@bleedingdev/modern-js-plugin-i18n 3.5.0-ultramodern.97 → 3.5.0-ultramodern.99

package/dist/cjs/runtime/context.js

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ const useModernI18n = ()=>{
         language: currentLanguage,
         changeLanguage,
         t,
-        i18nInstance,
+        i18nInstance: i18nInstance,
         supportedLanguages: languages || [],
         localisedUrls,
         isLanguageSupported,

package/dist/cjs/runtime/contextHelpers.js

@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ async function changeModernI18nLanguage(newLang, options) {
 }
 function translateI18n(i18nInstance, key, ...args) {
     if ('function' != typeof i18nInstance.t) throw new Error('i18nInstance.t required');
-    return i18nInstance.t(key, ...args);
+    const translate = i18nInstance.t;
+    return translate.call(i18nInstance, key, ...args);
 }
 function isI18nLanguageSupported(languages, lang) {
     return languages?.includes(lang) || false;

package/dist/cjs/runtime/hooks.js

@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ function createMinimalI18nInstance(language) {
         language,
         isInitialized: false,
         init: ()=>Promise.resolve(void 0),
+        t: ()=>{
+            throw new Error('i18nInstance.t required');
+        },
         use: ()=>{},
         createInstance: ()=>minimalInstance,
         services: {}

package/dist/esm/runtime/context.mjs

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ const useModernI18n = ()=>{
         language: currentLanguage,
         changeLanguage,
         t,
-        i18nInstance,
+        i18nInstance: i18nInstance,
         supportedLanguages: languages || [],
         localisedUrls,
         isLanguageSupported,

package/dist/esm/runtime/contextHelpers.mjs

@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ async function changeModernI18nLanguage(newLang, options) {
 }
 function translateI18n(i18nInstance, key, ...args) {
     if ('function' != typeof i18nInstance.t) throw new Error('i18nInstance.t required');
-    return i18nInstance.t(key, ...args);
+    const translate = i18nInstance.t;
+    return translate.call(i18nInstance, key, ...args);
 }
 function isI18nLanguageSupported(languages, lang) {
     return languages?.includes(lang) || false;

package/dist/esm/runtime/hooks.mjs

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ function createMinimalI18nInstance(language) {
         language,
         isInitialized: false,
         init: ()=>Promise.resolve(void 0),
+        t: ()=>{
+            throw new Error('i18nInstance.t required');
+        },
         use: ()=>{},
         createInstance: ()=>minimalInstance,
         services: {}

package/dist/esm-node/runtime/context.mjs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ const useModernI18n = ()=>{
         language: currentLanguage,
         changeLanguage,
         t,
-        i18nInstance,
+        i18nInstance: i18nInstance,
         supportedLanguages: languages || [],
         localisedUrls,
         isLanguageSupported,

package/dist/esm-node/runtime/contextHelpers.mjs

@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ async function changeModernI18nLanguage(newLang, options) {
 }
 function translateI18n(i18nInstance, key, ...args) {
     if ('function' != typeof i18nInstance.t) throw new Error('i18nInstance.t required');
-    return i18nInstance.t(key, ...args);
+    const translate = i18nInstance.t;
+    return translate.call(i18nInstance, key, ...args);
 }
 function isI18nLanguageSupported(languages, lang) {
     return languages?.includes(lang) || false;

package/dist/esm-node/runtime/hooks.mjs

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ function createMinimalI18nInstance(language) {
         language,
         isInitialized: false,
         init: ()=>Promise.resolve(void 0),
+        t: ()=>{
+            throw new Error('i18nInstance.t required');
+        },
         use: ()=>{},
         createInstance: ()=>minimalInstance,
         services: {}

package/dist/types/runtime/context.d.ts

@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ export interface FederatedI18nBoundaryProps {
  * resources used below this boundary.
  */
 export declare const FederatedI18nBoundary: FC<FederatedI18nBoundaryProps>;
-interface UseModernI18nReturn {
+export interface UseModernI18nReturn<TInstance extends I18nInstance = I18nInstance> {
     language: string;
     changeLanguage: (newLang: string) => Promise<void>;
     t: (key: string | string[], ...args: any[]) => string;
-    i18nInstance: I18nInstance;
+    i18nInstance: TInstance;
     supportedLanguages: string[];
     localisedUrls?: LocalisedUrlsOption;
     isLanguageSupported: (lang: string) => boolean;
@@ -51,8 +51,14 @@ interface UseModernI18nReturn {
  * - List of supported languages
  * - Helper function to check if language is supported
  *
+ * @typeParam TInstance - The concrete shape of the i18n instance held by the
+ * provider (e.g. i18next's `i18n`, or a wrapper type). Constrained to
+ * `I18nInstance`, so a nonsense argument is rejected; within that constraint it
+ * is still a caller assertion — the provider stores the base type and the
+ * narrowing is not verified at runtime. Pass it only when you know which
+ * instance the provider was given.
  * @param options - Optional configuration to override context settings
  * @returns Object containing i18n functionality and utilities
  */
-export declare const useModernI18n: () => UseModernI18nReturn;
+export declare const useModernI18n: <TInstance extends I18nInstance = I18nInstance>() => UseModernI18nReturn<TInstance>;
 export {};

package/dist/types/runtime/core.d.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import type { I18nInitOptions, I18nInstance } from './i18n';
 import { type LoadReactI18nextIntegration } from './reactI18next';
 import './types';
 export type { I18nSdkLoader, I18nSdkLoadOptions } from '../shared/type';
-export type { Resources } from './i18n/instance';
+export type { I18nInitOptions, I18nInstance, Resources, TranslateFn, } from './i18n/instance';
 export type { LoadReactI18nextIntegration, ReactI18nextIntegration, } from './reactI18next';
 export interface I18nPluginOptions {
     entryName?: string;
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export interface I18nPluginOptions {
 }
 export declare const createI18nPlugin: (loadReactI18nextIntegration?: LoadReactI18nextIntegration) => ((options: I18nPluginOptions) => RuntimePlugin);
 export type { AllowedLinkTarget, CanonicalRoutePath, UltramodernCanonicalRoutes, } from './canonicalRoutes';
-export { FederatedI18nBoundary, type FederatedI18nBoundaryProps, useModernI18n, } from './context';
+export { FederatedI18nBoundary, type FederatedI18nBoundaryProps, type UseModernI18nReturn, useModernI18n, } from './context';
 export { I18nLink, type I18nLinkProps } from './I18nLink';
 export { Link, type LinkActiveOptions, type LinkBaseProps, type LinkParams, type LinkProps, } from './Link';
 export { canonicalPath, type LocalizedPathsConfig, localizePath, type UseLocalizedLocationReturn, type UseLocalizedPathsReturn, useLocalizedLocation, useLocalizedPaths, } from './localizedPaths';

package/dist/types/runtime/i18n/backend/middleware.common.d.ts

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ type BackendConstructor = new (...args: never[]) => unknown;
  * @param BackendBase - The base backend class (for non-chained use)
  * @param backend - Optional backend configuration
  */
-export declare function useI18nextBackendCommon(i18nInstance: I18nInstance, BackendWithSave: BackendConstructor, BackendBase: BackendConstructor, backend?: BackendConfigWithChained): void;
+export declare function useI18nextBackendCommon(i18nInstance: I18nInstance, BackendWithSave: BackendConstructor, BackendBase: BackendConstructor, backend?: BackendConfigWithChained): unknown;
 export {};

package/dist/types/runtime/i18n/backend/middleware.d.ts

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ import type { I18nInstance } from '../instance';
 export declare class HttpBackendWithSave extends Backend {
     save(_language: string, _namespace: string, _data: unknown): void;
 }
-export declare const useI18nextBackend: (i18nInstance: I18nInstance, backend?: ExtendedBackendOptions) => void;
+export declare const useI18nextBackend: (i18nInstance: I18nInstance, backend?: ExtendedBackendOptions) => unknown;

package/dist/types/runtime/i18n/backend/middleware.node.d.ts

@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ export declare class FsBackendWithSave extends Backend {
     save(_language: string, _namespace: string, _data: unknown): void;
 }
 export declare const HttpBackendWithSave: typeof FsBackendWithSave;
-export declare const useI18nextBackend: (i18nInstance: I18nInstance, backend?: ExtendedBackendOptions) => void;
+export declare const useI18nextBackend: (i18nInstance: I18nInstance, backend?: ExtendedBackendOptions) => unknown;
 export {};

package/dist/types/runtime/i18n/detection/middleware.d.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import type { I18nInstance, LanguageDetectorOptions } from '../instance';
  * Must be called before init() to properly register the detector
  * For wrapper instances, ensure detector is registered on the underlying i18next instance
  */
-export declare const useI18nextLanguageDetector: (i18nInstance: I18nInstance) => void | I18nInstance;
+export declare const useI18nextLanguageDetector: (i18nInstance: I18nInstance) => unknown;
 /**
  * Read language directly from localStorage/cookie
  * Fallback when detector is not available in services

package/dist/types/runtime/i18n/detection/middleware.node.d.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export declare const readLanguageFromStorage: (_detectionOptions?: LanguageDetec
  * Register LanguageDetector plugin to i18n instance
  * Must be called before init() to properly register the detector
  */
-export declare const useI18nextLanguageDetector: (i18nInstance: I18nInstance) => void | I18nInstance;
+export declare const useI18nextLanguageDetector: (i18nInstance: I18nInstance) => unknown;
 /**
  * Detect language using i18next-http-middleware LanguageDetector
  * For initialized instances without detector in services, manually create a detector instance

package/dist/types/runtime/i18n/instance.d.ts

@@ -14,36 +14,45 @@ type I18nWrapperInstance = I18nInstance & {
 };
 export declare function isI18nWrapperInstance(obj: unknown): obj is I18nWrapperInstance;
 export declare function getActualI18nextInstance(instance: I18nInstance): I18nInstance;
+export type TranslateFn = (key: string | string[], options?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
 export interface I18nInstance {
     language: string;
     isInitialized?: boolean;
-    init: {
-        (callback?: (error: unknown, t: unknown) => void): Promise<unknown>;
-        (options: I18nInitOptions, callback?: (error: unknown, t: unknown) => void): Promise<unknown>;
-    };
-    changeLanguage?: (lng?: string, callback?: (error: unknown, t: unknown) => void) => Promise<unknown>;
+    init(options?: any, callback?: any): Promise<any>;
+    changeLanguage?(lng?: string, callback?: any): Promise<any>;
     setLang?: (lang: string) => void | Promise<void>;
-    use: (plugin: unknown) => void;
-    createInstance?: (options?: I18nInitOptions) => I18nInstance;
-    cloneInstance?: (options?: I18nInitOptions) => I18nInstance;
+    use(plugin: any): unknown;
+    t: TranslateFn;
+    exists?: (key: string | string[], options?: Record<string, unknown>) => boolean;
+    getFixedT?: (lng: string | readonly string[] | null, ns?: string | readonly string[] | null, keyPrefix?: string) => TranslateFn;
+    hasLoadedNamespace?: (ns: string | readonly string[], options?: Record<string, unknown>) => boolean;
+    dir?: (lng?: string) => string;
+    format?: (value: unknown, format?: string, lng?: string, options?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
+    languages?: readonly string[];
+    resolvedLanguage?: string;
+    loadNamespaces?: (ns: string | readonly string[], callback?: (...args: any[]) => void) => Promise<void>;
+    loadLanguages?: (lngs: string | readonly string[], callback?: (...args: any[]) => void) => Promise<void>;
+    addResourceBundle?: (lng: string, ns: string, resources: Record<string, unknown>, deep?: boolean, overwrite?: boolean) => unknown;
+    getResourceBundle?: (lng: string, ns: string) => unknown;
+    getDataByLanguage?: (lng: string) => Record<string, Record<string, string>> | undefined;
+    createInstance?(options?: any, callback?: any): I18nInstance;
+    cloneInstance?(options?: any, callback?: any): I18nInstance;
     store?: I18nResourceStore;
-    emit?: (event: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void;
-    reloadResources?: (language?: string, namespace?: string) => Promise<void>;
-    removeResourceBundle?: (language: string, namespace: string) => I18nInstance;
+    emit?(event: string, ...args: any[]): unknown;
+    reloadResources?(language?: any, namespace?: any, callback?: any): Promise<void>;
+    removeResourceBundle?(language: string, namespace: string): I18nInstance;
     services?: {
-        languageDetector?: {
-            detect: (request?: unknown, options?: unknown) => string | string[] | undefined;
-            [key: string]: unknown;
-        };
+        store?: unknown;
+        languageDetector?: any;
         resourceStore?: I18nResourceStore;
         backend?: unknown;
-        [key: string]: unknown;
     };
     options?: {
-        backend?: BackendOptions;
-        [key: string]: unknown;
+        detection?: any;
+        backend?: any;
+        ns?: any;
+        defaultNS?: any;
     };
-    [key: string]: unknown;
 }
 type LanguageDetectorOrder = string[];
 type LanguageDetectorCaches = boolean | string[];

package/package.json

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     "modern",
     "modern.js"
   ],
-  "version": "3.5.0-ultramodern.97",
+  "version": "3.5.0-ultramodern.99",
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=20"
   },
@@ -91,11 +91,12 @@
     }
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@modern-js/plugin": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-plugin@3.5.0-ultramodern.97",
-    "@modern-js/runtime-utils": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-runtime-utils@3.5.0-ultramodern.97",
-    "@modern-js/server-core": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-server-core@3.5.0-ultramodern.97",
-    "@modern-js/server-runtime": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-server-runtime@3.5.0-ultramodern.97",
-    "@modern-js/types": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-types@3.5.0-ultramodern.97",
+    "@modern-js/plugin": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-plugin@3.5.0-ultramodern.99",
+    "@modern-js/runtime-utils": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-runtime-utils@3.5.0-ultramodern.99",
+    "@modern-js/server-core": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-server-core@3.5.0-ultramodern.99",
+    "@modern-js/server-runtime": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-server-runtime@3.5.0-ultramodern.99",
+    "@modern-js/types": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-types@3.5.0-ultramodern.99",
+    "@modern-js/utils": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-utils@3.5.0-ultramodern.99",
     "@swc/helpers": "^0.5.23",
     "i18next-browser-languagedetector": "^8.2.1",
     "i18next-chained-backend": "^5.0.5",
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@
     "i18next-http-middleware": "^3.9.7"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
-    "@modern-js/runtime": "3.5.0-ultramodern.97",
+    "@modern-js/runtime": "3.5.0-ultramodern.99",
     "i18next": ">=26.3.1",
     "react": "^19.2.7",
     "react-dom": "^19.2.7",
@@ -119,8 +120,8 @@
     }
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@modern-js/app-tools": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-app-tools@3.5.0-ultramodern.97",
-    "@modern-js/runtime": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-runtime@3.5.0-ultramodern.97",
+    "@modern-js/app-tools": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-app-tools@3.5.0-ultramodern.99",
+    "@modern-js/runtime": "npm:@bleedingdev/modern-js-runtime@3.5.0-ultramodern.99",
     "@rslib/core": "0.23.2",
     "@types/node": "^26.1.1",
     "@typescript/native-preview": "7.0.0-dev.20260707.2",
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@
     "react": "^19.2.7",
     "react-dom": "^19.2.7",
     "react-i18next": "17.0.9",
+    "ts-node": "^10.9.2",
     "typescript": "^7.0.2"
   },
   "sideEffects": false,

package/src/runtime/context.tsx

@@ -187,11 +187,13 @@ export const FederatedI18nBoundary: FC<FederatedI18nBoundaryProps> = ({
   return <ModernI18nProvider value={value}>{children}</ModernI18nProvider>;
 };
 
-interface UseModernI18nReturn {
+export interface UseModernI18nReturn<
+  TInstance extends I18nInstance = I18nInstance,
+> {
   language: string;
   changeLanguage: (newLang: string) => Promise<void>;
   t: (key: string | string[], ...args: any[]) => string;
-  i18nInstance: I18nInstance;
+  i18nInstance: TInstance;
   supportedLanguages: string[];
   localisedUrls?: LocalisedUrlsOption;
   isLanguageSupported: (lang: string) => boolean;
@@ -209,10 +211,18 @@ interface UseModernI18nReturn {
  * - List of supported languages
  * - Helper function to check if language is supported
  *
+ * @typeParam TInstance - The concrete shape of the i18n instance held by the
+ * provider (e.g. i18next's `i18n`, or a wrapper type). Constrained to
+ * `I18nInstance`, so a nonsense argument is rejected; within that constraint it
+ * is still a caller assertion — the provider stores the base type and the
+ * narrowing is not verified at runtime. Pass it only when you know which
+ * instance the provider was given.
  * @param options - Optional configuration to override context settings
  * @returns Object containing i18n functionality and utilities
  */
-export const useModernI18n = (): UseModernI18nReturn => {
+export const useModernI18n = <
+  TInstance extends I18nInstance = I18nInstance,
+>(): UseModernI18nReturn<TInstance> => {
   const context = useContext(ModernI18nContext);
   if (!context) {
     throw new Error('useModernI18n must be used within ModernI18nProvider');
@@ -303,7 +313,9 @@ export const useModernI18n = (): UseModernI18nReturn => {
     language: currentLanguage,
     changeLanguage,
     t,
-    i18nInstance,
+    // The provider stores the instance as the base `I18nInstance`; the caller
+    // narrows to the concrete instance type via the TInstance type argument.
+    i18nInstance: i18nInstance as TInstance,
     supportedLanguages: languages || [],
     localisedUrls,
     isLanguageSupported,

package/src/runtime/contextHelpers.ts

@@ -188,7 +188,16 @@ export function translateI18n(
     throw new Error('i18nInstance.t required');
   }
 
-  return i18nInstance.t(key, ...args) as string;
+  // Called through `.call` with the original receiver: `I18nInstance.t` is a
+  // method, and custom instances (wrappers, class-based translators) may read
+  // `this`. Extracting the function and calling it bare would silently drop the
+  // receiver — i18next's own `t` happens to be bound, which would hide it.
+  const translate = i18nInstance.t as (
+    this: I18nInstance,
+    key: string | string[],
+    ...rest: unknown[]
+  ) => string;
+  return translate.call(i18nInstance, key, ...args);
 }
 
 export function isI18nLanguageSupported(

package/src/runtime/core.tsx

@@ -17,7 +17,12 @@ import {
 import './types';
 
 export type { I18nSdkLoader, I18nSdkLoadOptions } from '../shared/type';
-export type { Resources } from './i18n/instance';
+export type {
+  I18nInitOptions,
+  I18nInstance,
+  Resources,
+  TranslateFn,
+} from './i18n/instance';
 export type {
   LoadReactI18nextIntegration,
   ReactI18nextIntegration,
@@ -111,6 +116,7 @@ export type {
 export {
   FederatedI18nBoundary,
   type FederatedI18nBoundaryProps,
+  type UseModernI18nReturn,
   useModernI18n,
 } from './context';
 export { I18nLink, type I18nLinkProps } from './I18nLink';

package/src/runtime/hooks.ts

@@ -33,6 +33,13 @@ function createMinimalI18nInstance(language: string): I18nInstance {
     language,
     isInitialized: false,
     init: () => Promise.resolve(undefined),
+    // Keep the pre-existing loud failure: an uninitialised instance has no
+    // translator. Never echo the key back — that would silently render raw
+    // keys as if they were translations. This throws the same error that
+    // translateI18n (contextHelpers.ts:187) already throws today.
+    t: () => {
+      throw new Error('i18nInstance.t required');
+    },
     use: () => {},
     createInstance: () => minimalInstance,
     services: {},

package/src/runtime/i18n/instance.ts

@@ -65,47 +65,101 @@ export function getActualI18nextInstance(instance: I18nInstance): I18nInstance {
   return instance;
 }
 
+export type TranslateFn = (
+  key: string | string[],
+  options?: Record<string, unknown>,
+) => string;
+
+// FORK: intentionally diverges from upstream @modern-js/plugin-i18n. Upstream
+// declares a top-level `[key: string]: any` and overloaded call-signature
+// properties; both make i18next's `i18n` structurally unassignable to this
+// type, so the documented `i18nInstance: i18next` usage does not typecheck.
+// Do NOT restore upstream's shape when resolving a sync merge — the guard is
+// tests/type-fixture/i18nInstanceTypes.fixture.ts.
 export interface I18nInstance {
   language: string;
   isInitialized?: boolean;
-  init: {
-    (callback?: (error: unknown, t: unknown) => void): Promise<unknown>;
-    (
-      options: I18nInitOptions,
-      callback?: (error: unknown, t: unknown) => void,
-    ): Promise<unknown>;
-  };
-  changeLanguage?: (
-    lng?: string,
-    callback?: (error: unknown, t: unknown) => void,
-  ) => Promise<unknown>;
+  // Single non-overloaded method signatures. Method syntax is required for
+  // bivariant parameter checking; a SINGLE signature is required because
+  // overload bivariance is order-dependent across program compositions.
+  init(options?: any, callback?: any): Promise<any>;
+  changeLanguage?(lng?: string, callback?: any): Promise<any>;
   setLang?: (lang: string) => void | Promise<void>;
-  use: (plugin: unknown) => void;
-  createInstance?: (options?: I18nInitOptions) => I18nInstance;
-  cloneInstance?: (options?: I18nInitOptions) => I18nInstance; // ssr need
-  // i18next store (may not be in type definition but exists at runtime)
+  use(plugin: any): unknown;
+  t: TranslateFn;
+  exists?: (
+    key: string | string[],
+    options?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) => boolean;
+  // `lng` is required: i18next's getFixedT does not accept `undefined`.
+  getFixedT?: (
+    lng: string | readonly string[] | null,
+    ns?: string | readonly string[] | null,
+    keyPrefix?: string,
+  ) => TranslateFn;
+  hasLoadedNamespace?: (
+    ns: string | readonly string[],
+    options?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) => boolean;
+  dir?: (lng?: string) => string;
+  format?: (
+    value: unknown,
+    format?: string,
+    lng?: string,
+    options?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) => string;
+  // readonly: i18next declares `languages: readonly string[]`.
+  languages?: readonly string[];
+  resolvedLanguage?: string;
+  loadNamespaces?: (
+    ns: string | readonly string[],
+    callback?: (...args: any[]) => void,
+  ) => Promise<void>;
+  loadLanguages?: (
+    lngs: string | readonly string[],
+    callback?: (...args: any[]) => void,
+  ) => Promise<void>;
+  addResourceBundle?: (
+    lng: string,
+    ns: string,
+    resources: Record<string, unknown>,
+    deep?: boolean,
+    overwrite?: boolean,
+  ) => unknown;
+  getResourceBundle?: (lng: string, ns: string) => unknown;
+  getDataByLanguage?: (
+    lng: string,
+  ) => Record<string, Record<string, string>> | undefined;
+  createInstance?(options?: any, callback?: any): I18nInstance;
+  cloneInstance?(options?: any, callback?: any): I18nInstance; // ssr need
+  // i18next store (may not be in the type definition but exists at runtime)
   store?: I18nResourceStore;
-  emit?: (event: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void;
-  reloadResources?: (language?: string, namespace?: string) => Promise<void>;
-  removeResourceBundle?: (language: string, namespace: string) => I18nInstance;
+  emit?(event: string, ...args: any[]): unknown;
+  reloadResources?(
+    language?: any,
+    namespace?: any,
+    callback?: any,
+  ): Promise<void>;
+  removeResourceBundle?(language: string, namespace: string): I18nInstance;
+  // No nested index signature: i18next's `Services` is an interface and would
+  // fail "Index signature for type 'string' is missing".
   services?: {
-    languageDetector?: {
-      detect: (
-        request?: unknown,
-        options?: unknown,
-      ) => string | string[] | undefined;
-      [key: string]: unknown;
-    };
+    store?: unknown;
+    languageDetector?: any;
     resourceStore?: I18nResourceStore;
-    backend?: unknown; // Backend instance (e.g., SdkBackend)
-    [key: string]: unknown;
+    backend?: unknown; // Backend instance (e.g. SdkBackend)
   };
   // i18next instance options (available after initialization)
   options?: {
-    backend?: BackendOptions;
-    [key: string]: unknown;
+    detection?: any;
+    backend?: any;
+    ns?: any;
+    defaultNS?: any;
   };
-  [key: string]: unknown;
+  // NO `[key: string]: unknown`. TypeScript never grants an interface an
+  // implicit index signature, so any index signature here makes i18next's
+  // `i18n` permanently unassignable. BREAKING for consumers that read
+  // undeclared properties off I18nInstance.
 }
 
 type LanguageDetectorOrder = string[];

package/tests/i18nUtils.test.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ function createBackendI18nInstance(): I18nInstance {
     isInitialized: false,
     init: async () => undefined,
     use: () => {},
+    t: (key: string | string[]) => (Array.isArray(key) ? key[0] : key),
     options: {},
     store: {
       data: {},

package/tests/link.test.tsx

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ function createI18nInstance(language = 'en'): I18nInstance {
     isInitialized: true,
     init: () => Promise.resolve(undefined),
     use: () => {},
+    t: (key: string | string[]) => (Array.isArray(key) ? key[0] : key),
     createInstance: () => createI18nInstance(language),
     services: {},
     options: {},

package/tests/routerAdapter.test.tsx

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ function createI18nInstance(language = 'en'): I18nInstance {
     isInitialized: true,
     init: () => Promise.resolve(undefined),
     use: () => {},
+    t: (key: string | string[]) => (Array.isArray(key) ? key[0] : key),
     createInstance: () => createI18nInstance(language),
     setLang: rstest.fn(async () => undefined),
     changeLanguage: rstest.fn(async () => undefined),

package/tests/type-fixture/i18nInstanceTypes.fixture.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import {
+  type I18nInstance,
+  useModernI18n,
+} from '@modern-js/plugin-i18n/runtime';
+import i18next, { type i18n } from 'i18next';
+
+// WRITE direction — this is what had zero coverage and was broken before the
+// top-level index signature was removed from `I18nInstance`. Eight integration
+// fixtures (tests/integration/i18n/*/src/modern.runtime.tsx) write exactly
+// this and none of them is ever typechecked; this file is the guard.
+export const w1: I18nInstance = i18next.createInstance();
+export const w2: I18nInstance = i18next;
+
+// READ direction.
+declare const inst: I18nInstance;
+export const s: string = inst.t('k');
+export const b: boolean = inst.exists!('k');
+export const langs: readonly string[] = inst.languages!;
+export const fixed: string = inst.getFixedT!('en')('k');
+
+// W2 generic, both with and without an explicit type argument.
+type StarlingLike = i18n & { setLang?: (l: string) => void | Promise<void> };
+export function useTyped() {
+  const r = useModernI18n<StarlingLike>();
+  return r.i18nInstance.t('k') satisfies string;
+}
+export function useDefault() {
+  return useModernI18n().i18nInstance.t('k') satisfies string;
+}

package/tsconfig.json

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
     "declaration": false,
     "lib": ["DOM", "ESNext", "dom.iterable"],
     "jsx": "preserve",
-    "baseUrl": "./",
+    // FORK: `baseUrl` removed. TypeScript 7 / tsgo reject it outright (TS5102),
+    // so this package's own tsconfig could not be typechecked at all. `paths`
+    // is empty here, so nothing resolved through baseUrl.
     "isolatedModules": true,
     "paths": {},
     "rootDir": "./src"