.configuration.guestAddress.description
+      result["gatewayAddress"] = stack.configuration.gatewayAddress.description
+    }
+    result["guestAddressSeen"] = guestAddress != nil
+    if let machineIdentifier { result["machineIdentifier"] = machineIdentifier.base64EncodedString() }
+    return result
+  }
+
+  private func answer(_ id: String, _ result: Result<Void, Error>) {
+    switch result {
+    case .success: control.respond(id, result: status())
+    case .failure(let error): control.respond(id, error: describe(error))
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func notNow(_ verb: String) -> String {
+    let state = machine.map { Self.name($0.state) } ?? "not booted"
+    return "The machine cannot be \(verb) while it is \(state)."
+  }
+
+  // MARK: Configuration
+
+  private func makeConfiguration(_ request: BootRequest) throws -> VZVirtualMachineConfiguration {
+    let configuration = VZVirtualMachineConfiguration()
+    let loader = VZLinuxBootLoader(kernelURL: request.kernel)
+    loader.initialRamdiskURL = request.initrd
+    loader.commandLine = request.cmdline
+    configuration.bootLoader = loader
+
+    // A restored machine must be the same machine: the identifier is part of
+    // what the saved state is checked against.
+    let platform = VZGenericPlatformConfiguration()
+    if let data = request.machineIdentifier {
+      guard let identifier = VZGenericMachineIdentifier(dataRepresentation: data) else {
+        throw RequestError("machineIdentifier is not a valid machine identifier.")
+      }
+      platform.machineIdentifier = identifier
+    }
+    machineIdentifier = platform.machineIdentifier.dataRepresentation
+    configuration.platform = platform
+
+    let minimumCPUs = VZVirtualMachineConfiguration.minimumAllowedCPUCount
+    let maximumCPUs = VZVirtualMachineConfiguration.maximumAllowedCPUCount
+    guard (minimumCPUs...maximumCPUs).contains(request.vcpus) else {
+      throw RequestError("vcpus must be between \(minimumCPUs) and \(maximumCPUs) on this Mac.")
+    }
+    configuration.cpuCount = request.vcpus
+    let memory = UInt64(request.memoryMb) * 1024 * 1024
+    let minimumMemory = VZVirtualMachineConfiguration.minimumAllowedMemorySize
+    let maximumMemory = VZVirtualMachineConfiguration.maximumAllowedMemorySize
+    guard memory >= minimumMemory, memory <= maximumMemory else {
+      throw RequestError(
+        "memoryMb must be between \(minimumMemory / 1_048_576) and \(maximumMemory / 1_048_576) on this Mac.")
+    }
+    configuration.memorySize = memory
+
+    let disk = try VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment(
+      url: request.disk, readOnly: false, cachingMode: .automatic, synchronizationMode: .full)
+    configuration.storageDevices = [VZVirtioBlockDeviceConfiguration(attachment: disk)]
+
+    let (helperEnd, vmEnd) = try DatagramLink.makePair()
+    let nic = VZVirtioNetworkDeviceConfiguration()
+    nic.attachment = VZFileHandleNetworkDeviceAttachment(
+      fileHandle: FileHandle(fileDescriptor: vmEnd, closeOnDealloc: true))
+    if let mac = request.network.guestMAC {
+      guard let address = VZMACAddress(string: mac.description) else {
+        throw RequestError("network.macAddress is not a valid MAC address.")
+      }
+      nic.macAddress = address
+    }
+    configuration.networkDevices = [nic]
+    var network = request.network
+    network.guestMAC = MAC(nic.macAddress.string) ?? network.guestMAC
+    attachNetwork(network, fd: helperEnd)
+
+    // Built from the request on every boot, so a restore has exactly the
+    // devices the machine was saved with as long as the host asks for the same
+    // shares — which it checks before restoring.
+    configuration.directorySharingDevices = try request.shares.map { share in
+      do {
+        try VZVirtioFileSystemDeviceConfiguration.validateTag(share.tag)
+      } catch {
+        throw RequestError("Share tag \(share.tag) is not a valid virtio-fs tag: \(describe(error))")
+      }
+      let device = VZVirtioFileSystemDeviceConfiguration(tag: share.tag)
+      device.share = VZSingleDirectoryShare(
+        directory: VZSharedDirectory(url: share.directory, readOnly: share.readOnly))
+      return device
+    }
+
+    configuration.entropyDevices = [VZVirtioEntropyDeviceConfiguration()]
+    configuration.memoryBalloonDevices = [VZVirtioTraditionalMemoryBalloonDeviceConfiguration()]
+    configuration.socketDevices = [VZVirtioSocketDeviceConfiguration()]
+
+    // Linux guests commonly use hvc0 as their primary console. Keep the
+    // device present even when its output is discarded.
+    let console = VZVirtioConsoleDeviceSerialPortConfiguration()
+    if let consoleLog = request.consoleLog {
+      console.attachment = try VZFileSerialPortAttachment(url: consoleLog, append: true)
+    } else {
+      console.attachment = VZFileHandleSerialPortAttachment(
+        fileHandleForReading: nil, fileHandleForWriting: try FileHandle(forWritingTo: URL(fileURLWithPath: "/dev/null")))
+    }
+    configuration.serialPorts = [console]
+    return configuration
+  }
+
+  private func attachNetwork(_ configuration: NetworkConfiguration, fd: Int32) {
+    let link = DatagramLink(fd: fd)
+    let stack = NetworkStack(configuration: configuration) { [weak link] frame in link?.send(frame) }
+    link.onFrame = { [weak stack] frame in stack?.receiveFrame(frame) }
+    stack.onGuestAddress = { [weak self] address in
+      guard let self, self.guestAddress == nil else { return }
+      self.guestAddress = address.description
+      self.control.emit("guest-ip", ["address": address.description])
+    }
+    self.link = link
+    self.stack = stack
+  }
+
+  // MARK: Sockets the host reaches the guest through
+
+  private func startListeners(_ request: BootRequest, vm: VZVirtualMachine) throws {
+    vsockListener = try HandshakeListener(path: request.vsockSocket) { [weak self] client, port, early in
+      self?.bridgeVsock(client: client, port: port, early: early)
+    }
+    if let portSocket = request.portSocket {
+      portListener = try HandshakeListener(path: portSocket) { [weak self] client, port, early in
+        guard let self, let stack = self.stack, port >= 1, port <= 65_535 else {
+          Darwin.close(client)
+          return
+        }
+        stack.connectToGuest(port: UInt16(port), clientFD: client, early: early)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Connect to a guest vsock port and join it to the client. A refused port
+  /// closes the client with nothing written, which is how Cloud Hypervisor's
+  /// hybrid vsock presents one; the host retries on that.
+  private func bridgeVsock(client: Int32, port: UInt32, early: [UInt8]) {
+    guard let vm = machine, vm.state == .running,
+      let device = vm.socketDevices.first as? VZVirtioSocketDevice
+    else {
+      Darwin.close(client)
+      return
+    }
+    device.connect(toPort: port) { [weak self] result in
+      Task { @MainActor in
+        guard let self else {
+          Darwin.close(client)
+          return
+        }
+        switch result {
+        case .failure(let error):
+          log("vsock connect to port \(port) failed: \(error.localizedDescription)")
+          Darwin.close(client)
+        case .success(let connection):
+          // Own a duplicate of the connection's descriptor so the relay's
+          // lifetime, not the connection object's, decides when it closes.
+          let guestFD = dup(connection.fileDescriptor)
+          guard guestFD >= 0 else {
+            connection.close()
+            Darwin.close(client)
+            return
+          }
+          let banner = Array("OK \(connection.sourcePort)\n".utf8)
+          let written = banner.withUnsafeBytes { Darwin.write(client, $0.baseAddress, banner.count) }
+          guard written == banner.count else {
+            connection.close()
+            Darwin.close(client)
+            Darwin.close(guestFD)
+            return
+          }
+          var key: ObjectIdentifier?
+          let relay = Relay(left: client, right: guestFD, early: early) { [weak self] in
+            connection.close()
+            if let key { self?.relays.removeValue(forKey: key) }
+          }
+          key = ObjectIdentifier(relay)
+          self.relays[ObjectIdentifier(relay)] = relay
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // MARK: Delegate
+
+  nonisolated func guestDidStop(_ virtualMachine: VZVirtualMachine) {
+    Task { @MainActor in
+      control.emit("state", ["state": "stopped", "reason": "guest"])
+      exit(code: 0)
+    }
+  }
+
+  nonisolated func virtualMachine(_ virtualMachine: VZVirtualMachine, didStopWithError error: Error) {
+    Task { @MainActor in
+      control.emit("state", ["state": "error", "error": describe(error)])
+      exit(code: 1)
+    }
+  }
+
+  nonisolated func virtualMachine(
+    _ virtualMachine: VZVirtualMachine, networkDevice: VZNetworkDevice,
+    attachmentWasDisconnectedWithError error: Error
+  ) {
+    Task { @MainActor in
+      control.emit("network-disconnected", ["error": describe(error)])
+    }
+  }
+
+  // MARK: Exit
+
+  private func teardown() {
+    for relay in Array(relays.values) { relay.close() }
+    relays.removeAll()
+    vsockListener?.close()
+    vsockListener = nil
+    portListener?.close()
+    portListener = nil
+    stack?.shutdown()
+    link?.close()
+    stateObservation?.invalidate()
+    stateObservation = nil
+  }
+
+  func exit(code: Int32) {
+    guard !exiting else { return }
+    exiting = true
+    teardown()
+    Foundation.exit(code)
+  }
+
+  func describe(_ error: Error) -> String {
+    if let error = error as? RequestError { return error.description }
+    if let error = error as? POSIXFailure { return error.description }
+    let ns = error as NSError
+    var text = ns.localizedDescription
+    if let reason = ns.localizedFailureReason, !text.contains(reason) { text += " \(reason)" }
+    if let underlying = ns.userInfo[NSUnderlyingErrorKey] as? NSError {
+      text += " (\(underlying.domain) \(underlying.code): \(underlying.localizedDescription))"
+    }
+    return "\(text) [\(ns.domain) \(ns.code)]"
+  }
+
+  static func name(_ state: VZVirtualMachine.State) -> String {
+    switch state {
+    case .stopped: "stopped"
+    case .running: "running"
+    case .paused: "paused"
+    case .error: "error"
+    case .starting: "starting"
+    case .pausing: "pausing"
+    case .resuming: "resuming"
+    case .stopping: "stopping"
+    case .saving: "saving"
+    case .restoring: "restoring"
+    @unknown default: "unknown"
+    }
+  }
+}