@blamejs/core 0.12.31 → 0.12.33

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ upgrading across more than a few patches at a time.
 
 ## v0.12.x
 
+- v0.12.33 (2026-05-24) — **`b.cose` — COSE_Sign1 sign / verify (RFC 9052) over the in-tree CBOR codec.** COSE is the signed-statement substrate under SCITT, CWT, and C2PA — the CBOR-native counterpart to JWS. `b.cose` ships COSE_Sign1 signing and verification composing the v0.12.32 `b.cbor` codec for the deterministic Sig_structure encoding. It signs with the classical COSE algorithms that interoperate today — ES256 / ES384 / ES512 (ECDSA) and EdDSA (Ed25519), all with final IANA algorithm ids (RFC 9053) — and with ML-DSA-87 (FIPS 204) for PQC-forward deployments. Verification accepts the same set, so the framework both produces COSE other implementations read today and consumes third-party COSE. There is no classical default: the caller names the algorithm and supplies the key. **Added:** *`b.cose.sign(payload, opts)` / `b.cose.verify(coseSign1, opts)`* — `sign` produces a tagged COSE_Sign1 with `alg` in the integrity-protected header; `verify` returns `{ payload, alg, protectedHeaders, unprotectedHeaders }`. The Sig_structure (`["Signature1", protected, external_aad, payload]`) is deterministically CBOR-encoded; ECDSA signatures use the IEEE-P1363 fixed-width encoding COSE mandates (RFC 9053 §2.1), not ASN.1 DER. `external_aad` is bound into the signature. v1 is single-signer with an attached payload; detached payload, COSE_Sign (multi-signer), COSE_Mac0, and COSE_Encrypt are deferred-with-condition (operator demand). **Security:** *Bounded, alg-allowlisted, crit-checked verification* — `verify` decodes the COSE_Sign1 bytes AND the protected-header bstr through the bounded `b.cbor.decode` (depth + size caps, indefinite-length / tag / duplicate-key refusal). `opts.algorithms` is a required allowlist (no defaults — name the accepted algorithms). A `crit` header (label 2) listing a header label the verifier does not understand is refused (RFC 9052 §3.1 crit-bypass defense), as is a `crit` label absent from the protected header. The COSE algorithm switch refuses any unrecognized id at the default branch. · *ML-DSA-87 COSE algorithm id is a non-final draft* — ML-DSA-87 uses COSE algorithm id `-50`, a requested (non-final) IANA assignment from draft-ietf-cose-dilithium — an ML-DSA-87 COSE_Sign1 is not yet broadly interoperable and the id may change; it is pinned deliberately with the re-open condition being IANA finalization. SLH-DSA-SHAKE-256f has no registered COSE algorithm id at all and cannot be represented in COSE. The COSE_Sign1 mechanism and the classical algorithms are stable; ML-DSA-87 is the forward-looking opt-in.
+
+- v0.12.32 (2026-05-24) — **`b.cbor` — bounded, deterministic in-tree CBOR codec (RFC 8949).** CBOR is the binary serialization underneath COSE (RFC 9052), CWT, SCITT, and WebAuthn attestation — a foundational substrate the framework needs in-tree to build signed-statement primitives without a third-party parser. `b.cbor` is that codec, bounded by default like every parser the framework ships: a binary decoder is attack surface, so the defaults refuse the shapes a hostile encoder uses to exhaust memory or stack. The encoder emits Deterministically Encoded CBOR (RFC 8949 §4.2) — shortest-form heads, definite lengths, map keys sorted by encoded bytes, no indefinite-length items — so two semantically-equal values encode to byte-identical output, the property COSE signatures and SCITT receipts depend on. **Added:** *`b.cbor.encode(value, opts?)` / `b.cbor.decode(buffer, opts?)` / `b.cbor.Tag`* — `encode` produces deterministic CBOR from numbers (integers + float64), bigint (64-bit range), strings, `Buffer` / `Uint8Array`, arrays, `Map` or plain objects, `b.cbor.Tag`, and the simple values. `decode` returns the value with maps decoded to a `Map` (CBOR keys may be integers — COSE header labels are) and byte strings to `Buffer`. `b.cbor.Tag(tag, value)` carries a major-type-6 tagged item. `decode(buf, { requireDeterministic: true })` additionally asserts the input was itself canonically encoded (decode → re-encode → byte-compare), refusing a non-canonical re-encoding on a signature-verify path where it would be a malleability vector. **Security:** *Bounded-by-default decoder* — `maxDepth` (default 64, ceiling 256) caps nesting against stack exhaustion; `maxBytes` (default 16 MiB, ceiling 64 MiB) caps total input, and a declared string / array / map length exceeding the remaining bytes is refused before any allocation (no length-prefix memory bomb). Indefinite-length items (additional-info 31) are refused — a streaming-complexity / DoS vector forbidden by deterministic encoding. Reserved additional-info (28–30) is refused. Tags are refused unless allowlisted via `allowedTags` (a tag triggers semantic reprocessing — an un-vetted tag is a confused-deputy vector). Duplicate map keys (RFC 8949 §5.6) and trailing bytes after the data item are refused.
+
 - v0.12.31 (2026-05-24) — **`b.auth.jar.parse` — verify RFC 9101 JWT-Secured Authorization Requests (server side).** A plain OAuth authorization request carries its parameters in the URL query string, where a browser, proxy, or referer log can tamper with or leak them. RFC 9101 JAR packs those parameters into a JWT the client signs — the request object — so the authorization server can confirm they arrived exactly as sent. `b.auth.jar.parse(jar, opts)` is the server-side verifier and the request-side counterpart to the existing JARM response handling (`b.auth.oauth.parseJarmResponse`). It delegates the signature check to `b.auth.jwt.verifyExternal` — which already enforces a mandatory `algorithms` allowlist and refuses the alg-confusion (`alg: "none"`, HMAC-vs-RSA) and JWE-on-a-JWS-verifier shapes against a JWKS public-key trust source — then pins `iss` and the `client_id` claim to the expected client, pins `aud` to this server's issuer identifier, refuses a nested `request` / `request_uri` (RFC 9101 §6.3 recursion / confused-deputy vector), and returns the authorization parameters with the JWT envelope claims stripped. **Added:** *`b.auth.jar.parse(jar, opts)` — request-object verification* — `opts.clientId` (the expected client — pins `iss` + the `client_id` claim), `opts.audience` (this server's issuer identifier — pins `aud`), `opts.algorithms` (required signature allowlist — no defaults, the alg-confusion defense), and one of `opts.jwks` / `opts.jwksUri` / `opts.keyResolver` (the client's verification key). Returns `{ params, claims }` where `params` is the authorization parameters (`response_type`, `redirect_uri`, `scope`, `state`, `nonce`, …) with the JWT envelope claims (`iss`, `aud`, `exp`, `iat`, `nbf`, `jti`) removed. A request object whose `client_id` claim disagrees with `opts.clientId`, or that nests a `request` / `request_uri`, is refused. Emitting a request object (the client side) is deferred-with-condition: it requires signing with the client's key under a classical JWS algorithm, and the framework's own JWT signer is PQC-only for the tokens it issues — a PQC-signed request object would not interoperate with a standard authorization server; client-side emission re-opens when a classical JWS signer lands or operators surface the need. Until then clients sign request objects with their existing JOSE tooling.
 
 - v0.12.30 (2026-05-24) — **`bundleAdapterStorage.keyRotation(opts)` — verified whole-repository envelope key rotation.** Rotating the key that wraps a backup repository is only safe if you can prove every bundle still reads under the new key — a rotation that silently corrupts one bundle is a time-bomb the operator discovers at restore time, exactly when they can least afford it. `storage.keyRotation(opts)` rotates every bundle's envelope from the old key to the new key (composing `rewrapAllBundles`) and then re-reads every bundle under the NEW key (composing `verifyAllBundles`), so a bad rotation surfaces as `verifyFailed > 0` immediately instead of at restore. It emits a `backup/key-rotated` audit event with the rotation id + per-status counts — a key-rotation event is a compliance record (SOC 2 CC6.1, PCI DSS 3.6.4) operators wire into their signed audit chain. Works for both `recipient` (hybrid PQC envelope) and `passphrase` (Argon2id) storage; refused cleanly on plaintext (`cryptoStrategy: "none"`) storage and when the new key is missing. **Added:** *`bundleAdapterStorage.keyRotation(opts)` — rotate then prove* — `opts.newRecipient` / `opts.newPassphrase` is the key bundles rotate TO (matched to the storage's `cryptoStrategy`); `opts.oldRecipient` / `opts.oldPassphrase` unwraps the current envelope when it differs from the configured key. Returns `{ rotationId, rotatedAt, total, rotated, skipped, failed, verified, verifyFailed, rotateResults, verifyResults }`. `opts.verify` (default true) runs the post-rotation read-back under the new key; `opts.concurrency` / `opts.stopOnFirstFailure` forward to the batch passes. Plaintext bundles + non-wrappable formats are skipped cleanly; a rotation that leaves any bundle unreadable reports `verifyFailed > 0` and emits the audit event with `outcome: "failure"`. A true overlap window where BOTH the old and new key decrypt a bundle (`dualWrap: true`) is refused with `backup/dual-wrap-unsupported` — it needs multi-recipient archive envelopes `b.archive.wrap` does not yet emit, and re-opens when the wrap layer gains them; until then stage a rotation by keeping the old key available to readers until `keyRotation` reports `failed: 0` + `verifyFailed: 0`, then retire it.

package/README.md

@@ -125,6 +125,8 @@ The framework bundles the surface a typical Node app reaches for. Every primitiv
 
 - **JSON / SQL / schema** — `b.safeJson` (with `maxKeys` cap defending CVE-2026-21717 V8 HashDoS), `b.safeBuffer`, `b.safeSql`, `b.safeSchema`
 - **URL + path** — `b.safeUrl` (IDN mixed-script / homograph refuse); `b.safeJsonPath` (refuses filter `?(...)`, deep-scan `$..`, script-shape `(@.x)` for safe Postgres JSONB ops)
+- **Binary codec** — `b.cbor` bounded deterministic CBOR (RFC 8949 §4.2): depth/size caps, indefinite-length + reserved-info + tag + duplicate-key refusal, `requireDeterministic` canonical-form check; the in-tree substrate under COSE / CWT / SCITT / WebAuthn attestation
+- **COSE signing** — `b.cose` COSE_Sign1 sign/verify (RFC 9052) over `b.cbor`: classical ES256/384/512 + EdDSA (final COSE ids, interoperable today) plus ML-DSA-87 (PQC-forward, draft id); bounded + alg-allowlisted + crit-bypass-checked verification; the signed-statement substrate under SCITT / CWT / C2PA
 - **Document parsers** — `b.parsers` (XML / TOML / YAML / .env); `b.config` (schema-validated env)
 - **File-type detection** — `b.fileType` magic-byte content classification with deny-on-upload categories (image / document / archive / executable / etc.)
 ### Content-safety gates

package/index.js

@@ -455,6 +455,8 @@ module.exports = {
   // b.jose.jwe.experimental — see lib/jose-jwe-experimental.js for
   // the codepoint-stability contract.
   jose:             { jwe: { experimental: require("./lib/jose-jwe-experimental") } },
+  cbor:             require("./lib/cbor"),
+  cose:             require("./lib/cose"),
   queue:            queue,
   logStream:        logStream,
   redact:           redact,

package/lib/cbor.js

@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+"use strict";
+/**
+ * @module b.cbor
+ * @nav    Tools
+ * @title  CBOR codec
+ *
+ * @intro
+ *   A bounded, deterministic CBOR codec (RFC 8949). CBOR is the binary
+ *   serialization underneath COSE (RFC 9052), CWT, SCITT, and WebAuthn
+ *   attestation — a foundational substrate the framework needs in-tree
+ *   to build signed-statement primitives without a third-party parser.
+ *   Like every parser the framework ships, it is bounded by default:
+ *   a binary decoder is attack surface, so the defaults refuse the
+ *   shapes a hostile encoder uses to exhaust memory or stack.
+ *
+ *   <strong>Decoder defences</strong> (all on by default):
+ *   - <code>maxDepth</code> — nesting cap (refuses stack exhaustion).
+ *   - <code>maxBytes</code> — total input cap; a declared string /
+ *     array / map length that exceeds the remaining bytes is refused
+ *     before any allocation (no length-prefix memory bomb).
+ *   - <strong>Indefinite-length items refused</strong> (major-type
+ *     additional-info 31) — they are a streaming-complexity / DoS
+ *     vector and are forbidden by deterministic encoding (§4.2.1).
+ *   - <strong>Reserved additional-info (28–30) refused.</strong>
+ *   - <strong>Tags refused unless allowlisted</strong>
+ *     (<code>allowedTags</code>) — a tag triggers semantic
+ *     reprocessing; an un-vetted tag is a confused-deputy vector.
+ *   - <strong>Duplicate map keys refused</strong> (§5.6 — ambiguous).
+ *   - <strong>Trailing bytes refused</strong> — the buffer must be
+ *     exactly one CBOR data item.
+ *
+ *   <strong>Encoder</strong> emits Deterministically Encoded CBOR
+ *   (§4.2): shortest-form integer / length heads, definite lengths,
+ *   map keys sorted by their encoded bytes (bytewise lexicographic),
+ *   no indefinite-length items. Two semantically equal values encode
+ *   to byte-identical output — the property COSE signatures and SCITT
+ *   receipts depend on.
+ *
+ *   <code>decode(buf, { requireDeterministic: true })</code> additionally
+ *   asserts the input was itself deterministically encoded (it decodes,
+ *   re-encodes, and refuses on any byte difference) — use it on the
+ *   verify side of a signature where a non-canonical re-encoding would
+ *   otherwise be a malleability vector.
+ *
+ *   Maps decode to a <code>Map</code> (CBOR map keys may be integers,
+ *   not just strings — COSE header labels are integers); encode accepts
+ *   a <code>Map</code> or a plain object (string keys). Tagged items
+ *   are produced / consumed via <code>b.cbor.Tag</code>.
+ *
+ * @card
+ *   Bounded, deterministic in-tree CBOR codec (RFC 8949 §4.2) —
+ *   depth / size caps, indefinite-length + tag + duplicate-key
+ *   refusal. The substrate under COSE / CWT / SCITT.
+ */
+
+var C = require("./constants");
+var { defineClass } = require("./framework-error");
+
+var CborError = defineClass("CborError", { alwaysPermanent: true });
+
+var DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH = 64;                                                            // allow:raw-byte-literal — nesting depth, not a size
+var ABSOLUTE_MAX_DEPTH = 256;                                                          // allow:raw-byte-literal — nesting depth ceiling, not a size
+var DEFAULT_MAX_BYTES = C.BYTES.mib(16);
+var ABSOLUTE_MAX_BYTES = C.BYTES.mib(64);
+
+// CBOR / IEEE-754 wire constants (not byte sizes — protocol values).
+var CBOR_AI_1BYTE = 24;            // allow:raw-byte-literal — RFC 8949 §3 additional-info boundary (inline vs 1-byte argument)
+var BYTES_64BIT = 8;               // allow:raw-byte-literal — width of a CBOR uint64 / float64 argument, not a cap
+var FLOAT16_MANT_DIV = 1024;       // allow:raw-byte-literal — IEEE 754 half-precision mantissa scale (2^10), not a size
+
+/**
+ * @primitive b.cbor.Tag
+ * @signature b.cbor.Tag(tag, value)
+ * @since     0.12.32
+ * @status    stable
+ * @related   b.cbor.encode, b.cbor.decode
+ *
+ * A tagged CBOR item (major type 6) — <code>tag</code> is the
+ * non-negative integer tag number, <code>value</code> the tagged
+ * content. <code>encode</code> accepts a <code>Tag</code>;
+ * <code>decode</code> returns one when the tag number is in
+ * <code>allowedTags</code>. Construct with or without <code>new</code>.
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   var dt = new b.cbor.Tag(0, "2026-05-24T00:00:00Z");   // RFC 8949 §3.4.1
+ *   var bytes = b.cbor.encode(dt);
+ *   var back = b.cbor.decode(bytes, { allowedTags: [0] });
+ *   // → b.cbor.Tag { tag: 0, value: "2026-05-24T00:00:00Z" }
+ */
+function Tag(tag, value) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Tag)) return new Tag(tag, value);
+  if (typeof tag !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(tag) || tag < 0) {
+    throw new CborError("cbor/bad-tag", "cbor.Tag: tag must be a non-negative integer");
+  }
+  this.tag = tag;
+  this.value = value;
+}
+
+function _capInt(v, dflt, absolute) {
+  if (v == null) return dflt;
+  if (typeof v !== "number" || !isFinite(v) || v < 1) return dflt;
+  var n = Math.floor(v);
+  return n > absolute ? absolute : n;
+}
+
+// ---- encoder (deterministic, RFC 8949 §4.2) ----
+
+// Preferred float serialization (RFC 8949 §4.2.1): the shortest of
+// float16 / float32 / float64 that round-trips the value exactly. COSE
+// + SCITT depend on this — emitting float64 for a value representable
+// in float16 is non-canonical and trips requireDeterministic.
+function _encodeFloat(value) {
+  if (Number.isNaN(value)) return Buffer.from([0xf9, 0x7e, 0x00]);                      // allow:raw-byte-literal — canonical half NaN (RFC 8949 §4.2.1)
+  if (value === Infinity) return Buffer.from([0xf9, 0x7c, 0x00]);                       // allow:raw-byte-literal — half +Inf
+  if (value === -Infinity) return Buffer.from([0xf9, 0xfc, 0x00]);                      // allow:raw-byte-literal — half -Inf
+  var half = _doubleToHalfBits(value);
+  if (half >= 0) { var hb = Buffer.alloc(3); hb[0] = 0xf9; hb.writeUInt16BE(half, 1); return hb; }
+  var f4 = Buffer.alloc(5); f4[0] = 0xfa; f4.writeFloatBE(value, 1);
+  if (f4.readFloatBE(1) === value) return f4;                                          // exactly representable in float32
+  var f8 = Buffer.alloc(9); f8[0] = 0xfb; f8.writeDoubleBE(value, 1); return f8;
+}
+
+// Returns the 16-bit half-precision representation of a FINITE double
+// if it is exactly representable, else -1. Goes via float32: a value
+// not exact in float32 cannot be exact in float16; then the float32
+// exponent must fit the half range and the low 13 mantissa bits must
+// be zero (half has a 10-bit mantissa vs float32's 23).
+function _doubleToHalfBits(value) {
+  var fbuf = Buffer.alloc(4);
+  fbuf.writeFloatBE(value, 0);
+  if (fbuf.readFloatBE(0) !== value) return -1;                                        // not exact in float32 → not in float16
+  var f = fbuf.readUInt32BE(0);
+  var sign = (f >>> 16) & 0x8000;
+  var exp = (f >>> 23) & 0xff;
+  var mant = f & 0x7fffff;
+  var unbiased = exp - 127 + 15;
+  if (unbiased >= 0x1f) return -1;                                                      // overflow half's exponent range
+  if (unbiased <= 0) {
+    // subnormal half (or zero / underflow).
+    if (unbiased < -10) return -1;                                                      // too small for a half subnormal
+    var fullMant = mant | 0x800000;                                                     // restore implicit leading 1
+    var shift = 14 - unbiased;
+    if (fullMant & ((1 << shift) - 1)) return -1;                                       // would drop set bits → inexact
+    return sign | (fullMant >>> shift);
+  }
+  if (mant & 0x1fff) return -1;                                                         // low 13 bits set → not exact in half
+  return sign | (unbiased << 10) | (mant >>> 13);
+}
+
+function _head(major, argument) {
+  // argument is a non-negative integer (Number or BigInt). Emit the
+  // shortest form: inline (<24), 1/2/4/8 byte. major is 0..7.
+  var mt = major << 5;
+  var big = (typeof argument === "bigint") ? argument : BigInt(argument);
+  if (big < 24n) return Buffer.from([mt | Number(big)]);
+  if (big < 256n) return Buffer.from([mt | 24, Number(big)]);
+  if (big < 65536n) {
+    var b2 = Buffer.alloc(3); b2[0] = mt | 25; b2.writeUInt16BE(Number(big), 1); return b2;
+  }
+  if (big < 4294967296n) {
+    var b4 = Buffer.alloc(5); b4[0] = mt | 26; b4.writeUInt32BE(Number(big), 1); return b4;
+  }
+  if (big < 18446744073709551616n) {
+    var b8 = Buffer.alloc(9); b8[0] = mt | 27; b8.writeBigUInt64BE(big, 1); return b8;
+  }
+  throw new CborError("cbor/int-overflow", "cbor.encode: integer exceeds 64-bit CBOR range");
+}
+
+function _encodeValue(value, opts) {
+  if (value === null) return Buffer.from([0xf6]);                                       // allow:raw-byte-literal — CBOR null simple value
+  if (value === undefined) return Buffer.from([0xf7]);                                  // allow:raw-byte-literal — CBOR undefined simple value
+  if (value === true) return Buffer.from([0xf5]);                                       // allow:raw-byte-literal — CBOR true simple value
+  if (value === false) return Buffer.from([0xf4]);                                      // allow:raw-byte-literal — CBOR false simple value
+
+  if (typeof value === "number") {
+    // Exact integers within the safe range encode as CBOR integers;
+    // an integer-VALUED number beyond 2^53 (e.g. 1e300) has lost
+    // integer precision and is a float — encode it as a float (use a
+    // bigint for exact 64-bit CBOR integers).
+    if (Number.isInteger(value) && Math.abs(value) <= Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
+      return value >= 0 ? _head(0, value) : _head(1, -1 - value);
+    }
+    if (!isFinite(value) && !opts.allowNonFinite) {
+      throw new CborError("cbor/non-finite", "cbor.encode: NaN / Infinity refused (set allowNonFinite to emit them)");
+    }
+    return _encodeFloat(value);
+  }
+  if (typeof value === "bigint") {
+    return value >= 0n ? _head(0, value) : _head(1, -1n - value);
+  }
+  if (typeof value === "string") {
+    var u = Buffer.from(value, "utf8");
+    return Buffer.concat([_head(3, u.length), u]);
+  }
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(value) || value instanceof Uint8Array) {
+    var bs = Buffer.isBuffer(value) ? value : Buffer.from(value);
+    return Buffer.concat([_head(2, bs.length), bs]);
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    var parts = [_head(4, value.length)];
+    for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) parts.push(_encodeValue(value[i], opts));
+    return Buffer.concat(parts);
+  }
+  if (value instanceof Tag) {
+    return Buffer.concat([_head(6, value.tag), _encodeValue(value.value, opts)]);
+  }
+  if (value instanceof Map || (typeof value === "object")) {
+    return _encodeMap(value, opts);
+  }
+  throw new CborError("cbor/unencodable",
+    "cbor.encode: value of type " + (typeof value) + " is not CBOR-encodable");
+}
+
+function _encodeMap(value, opts) {
+  // Build [encodedKey, encodedValue] pairs, then sort by encoded-key
+  // bytes (bytewise lexicographic) per §4.2.1 so the output is
+  // deterministic regardless of insertion order.
+  var entries = [];
+  if (value instanceof Map) {
+    value.forEach(function (v, k) { entries.push([_encodeValue(k, opts), _encodeValue(v, opts)]); });
+  } else {
+    var keys = Object.keys(value);
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+      entries.push([_encodeValue(keys[i], opts), _encodeValue(value[keys[i]], opts)]);
+    }
+  }
+  entries.sort(function (a, b) { return Buffer.compare(a[0], b[0]); });
+  // Reject duplicate keys (equal encoded-key bytes) — ambiguous + a
+  // canonical-form violation.
+  for (var j = 1; j < entries.length; j++) {
+    if (Buffer.compare(entries[j - 1][0], entries[j][0]) === 0) {
+      throw new CborError("cbor/duplicate-key", "cbor.encode: duplicate map key");
+    }
+  }
+  var out = [_head(5, entries.length)];
+  for (var k = 0; k < entries.length; k++) { out.push(entries[k][0]); out.push(entries[k][1]); }
+  return Buffer.concat(out);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @primitive b.cbor.encode
+ * @signature b.cbor.encode(value, opts?)
+ * @since     0.12.32
+ * @status    stable
+ * @related   b.cbor.decode, b.cbor.Tag
+ *
+ * Encode a JavaScript value to Deterministically Encoded CBOR
+ * (RFC 8949 §4.2): shortest-form integer / length heads, definite
+ * lengths, map keys sorted by their encoded bytes, no indefinite-
+ * length items. Two semantically-equal values produce byte-identical
+ * output. Accepts numbers (integers + float64), bigint (64-bit
+ * range), strings, <code>Buffer</code> / <code>Uint8Array</code>,
+ * arrays, <code>Map</code> or plain objects, <code>b.cbor.Tag</code>,
+ * and <code>true</code> / <code>false</code> / <code>null</code> /
+ * <code>undefined</code>.
+ *
+ * @opts
+ *   {
+ *     allowNonFinite?: boolean,   // default false — NaN / Infinity refused
+ *   }
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   b.cbor.encode({ b: 2, a: 1 }).toString("hex");   // → "a2616101616202" (keys sorted)
+ */
+function encode(value, opts) {
+  opts = opts || {};
+  return _encodeValue(value, opts);
+}
+
+// ---- decoder (bounded) ----
+
+/**
+ * @primitive b.cbor.decode
+ * @signature b.cbor.decode(buffer, opts?)
+ * @since     0.12.32
+ * @status    stable
+ * @related   b.cbor.encode, b.cbor.Tag
+ *
+ * Decode one CBOR data item from a buffer, bounded by default. Maps
+ * decode to a <code>Map</code> (CBOR keys may be integers); byte
+ * strings to <code>Buffer</code>. Refuses indefinite-length items,
+ * reserved additional-info (28–30), tags not in
+ * <code>allowedTags</code>, duplicate map keys, and trailing bytes.
+ *
+ * @opts
+ *   {
+ *     maxDepth?:             number,    // default 64, ceiling 256 — nesting cap
+ *     maxBytes?:             number,    // default 16 MiB, ceiling 64 MiB
+ *     allowedTags?:          number[],  // default [] — tag numbers permitted
+ *     requireDeterministic?: boolean,   // default false — assert canonical encoding
+ *   }
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   var m = b.cbor.decode(bytes, { allowedTags: [0], requireDeterministic: true });
+ */
+function decode(buffer, opts) {
+  opts = opts || {};
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buffer) && !(buffer instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+    throw new CborError("cbor/bad-input", "cbor.decode: input must be a Buffer / Uint8Array");
+  }
+  var buf = Buffer.isBuffer(buffer) ? buffer : Buffer.from(buffer);
+  var maxBytes = _capInt(opts.maxBytes, DEFAULT_MAX_BYTES, ABSOLUTE_MAX_BYTES);
+  if (buf.length > maxBytes) {
+    throw new CborError("cbor/too-large",
+      "cbor.decode: input " + buf.length + " bytes exceeds maxBytes " + maxBytes);
+  }
+  var maxDepth = _capInt(opts.maxDepth, DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH, ABSOLUTE_MAX_DEPTH);
+  var allowedTags = Array.isArray(opts.allowedTags) ? opts.allowedTags : [];
+
+  var state = { buf: buf, pos: 0, maxDepth: maxDepth, allowedTags: allowedTags };
+  var value = _decodeItem(state, 0);
+  if (state.pos !== buf.length) {
+    throw new CborError("cbor/trailing-bytes",
+      "cbor.decode: " + (buf.length - state.pos) + " trailing byte(s) after the data item");
+  }
+
+  if (opts.requireDeterministic === true) {
+    // Round-trip: a deterministically-encoded input re-encodes to the
+    // identical bytes. Any difference is a non-canonical encoding
+    // (long-form head, unsorted keys, indefinite length) — a
+    // malleability vector on a signature-verify path.
+    var reencoded = _encodeValue(value, {});
+    if (Buffer.compare(reencoded, buf) !== 0) {
+      throw new CborError("cbor/not-deterministic",
+        "cbor.decode: input is not deterministically encoded (requireDeterministic)");
+    }
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+function _need(state, n) {
+  if (state.pos + n > state.buf.length) {
+    throw new CborError("cbor/truncated", "cbor.decode: unexpected end of input");
+  }
+}
+
+function _readArgument(state, ai) {
+  // ai is the low-5-bits additional info. Returns the argument as a
+  // Number (or BigInt for 8-byte values beyond Number range).
+  if (ai < CBOR_AI_1BYTE) return ai;
+  if (ai === CBOR_AI_1BYTE) { _need(state, 1); var v1 = state.buf[state.pos]; state.pos += 1; return v1; }
+  if (ai === 25) { _need(state, 2); var v2 = state.buf.readUInt16BE(state.pos); state.pos += 2; return v2; }
+  if (ai === 26) { _need(state, 4); var v4 = state.buf.readUInt32BE(state.pos); state.pos += 4; return v4; }
+  if (ai === 27) {
+    _need(state, BYTES_64BIT);
+    var big = state.buf.readBigUInt64BE(state.pos); state.pos += BYTES_64BIT;
+    return big <= 9007199254740991n ? Number(big) : big;                               // safe-int → Number, else BigInt
+  }
+  if (ai === 31) {
+    throw new CborError("cbor/indefinite-refused",
+      "cbor.decode: indefinite-length items are refused (deterministic-encoding violation)");
+  }
+  throw new CborError("cbor/reserved-ai",
+    "cbor.decode: reserved additional-information value " + ai + " (28-30) refused");
+}
+
+function _lenOf(arg) {
+  // A length / count must be a Number within array bounds — a BigInt
+  // length means a >2^53 declared size, which exceeds maxBytes anyway.
+  if (typeof arg === "bigint") {
+    throw new CborError("cbor/length-too-large", "cbor.decode: declared length exceeds addressable range");
+  }
+  return arg;
+}
+
+function _decodeItem(state, depth) {
+  if (depth > state.maxDepth) {
+    throw new CborError("cbor/max-depth", "cbor.decode: nesting exceeds maxDepth " + state.maxDepth);
+  }
+  _need(state, 1);
+  var ib = state.buf[state.pos]; state.pos += 1;
+  var major = ib >> 5;
+  var ai = ib & 0x1f;
+
+  switch (major) {
+    case 0: return _readArgument(state, ai);                                            // unsigned int
+    case 1: {                                                                           // negative int
+      var n = _readArgument(state, ai);
+      return (typeof n === "bigint") ? (-1n - n) : (-1 - n);
+    }
+    case 2: {                                                                           // byte string
+      var blen = _lenOf(_readArgument(state, ai));
+      _need(state, blen);
+      var bytes = buf_slice(state, blen);
+      return bytes;
+    }
+    case 3: {                                                                           // text string
+      var slen = _lenOf(_readArgument(state, ai));
+      _need(state, slen);
+      var sb = buf_slice(state, slen);
+      // CBOR text strings are defined as valid UTF-8 (RFC 8949 §3.1).
+      // Buffer.toString("utf8") silently substitutes U+FFFD for
+      // malformed bytes — that changes data and can slip an invalid
+      // payload past a canonicalization / signature check. Decode
+      // fatally so malformed UTF-8 is refused.
+      try {
+        return new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: true }).decode(sb);
+      } catch (_e) {
+        throw new CborError("cbor/invalid-utf8",
+          "cbor.decode: text string is not valid UTF-8 (RFC 8949 §3.1)");
+      }
+    }
+    case 4: {                                                                           // array
+      var alen = _lenOf(_readArgument(state, ai));
+      var arr = [];
+      for (var i = 0; i < alen; i++) arr.push(_decodeItem(state, depth + 1));
+      return arr;
+    }
+    case 5: {                                                                           // map
+      var mlen = _lenOf(_readArgument(state, ai));
+      var m = new Map();
+      var seen = [];
+      for (var j = 0; j < mlen; j++) {
+        var keyStart = state.pos;
+        var key = _decodeItem(state, depth + 1);
+        var keyBytes = state.buf.slice(keyStart, state.pos);
+        for (var s = 0; s < seen.length; s++) {
+          if (Buffer.compare(seen[s], keyBytes) === 0) {
+            throw new CborError("cbor/duplicate-key", "cbor.decode: duplicate map key (RFC 8949 §5.6)");
+          }
+        }
+        seen.push(keyBytes);
+        var val = _decodeItem(state, depth + 1);
+        m.set(key, val);
+      }
+      return m;
+    }
+    case 6: {                                                                           // tag
+      var tag = _lenOf(_readArgument(state, ai));
+      if (state.allowedTags.indexOf(tag) === -1) {
+        throw new CborError("cbor/tag-refused",
+          "cbor.decode: tag " + tag + " refused (add it to allowedTags to permit)");
+      }
+      return new Tag(tag, _decodeItem(state, depth + 1));
+    }
+    default: return _decodeSimpleOrFloat(state, ai);                                     // major 7
+  }
+}
+
+function buf_slice(state, n) {
+  var out = state.buf.slice(state.pos, state.pos + n);
+  state.pos += n;
+  // Copy so the returned buffer doesn't pin the (larger) input buffer.
+  return Buffer.from(out);
+}
+
+function _decodeSimpleOrFloat(state, ai) {
+  if (ai === 20) return false;
+  if (ai === 21) return true;
+  if (ai === 22) return null;
+  if (ai === 23) return undefined;
+  if (ai === 25) { _need(state, 2); var h = _readFloat16(state); return h; }
+  if (ai === 26) { _need(state, 4); var f = state.buf.readFloatBE(state.pos); state.pos += 4; return f; }
+  if (ai === 27) { _need(state, BYTES_64BIT); var d = state.buf.readDoubleBE(state.pos); state.pos += BYTES_64BIT; return d; }
+  if (ai === 31) {
+    throw new CborError("cbor/indefinite-refused", "cbor.decode: indefinite-length break refused");
+  }
+  throw new CborError("cbor/bad-simple",
+    "cbor.decode: unsupported simple value " + ai + " (only false/true/null/undefined + float16/32/64)");
+}
+
+function _readFloat16(state) {
+  // IEEE 754 half-precision → Number (RFC 8949 Appendix D).
+  var half = state.buf.readUInt16BE(state.pos); state.pos += 2;
+  var exp = (half >> 10) & 0x1f;
+  var mant = half & 0x3ff;
+  var sign = (half & 0x8000) ? -1 : 1;
+  if (exp === 0) return sign * Math.pow(2, -14) * (mant / FLOAT16_MANT_DIV);
+  if (exp === 31) return mant ? NaN : sign * Infinity;
+  return sign * Math.pow(2, exp - 25) * (FLOAT16_MANT_DIV + mant);
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  encode:    encode,
+  decode:    decode,
+  Tag:       Tag,
+  CborError: CborError,
+};

package/lib/cose.js

@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+"use strict";
+/**
+ * @module b.cose
+ * @nav    Crypto
+ * @title  COSE signing (RFC 9052)
+ *
+ * @intro
+ *   COSE_Sign1 signing and verification (RFC 9052 / 9053), composing
+ *   the in-tree <code>b.cbor</code> codec for the deterministic
+ *   Sig_structure encoding. COSE is the signed-statement substrate
+ *   under SCITT, CWT, and C2PA — a CBOR-native counterpart to JWS.
+ *
+ *   <strong>Signing</strong> supports the classical COSE signature
+ *   algorithms that are interoperable today — ES256 / ES384 / ES512
+ *   (ECDSA) and EdDSA (Ed25519), all with final IANA algorithm ids
+ *   (RFC 9053) — alongside ML-DSA-87 (FIPS 204) for PQC-forward
+ *   deployments. There is no classical <em>default</em>: the caller
+ *   names the algorithm and supplies the key. <strong>Verification</strong>
+ *   accepts the same set, so the framework both produces COSE other
+ *   implementations can read today and consumes third-party COSE.
+ *
+ *   <strong>Standards-maturity caveat on the PQC algorithm:</strong>
+ *   the COSE algorithm identifier for ML-DSA-87 is <code>-50</code>, a
+ *   <em>requested</em> (non-final) IANA assignment from
+ *   draft-ietf-cose-dilithium; it may change before that draft is
+ *   published, so an ML-DSA-87 COSE_Sign1 is not yet broadly
+ *   interoperable — pin the identifier deliberately, re-open on IANA
+ *   finalization. SLH-DSA-SHAKE-256f (the framework's default PQC
+ *   signature elsewhere) has <strong>no</strong> COSE algorithm
+ *   identifier registered at all (the COSE SPHINCS+ draft registers
+ *   only the Category-1 'small' sets), so it cannot be represented in
+ *   COSE and is not offered here. The COSE_Sign1 mechanism itself, and
+ *   the classical algorithms, are stable; ML-DSA-87 is the forward-
+ *   looking opt-in.
+ *
+ *   <strong>Verify is bounded.</strong> The COSE_Sign1 bytes and the
+ *   protected-header bstr are decoded through <code>b.cbor.decode</code>
+ *   (depth + size caps, indefinite-length / tag / duplicate-key
+ *   refusal). The protected header is the integrity-protected one;
+ *   <code>alg</code> (label 1) lives there. A <code>crit</code> (label
+ *   2) listing a header label the verifier does not understand is
+ *   refused (RFC 9052 §3.1) — a crit-bypass defense.
+ *
+ *   v1 ships COSE_Sign1 (single-signer) with an attached payload.
+ *   Detached payload, COSE_Sign (multi-signer), COSE_Mac0, and
+ *   COSE_Encrypt are deferred-with-condition (operator demand).
+ *
+ * @card
+ *   COSE_Sign1 sign / verify (RFC 9052) over the in-tree CBOR codec —
+ *   ML-DSA-87 signing (experimental, draft alg id) + classical verify,
+ *   bounded + crit-checked. The substrate under SCITT / CWT / C2PA.
+ */
+
+var nodeCrypto = require("node:crypto");
+var cbor = require("./cbor");
+var validateOpts = require("./validate-opts");
+var { defineClass } = require("./framework-error");
+
+var CoseError = defineClass("CoseError", { alwaysPermanent: true });
+
+var COSE_SIGN1_TAG = 18;                                                               // allow:raw-byte-literal — RFC 9052 COSE_Sign1 CBOR tag
+var HDR_ALG = 1;                                                                       // RFC 9052 §3.1 header label: alg
+var HDR_CRIT = 2;                                                                      // header label: crit
+var HDR_CONTENT_TYPE = 3;                                                              // header label: content type
+var HDR_KID = 4;                                                                       // header label: kid
+
+// COSE algorithm identifiers. ML-DSA-87 is a NON-FINAL requested
+// assignment (draft-ietf-cose-dilithium) — pinned deliberately, re-open
+// on IANA finalization. The classical ECDSA / EdDSA ids are final
+// (RFC 9053). SLH-DSA is intentionally absent (no registered COSE id).
+var ALG_NAME_TO_ID = {
+  "ML-DSA-87": -50,
+  "ES256": -7, "ES384": -35, "ES512": -36, "EdDSA": -8,                                // allow:raw-byte-literal — COSE algorithm identifiers (RFC 9053), not byte sizes
+};
+var ALG_ID_TO_NAME = {};
+Object.keys(ALG_NAME_TO_ID).forEach(function (k) { ALG_ID_TO_NAME[ALG_NAME_TO_ID[k]] = k; });
+
+// Signable algorithms: the classical ECDSA / EdDSA set (final COSE
+// ids, interoperable today) plus ML-DSA-87 (draft id, PQC-forward).
+// All are accepted for VERIFY as well. There is no classical default —
+// the caller names the algorithm explicitly.
+var SIGNABLE = ["ML-DSA-87", "ES256", "ES384", "ES512", "EdDSA"];
+
+// Header labels this verifier understands — a `crit` entry naming any
+// other label is refused (RFC 9052 §3.1 crit-bypass defense).
+var UNDERSTOOD_LABELS = [HDR_ALG, HDR_CRIT, HDR_CONTENT_TYPE, HDR_KID];
+
+function _toKeyObject(key, kind) {
+  if (key && typeof key === "object" && typeof key.asymmetricKeyType === "string") return key;
+  try {
+    return kind === "private" ? nodeCrypto.createPrivateKey(key) : nodeCrypto.createPublicKey(key);
+  } catch (e) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/bad-key", "cose: could not load " + kind + " key: " + e.message);
+  }
+}
+
+function _algParamsFor(algId) {
+  switch (algId) {
+    case -50: return { nodeAlg: null };                                                // ML-DSA-87 (KeyObject specifies the hash)
+    case -8:  return { nodeAlg: null };                                                // allow:raw-byte-literal — EdDSA COSE alg id (RFC 9053), not a size
+    case -7:  return { nodeAlg: "sha256", dsaEncoding: "ieee-p1363" };                 // ES256
+    case -35: return { nodeAlg: "sha384", dsaEncoding: "ieee-p1363" };                 // ES384
+    case -36: return { nodeAlg: "sha512", dsaEncoding: "ieee-p1363" };                 // ES512
+    default:
+      throw new CoseError("cose/unknown-alg", "cose: unrecognized COSE algorithm id " + algId);
+  }
+}
+
+function _bstr(x) {
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(x)) return x;
+  if (x instanceof Uint8Array) return Buffer.from(x);
+  if (typeof x === "string") return Buffer.from(x, "utf8");
+  throw new CoseError("cose/bad-bytes", "cose: expected bytes (Buffer / Uint8Array / string)");
+}
+
+// Sig_structure (RFC 9052 §4.4) for COSE_Sign1:
+//   [ "Signature1", body_protected (bstr), external_aad (bstr), payload (bstr) ]
+// deterministically CBOR-encoded — the bytes that are signed / verified.
+function _toBeSigned(protectedBstr, externalAad, payload) {
+  return cbor.encode(["Signature1", protectedBstr, externalAad, payload]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @primitive b.cose.sign
+ * @signature b.cose.sign(payload, opts)
+ * @since     0.12.33
+ * @status    stable
+ * @related   b.cose.verify, b.cbor.encode
+ *
+ * Produce a tagged COSE_Sign1 (RFC 9052) over <code>payload</code>
+ * (bytes). <code>alg</code> is one of the classical ECDSA / EdDSA
+ * algorithms (final COSE ids, interoperable today) or
+ * <code>"ML-DSA-87"</code> (draft id <code>-50</code>, PQC-forward).
+ * <code>alg</code> is placed in the integrity-protected header.
+ *
+ * @opts
+ *   {
+ *     alg:                 string,    // "ES256" | "ES384" | "ES512" | "EdDSA" | "ML-DSA-87"
+ *     privateKey:          object,    // matching KeyObject or PEM
+ *     kid?:                string,    // → unprotected header label 4
+ *     contentType?:        number,    // → protected header label 3
+ *     externalAad?:        Buffer,    // default empty — bound into the signature
+ *     unprotectedHeaders?: object,    // extra unprotected map entries (numeric keys)
+ *   }
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   var coseSign1 = await b.cose.sign(Buffer.from("statement"), {
+ *     alg: "ES256", privateKey: ecKey, kid: "key-1",
+ *   });
+ */
+async function sign(payload, opts) {
+  validateOpts.requireObject(opts, "cose.sign", CoseError);
+  validateOpts(opts, ["alg", "privateKey", "kid", "contentType", "externalAad", "unprotectedHeaders"], "cose.sign");
+  if (SIGNABLE.indexOf(opts.alg) === -1) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/unsignable-alg",
+      "cose.sign: alg must be one of " + SIGNABLE.join(" / ") +
+      " (SLH-DSA has no COSE algorithm id and is not offered)");
+  }
+  if (!opts.privateKey) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/no-key", "cose.sign: opts.privateKey is required");
+  }
+  var algId = ALG_NAME_TO_ID[opts.alg];
+  var params = _algParamsFor(algId);
+  var key = _toKeyObject(opts.privateKey, "private");
+
+  var protMap = new Map();
+  protMap.set(HDR_ALG, algId);
+  if (typeof opts.contentType === "number") protMap.set(HDR_CONTENT_TYPE, opts.contentType);
+  var protectedBstr = cbor.encode(protMap);
+
+  var unprot = new Map();
+  if (typeof opts.kid === "string") unprot.set(HDR_KID, Buffer.from(opts.kid, "utf8"));
+  if (opts.unprotectedHeaders && typeof opts.unprotectedHeaders === "object") {
+    var uk = Object.keys(opts.unprotectedHeaders);
+    for (var i = 0; i < uk.length; i++) unprot.set(Number(uk[i]), opts.unprotectedHeaders[uk[i]]);
+  }
+
+  var payloadBytes = _bstr(payload);
+  var externalAad = opts.externalAad == null ? Buffer.alloc(0) : _bstr(opts.externalAad);
+  var toBeSigned = _toBeSigned(protectedBstr, externalAad, payloadBytes);
+
+  // ML-DSA-87 + EdDSA: the KeyObject specifies the algorithm, so a
+  // null digest name is correct. ECDSA: a digest + the IEEE-P1363
+  // fixed-width signature encoding COSE mandates (RFC 9053 §2.1, not
+  // ASN.1 DER).
+  var signature = (params.nodeAlg === null)
+    ? nodeCrypto.sign(null, toBeSigned, key)
+    : nodeCrypto.sign(params.nodeAlg, toBeSigned, { key: key, dsaEncoding: params.dsaEncoding });
+
+  var sign1 = [protectedBstr, unprot, payloadBytes, signature];
+  return cbor.encode(new cbor.Tag(COSE_SIGN1_TAG, sign1));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @primitive b.cose.verify
+ * @signature b.cose.verify(coseSign1, opts)
+ * @since     0.12.33
+ * @status    experimental
+ * @related   b.cose.sign, b.cbor.decode
+ *
+ * Verify a COSE_Sign1 (RFC 9052) and return its payload + headers.
+ * The bytes are decoded through the bounded <code>b.cbor</code> codec;
+ * <code>alg</code> is read from the integrity-protected header and must
+ * be in <code>opts.algorithms</code>; a <code>crit</code> header naming
+ * a label the verifier does not understand is refused. Accepts ML-DSA-87
+ * plus the classical ECDSA / EdDSA COSE algorithms.
+ *
+ * @opts
+ *   {
+ *     algorithms:   string[],  // required — accepted alg names (allowlist)
+ *     publicKey?:   object,    // the verification key (KeyObject / PEM)
+ *     keyResolver?: function,  // (protectedHeaders, unprotectedHeaders) → key
+ *     externalAad?: Buffer,    // must match what was signed
+ *     maxBytes?:    number,    // forwarded to b.cbor.decode
+ *     maxDepth?:    number,
+ *   }
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   var out = await b.cose.verify(coseSign1, { algorithms: ["ML-DSA-87"], publicKey: pub });
+ *   // → { payload: <Buffer>, alg: "ML-DSA-87", protectedHeaders: Map, unprotectedHeaders: Map }
+ */
+async function verify(coseSign1, opts) {
+  validateOpts.requireObject(opts, "cose.verify", CoseError);
+  validateOpts(opts, ["algorithms", "publicKey", "keyResolver", "externalAad", "maxBytes", "maxDepth"], "cose.verify");
+  if (!Array.isArray(opts.algorithms) || opts.algorithms.length === 0) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/algorithms-required",
+      "cose.verify: opts.algorithms is required (no defaults — name the accepted algorithms)");
+  }
+  for (var ai = 0; ai < opts.algorithms.length; ai++) {
+    if (!(opts.algorithms[ai] in ALG_NAME_TO_ID)) {
+      throw new CoseError("cose/unknown-alg", "cose.verify: unknown algorithm '" + opts.algorithms[ai] + "'");
+    }
+  }
+  if (!opts.publicKey && typeof opts.keyResolver !== "function") {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/no-key", "cose.verify: pass publicKey or keyResolver");
+  }
+
+  var decoded = cbor.decode(_bstr(coseSign1), {
+    allowedTags: [COSE_SIGN1_TAG],
+    maxBytes:    opts.maxBytes,
+    maxDepth:    opts.maxDepth,
+  });
+  // Accept tagged (18) or bare COSE_Sign1 array.
+  var arr = (decoded instanceof cbor.Tag && decoded.tag === COSE_SIGN1_TAG) ? decoded.value : decoded;
+  if (!Array.isArray(arr) || arr.length !== 4) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/malformed", "cose.verify: not a COSE_Sign1 (expected a 4-element array)");
+  }
+  var protectedBstr = arr[0];
+  var unprotected = arr[1];
+  var payload = arr[2];
+  var signature = arr[3];
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(protectedBstr) || !Buffer.isBuffer(signature)) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/malformed", "cose.verify: protected header and signature must be byte strings");
+  }
+  if (payload === null || payload === undefined) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/detached-unsupported",
+      "cose.verify: detached payload (nil) is not supported in v1 — attached payload only");
+  }
+  // COSE_Sign1 payload is a bstr (RFC 9052 §4.2) — refuse a non-byte
+  // payload rather than return a value that violates the documented
+  // { payload: Buffer } shape.
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(payload)) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/malformed", "cose.verify: payload must be a byte string (bstr)");
+  }
+  // The unprotected header is a CBOR map — refuse a non-map rather
+  // than silently coerce it to empty (callers read kid etc. from it).
+  if (!(unprotected instanceof Map)) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/malformed", "cose.verify: unprotected header must be a CBOR map");
+  }
+
+  // Decode the protected header (bounded) — empty bstr means no protected headers.
+  var protMap = protectedBstr.length === 0 ? new Map()
+    : cbor.decode(protectedBstr, { maxBytes: opts.maxBytes, maxDepth: opts.maxDepth });
+  if (!(protMap instanceof Map)) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/malformed", "cose.verify: protected header is not a CBOR map");
+  }
+
+  // crit-bypass defense: every label in a crit array must be one the
+  // verifier understands AND must be present in the protected header.
+  if (protMap.has(HDR_CRIT)) {
+    var crit = protMap.get(HDR_CRIT);
+    if (!Array.isArray(crit)) {
+      throw new CoseError("cose/bad-crit", "cose.verify: crit (label 2) must be an array");
+    }
+    for (var ci = 0; ci < crit.length; ci++) {
+      if (UNDERSTOOD_LABELS.indexOf(crit[ci]) === -1) {
+        throw new CoseError("cose/crit-unknown",
+          "cose.verify: crit lists header label " + crit[ci] + " which is not understood (RFC 9052 §3.1)");
+      }
+      if (!protMap.has(crit[ci])) {
+        throw new CoseError("cose/crit-absent",
+          "cose.verify: crit lists label " + crit[ci] + " not present in the protected header");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  var algId = protMap.get(HDR_ALG);
+  var algName = ALG_ID_TO_NAME[algId];
+  if (algName === undefined) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/unknown-alg", "cose.verify: unrecognized protected alg id " + algId);
+  }
+  if (opts.algorithms.indexOf(algName) === -1) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/alg-not-allowed",
+      "cose.verify: alg '" + algName + "' is not in the allowlist");
+  }
+  var params = _algParamsFor(algId);                                                    // throws cose/unknown-alg on an unrecognized id
+
+  var key = opts.publicKey
+    ? _toKeyObject(opts.publicKey, "public")
+    : _toKeyObject(opts.keyResolver(protMap, unprotected), "public");
+
+  var externalAad = opts.externalAad == null ? Buffer.alloc(0) : _bstr(opts.externalAad);
+  var toBeSigned = _toBeSigned(protectedBstr, externalAad, payload);
+
+  var ok;
+  if (params.nodeAlg === null) {
+    ok = nodeCrypto.verify(null, toBeSigned, key, signature);
+  } else {
+    ok = nodeCrypto.verify(params.nodeAlg, toBeSigned,
+      { key: key, dsaEncoding: params.dsaEncoding }, signature);
+  }
+  if (!ok) {
+    throw new CoseError("cose/bad-signature", "cose.verify: signature verification failed");
+  }
+  return {
+    payload:             payload,
+    alg:                 algName,
+    protectedHeaders:    protMap,
+    unprotectedHeaders:  unprotected,
+  };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  sign:        sign,
+  verify:      verify,
+  ALGORITHMS:  ALG_NAME_TO_ID,
+  COSE_SIGN1_TAG: COSE_SIGN1_TAG,
+  CoseError:   CoseError,
+};

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@blamejs/core",
-  "version": "0.12.31",
+  "version": "0.12.33",
   "description": "The Node framework that owns its stack.",
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "author": "blamejs contributors",

package/sbom.cdx.json

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
   "$schema": "http://cyclonedx.org/schema/bom-1.5.schema.json",
   "bomFormat": "CycloneDX",
   "specVersion": "1.5",
-  "serialNumber": "urn:uuid:db45490d-0a47-4980-8047-83be6cb8f384",
+  "serialNumber": "urn:uuid:fc9aad21-216e-4059-88da-1a9dc8373559",
   "version": 1,
   "metadata": {
-    "timestamp": "2026-05-24T19:33:14.548Z",
+    "timestamp": "2026-05-24T21:32:33.865Z",
     "lifecycles": [
       {
         "phase": "build"
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@
       }
     ],
     "component": {
-      "bom-ref": "@blamejs/core@0.12.31",
+      "bom-ref": "@blamejs/core@0.12.33",
       "type": "application",
       "name": "blamejs",
-      "version": "0.12.31",
+      "version": "0.12.33",
       "scope": "required",
       "author": "blamejs contributors",
       "description": "The Node framework that owns its stack.",
-      "purl": "pkg:npm/%40blamejs/core@0.12.31",
+      "purl": "pkg:npm/%40blamejs/core@0.12.33",
       "properties": [],
       "externalReferences": [
         {
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
   "components": [],
   "dependencies": [
     {
-      "ref": "@blamejs/core@0.12.31",
+      "ref": "@blamejs/core@0.12.33",
       "dependsOn": []
     }
   ]