@blockcast/mmt-base 0.1.0 → 0.3.0

package/src/signalling.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,862 @@
+/**
+ * Receiver-side parsers for MMTP signalling message mode.
+ *
+ * - The MMTP payload header for signalling message mode
+ *   (ISO/IEC 23008-1:2023 9.3.4.2, Figure 15).
+ * - The general signalling message format (10.2, Table 20).
+ * - The AL-FEC message (Annex C Table C.3 as replaced by
+ *   ISO/IEC 23008-1:2023/Amd 1:2025; semantics C.6.3).
+ * - The PA message (10.3.2, Table 21) and MPT message (10.3.4, Table 23)
+ *   with the MP table (10.3.9, Table 29), Identifier_mapping (10.6.3,
+ *   Table 98), asset_id (10.6.2, Table 97) and MMT_general_location_info
+ *   (10.6.1, Table 95).
+ *
+ * Every parser here is total: malformed, truncated, ambiguous or unsupported
+ * input yields null, never an exception. Nothing is inferred: a field the
+ * receiver cannot place exactly makes the whole message unparseable, because
+ * every later field of a sequential syntax would be misread after it.
+ *
+ * Reserved bits are ignored on receipt. The senders write them, and a
+ * receiver that refuses a reserved value cannot accept a conformant revision
+ * of the syntax that assigns it.
+ */
+import {
+  ALFEC_MESSAGE_ID,
+  FEC_CODE_RAPTORQ,
+  PACKET_TYPE_SIGNALING,
+  parseMMTPHeader,
+  type MMTPHeader,
+} from './mmtp.js'
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Wire reader
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** Internal: raised by WireReader, caught at every exported parser. */
+class MalformedSignalling extends Error {}
+
+class WireReader {
+  readonly #bytes: Uint8Array
+  readonly #end: number
+  #offset: number
+
+  constructor(bytes: Uint8Array, start = 0, end = bytes.length) {
+    this.#bytes = bytes
+    this.#offset = start
+    this.#end = end
+  }
+
+  get offset(): number {
+    return this.#offset
+  }
+
+  get remaining(): number {
+    return this.#end - this.#offset
+  }
+
+  #take(length: number): number {
+    if (length < 0 || length > this.remaining) throw new MalformedSignalling('truncated')
+    const at = this.#offset
+    this.#offset += length
+    return at
+  }
+
+  u8(): number {
+    return this.#bytes[this.#take(1)]!
+  }
+
+  u16(): number {
+    const at = this.#take(2)
+    return (this.#bytes[at]! << 8) | this.#bytes[at + 1]!
+  }
+
+  u24(): number {
+    const at = this.#take(3)
+    return (this.#bytes[at]! << 16) | (this.#bytes[at + 1]! << 8) | this.#bytes[at + 2]!
+  }
+
+  u32(): number {
+    const at = this.#take(4)
+    return ((this.#bytes[at]! << 24) | (this.#bytes[at + 1]! << 16) |
+      (this.#bytes[at + 2]! << 8) | this.#bytes[at + 3]!) >>> 0
+  }
+
+  /** A copy, so a parsed message never aliases a reused packet buffer. */
+  bytes(length: number): Uint8Array {
+    const at = this.#take(length)
+    return this.#bytes.slice(at, at + length)
+  }
+
+  /** Throw unless every byte up to the end bound was consumed. */
+  expectEnd(): void {
+    if (this.remaining !== 0) throw new MalformedSignalling('trailing bytes')
+  }
+}
+
+function fail(reason: string): never {
+  throw new MalformedSignalling(reason)
+}
+
+/** Run a parser, turning only our own malformed-input signal into null. */
+function total<T>(parse: () => T | null): T | null {
+  try {
+    return parse()
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof MalformedSignalling) return null
+    throw error
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 9.3.4.2 — MMTP payload header for signalling message mode
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * How the signalling payload of an MMTP packet was framed.
+ *
+ * - `iso-9.3.4.2`: the 2-byte `f_i(2) RES(4) H(1) A(1) | frag_counter(8)`
+ *   header of ISO/IEC 23008-1:2023 9.3.4.2 precedes the message(s).
+ * - `legacy-bare-alfec`: the pre-remediation Blockcast form, where the
+ *   AL-FEC message starts directly after the MMTP header. It is recognised
+ *   only by its first two bytes being `0x02 0x03` (message_id 0x0203). That
+ *   pair is never a valid 9.3.4.2 header for a complete message: f_i=00 with
+ *   frag_counter=3 claims three further fragments of a message the same
+ *   header declares complete. The peek is therefore exact, not a heuristic.
+ *   The legacy branch is deleted once no legacy sender remains (BLO-35597
+ *   plan, Phase L).
+ */
+export type SignallingPayloadForm = 'iso-9.3.4.2' | 'legacy-bare-alfec'
+
+export interface SignallingPayload {
+  form: SignallingPayloadForm
+  /** Each complete signalling message, starting at its message_id. */
+  messages: Uint8Array[]
+}
+
+/** f_i (Table 19): payload contains one or more complete signalling messages. */
+export const SIGNALLING_FRAGMENTATION_COMPLETE = 0b00
+
+/**
+ * Split the payload of an MMTP signalling packet into its complete
+ * signalling messages.
+ *
+ * Returns null when the packet is not a well-formed, unprotected (FEC_type 0)
+ * signalling packet, or when it carries a fragment (f_i != 00): reassembly
+ * across packets is not implemented, and a fragment is not a message.
+ */
+export function parseSignallingPayload(mmtpPacket: Uint8Array): SignallingPayload | null {
+  let header: MMTPHeader
+  try {
+    header = parseMMTPHeader(mmtpPacket)
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  }
+  if (header.packetType !== PACKET_TYPE_SIGNALING || header.fecType !== 0) return null
+  const payload = mmtpPacket.subarray(header.headerLength)
+  return total(() => splitSignallingPayload(payload))
+}
+
+function splitSignallingPayload(payload: Uint8Array): SignallingPayload {
+  if (payload.length < 2) fail('short signalling payload')
+  if (payload[0] === (ALFEC_MESSAGE_ID >> 8) && payload[1] === (ALFEC_MESSAGE_ID & 0xff)) {
+    return { form: 'legacy-bare-alfec', messages: [payload] }
+  }
+
+  const reader = new WireReader(payload)
+  const flags = reader.u8()
+  const fragmentation = flags >> 6
+  const lengthIs32Bits = ((flags >> 1) & 1) === 1 // H
+  const aggregated = (flags & 1) === 1 // A
+  const fragmentCounter = reader.u8()
+  if (fragmentation !== SIGNALLING_FRAGMENTATION_COMPLETE) fail('fragmented signalling message')
+  // frag_counter counts the fragments that follow this one; a complete
+  // message has none, and an aggregated payload "shall" carry 0.
+  if (fragmentCounter !== 0) fail('frag_counter on a complete message')
+
+  if (!aggregated) {
+    // A=0: exactly one message and no MSG_length field (H is meaningless).
+    if (reader.remaining === 0) fail('empty signalling payload')
+    return { form: 'iso-9.3.4.2', messages: [payload.subarray(reader.offset)] }
+  }
+
+  const messages: Uint8Array[] = []
+  while (reader.remaining > 0) {
+    const length = lengthIs32Bits ? reader.u32() : reader.u16()
+    if (length === 0) fail('zero MSG_length')
+    const start = reader.offset
+    reader.bytes(length) // bounds check
+    messages.push(payload.subarray(start, start + length))
+  }
+  if (messages.length === 0) fail('aggregated payload with no message')
+  return { form: 'iso-9.3.4.2', messages }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 10.2 — general signalling message format
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export const PA_MESSAGE_ID = 0x0000
+export const MPI_MESSAGE_ID_FIRST = 0x0001
+export const MPI_MESSAGE_ID_LAST = 0x0010
+export const MPT_MESSAGE_ID_FIRST = 0x0011
+/** MPT message carrying the complete MP table (Table 101). */
+export const MPT_MESSAGE_ID_COMPLETE = 0x0020
+
+/**
+ * Whether a message's `length` field is 32 bits (Table 20: PA and MPI
+ * messages; Table 101: the 0x7000-0x7FFF range "32-bit length message").
+ */
+export function signallingMessageHas32BitLength(messageId: number): boolean {
+  return messageId === PA_MESSAGE_ID ||
+    (messageId >= MPI_MESSAGE_ID_FIRST && messageId <= MPI_MESSAGE_ID_LAST) ||
+    (messageId >= 0x7000 && messageId <= 0x7fff)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read the general header (Table 20) of a complete message and check that
+ * `length` covers exactly the rest of the message.
+ */
+function readMessageHeader(message: Uint8Array): { reader: WireReader; messageId: number; version: number } {
+  const reader = new WireReader(message)
+  const messageId = reader.u16()
+  const version = reader.u8()
+  const length = signallingMessageHas32BitLength(messageId) ? reader.u32() : reader.u16()
+  // "The value 0 is not valid for this field" (C.6.3, 10.3.2.3, 10.3.4.3).
+  if (length === 0 || length !== reader.remaining) fail('message length mismatch')
+  return { reader, messageId, version }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Annex C Table C.3 (Amd 1:2025) — AL-FEC message
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** fec_coding_structure values (Table C.8 as replaced by Amd 1:2025). */
+export const FEC_CODING_STRUCTURE_NONE = 0b0000
+export const FEC_CODING_STRUCTURE_ONE_STAGE = 0b0001
+export const FEC_CODING_STRUCTURE_TWO_STAGE = 0b0010
+export const FEC_CODING_STRUCTURE_LAYER_AWARE = 0b0011
+export const FEC_CODING_STRUCTURE_ADAPTIVE = 0b0100
+
+/** ssbg_mode values (Table C.5). b11 is reserved. */
+export const SSBG_MODE_0 = 0b00
+export const SSBG_MODE_1 = 0b01
+export const SSBG_MODE_2 = 0b10
+
+export interface AlFecPrivateField {
+  privateFlag: 0 | 1
+  data: Uint8Array
+}
+
+export interface AlFecRepairFlow {
+  /**
+   * repair_flow_id (16 bits under Amd 1:2025 for one-stage, two-stage and
+   * LA-FEC). Blockcast senders set it to the repair flow's MMTP packet_id.
+   */
+  repairFlowId: number
+  /**
+   * fec_code_id_for_repair_flow. Under LA-FEC (0011) one value is signalled
+   * per FEC flow and is repeated here on every layer.
+   */
+  fecCodeId: number
+  /**
+   * The private_flag/private_field_length/private_field triple, present
+   * exactly when the message's private_fec_flag is 1. Shared by every layer
+   * under LA-FEC, like fecCodeId.
+   */
+  privateField?: AlFecPrivateField
+  maximumK: number
+  maximumP: number
+  protectionWindowTime: number
+  protectionWindowSize: number
+}
+
+export interface AlFecFlow {
+  fecFlowId: number
+  sourceFlowId: number
+  /** Every asset packet_id of the FEC source flow, in signalled order. */
+  packetIds: number[]
+  fecCodingStructure: number
+  ssbgMode: number
+  ffsrptsFlag: 0 | 1
+  /**
+   * The low bit of the coding byte. Amd 1:2025 Table C.3 names it
+   * fec_payload_id_mode (Table C.7: 0 = mode 0, Source FEC Payload ID added
+   * to each packet; 1 = mode 1, C.7, packets unmodified). The unamended 2023
+   * Table C.3 lists the same bit as reserved "1". The parse never depends on
+   * it — no later field is conditional on it — so both readings are
+   * accepted and the value is reported, not interpreted (BLO-35597 N1).
+   */
+  fecPayloadIdMode: 0 | 1
+  /** length_of_repair_symbol, in bytes. */
+  repairSymbolSize: number
+  /** Present exactly when ssbg_mode is b10. */
+  ssbgMode2?: {
+    numRepairSymbolPerPacket: number
+    numSymbolElementPerSourceSymbol: number
+  }
+  /** num_of_sub_block_per_source_block, two-stage (0010) only. */
+  numSubBlockPerSourceBlock?: number
+  /** One entry for one-stage; N3 parity flows; N4 LA-FEC layers; none for 0000. */
+  repairFlows: AlFecRepairFlow[]
+}
+
+export interface AlFecMessageBody {
+  /** The message's version counter (C.6.3). Any value is accepted. */
+  version: number
+  fecFlag: 0 | 1
+  privateFecFlag: 0 | 1
+  /** Empty exactly when fec_flag is 0 (no FEC source flow). */
+  flows: AlFecFlow[]
+}
+
+export interface AlFecMessage extends AlFecMessageBody {
+  payloadForm: SignallingPayloadForm
+}
+
+function readPrivateField(reader: WireReader): AlFecPrivateField {
+  const head = reader.u8()
+  return { privateFlag: (head >> 7) as 0 | 1, data: reader.bytes(head & 0x7f) }
+}
+
+function readRepairFlowTail(
+  reader: WireReader,
+  repairFlowId: number,
+  fecCodeId: number,
+  privateField: AlFecPrivateField | undefined,
+): AlFecRepairFlow {
+  const maximumK = reader.u24()
+  const maximumP = reader.u24()
+  const protectionWindowTime = reader.u32()
+  const protectionWindowSize = reader.u32()
+  return {
+    repairFlowId,
+    fecCodeId,
+    ...(privateField ? { privateField } : {}),
+    maximumK,
+    maximumP,
+    protectionWindowTime,
+    protectionWindowSize,
+  }
+}
+
+function readRepairFlow(reader: WireReader, privateFecFlag: boolean): AlFecRepairFlow {
+  const repairFlowId = reader.u16()
+  const fecCodeId = reader.u8()
+  const privateField = privateFecFlag ? readPrivateField(reader) : undefined
+  return readRepairFlowTail(reader, repairFlowId, fecCodeId, privateField)
+}
+
+function readFecFlow(reader: WireReader, privateFecFlag: boolean): AlFecFlow {
+  const fecFlowId = reader.u8()
+  const sourceFlowId = reader.u8()
+  const numberOfAssets = reader.u8()
+  if (numberOfAssets === 0) fail('FEC flow with no asset')
+  const packetIds: number[] = []
+  for (let i = 0; i < numberOfAssets; i++) packetIds.push(reader.u16())
+
+  const coding = reader.u8()
+  const fecCodingStructure = coding >> 4
+  const ssbgMode = (coding >> 2) & 0b11
+  const ffsrptsFlag = ((coding >> 1) & 1) as 0 | 1
+  const fecPayloadIdMode = (coding & 1) as 0 | 1
+  if (ssbgMode === 0b11) fail('reserved ssbg_mode')
+  const repairSymbolSize = reader.u16()
+
+  const flow: AlFecFlow = {
+    fecFlowId,
+    sourceFlowId,
+    packetIds,
+    fecCodingStructure,
+    ssbgMode,
+    ffsrptsFlag,
+    fecPayloadIdMode,
+    repairSymbolSize,
+    repairFlows: [],
+  }
+  if (ssbgMode === SSBG_MODE_2) {
+    flow.ssbgMode2 = {
+      numRepairSymbolPerPacket: reader.u16(),
+      numSymbolElementPerSourceSymbol: reader.u16(),
+    }
+  }
+
+  switch (fecCodingStructure) {
+    case FEC_CODING_STRUCTURE_NONE:
+      break
+    case FEC_CODING_STRUCTURE_ONE_STAGE:
+      flow.repairFlows.push(readRepairFlow(reader, privateFecFlag))
+      break
+    case FEC_CODING_STRUCTURE_TWO_STAGE: {
+      flow.numSubBlockPerSourceBlock = reader.u8()
+      const numberOfParityFlows = reader.u8()
+      for (let k = 0; k < numberOfParityFlows; k++) {
+        flow.repairFlows.push(readRepairFlow(reader, privateFecFlag))
+      }
+      break
+    }
+    case FEC_CODING_STRUCTURE_LAYER_AWARE: {
+      const numberOfLayers = reader.u8()
+      const fecCodeId = reader.u8()
+      const privateField = privateFecFlag ? readPrivateField(reader) : undefined
+      for (let l = 0; l < numberOfLayers; l++) {
+        flow.repairFlows.push(readRepairFlowTail(reader, reader.u16(), fecCodeId, privateField))
+      }
+      break
+    }
+    default:
+      // 0100 (adaptive FEC, Amd 1:2025): the published table leaves the
+      // width of number_of__class unstated, so its flows cannot be placed
+      // exactly. 0101-1111 are reserved. Either way every later flow would
+      // be misread, so the whole message is refused.
+      fail(`unsupported fec_coding_structure ${fecCodingStructure}`)
+  }
+  return flow
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a complete AL-FEC message (Table C.3, Amd 1:2025), starting at its
+ * message_id. Every FEC flow, every asset packet_id and every
+ * coding-structure-conditional field is returned.
+ */
+export function parseAlFecMessageBody(message: Uint8Array): AlFecMessageBody | null {
+  return total(() => {
+    const { reader, messageId, version } = readMessageHeader(message)
+    if (messageId !== ALFEC_MESSAGE_ID) return null
+    const flags = reader.u8()
+    const fecFlag = (flags >> 7) as 0 | 1
+    const privateFecFlag = ((flags >> 6) & 1) as 0 | 1
+    if (fecFlag === 0) {
+      // "If every source flows are delivered without AL-FEC protection, all
+      // the remaining message is not to be delivered" (C.6.3).
+      reader.expectEnd()
+      return { version, fecFlag, privateFecFlag, flows: [] }
+    }
+    const descriptorLength = reader.u16()
+    if (descriptorLength === 0 || descriptorLength !== reader.remaining) {
+      fail('length_of_fec_flow_descriptor mismatch')
+    }
+    const numberOfFecFlows = reader.u8()
+    if (numberOfFecFlows === 0) fail('fec_flag=1 with no FEC flow')
+    const flows: AlFecFlow[] = []
+    for (let i = 0; i < numberOfFecFlows; i++) flows.push(readFecFlow(reader, privateFecFlag === 1))
+    reader.expectEnd()
+    return { version, fecFlag, privateFecFlag, flows }
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse the AL-FEC message carried by a full MMTP signalling packet, in
+ * either payload form (see SignallingPayloadForm). Returns null when the
+ * packet carries no AL-FEC message, more than one, or a malformed one.
+ */
+export function parseAlFecMessage(mmtpPacket: Uint8Array): AlFecMessage | null {
+  const packet = parseSignallingPacket(mmtpPacket)
+  if (!packet) return null
+  const alFec = packet.messages.filter(
+    (message): message is Extract<MmtSignallingMessage, { kind: 'al-fec' }> => message.kind === 'al-fec',
+  )
+  if (alFec.length !== 1) return null
+  return { ...alFec[0]!.message, payloadForm: packet.payloadForm }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decoder geometry of one FEC flow under the Blockcast one-stage RaptorQ
+ * profile: private_field = RaptorQ FEC OTI (RFC 6330 3.3.2-3.3.3, 12 bytes)
+ * followed by the interleave depth (1 byte).
+ */
+export interface AlFecRaptorQFlowConfig {
+  sourcePacketIds: number[]
+  repairFlowId: number
+  ssbgMode: number
+  fecPayloadIdMode: 0 | 1
+  repairSymbolSize: number
+  maximumK: number
+  maximumP: number
+  interleaveDepth: number
+  oti: Uint8Array
+  protectionWindowTime: number
+  protectionWindowSize: number
+}
+
+const RAPTORQ_PRIVATE_FIELD_LENGTH = 13
+const RAPTORQ_MAX_SOURCE_SYMBOLS = 56_403
+const REPAIR_SYMBOL_ID_MAX = 0x00ff_ffff
+
+function canonicalRaptorQOtiK(oti: Uint8Array, repairSymbolSize: number): number | null {
+  if (oti.length !== 12 || oti[5] !== 0) return null
+  const transferLength = (oti[0]! * 0x1_0000_0000) +
+    (((oti[1]! << 24) | (oti[2]! << 16) | (oti[3]! << 8) | oti[4]!) >>> 0)
+  const symbolSize = (oti[6]! << 8) | oti[7]!
+  const sourceBlocks = oti[8]!
+  const subBlocks = (oti[9]! << 8) | oti[10]!
+  const alignment = oti[11]!
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(transferLength) || transferLength <= 0 ||
+      symbolSize !== repairSymbolSize || symbolSize === 0 || symbolSize % 8 !== 0 ||
+      sourceBlocks !== 1 || subBlocks !== 1 || alignment !== 8 ||
+      transferLength % symbolSize !== 0) {
+    return null
+  }
+  const k = transferLength / symbolSize
+  return Number.isInteger(k) && k >= 1 && k <= RAPTORQ_MAX_SOURCE_SYMBOLS ? k : null
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate one parsed FEC flow against the Blockcast one-stage RaptorQ
+ * profile and return its decoder geometry, or null when the flow is outside
+ * the profile. Nothing is inferred: K comes from the OTI and must equal
+ * maximum_k_for_repair_flow.
+ *
+ * ssbg_mode 0 and 1 are both returned as signalled: which source-symbol
+ * construction a decoder applies is the stream's FEC block profile, decided
+ * by its consumer, not here. ffsrpts_flag=1 is refused because the FFSRP_TS
+ * word changes the source/repair packet trailer layout that every Blockcast
+ * receiver assumes.
+ */
+export function alFecRaptorQFlowConfig(flow: AlFecFlow): AlFecRaptorQFlowConfig | null {
+  if (flow.fecCodingStructure !== FEC_CODING_STRUCTURE_ONE_STAGE || flow.repairFlows.length !== 1) return null
+  if (flow.ssbgMode !== SSBG_MODE_0 && flow.ssbgMode !== SSBG_MODE_1) return null
+  if (flow.ffsrptsFlag !== 0) return null
+  const repair = flow.repairFlows[0]!
+  if (repair.fecCodeId !== FEC_CODE_RAPTORQ) return null
+  const privateField = repair.privateField
+  if (!privateField || privateField.privateFlag !== 1 ||
+      privateField.data.length !== RAPTORQ_PRIVATE_FIELD_LENGTH) {
+    return null
+  }
+  const oti = privateField.data.slice(0, 12)
+  const interleaveDepth = privateField.data[12]!
+  const otiK = canonicalRaptorQOtiK(oti, flow.repairSymbolSize)
+  if (otiK === null || interleaveDepth === 0) return null
+  if (repair.maximumK !== otiK || repair.maximumP === 0 ||
+      repair.maximumK + repair.maximumP - 1 > REPAIR_SYMBOL_ID_MAX) {
+    return null
+  }
+  return {
+    sourcePacketIds: [...flow.packetIds],
+    repairFlowId: repair.repairFlowId,
+    ssbgMode: flow.ssbgMode,
+    fecPayloadIdMode: flow.fecPayloadIdMode,
+    repairSymbolSize: flow.repairSymbolSize,
+    maximumK: repair.maximumK,
+    maximumP: repair.maximumP,
+    interleaveDepth,
+    oti,
+    protectionWindowTime: repair.protectionWindowTime,
+    protectionWindowSize: repair.protectionWindowSize,
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 10.6 — location, asset_id and identifier mapping
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** location_type values (Table 96) a receiver may meet in an asset location. */
+export type MmtGeneralLocation =
+  | { locationType: 0x00; packetId: number }
+  | { locationType: 0x01; srcAddress: Uint8Array; dstAddress: Uint8Array; dstPort: number; packetId: number }
+  | { locationType: 0x02; srcAddress: Uint8Array; dstAddress: Uint8Array; dstPort: number; packetId: number }
+  | { locationType: 0x03; networkId: number; transportStreamId: number; mpeg2Pid: number }
+  | { locationType: 0x04; srcAddress: Uint8Array; dstAddress: Uint8Array; dstPort: number; mpeg2Pid: number }
+  | { locationType: 0x05; url: Uint8Array }
+  | { locationType: 0x06; data: Uint8Array }
+
+/**
+ * MMT_general_location_info() for an Asset location. "Only the value of
+ * location_type between 0x00 and 0x06 shall be used for an Asset location"
+ * (10.3.9.3), so any other value is refused rather than skipped: the
+ * remaining types have their own lengths, and a reserved one has none.
+ */
+function readAssetLocation(reader: WireReader): MmtGeneralLocation {
+  const locationType = reader.u8()
+  switch (locationType) {
+    case 0x00:
+      return { locationType, packetId: reader.u16() }
+    case 0x01:
+    case 0x02: {
+      const addressLength = locationType === 0x01 ? 4 : 16
+      const srcAddress = reader.bytes(addressLength)
+      const dstAddress = reader.bytes(addressLength)
+      const dstPort = reader.u16()
+      return { locationType, srcAddress, dstAddress, dstPort, packetId: reader.u16() }
+    }
+    case 0x03: {
+      const networkId = reader.u16()
+      const transportStreamId = reader.u16()
+      return { locationType, networkId, transportStreamId, mpeg2Pid: reader.u16() & 0x1fff }
+    }
+    case 0x04: {
+      const srcAddress = reader.bytes(16)
+      const dstAddress = reader.bytes(16)
+      const dstPort = reader.u16()
+      return { locationType, srcAddress, dstAddress, dstPort, mpeg2Pid: reader.u16() & 0x1fff }
+    }
+    case 0x05:
+      return { locationType, url: reader.bytes(reader.u8()) }
+    case 0x06:
+      return { locationType, data: reader.bytes(reader.u16()) }
+    default:
+      fail(`location_type ${locationType} is not an Asset location`)
+  }
+}
+
+/** Identifier_mapping() (Table 98). */
+export type MmtIdentifierMapping =
+  | { identifierType: 0x00; assetIdScheme: number; assetId: Uint8Array }
+  | { identifierType: 0x01; urls: Uint8Array[] }
+  | { identifierType: 0x02; regex: Uint8Array }
+  | { identifierType: 0x03; representationId: Uint8Array }
+  | { identifierType: number; privateIdentifier: Uint8Array }
+
+function readIdentifierMapping(reader: WireReader): MmtIdentifierMapping {
+  const identifierType = reader.u8()
+  switch (identifierType) {
+    case 0x00: {
+      const assetIdScheme = reader.u32()
+      return { identifierType, assetIdScheme, assetId: reader.bytes(reader.u32()) }
+    }
+    case 0x01: {
+      const urls: Uint8Array[] = []
+      const urlCount = reader.u16()
+      for (let i = 0; i < urlCount; i++) urls.push(reader.bytes(reader.u16()))
+      return { identifierType, urls }
+    }
+    case 0x02:
+      return { identifierType, regex: reader.bytes(reader.u16()) }
+    case 0x03:
+      return { identifierType, representationId: reader.bytes(reader.u16()) }
+    default:
+      return { identifierType, privateIdentifier: reader.bytes(reader.u16()) }
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 10.3.9 — MP table; 10.3.2 PA message; 10.3.4 MPT message
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** table_id range of the MP table (Table 102): subset 0..14, then complete. */
+export const MP_TABLE_ID_SUBSET_0 = 0x11
+export const MP_TABLE_ID_COMPLETE = 0x20
+export const MPI_TABLE_ID_FIRST = 0x01
+export const MPI_TABLE_ID_LAST = 0x10
+
+export interface MpAsset {
+  identifier: MmtIdentifierMapping
+  /** asset_type, a 4CC (for example 'hvc1', 'mp4a'). */
+  assetType: string
+  assetModificationFlag: boolean
+  defaultAssetFlag: boolean
+  /** Present exactly when asset_clock_relation_flag is 1. */
+  assetClockRelationId?: number
+  /** Present exactly when asset_timescale_flag is 1. */
+  assetTimescale?: number
+  locations: MmtGeneralLocation[]
+  descriptors: Uint8Array
+}
+
+export interface MpTable {
+  tableId: number
+  version: number
+  /** MP_table_mode (Table 30); b11 is reserved and reported as read. */
+  mpTableMode: number
+  /** Present exactly for the complete table (0x20) and subset 0 (0x11). */
+  packageId?: Uint8Array
+  /** Present exactly for the complete table (0x20) and subset 0 (0x11). */
+  descriptors?: Uint8Array
+  assets: MpAsset[]
+}
+
+function readMpTable(reader: WireReader): MpTable {
+  const tableId = reader.u8()
+  if (tableId < MP_TABLE_ID_SUBSET_0 || tableId > MP_TABLE_ID_COMPLETE) fail('not an MP table')
+  const version = reader.u8()
+  const length = reader.u16()
+  if (length === 0) fail('zero MP table length')
+  const table = new WireReader(reader.bytes(length))
+
+  const mpTableMode = table.u8() & 0b11
+  const result: MpTable = { tableId, version, mpTableMode, assets: [] }
+  if (tableId === MP_TABLE_ID_COMPLETE || tableId === MP_TABLE_ID_SUBSET_0) {
+    result.packageId = table.bytes(table.u8())
+    result.descriptors = table.bytes(table.u16())
+  }
+  const numberOfAssets = table.u8()
+  for (let i = 0; i < numberOfAssets; i++) {
+    const identifier = readIdentifierMapping(table)
+    const assetType = String.fromCharCode(...table.bytes(4))
+    const flags = table.u8()
+    const asset: MpAsset = {
+      identifier,
+      assetType,
+      assetModificationFlag: ((flags >> 2) & 1) === 1,
+      defaultAssetFlag: ((flags >> 1) & 1) === 1,
+      locations: [],
+      descriptors: new Uint8Array(0),
+    }
+    if ((flags & 1) === 1) { // asset_clock_relation_flag
+      asset.assetClockRelationId = table.u8()
+      if ((table.u8() & 1) === 1) asset.assetTimescale = table.u32() // asset_timescale_flag
+    }
+    const locationCount = table.u8()
+    for (let j = 0; j < locationCount; j++) asset.locations.push(readAssetLocation(table))
+    asset.descriptors = table.bytes(table.u16())
+    result.assets.push(asset)
+  }
+  table.expectEnd()
+  return result
+}
+
+/** Parse a complete MP table (Table 29), starting at its table_id. */
+export function parseMpTable(bytes: Uint8Array): MpTable | null {
+  return total(() => {
+    const reader = new WireReader(bytes)
+    const table = readMpTable(reader)
+    reader.expectEnd()
+    return table
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * The packet_ids an Asset is delivered on: every location of type 0x00
+ * (same MMTP packet flow), 0x01 (UDP/IPv4) or 0x02 (UDP/IPv6), in
+ * signalled order.
+ */
+export function mpAssetPacketIds(asset: MpAsset): number[] {
+  const packetIds: number[] = []
+  for (const location of asset.locations) {
+    if (location.locationType === 0x00 || location.locationType === 0x01 || location.locationType === 0x02) {
+      packetIds.push(location.packetId)
+    }
+  }
+  return packetIds
+}
+
+export interface MmtSignallingTable {
+  tableId: number
+  version: number
+  /** The complete table, starting at its table_id. */
+  bytes: Uint8Array
+}
+
+export interface PaMessage {
+  version: number
+  /** Every table of the message payload, in order. */
+  tables: MmtSignallingTable[]
+  /** The MP tables among `tables`, decoded. */
+  mpTables: MpTable[]
+}
+
+export interface MptMessage {
+  /** 0x0011-0x001F carry subset 0-14, 0x0020 the complete MP table. */
+  messageId: number
+  version: number
+  table: MpTable
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a complete PA message (Table 21), starting at its message_id.
+ *
+ * Every table in the payload is delimited by its own 16-bit `length` and
+ * must match the extension's table_id and table_version. For non-MPI tables
+ * table_length is "a copy of the length field" (10.3.2.3) and must match it
+ * too; for an MPI table it is derived differently, so it is not compared.
+ */
+export function parsePaMessageBody(message: Uint8Array): PaMessage | null {
+  return total(() => {
+    const { reader, messageId, version } = readMessageHeader(message)
+    if (messageId !== PA_MESSAGE_ID) return null
+    const numberOfTables = reader.u8()
+    const entries: { tableId: number; tableVersion: number; tableLength: number }[] = []
+    for (let i = 0; i < numberOfTables; i++) {
+      entries.push({ tableId: reader.u8(), tableVersion: reader.u8(), tableLength: reader.u16() })
+    }
+    const tables: MmtSignallingTable[] = []
+    const mpTables: MpTable[] = []
+    for (const entry of entries) {
+      const start = reader.offset
+      const tableId = reader.u8()
+      const tableVersion = reader.u8()
+      const length = reader.u16()
+      if (length === 0) fail('zero table length')
+      reader.bytes(length) // bounds check
+      const isMpi = tableId >= MPI_TABLE_ID_FIRST && tableId <= MPI_TABLE_ID_LAST
+      if (tableId !== entry.tableId || tableVersion !== entry.tableVersion ||
+          (!isMpi && length !== entry.tableLength)) {
+        fail('PA extension does not describe its table')
+      }
+      const bytes = message.subarray(start, reader.offset)
+      tables.push({ tableId, version: tableVersion, bytes })
+      if (tableId >= MP_TABLE_ID_SUBSET_0 && tableId <= MP_TABLE_ID_COMPLETE) {
+        const table = parseMpTable(bytes)
+        if (!table) fail('malformed MP table in PA message')
+        mpTables.push(table)
+      }
+    }
+    reader.expectEnd()
+    return { version, tables, mpTables }
+  })
+}
+
+/** Parse a complete MPT message (Table 23), starting at its message_id. */
+export function parseMptMessageBody(message: Uint8Array): MptMessage | null {
+  return total(() => {
+    const { reader, messageId, version } = readMessageHeader(message)
+    if (messageId < MPT_MESSAGE_ID_FIRST || messageId > MPT_MESSAGE_ID_COMPLETE) return null
+    const table = readMpTable(reader)
+    reader.expectEnd()
+    return { messageId, version, table }
+  })
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Packet-level dispatch (the packet_id 0 signalling handler)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export type MmtSignallingMessage =
+  | { kind: 'al-fec'; message: AlFecMessageBody }
+  | { kind: 'pa'; message: PaMessage }
+  | { kind: 'mpt'; message: MptMessage }
+  /** A message this module does not decode, delimited and length-checked. */
+  | { kind: 'other'; messageId: number; version: number; bytes: Uint8Array }
+
+export interface MmtSignallingPacket {
+  payloadForm: SignallingPayloadForm
+  messages: MmtSignallingMessage[]
+}
+
+function decodeSignallingMessage(bytes: Uint8Array): MmtSignallingMessage {
+  const { messageId, version } = readMessageHeader(bytes)
+  if (messageId === ALFEC_MESSAGE_ID) {
+    const message = parseAlFecMessageBody(bytes)
+    if (!message) fail('malformed AL-FEC message')
+    return { kind: 'al-fec', message }
+  }
+  if (messageId === PA_MESSAGE_ID) {
+    const message = parsePaMessageBody(bytes)
+    if (!message) fail('malformed PA message')
+    return { kind: 'pa', message }
+  }
+  if (messageId >= MPT_MESSAGE_ID_FIRST && messageId <= MPT_MESSAGE_ID_COMPLETE) {
+    const message = parseMptMessageBody(bytes)
+    if (!message) fail('malformed MPT message')
+    return { kind: 'mpt', message }
+  }
+  return { kind: 'other', messageId, version, bytes }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse every signalling message of a full MMTP signalling packet (the
+ * packet_id 0 flow). Returns null when the packet or any message in it is
+ * malformed: one unparseable message leaves the receiver unable to say what
+ * the packet signalled.
+ *
+ * The legacy bare form carries exactly one AL-FEC message; any other message
+ * is only accepted inside a 9.3.4.2 payload.
+ */
+export function parseSignallingPacket(mmtpPacket: Uint8Array): MmtSignallingPacket | null {
+  const payload = parseSignallingPayload(mmtpPacket)
+  if (!payload) return null
+  return total(() => ({
+    payloadForm: payload.form,
+    messages: payload.messages.map(decodeSignallingMessage),
+  }))
+}