@blamejs/blamejs-shop 0.4.31 → 0.4.32

package/lib/vendor/blamejs/lib/crypto-field.js

@@ -15,21 +15,34 @@
  *   random nonce, so two seals of the same plaintext never collide.
  *
  *   Per-row key (K_row) derivation is opt-in via `declarePerRowKey`.
- *   Tables that opt in get a fresh K_row per INSERT, stored sealed in
- *   `_blamejs_per_row_keys`. AAD on the K_row binds (table, rowId,
- *   info-label) — copying a wrapped K_row from one row to another
- *   fails Poly1305 verification, so a DB-write attacker cannot move
- *   ciphertext between rows to bypass row-scoped erasure. This is the
- *   crypto-shred substrate for `b.subject.eraseHard`: deleting the
- *   K_row entry leaves WAL / replica residual ciphertext mathematically
- *   undecryptable.
+ *   Tables that opt in get a fresh K_row per INSERT: the framework
+ *   generates a 32-byte CSPRNG row-secret, derives
+ *   `K_row = SHAKE256(rowSecret || ":" || table || ":" || rowId || ":"
+ *   || info)`, and stores the SECRET (never K_row) AAD-sealed in
+ *   `_blamejs_per_row_keys.wrappedKey`. Because the secret is random —
+ *   not a function of any on-disk salt — an attacker with full disk
+ *   access cannot re-derive K_row once the wrapped secret is gone. The
+ *   AAD on the wrap binds (table, rowId, column, schemaVersion):
+ *   copying a wrapped secret from one row to another fails Poly1305
+ *   verification, so a DB-write attacker cannot move it between rows to
+ *   bypass row-scoped erasure. Sealed columns on a keyed row carry the
+ *   `vault.row:` prefix and are XChaCha20-Poly1305 ciphertext under
+ *   K_row, AEAD-bound to the same (table, rowId, column) tuple. This is
+ *   the crypto-shred substrate for `b.subject.eraseHard` /
+ *   `b.retention`: destroying the wrapped secret leaves WAL / replica
+ *   residual ciphertext mathematically undecryptable — even with the
+ *   vault root key — because K_row is gone everywhere it ever lived.
  *
  *   Derived hashes (`derivedHashes`) provide indexed lookup for sealed
- *   columns: a normalized SHA3 of the plaintext, salted by the vault's
- *   per-deployment salt + a per-field namespace, so dictionary /
- *   rainbow attacks across fields and across deployments fail. Sealed
- *   columns without a derived hash are unindexable — queries on them
- *   silently return zero rows.
+ *   columns. The default digest is a keyed MAC
+ *   (`hmac-shake256`: SHAKE256 under the vault's per-deployment MAC key) +
+ *   a per-field namespace, so an attacker who recovers the salt alone
+ *   cannot correlate low-entropy plaintexts across fields or across
+ *   deployments. Operators keeping byte-compatibility with an existing
+ *   salted index opt out per-table (`derivedHashMode: "salted-sha3"`) or
+ *   per-column (`derivedHashes.<col>.mode`). Sealed columns without a
+ *   derived hash are unindexable — queries on them silently return zero
+ *   rows.
  *
  *   Per-column residency (`declareColumnResidency`) declares EU / US /
  *   global tags; the storage-write gate (`assertColumnResidency`)
@@ -47,9 +60,12 @@ var vault = require("./vault");
 var vaultAad = require("./vault-aad");
 var validateOpts = require("./validate-opts");
 var numericBounds = require("./numeric-bounds");
+var safeJson = require("./safe-json");
+var frameworkSchema = require("./framework-schema");
+var sql = require("./sql");
 var { defineClass } = require("./framework-error");
-var { sha3Hash, kdf } = require("./crypto");
-var { HASH_PREFIX, VAULT_PREFIX, TIME } = require("./constants");
+var { sha3Hash, kdf, generateBytes, encryptPacked, decryptPacked, generateToken } = require("./crypto");
+var { HASH_PREFIX, VAULT_PREFIX, ROW_PREFIX, TIME } = require("./constants");
 
 // Typed refusal raised when a (actor, table, column) tuple exceeds the
 // opt-in unseal-failure rate cap and is in cooldown. alwaysPermanent —
@@ -58,6 +74,38 @@ var { HASH_PREFIX, VAULT_PREFIX, TIME } = require("./constants");
 var CryptoFieldRateError = defineClass("CryptoFieldRateError", { alwaysPermanent: true });
 var CryptoFieldError     = defineClass("CryptoFieldError", { alwaysPermanent: true });
 
+// Typed-value codec for sealed columns. Sealing previously String()-coerced
+// every value before encryption, which silently corrupts a Buffer (lossy
+// UTF-8 round-trip) or an object ("[object Object]"). This codec preserves
+// byte/type fidelity through a sealed column so unseal restores the original
+// type. Backward-compatible: a plain string is stored VERBATIM (pre-codec
+// cells decode unchanged) - only a non-string value, or the rare string that
+// itself begins with the sentinel, is wrapped. The NUL-led sentinel never
+// occurs at the start of a normal stored string. number / boolean / bigint
+// keep the existing String() contract (they round-trip as strings as before).
+var TYPED_SENTINEL = String.fromCharCode(0) + "bjsv1:";
+
+function _encodeTyped(value) {
+  if (typeof value === "string") {
+    return value.indexOf(TYPED_SENTINEL) === 0 ? TYPED_SENTINEL + "S:" + value : value;
+  }
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) return TYPED_SENTINEL + "B:" + value.toString("base64");
+  if (value instanceof Uint8Array) return TYPED_SENTINEL + "B:" + Buffer.from(value).toString("base64");
+  if (typeof value === "object" && value !== null) return TYPED_SENTINEL + "J:" + JSON.stringify(value);
+  return String(value);
+}
+
+function _decodeTyped(str) {
+  if (typeof str !== "string" || str.indexOf(TYPED_SENTINEL) !== 0) return str;
+  var body = str.slice(TYPED_SENTINEL.length);
+  var tag = body.slice(0, 2);
+  var payload = body.slice(2);
+  if (tag === "B:") return Buffer.from(payload, "base64");
+  if (tag === "J:") return safeJson.parse(payload);   // plaintext is AEAD-verified; safeJson blocks proto-pollution defensively
+  if (tag === "S:") return payload;
+  return str;   // unknown tag - return the raw decrypted string defensively
+}
+
 var compliance    = lazyRequire(function () { return require("./compliance"); });
 var db            = lazyRequire(function () { return require("./db"); });
 var audit         = lazyRequire(function () { return require("./audit"); });
@@ -132,15 +180,117 @@ var schemas = Object.create(null);
 //
 //   { tableName: { columnName: "eu" | "us" | "global" | <tag> } }
 var columnResidency = Object.create(null);
+// Per-ROW residency registry — table → { residencyColumn, allowedTags }.
+// The row-level sibling of columnResidency: one plaintext column on each
+// row carries that row's residency tag; write gates refuse a tagged row
+// landing on an incompatible backend.
+var perRowResidency = Object.create(null);
 
 // Per-row key declaration registry. For tables that opt
-// into per-row keying, b.subject.eraseHard deletes the wrapped K_row
-// from _blamejs_per_row_keys, leaving WAL/replica residual ciphertext
-// undecryptable.
+// into per-row keying, b.subject.eraseHard / b.retention destroy the
+// wrapped row-secret from _blamejs_per_row_keys, leaving WAL/replica
+// residual ciphertext undecryptable.
 //
-//   { tableName: { keySize, info, residencyTag } }
+//   { tableName: { keySize, info } }
 var perRowKeyTables = Object.create(null);
 
+// Seal-envelope strength ranking. A regulated posture can declare a
+// sealEnvelopeFloor in b.compliance POSTURE_DEFAULTS; registerTable
+// refuses a table that seals columns under a weaker envelope than the
+// floor when that posture is the globally-pinned one. Higher rank =
+// stronger binding:
+//   plain       — vault.seal: XChaCha20-Poly1305 under the vault root,
+//                 no AAD; a DB-write attacker can copy a cell to another
+//                 row undetected (CWE-311 / CWE-326).
+//   aad         — vault.aad.seal: AEAD-bound to (table,row,column,
+//                 schemaVersion); a relocated cell fails Poly1305.
+//   per-row-key — K_row crypto-shred: aad binding PLUS a per-row key,
+//                 so destroying the row-secret renders residue
+//                 mathematically undecryptable.
+var SEAL_ENVELOPE_RANK = Object.freeze({
+  "plain":       0,
+  "aad":         1,
+  "per-row-key": 2,
+});
+
+// The framework registry table that holds each row's AAD-sealed
+// row-secret. Named once so the seal-side AAD (materializePerRowKey),
+// the read-side AAD (unsealRow's K_row fetch), and rotate's reseal all
+// quote the byte-identical (table, rowId, column, schemaVersion) tuple.
+// Canonical LOGICAL name for the per-row-key registry. It is the AAD-tuple
+// table component (so seal / unseal / rotate quote a byte-identical tuple)
+// and the frameworkSchema.tableName key the local-handle SQL resolves
+// through. allow:hand-rolled-sql — canonical logical-name declaration.
+var PER_ROW_KEYS_TABLE = "_blamejs_per_row_keys";   // allow:hand-rolled-sql
+var PER_ROW_KEYS_COLUMN = "wrappedKey";
+var PER_ROW_KEYS_SCHEMA_VERSION = "1";
+
+// The per-row-key registry is read/written against the LOCAL db() / dbHandle
+// handle directly (not clusterStorage), so SQL composed for it uses the
+// RESOLVED name (prefix-aware via frameworkSchema.tableName) and quoteName so
+// b.sql emits the quoted identifier the single-node path expects — the same
+// shape db-query.js's _sqlOpts and db.js's own local-handle b.sql calls use.
+var _PER_ROW_SQL_OPTS = { dialect: "sqlite", quoteName: true };
+function _perRowKeysTableName() {
+  return frameworkSchema.tableName(PER_ROW_KEYS_TABLE);
+}
+
+// Build the canonical AAD parts for a row-secret wrap in
+// _blamejs_per_row_keys. One source of truth so seal / unseal / rotate
+// never drift. `rowId` is the app row's _id (the same value
+// destroyPerRowKey + subject.eraseHard delete on).
+function _wrappedKeyAad(rowId) {
+  return vaultAad.buildColumnAad({
+    table:         PER_ROW_KEYS_TABLE,
+    rowId:         rowId,
+    column:        PER_ROW_KEYS_COLUMN,
+    schemaVersion: PER_ROW_KEYS_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+  });
+}
+
+// Build the canonical AAD parts for a K_row-sealed data cell. Binds the
+// ciphertext to (table, rowId, column, schemaVersion) under K_row so a
+// cell pasted into a different row / column fails Poly1305 — the same
+// copy-protection the AAD-bound vault.aad: path gives, but keyed by the
+// row-scoped K_row rather than the vault root.
+function _rowCellAad(schema, table, column, rowId) {
+  return vaultAad.buildColumnAad({
+    table:         table,
+    rowId:         rowId,
+    column:        column,
+    schemaVersion: (schema && schema.schemaVersion) || "1",
+  });
+}
+
+// Encode a buildColumnAad parts object into the byte form
+// encryptPacked / decryptPacked thread into the AEAD tag. The vault.aad
+// canonicalizer (length-prefixed, sorted-keys) is the one encoder so a
+// K_row cell sealed here and a wrapped-secret sealed via vaultAad.seal
+// agree byte-for-byte on the same logical AAD.
+function _aadBytes(parts) {
+  return vaultAad.canonicalizeAad(parts);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @primitive b.cryptoField.isRowSealed
+ * @signature b.cryptoField.isRowSealed(value)
+ * @since     0.14.25
+ * @related   b.cryptoField.sealRow, b.cryptoField.unsealRow
+ *
+ * Returns `true` when `value` is a string carrying the per-row-key
+ * sealed-cell prefix (`vault.row:`), `false` otherwise. The row-keyed
+ * sibling of `b.vault.aad.isAadSealed` — the read path uses it to route
+ * a cell to its K_row decrypt instead of the vault-root unseal.
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   b.cryptoField.isRowSealed("vault.row:AAAA");   // → true
+ *   b.cryptoField.isRowSealed("vault:AAAA");        // → false
+ *   b.cryptoField.isRowSealed(null);                // → false
+ */
+function isRowSealed(value) {
+  return typeof value === "string" && value.indexOf(ROW_PREFIX) === 0;
+}
+
 /**
  * @primitive b.cryptoField.registerTable
  * @signature b.cryptoField.registerTable(name, opts)
@@ -154,6 +304,14 @@ var perRowKeyTables = Object.create(null);
  * hash namespaces. Subsequent `sealRow` / `unsealRow` / `eraseRow`
  * calls dispatch through this registry.
  *
+ * Seal-envelope floor: when a compliance posture that declares a
+ * `sealEnvelopeFloor` is globally pinned (`b.compliance.set` — today
+ * `hipaa` / `pci-dss` require at least an AAD-bound envelope), a table
+ * that seals columns under a weaker envelope throws
+ * `crypto-field/seal-envelope-below-floor` here at registration so the
+ * operator catches the under-protected schema at boot. Unpinned and
+ * non-regulated deployments register unchanged.
+ *
  * @opts
  *   sealedFields:   string[],              // column names sealed via vault.seal
  *   derivedHashes:  { [hashCol]: { from: string, normalize?: fn } },
@@ -195,11 +353,20 @@ function registerTable(name, opts) {
   var rowIdField = typeof opts.rowIdField === "string" && opts.rowIdField.length > 0
     ? opts.rowIdField : "id";
   var schemaVersion = opts.schemaVersion != null ? String(opts.schemaVersion) : "1";
-  var derivedHashMode = opts.derivedHashMode || "salted-sha3";
+  // Derived-hash mode default-on flip (v0.15.0): the per-table default is
+  // the keyed MAC "hmac-shake256" (SHAKE256 under vault.getDerivedHashMacKey),
+  // so an attacker who recovers the per-deployment salt alone cannot
+  // correlate two low-entropy plaintexts across the indexed-lookup column.
+  // Operators who need the deterministic-per-deployment salted digest (e.g.
+  // to keep byte-compatibility with an existing salted-sha3 index) opt out
+  // explicitly with registerTable({ derivedHashMode: "salted-sha3" }), or
+  // per-column via derivedHashes.<col>.mode. GDPR Art. 4(5) pseudonymisation;
+  // HIPAA 45 CFR 164.514(b); FIPS 202; NIST SP 800-185.
+  var derivedHashMode = opts.derivedHashMode || "hmac-shake256";
   if (derivedHashMode !== "salted-sha3" && derivedHashMode !== "hmac-shake256") {
     throw new CryptoFieldError("crypto-field/bad-derived-hash-mode",
-      "registerTable: derivedHashMode must be 'salted-sha3' (default) or " +
-      "'hmac-shake256', got " + JSON.stringify(derivedHashMode));
+      "registerTable: derivedHashMode must be 'hmac-shake256' (default) or " +
+      "'salted-sha3', got " + JSON.stringify(derivedHashMode));
   }
   var derivedHashes = Object.assign({}, opts.derivedHashes || {});
   for (var col in derivedHashes) {
@@ -211,8 +378,25 @@ function registerTable(name, opts) {
         "'salted-sha3' or 'hmac-shake256', got " + JSON.stringify(colMode));
     }
   }
+  var sealedFields = Array.isArray(opts.sealedFields) ? opts.sealedFields.slice() : [];
+  // Seal-envelope floor gate. Only fires when ALL hold:
+  //   (1) a posture is globally pinned (b.compliance.set) — read via
+  //       compliance().current(), the same source the residency write
+  //       gates read; an UNPINNED deployment is untouched (back-compat),
+  //   (2) that posture declares a sealEnvelopeFloor in POSTURE_DEFAULTS
+  //       (only regulated regimes do — hipaa / pci-dss), and
+  //   (3) the table actually seals columns under an envelope WEAKER than
+  //       the floor.
+  // A non-sealing table, an unpinned deployment, or a posture without a
+  // floor all pass through exactly as before. Config-time / entry-point
+  // tier: THROW so the operator catches the under-protected schema at
+  // boot rather than shipping PHI/PCI under a relocatable plain seal
+  // (CWE-311 / CWE-326).
+  if (sealedFields.length > 0) {
+    _assertSealEnvelopeFloor(name, aadOn);
+  }
   schemas[name] = {
-    sealedFields:    Array.isArray(opts.sealedFields)   ? opts.sealedFields.slice()   : [],
+    sealedFields:    sealedFields,
     derivedHashes:   derivedHashes,
     hashNamespaces:  Object.assign({}, opts.hashNamespaces || {}),
     aad:             aadOn,
@@ -222,28 +406,94 @@ function registerTable(name, opts) {
   };
 }
 
+// _assertSealEnvelopeFloor — config-time guard for registerTable. Reads
+// the globally-pinned posture (compliance().current()) and its declared
+// sealEnvelopeFloor; throws when `table` seals columns under a weaker
+// envelope. No-op when no posture is pinned, the posture declares no
+// floor, or compliance isn't loaded — so unpinned/non-regulated
+// deployments register exactly as before.
+function _assertSealEnvelopeFloor(table, aadOn) {
+  var posture;
+  var floor;
+  try {
+    var c = compliance();
+    posture = c.current();
+    if (typeof posture !== "string" || posture.length === 0) return;
+    floor = c.postureDefault(posture, "sealEnvelopeFloor");
+  } catch (_e) {
+    // compliance not loaded / unavailable — record nothing, gate nothing.
+    return;
+  }
+  if (typeof floor !== "string" || !Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(SEAL_ENVELOPE_RANK, floor)) {
+    return; // posture pins no recognised floor → back-compat pass-through
+  }
+  // Declared envelope for this table: per-row-key beats aad beats plain.
+  // declarePerRowKey may run before or after registerTable; honour it
+  // when it ran first.
+  var declared = perRowKeyTables[table] ? "per-row-key" : (aadOn ? "aad" : "plain");
+  if (SEAL_ENVELOPE_RANK[declared] < SEAL_ENVELOPE_RANK[floor]) {
+    throw new CryptoFieldError("crypto-field/seal-envelope-below-floor",
+      "registerTable: table '" + table + "' seals columns under the '" +
+      declared + "' envelope, but the pinned compliance posture '" +
+      posture + "' requires at least '" + floor + "'. " +
+      (floor === "aad"
+        ? "Pass registerTable({ aad: true, rowIdField: <pk> }) so each " +
+          "cell is AEAD-bound to (table, row, column) and cannot be " +
+          "relocated between rows"
+        : "Call b.cryptoField.declarePerRowKey('" + table + "', ...) " +
+          "before registerTable so each row gets a crypto-shred K_row") +
+      " (CWE-311 / CWE-326). Unpinned or non-regulated deployments are " +
+      "unaffected; this gate fires only under a posture that declares a " +
+      "sealEnvelopeFloor.");
+  }
+}
+
 // Derived-hash digest width for the keyed (hmac-shake256) mode: 32
 // bytes -> 64 hex chars.
 var DERIVED_HASH_BYTES = 32;
 
 // Compute the indexed-lookup digest for a derived-hash column.
-//   - "salted-sha3" (default): SHA3-512 over <per-deployment salt> + ns
-//     + value (128 hex). Deterministic per deployment.
-//   - "hmac-shake256": SHAKE256(<vault-sealed MAC key> || ns + value)
-//     truncated to 32 bytes (64 hex). The key is a vault-derived secret,
-//     NOT a static salt, so an attacker who recovers the salt alone
-//     can't correlate two low-entropy plaintexts; the sponge has no
-//     length-extension weakness. (b.crypto.hmacSha3 (HMAC-SHA3-512) was
-//     considered; SHAKE256(key||msg) is chosen for the fixed-width keyed
-//     digest with the same MAC-grade guarantee.) FIPS 202; NIST SP
-//     800-185; GDPR Art. 4(5) pseudonymisation; HIPAA 45 CFR 164.514(b).
+//   - "hmac-shake256" (registerTable default since v0.15.0):
+//     SHAKE256(<vault-sealed MAC key> || ns + value) truncated to 32 bytes
+//     (64 hex). The key is a vault-derived secret, NOT a static salt, so an
+//     attacker who recovers the salt alone can't correlate two low-entropy
+//     plaintexts; the sponge has no length-extension weakness.
+//     (b.crypto.hmacSha3 (HMAC-SHA3-512) was considered; SHAKE256(key||msg)
+//     is chosen for the fixed-width keyed digest with the same MAC-grade
+//     guarantee.) FIPS 202; NIST SP 800-185; GDPR Art. 4(5)
+//     pseudonymisation; HIPAA 45 CFR 164.514(b).
+//   - "salted-sha3" (opt-out / pre-v0.15.0 legacy index): SHA3-512 over
+//     <per-deployment salt> + ns + value (128 hex). Deterministic per
+//     deployment, byte-compatible with the legacy index.
+// The bare-fallback (`|| "salted-sha3"`) applies only when NEITHER the
+// per-column spec.mode NOR a table mode is supplied — an ad-hoc caller that
+// named no mode; registerTable always records a derivedHashMode, so a
+// registered table is never bare-fallthrough.
 function _computeDerivedHash(spec, tableMode, ns, normalized) {
-  var mode = (spec && spec.mode) || tableMode || "salted-sha3";
+  var mode = _resolveDerivedHashMode(spec, tableMode);
   if (mode === "hmac-shake256") {
     var macKey = vault.getDerivedHashMacKey();
     return kdf(Buffer.concat([macKey, Buffer.from(ns + normalized, "utf8")]),
       DERIVED_HASH_BYTES).toString("hex");
   }
+  return _legacyDerivedHash(ns, normalized);
+}
+
+// Resolve the effective derived-hash mode for a (spec, tableMode) pair —
+// per-column override beats the table mode beats the bare salted-sha3
+// fallback (the ad-hoc-no-mode case; see _computeDerivedHash).
+function _resolveDerivedHashMode(spec, tableMode) {
+  return (spec && spec.mode) || tableMode || "salted-sha3";
+}
+
+// The legacy (pre-v0.15.0 default) salted-sha3 digest — SHA3-512 over the
+// per-deployment salt + namespace + normalized value (128 hex). Factored out
+// so the dual-read LOOKUP path and the upgrade-on-read auto-migrate can
+// recompute the OLD-default hash for a (ns, value) regardless of the table's
+// current keyed-MAC mode: a row written before the default flipped still
+// carries this digest in its derived-hash column, and a lookup that only
+// computed the keyed-MAC would miss it.
+function _legacyDerivedHash(ns, normalized) {
   return sha3Hash(vault.getDerivedHashSalt().toString("hex") + ns + normalized);
 }
 
@@ -420,6 +670,33 @@ function namespaceFor(table, field, registered) {
  *
  *   b.cryptoField.computeDerived("users", "email", null);   // → null
  */
+// Build the derived-hash result for a (schema, derivedField, spec,
+// sourceField, value) tuple — the single source of truth for both
+// computeDerived and lookupHash. Returns `{ field, value, legacyValue? }`.
+//
+//   value       — the digest under the column's ACTIVE mode (keyed-MAC for a
+//                 v0.15.0-default table; salted-sha3 when opted out). New
+//                 writes index under this, so it stays the primary equality
+//                 value every existing caller already reads.
+//   legacyValue — present ONLY when the active mode is the keyed MAC: the
+//                 byte-form a row written under the PRE-v0.15.0 salted-sha3
+//                 default would carry. A dual-read lookup matches EITHER
+//                 value so the keyed-default flip doesn't silently lose
+//                 pre-flip rows; the upgrade-on-read auto-migrate in
+//                 unsealRow re-hashes a row found via the legacy digest.
+function _derivedHashResult(s, table, derivedField, spec, sourceField, value) {
+  var ns = namespaceFor(table, sourceField, s.hashNamespaces);
+  var normalized = spec.normalize ? spec.normalize(value) : String(value);
+  var mode = _resolveDerivedHashMode(spec, s.derivedHashMode);
+  var primary = _computeDerivedHash(spec, s.derivedHashMode, ns, normalized);
+  var out = { field: derivedField, value: primary };
+  if (mode === "hmac-shake256") {
+    var legacy = _legacyDerivedHash(ns, normalized);
+    if (legacy !== primary) out.legacyValue = legacy;
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
 function computeDerived(table, sourceField, sourceValue) {
   if (sourceValue === undefined || sourceValue === null) return null;
   var s = schemas[table];
@@ -428,9 +705,7 @@ function computeDerived(table, sourceField, sourceValue) {
   for (var derivedField in s.derivedHashes) {
     var spec = s.derivedHashes[derivedField];
     if (spec.from === sourceField) {
-      var ns = namespaceFor(table, sourceField, s.hashNamespaces);
-      var normalized = spec.normalize ? spec.normalize(sourceValue) : String(sourceValue);
-      return { field: derivedField, value: _computeDerivedHash(spec, s.derivedHashMode, ns, normalized) };
+      return _derivedHashResult(s, table, derivedField, spec, sourceField, sourceValue);
     }
   }
   return null;
@@ -450,18 +725,50 @@ function computeDerived(table, sourceField, sourceValue) {
 // tuple are refused for `cooldownMs` with a typed CryptoFieldRateError and
 // a distinct system.crypto.unseal_rate_exceeded audit row.
 //
-// Default OFF — when no cap is configured, unsealRow behaves exactly as
-// before (null-the-field + audit-only). Composes the same timestamp-array
-// sliding-window shape used by b.mail.server.rateLimit (_pruneWindow):
-// count-based, lazily pruned on read, no background timer.
+// Default-ON (v0.15.0) — the cap is armed at module load with the
+// DEFAULT_RATE_CAP below, so a forged-ciphertext unseal-oracle is bounded
+// out of the box. Operators who want the prior audit-only behaviour opt
+// out explicitly with configureUnsealRateCap(null) / { disabled: true }.
+// Composes the same timestamp-array sliding-window shape used by
+// b.mail.server.rateLimit (_pruneWindow): count-based, lazily pruned on
+// read, no background timer.
 //
 // CWE-307 (Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts —
 // generalized here to excessive decryption-oracle attempts); OWASP ASVS
 // v5 §2.2.1 (anti-automation); NIST SP 800-63B §5.2.2 (rate limiting).
-var _rateCap = null;                          // null = disabled
+//
+// DEFAULT_RATE_CAP — the secure baseline the cap arms with at module load.
+// 10 forged-ciphertext failures for one (actor, table, column) inside a
+// 1-minute window trip a 5-minute cooldown. Generous enough that no
+// legitimate read pattern hits it (a real ciphertext never fails the
+// AEAD), tight enough that an oracle-hammering attacker is shut off fast.
+var DEFAULT_RATE_CAP_THRESHOLD  = 10;
+var DEFAULT_RATE_CAP_WINDOW_MS  = TIME.minutes(1);
+var DEFAULT_RATE_CAP_COOLDOWN_MS = TIME.minutes(5);
+var _rateCap = null;                          // installed by _installDefaultRateCap() below
 var _rateFailWindows = new Map();             // "actor\x00table\x00column" → [tsMs, ...]
 var _rateCooldowns = new Map();               // same key → cooldownUntilMs
 
+// Build the default cap record (Date.now clock, framework-audit sink).
+// Separated so module-load and clearRateCapForTest install the identical
+// secure baseline.
+function _defaultRateCapRecord() {
+  return {
+    threshold:  DEFAULT_RATE_CAP_THRESHOLD,
+    windowMs:   DEFAULT_RATE_CAP_WINDOW_MS,
+    cooldownMs: DEFAULT_RATE_CAP_COOLDOWN_MS,
+    now:        function () { return Date.now(); },
+    onAudit:    null,
+  };
+}
+function _installDefaultRateCap() {
+  _rateCap = _defaultRateCapRecord();
+  _rateFailWindows.clear();
+  _rateCooldowns.clear();
+}
+// Arm the secure default at module load (security-on, not opt-in).
+_installDefaultRateCap();
+
 // Tuple key. \x00 is not a legal column / table identifier byte and is
 // vanishingly unlikely in an actor id, so the join is unambiguous; the
 // composite is only ever a Map key (never an object property), so no
@@ -477,23 +784,25 @@ function _rateKey(actor, table, column) {
  * @compliance hipaa, gdpr, pci-dss
  * @related   b.cryptoField.unsealRow, b.cryptoField.clearRateCapForTest
  *
- * Opt into a per-(actor, table, column) cap on sealed-column unseal
- * FAILURES. By default (unconfigured) `unsealRow` only nulls the field
- * and emits `system.crypto.unseal_failed` on a forged-ciphertext read —
- * an attacker who can write `vault:<crafted>` payloads can hammer the
- * KEM-decapsulation / AEAD-verify oracle indefinitely, and only an
- * off-band operator alert rule catches the burst. With a cap configured,
- * once a single tuple accrues `threshold` failures inside `windowMs`,
- * every subsequent `unsealRow` touching that tuple is REFUSED for
- * `cooldownMs` with a `CryptoFieldRateError` and a distinct
+ * Tune the per-(actor, table, column) cap on sealed-column unseal
+ * FAILURES. The cap is ON BY DEFAULT (default-on, v0.15.0): the framework
+ * arms it at module load (threshold 10 / 1-minute window / 5-minute
+ * cooldown) so a forged-ciphertext oracle is bounded with no operator
+ * action. Once a single tuple accrues `threshold` failures inside
+ * `windowMs`, every subsequent `unsealRow` touching that tuple is REFUSED
+ * for `cooldownMs` with a `CryptoFieldRateError` and a distinct
  * `system.crypto.unseal_rate_exceeded` audit row, bounding the oracle.
- *
- * Pass `null` (or `{ disabled: true }`) to turn the cap back off. This is
- * a behaviour-changing refusal gate, so it is opt-in: unconfigured
- * deployments keep today's audit-only behaviour with full back-compat.
- * Validation is config-time / entry-point tier — bad `threshold` /
- * `windowMs` / `cooldownMs` THROW so an operator catches the typo at
- * boot rather than silently disabling the cap.
+ * Without the cap, an attacker who can write `vault:<crafted>` payloads
+ * can hammer the KEM-decapsulation / AEAD-verify oracle indefinitely and
+ * only an off-band operator alert rule catches the burst.
+ *
+ * Pass an opts object to RAISE/lower the thresholds. Pass `null` (or
+ * `{ disabled: true }`) to turn the cap off entirely and fall back to
+ * audit-only (the pre-v0.15.0 behaviour) — the documented opt-out for the
+ * rare deployment that needs an unbounded read path. Validation is
+ * config-time / entry-point tier — bad `threshold` / `windowMs` /
+ * `cooldownMs` THROW so an operator catches the typo at boot rather than
+ * silently mis-configuring the cap.
  *
  * CWE-307 (excessive-attempt restriction); OWASP ASVS v5 §2.2.1;
  * NIST SP 800-63B §5.2.2.
@@ -616,27 +925,26 @@ function _rateNoteFailure(actor, table, column) {
  * @status    experimental
  * @related   b.cryptoField.configureUnsealRateCap
  *
- * Test-only helper. Disables the unseal-failure rate cap and drops every
- * in-flight sliding-window + cooldown entry so a fixture can re-configure
- * the cap between cases. Operator code never calls this — production
- * deployments configure the cap once at boot.
+ * Test-only helper. Restores the secure DEFAULT cap (default-on baseline)
+ * and drops every in-flight sliding-window + cooldown entry so a fixture
+ * can re-configure the cap between cases from a known-good starting point.
+ * Operator code never calls this — production deployments inherit the
+ * default cap at boot and tune or disable it via configureUnsealRateCap.
  *
  * @example
  *   b.cryptoField.configureUnsealRateCap({ threshold: 3 });
  *   b.cryptoField.clearRateCapForTest();
- *   // cap is off again; windows + cooldowns cleared
+ *   // cap is back at the secure default; windows + cooldowns cleared
  */
 function clearRateCapForTest() {
-  _rateCap = null;
-  _rateFailWindows.clear();
-  _rateCooldowns.clear();
+  _installDefaultRateCap();
 }
 
 // ---- Row sealing / unsealing ----
 
 /**
  * @primitive b.cryptoField.sealRow
- * @signature b.cryptoField.sealRow(table, row)
+ * @signature b.cryptoField.sealRow(table, row, opts?)
  * @since     0.4.0
  * @compliance hipaa, gdpr, pci-dss
  * @related   b.cryptoField.unsealRow, b.cryptoField.eraseRow, b.vault.seal
@@ -649,6 +957,20 @@ function clearRateCapForTest() {
  * computed BEFORE sealing the source so the indexed lookup column
  * captures the plaintext digest.
  *
+ * When `opts.kRow` (a row-scoped key Buffer from
+ * `materializePerRowKey`) is supplied — wired automatically by the
+ * db-query write boundary for `declarePerRowKey` tables — sealed
+ * columns are instead XChaCha20-Poly1305-encrypted under K_row and
+ * emitted with the `vault.row:` prefix, AEAD-bound to (table, rowId,
+ * column, schemaVersion). The residency-tag column (when the table
+ * declares per-row residency) is NEVER K_row-sealed: the write gate
+ * and reads must see it in plaintext.
+ *
+ * @opts
+ *   kRow:  Buffer,   // row-scoped key from materializePerRowKey; when present,
+ *                    // sealed columns emit vault.row: cells under K_row
+ *   rowId: string,   // the row's _id; required when kRow is present (AAD term)
+ *
  * @example
  *   b.cryptoField.registerTable("patients", {
  *     sealedFields: ["ssn"],
@@ -660,11 +982,29 @@ function clearRateCapForTest() {
  *   typeof sealed.ssnHash;                     // → "string"
  *   row.ssn;                                   // → "123-45-6789" (input untouched)
  */
-function sealRow(table, row) {
+function sealRow(table, row, opts) {
   if (!row) return row;
   var s = schemas[table];
   if (!s) return row;
   var out = Object.assign({}, row);
+  opts = opts || {};
+  var kRow = Buffer.isBuffer(opts.kRow) ? opts.kRow : null;
+  // The per-row-key path needs the row identity for the cell AAD. Prefer
+  // the explicit opts.rowId; fall back to the row's _id. A K_row with no
+  // rowId can't build a stable AAD, so refuse rather than seal under a
+  // placeholder that no later unseal could open.
+  var kRowId = kRow
+    ? String(opts.rowId != null ? opts.rowId : (out._id != null ? out._id : ""))
+    : null;
+  if (kRow && kRowId.length === 0) {
+    throw new CryptoFieldError("crypto-field/seal-row-krow-rowid-missing",
+      "cryptoField.sealRow: opts.kRow supplied but no rowId (set opts.rowId " +
+      "or row._id) — the K_row cell AAD binds (table, rowId, column)");
+  }
+  // Residency tag column must stay plaintext even under a K_row seal —
+  // the write gate reads it before sealRow and reads surface it verbatim.
+  var residencySpec = perRowResidency[table];
+  var residencyCol = residencySpec ? residencySpec.residencyColumn : null;
 
   // Compute derived hashes from plaintext source values BEFORE sealing those
   // sources. If a source value arrives already sealed (e.g. from an internal
@@ -700,29 +1040,44 @@ function sealRow(table, row) {
         "' is AAD-bound (registerTable({aad:true})); the row's identity " +
         "column '" + s.rowIdField + "' must be populated BEFORE sealRow. " +
         "Generate the primary key first (e.g. uuid / sequence INSERT … RETURNING), " +
-        "set row." + s.rowIdField + ", then sealRow.");
+        "set row." + s.rowIdField + ", then sealRow.");   // allow:hand-rolled-sql — error-message prose, not SQL
     }
   }
 
-  // Seal fields. Plain mode: vault.seal (idempotent — already-sealed
-  // values pass through). AAD mode: vault.aad.seal binds the AEAD tag
-  // to (table, rowId, column, schemaVersion) — cross-row copy of a
-  // ciphertext fails Poly1305 on read.
+  // Seal fields. Three shapes:
+  //   - K_row (opts.kRow present): XChaCha20-Poly1305 under the row-
+  //     scoped key, vault.row: prefix, AEAD-bound (table, rowId, column,
+  //     schemaVersion). Crypto-shred: destroying the wrapped row-secret
+  //     leaves these cells undecryptable.
+  //   - AAD mode (registerTable({aad:true})): vault.aad.seal binds the
+  //     tag to (table, rowId, column, schemaVersion) under the vault root.
+  //   - plain mode: vault.seal (idempotent — already-sealed pass through).
   for (var i = 0; i < s.sealedFields.length; i++) {
     var field = s.sealedFields[i];
-    if (out[field] !== undefined && out[field] !== null) {
-      if (s.aad) {
-        // Idempotent: already-AAD-sealed values pass through unchanged.
-        if (typeof out[field] === "string" && vaultAad.isAadSealed(out[field])) {
-          continue;
-        }
-        out[field] = vaultAad.seal(String(out[field]),
-          _aadParts(s, table, field, out));
-      } else {
-        // allow:seal-without-aad — plain-mode legacy table; operator
-        // opts into AAD via registerTable({aad:true})
-        out[field] = vault.seal(String(out[field]));
+    if (out[field] === undefined || out[field] === null) continue;
+    if (kRow && field === residencyCol) continue;   // residency tag stays plaintext
+    if (kRow) {
+      // Idempotent: an already-K_row-sealed value passes through.
+      if (isRowSealed(out[field])) continue;
+      var cellAad = _aadBytes(_rowCellAad(s, table, field, kRowId));
+      // Encode the value type-faithfully (Buffer / object preserved, not
+      // String()-mangled), then UTF-8 to bytes for the AEAD. The typed
+      // encoding of a string / base64 / JSON is pure ASCII-or-UTF8, so the
+      // Buffer.from(str, "utf8") round-trips losslessly.
+      var plainStr = _encodeTyped(out[field]);
+      out[field] = ROW_PREFIX +
+        encryptPacked(Buffer.from(plainStr, "utf8"), kRow, cellAad).toString("base64");
+    } else if (s.aad) {
+      // Idempotent: already-AAD-sealed values pass through unchanged.
+      if (typeof out[field] === "string" && vaultAad.isAadSealed(out[field])) {
+        continue;
       }
+      out[field] = vaultAad.seal(_encodeTyped(out[field]),
+        _aadParts(s, table, field, out));
+    } else {
+      // allow:seal-without-aad — plain-mode legacy table; operator
+      // opts into AAD via registerTable({aad:true})
+      out[field] = vault.seal(_encodeTyped(out[field]));
     }
   }
 
@@ -744,7 +1099,7 @@ function _aadParts(schema, table, column, row) {
 
 /**
  * @primitive b.cryptoField.unsealRow
- * @signature b.cryptoField.unsealRow(table, row, actor?)
+ * @signature b.cryptoField.unsealRow(table, row, actor?, dbHandle?)
  * @since     0.4.0
  * @compliance hipaa, gdpr, pci-dss
  * @related   b.cryptoField.sealRow, b.vault.unseal, b.cryptoField.configureUnsealRateCap
@@ -758,15 +1113,29 @@ function _aadParts(schema, table, column, row) {
  * so downstream code sees "no value" instead of crashing the request.
  * The input row is never mutated.
  *
- * When an unseal-failure rate cap is configured via
- * `configureUnsealRateCap` (default off), repeated forged-ciphertext
- * failures for a single `(actor, table, column)` tuple trip a cooldown:
- * once tripped, this call THROWS `CryptoFieldRateError` and emits a
- * distinct `system.crypto.unseal_rate_exceeded` audit instead of
- * exercising the decryption oracle again (CWE-307). `actor` identifies
- * the caller for that tuple (e.g. session subject / API key id); it
- * defaults to an anonymous bucket when omitted, and is ignored entirely
- * when no cap is configured (full back-compat for the 2-arg call).
+ * `vault.row:`-prefixed cells (per-row-key tables, `declarePerRowKey`)
+ * are decrypted under the row's K_row: a `dbHandle` (the db-query layer
+ * passes `this._db`) is used to fetch the row's wrapped secret from
+ * `_blamejs_per_row_keys`, unwrap it, and derive K_row once per call.
+ * When a caller passes no `dbHandle` (e.g. `b.breakGlass.unsealRow`,
+ * which reads the row via clusterStorage), the framework's local db is
+ * resolved automatically — the wrapped secret always lives in the local
+ * `_blamejs_per_row_keys`, so keyed reads work on every path.
+ * A missing wrapped row (crypto-shredded by `eraseHard` / `retention`)
+ * makes the unwrap throw → the field nulls + `system.crypto.unseal_failed`
+ * fires, which is correct: shredded data reads as absent.
+ *
+ * The unseal-failure rate cap is ON BY DEFAULT (default-on, v0.15.0):
+ * repeated forged-ciphertext failures for a single `(actor, table,
+ * column)` tuple trip a cooldown (threshold 10 / 1-minute window /
+ * 5-minute cooldown out of the box; tune or disable via
+ * `configureUnsealRateCap`). Once tripped, this call THROWS
+ * `CryptoFieldRateError` and emits a distinct
+ * `system.crypto.unseal_rate_exceeded` audit instead of exercising the
+ * decryption oracle again (CWE-307). `actor` identifies the caller for
+ * that tuple (e.g. session subject / API key id); it defaults to an
+ * anonymous bucket when omitted, and is ignored entirely when the cap is
+ * disabled (full back-compat for the 2-arg call).
  *
  * @example
  *   b.cryptoField.registerTable("patients", { sealedFields: ["ssn"] });
@@ -774,7 +1143,7 @@ function _aadParts(schema, table, column, row) {
  *   var clear  = b.cryptoField.unsealRow("patients", sealed);
  *   clear.ssn;   // → "123-45-6789"
  */
-function unsealRow(table, row, actor) {
+function unsealRow(table, row, actor, dbHandle) {
   if (!row) return row;
   var s = schemas[table];
   if (!s || s.sealedFields.length === 0) return row;
@@ -782,15 +1151,65 @@ function unsealRow(table, row, actor) {
   var capActor = (actor === undefined || actor === null || String(actor).length === 0)
     ? "_anon" : String(actor);
 
+  // Lazy K_row: derive at most once per unsealRow call, only if a cell
+  // actually carries the vault.row: prefix. Cached across fields (and
+  // the failure case is cached too, so a shredded row doesn't re-query
+  // _blamejs_per_row_keys for every sealed column). The row identity for
+  // both the cell AAD and the wrapped-secret lookup is the row's _id —
+  // the same value the seal side (write boundary) passed as rowId and
+  // that destroyPerRowKey / eraseHard delete on.
+  var kRowId = out._id != null ? String(out._id) : "";
+  var keyedTable = hasPerRowKey(table);
+  var _kRowCache;            // undefined = not yet derived; null = derive failed
+  function _kRowOnce() {
+    if (_kRowCache !== undefined) return _kRowCache;
+    _kRowCache = null;
+    if (!keyedTable || kRowId.length === 0) return null;
+    // Resolve a prepared-statement source for the wrapped-secret lookup.
+    // Prefer the caller's dbHandle (the db-query read layer threads it on
+    // first()/all()/stream()); otherwise resolve the framework's local
+    // db ourselves. A DIRECT caller — e.g. b.breakGlass.unsealRow, which
+    // fetches the target row via clusterStorage and calls unsealRow with
+    // no handle — would otherwise null every K_row cell on a keyed table
+    // even though the wrapped secret still exists. The secret always
+    // lives in the local _blamejs_per_row_keys, so keyed reads must work
+    // on every path, not only db-query's. Any failure (db not yet
+    // initialized, unusable handle) → null, and the field reads as absent
+    // exactly as a shredded row would (the caller audits it).
+    var spec = perRowKeyTables[table];
+    var wrap;
+    try {
+      var prep = (dbHandle && typeof dbHandle.prepare === "function")
+        ? dbHandle.prepare.bind(dbHandle)
+        : db().prepare;
+      var wrapSelBuilt = sql.select(_perRowKeysTableName(), _PER_ROW_SQL_OPTS)
+        .columns(["wrappedKey"])
+        .where("tableName", table)
+        .where("rowId", kRowId)
+        .toSql();
+      var wrapStmt = prep(wrapSelBuilt.sql);
+      wrap = wrapStmt.get.apply(wrapStmt, wrapSelBuilt.params);
+    } catch (_e) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (!wrap || wrap.wrappedKey == null) return null;   // shredded / never materialized
+    _kRowCache = _deriveKRow(_unwrapRowSecret(wrap.wrappedKey, kRowId), table, kRowId, spec);
+    return _kRowCache;
+  }
+
   for (var i = 0; i < s.sealedFields.length; i++) {
     var field = s.sealedFields[i];
     if (out[field]) {
-      // Opt-in cap: if this (actor, table, column) tuple is in cooldown
+      // Per-cell envelope shape for audit metadata (operators write alert
+      // rules off it): "row" = K_row cell, "aad" = vault.aad: cell on an
+      // AAD table, "plain" otherwise.
+      var shape = isRowSealed(out[field]) ? "row" : (s.aad ? "aad" : "plain");
+      // Default-on cap: if this (actor, table, column) tuple is in cooldown
       // from prior forged-ciphertext failures, refuse before touching the
       // decryption oracle again (CWE-307). No-op when the cap is disabled.
       if (_rateInCooldown(capActor, table, field)) {
         _emitRateAudit({
-          table: table, field: field, actor: capActor, shape: s.aad ? "aad" : "plain",
+          table: table, field: field, actor: capActor, shape: shape,
           threshold: _rateCap.threshold, windowMs: _rateCap.windowMs, cooldownMs: _rateCap.cooldownMs,
         });
         throw new CryptoFieldRateError("crypto-field/unseal-rate-exceeded",
@@ -802,11 +1221,26 @@ function unsealRow(table, row, actor) {
         // Auto-detect the envelope shape so an AAD-bound table that
         // contains pre-migration plain-vault rows still reads. Read-
         // side migration is lazy; the next sealRow re-emits AAD-bound.
-        if (typeof out[field] === "string" && vaultAad.isAadSealed(out[field])) {
-          unsealed = vaultAad.unseal(out[field],
-            _aadParts(s, table, field, out));
+        if (typeof out[field] === "string" && isRowSealed(out[field])) {
+          // Per-row-key cell: derive K_row (lazy, once), then decrypt
+          // under it with the (table, rowId, column, schemaVersion) AAD.
+          // A null K_row means the wrapped secret is gone (shredded) or
+          // unreadable — throw so the catch nulls the field + audits.
+          var kRow = _kRowOnce();
+          if (!kRow) {
+            throw new CryptoFieldError("crypto-field/row-key-unavailable",
+              "unsealRow: per-row key for '" + table + "' row '" + kRowId +
+              "' is unavailable (shredded or never materialized)");
+          }
+          var cellAad = _aadBytes(_rowCellAad(s, table, field, kRowId));
+          unsealed = _decodeTyped(decryptPacked(
+            Buffer.from(out[field].slice(ROW_PREFIX.length), "base64"), kRow, cellAad
+          ).toString("utf8"));
+        } else if (typeof out[field] === "string" && vaultAad.isAadSealed(out[field])) {
+          unsealed = _decodeTyped(vaultAad.unseal(out[field],
+            _aadParts(s, table, field, out)));
         } else if (typeof out[field] === "string" && out[field].startsWith(VAULT_PREFIX)) {
-          unsealed = vault.unseal(out[field]);
+          unsealed = _decodeTyped(vault.unseal(out[field]));
         } else {
           // Not a sealed value — pass through.
           unsealed = out[field];
@@ -829,18 +1263,18 @@ function unsealRow(table, row, actor) {
               table:   table,
               field:   field,
               rowId:   out[s.rowIdField] || out._id || null,
-              shape:   s.aad ? "aad" : "plain",
+              shape:   shape,
               reason:  (e && e.message) || String(e),
             },
           });
         } catch (_e) { /* drop-silent */ }
-        // Opt-in rate cap: account this failure against the (actor,
+        // Default-on rate cap: account this failure against the (actor,
         // table, column) tuple. When it trips the threshold, arm the
         // cooldown + emit the distinct rate-exceeded audit once on the
         // transition. No-op when the cap is disabled.
         if (_rateNoteFailure(capActor, table, field)) {
           _emitRateAudit({
-            table: table, field: field, actor: capActor, shape: s.aad ? "aad" : "plain",
+            table: table, field: field, actor: capActor, shape: shape,
             threshold: _rateCap.threshold, windowMs: _rateCap.windowMs, cooldownMs: _rateCap.cooldownMs,
           });
         }
@@ -857,9 +1291,100 @@ function unsealRow(table, row, actor) {
     }
   }
 
+  // Upgrade-on-read auto-migrate for the keyed-MAC derived-hash default
+  // flip (v0.15.0). A row written BEFORE the default moved from salted-sha3
+  // to hmac-shake256 carries the legacy salted digest in its derived-hash
+  // column; a keyed-only lookup would miss it (the dual-read in
+  // lookupHashCandidates is what FINDS it). When such a row is unsealed and
+  // we now hold the source plaintext, recompute the keyed-MAC digest and, if
+  // the stored column still holds the legacy salted-sha3 value, re-write that
+  // column to the keyed form so the row is keyed-indexed from now on and the
+  // candidate set collapses back to a single value over time. Best-effort:
+  // the returned row always carries the upgraded hash; the durable rewrite
+  // happens only when a writable dbHandle is available + the row has an _id.
+  _upgradeDerivedHashesOnRead(s, table, out, dbHandle);
+
   return out;
 }
 
+// Re-hash any legacy-salted derived-hash columns on a just-unsealed row to
+// the active keyed-MAC form. Pure-detect + in-place upgrade on the returned
+// `out` object; when `dbHandle` exposes a writable .prepare(), the upgrade is
+// also persisted with one UPDATE per row keyed on `_id`. Never throws — a
+// failed durable rewrite leaves the row matchable via the legacy digest (the
+// dual-read still finds it next time).
+function _upgradeDerivedHashesOnRead(s, table, out, dbHandle) {
+  if (!s.derivedHashes) return;
+  var rowId = out._id != null ? String(out._id) : "";
+  var upgrades = null;   // { derivedField: keyedValue } to persist
+  for (var derivedField in s.derivedHashes) {
+    if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s.derivedHashes, derivedField)) continue;
+    var spec = s.derivedHashes[derivedField];
+    // Only the keyed-MAC mode has a distinct legacy form to migrate from.
+    if (_resolveDerivedHashMode(spec, s.derivedHashMode) !== "hmac-shake256") continue;
+    var stored = out[derivedField];
+    if (typeof stored !== "string" || stored.length === 0) continue;
+    var plain = out[spec.from];
+    if (plain === undefined || plain === null) continue;   // source erased / absent — nothing to re-hash
+    var ns = namespaceFor(table, spec.from, s.hashNamespaces);
+    var normalized = spec.normalize ? spec.normalize(plain) : String(plain);
+    var keyed  = _computeDerivedHash(spec, s.derivedHashMode, ns, normalized);
+    if (stored === keyed) continue;                         // already keyed-indexed
+    var legacy = _legacyDerivedHash(ns, normalized);
+    if (stored !== legacy) continue;                        // not the legacy digest — leave untouched
+    // Found a legacy-indexed row: surface the keyed hash on the returned row
+    // and queue the durable rewrite.
+    out[derivedField] = keyed;
+    if (!upgrades) upgrades = {};
+    upgrades[derivedField] = keyed;
+  }
+  if (!upgrades) return;
+  // Persist when we can resolve a writable local handle + have a row identity.
+  // The derived-hash columns + the app table live on the LOCAL db (the same
+  // handle the per-row-key registry uses); the rewrite is a plain UPDATE.
+  if (rowId.length === 0) return;
+  var handle = (dbHandle && typeof dbHandle.prepare === "function")
+    ? dbHandle
+    : _resolveLocalDbHandle();
+  if (!handle) return;
+  try {
+    // The rewrite runs on whatever handle resolved the read. The local b.db is
+    // node:sqlite; a caller-supplied external handle declares its dialect on
+    // handle.dialect ("postgres" | "mysql"), so the UPDATE must quote
+    // identifiers for THAT dialect — a sqlite-quoted UPDATE ("users") is parsed
+    // as a string literal by MySQL (which expects `users`) and the durable
+    // re-hash silently no-ops. Resolve the dialect the way db-query._dialect()
+    // does (validated set, sqlite default).
+    var handleDialect = (handle.dialect === "postgres" || handle.dialect === "mysql" ||
+      handle.dialect === "sqlite") ? handle.dialect : "sqlite";
+    var updBuilt = sql.update(table, { dialect: handleDialect, quoteName: true })
+      .set(upgrades)
+      .where("_id", rowId)
+      .toSql();
+    var stmt = handle.prepare(updBuilt.sql);
+    stmt.run.apply(stmt, updBuilt.params);
+  } catch (_e) {
+    // Best-effort — DB not initialized, read-only handle, or the app table
+    // isn't on this handle (cluster mode where the row came from the external
+    // backend). The returned row still carries the upgraded hash; the legacy
+    // digest stays matchable via lookupHashCandidates until a writable read
+    // path re-hashes it.
+  }
+}
+
+// Resolve the framework's local db handle for the upgrade-on-read rewrite.
+// Mirrors the K_row read path's fallback: prefer an explicit dbHandle, else
+// the framework's own db(). Returns null when no .prepare()-capable handle
+// is reachable (db not initialized yet) so the caller skips the durable write.
+function _resolveLocalDbHandle() {
+  try {
+    var inst = db();
+    return (inst && typeof inst.prepare === "function") ? inst : null;
+  } catch (_e) {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
 // ---- Erasure (GDPR Art. 17 / "right to be forgotten") ----
 //
 // eraseRow(table, row) returns a tombstoned copy of the row: every
@@ -994,6 +1519,16 @@ function eraseRow(table, row) {
  * every encryption uses a fresh random nonce, so the ciphertext alone
  * cannot anchor a query.
  *
+ * `value` is the digest under the column's ACTIVE mode (keyed-MAC by
+ * default since v0.15.0; salted-sha3 when opted out), so existing callers
+ * that emit `where(result.field, result.value)` are unchanged. When the
+ * active mode is the keyed MAC, the result ALSO carries `legacyValue` — the
+ * byte-form a row written under the pre-v0.15.0 salted-sha3 default would
+ * hold. Callers that can issue a match-EITHER query (or that prefer the
+ * ready-made candidate list) use `b.cryptoField.lookupHashCandidates`; the
+ * upgrade-on-read auto-migrate in `unsealRow` re-hashes any row found via
+ * the legacy digest to the keyed-MAC form.
+ *
  * @example
  *   b.cryptoField.registerTable("users", {
  *     sealedFields: ["email"],
@@ -1011,14 +1546,52 @@ function lookupHash(table, field, value) {
   for (var derivedField in s.derivedHashes) {
     var spec = s.derivedHashes[derivedField];
     if (spec.from === field) {
-      var ns = namespaceFor(table, field, s.hashNamespaces);
-      var normalized = spec.normalize ? spec.normalize(value) : String(value);
-      return { field: derivedField, value: _computeDerivedHash(spec, s.derivedHashMode, ns, normalized) };
+      return _derivedHashResult(s, table, derivedField, spec, field, value);
     }
   }
   return null;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @primitive b.cryptoField.lookupHashCandidates
+ * @signature b.cryptoField.lookupHashCandidates(table, field, value)
+ * @since     0.15.0
+ * @compliance gdpr, hipaa
+ * @related   b.cryptoField.lookupHash, b.cryptoField.unsealRow
+ *
+ * Dual-read sibling of `lookupHash`. Returns `{ field, values }` where
+ * `values` is the list of derived-hash digests that should ALL be treated
+ * as a match for `value` — the digest under the column's active mode FIRST,
+ * plus (when the active mode is the keyed MAC) the pre-v0.15.0 salted-sha3
+ * digest a row written under the old default would carry. A caller that can
+ * issue an `IN (…)` / `OR` equality over `field` finds both the new
+ * keyed-indexed rows and the legacy salted-indexed rows in one query, so the
+ * keyed-MAC default flip never silently drops pre-flip rows. Returns null
+ * when no derived hash is declared for `field`.
+ *
+ * Pair it with the upgrade-on-read auto-migrate: `unsealRow` re-hashes any
+ * row whose stored derived-hash matches the legacy digest to the keyed-MAC
+ * form, so the candidate list shrinks back to a single value as rows are
+ * read over time.
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   b.cryptoField.registerTable("users", {
+ *     sealedFields:  ["email"],
+ *     derivedHashes: { emailHash: { from: "email" } },
+ *   });
+ *   var c = b.cryptoField.lookupHashCandidates("users", "email", "alice@example.com");
+ *   c.field;            // → "emailHash"
+ *   c.values.length;    // → 2  (keyed-MAC + legacy salted-sha3)
+ *   // → b.db.from("users").where(c.field, "IN", c.values)
+ */
+function lookupHashCandidates(table, field, value) {
+  var r = lookupHash(table, field, value);
+  if (!r) return null;
+  var values = [r.value];
+  if (r.legacyValue && r.legacyValue !== r.value) values.push(r.legacyValue);
+  return { field: r.field, values: values };
+}
+
 /**
  * @primitive b.cryptoField.declareColumnResidency
  * @signature b.cryptoField.declareColumnResidency(table, opts)
@@ -1105,7 +1678,7 @@ function getColumnResidency(table) {
  * @signature b.cryptoField.assertColumnResidency(table, row, args)
  * @since     0.7.27
  * @compliance gdpr
- * @related   b.cryptoField.declareColumnResidency
+ * @related   b.cryptoField.declareColumnResidency, b.cryptoField.declarePerRowResidency
  *
  * Storage-write gate. Storage backends call this with the proposed
  * row before the SQL hits the wire; refusal under regulated postures
@@ -1161,6 +1734,137 @@ function assertColumnResidency(table, row, args) {
   return null;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @primitive b.cryptoField.declarePerRowResidency
+ * @signature b.cryptoField.declarePerRowResidency(table, opts)
+ * @since     0.14.24
+ * @compliance gdpr
+ * @related   b.cryptoField.getPerRowResidency, b.cryptoField.declareColumnResidency
+ *
+ * Declares per-ROW data residency for `table`: one plaintext column on
+ * each row carries that row's residency tag, and the write gates
+ * refuse a tagged row landing on an incompatible backend. The sibling
+ * of `declareColumnResidency` — columns answer "which fields are
+ * region-bound", rows answer "which region does THIS record belong
+ * to" (an EU user's row next to a US user's row in the same table).
+ * Local writes (`b.db.from(...).insertOne` / `.update`) enforce the
+ * tag against the deployment's `dataResidency` region set under
+ * cross-border regulated postures; external writes
+ * (`b.externalDb.query`) take the tag per call via
+ * `opts.rowResidencyTag` because raw SQL carries no row object. Rows
+ * tagged "global" or "unrestricted" pass any backend. Throws on bad
+ * input (config-time fail-loud).
+ *
+ * @opts
+ *   residencyColumn: string,    // plaintext column carrying the row's tag
+ *   allowedTags:     string[],  // whitelist of valid tag values ("eu", "us", "global", region names)
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   b.cryptoField.declarePerRowResidency("users", {
+ *     residencyColumn: "dataRegion",
+ *     allowedTags:     ["eu-west-1", "us-east-1", "global"],
+ *   });
+ *   var spec = b.cryptoField.getPerRowResidency("users");
+ *   spec.residencyColumn;   // → "dataRegion"
+ */
+function declarePerRowResidency(table, opts) {
+  validateOpts.requireNonEmptyString(table, "declarePerRowResidency: table",
+    CryptoFieldError, "crypto-field/per-row-residency-table-empty");
+  validateOpts.requireObject(opts, "declarePerRowResidency",
+    CryptoFieldError, "crypto-field/per-row-residency-opts-not-object");
+  validateOpts(opts, ["residencyColumn", "allowedTags"], "cryptoField.declarePerRowResidency");
+  validateOpts.requireNonEmptyString(opts.residencyColumn,
+    "declarePerRowResidency: opts.residencyColumn",
+    CryptoFieldError, "crypto-field/per-row-residency-column-invalid");
+  if (!Array.isArray(opts.allowedTags) || opts.allowedTags.length === 0) {
+    throw new CryptoFieldError("crypto-field/per-row-residency-tags-invalid",
+      "declarePerRowResidency: opts.allowedTags must be a non-empty array of tag strings");
+  }
+  validateOpts.optionalNonEmptyStringArray(opts.allowedTags,
+    "declarePerRowResidency: opts.allowedTags",
+    CryptoFieldError, "crypto-field/per-row-residency-tag-empty");
+  // The residency tag column MUST stay plaintext — the write gate reads
+  // it on every INSERT / UPDATE before sealRow, and reads return it
+  // verbatim. A sealed residency column would be ciphertext the gate
+  // can't compare and reads can't surface. Refuse the misconfiguration
+  // at declaration time when the table's sealed-field set is already
+  // known (registration order permitting).
+  var sealed = getSealedFields(table);
+  if (Array.isArray(sealed) && sealed.indexOf(opts.residencyColumn) !== -1) {
+    throw new CryptoFieldError("crypto-field/per-row-residency-sealed-conflict",
+      "declarePerRowResidency: residencyColumn '" + opts.residencyColumn +
+      "' is a sealed field on table '" + table + "' — the residency tag must " +
+      "stay plaintext so the write gate can read it. Choose a non-sealed column");
+  }
+  perRowResidency[table] = {
+    residencyColumn: opts.residencyColumn,
+    allowedTags:     opts.allowedTags.slice(),
+  };
+  return {
+    table:           table,
+    residencyColumn: opts.residencyColumn,
+    allowedTags:     opts.allowedTags.slice(),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @primitive b.cryptoField.getPerRowResidency
+ * @signature b.cryptoField.getPerRowResidency(table)
+ * @since     0.14.24
+ * @related   b.cryptoField.declarePerRowResidency
+ *
+ * Returns the per-row residency spec declared for `table`
+ * (`{ residencyColumn, allowedTags }`), or null when the table has no
+ * declaration. Read-only — storage backends call this at the write
+ * boundary to decide whether the row-residency gate applies.
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   b.cryptoField.declarePerRowResidency("users", {
+ *     residencyColumn: "dataRegion",
+ *     allowedTags:     ["eu-west-1", "global"],
+ *   });
+ *   b.cryptoField.getPerRowResidency("users").allowedTags;   // → ["eu-west-1", "global"]
+ *   b.cryptoField.getPerRowResidency("unknown");             // → null
+ */
+function getPerRowResidency(table) {
+  var spec = perRowResidency[table];
+  if (!spec) return null;
+  return { residencyColumn: spec.residencyColumn, allowedTags: spec.allowedTags.slice() };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @primitive b.cryptoField.listPerRowResidency
+ * @signature b.cryptoField.listPerRowResidency()
+ * @since     0.15.4
+ * @related   b.cryptoField.getPerRowResidency, b.cryptoField.declarePerRowResidency
+ *
+ * Enumerate every table opted into per-row residency. Returns one entry per
+ * declared table — `{ table, residencyColumn, allowedTags }` — where
+ * `allowedTags` lists the regions that table's rows may be tagged to.
+ * Read-only. Consumers that must reason about residency across the whole
+ * deployment rather than one table use this: `b.backup.create` enumerates it
+ * to surface the per-row cross-border regions a deployment-level region
+ * compare is blind to.
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   b.cryptoField.declarePerRowResidency("residents", {
+ *     residencyColumn: "region",
+ *     allowedTags:     ["eu-west-1", "us-east-1"],
+ *   });
+ *   b.cryptoField.listPerRowResidency();
+ *   // → [ { table: "residents", residencyColumn: "region",
+ *   //       allowedTags: ["eu-west-1", "us-east-1"] } ]
+ */
+function listPerRowResidency() {
+  return Object.keys(perRowResidency).map(function (t) {
+    return {
+      table:           t,
+      residencyColumn: perRowResidency[t].residencyColumn,
+      allowedTags:     perRowResidency[t].allowedTags.slice(),
+    };
+  });
+}
+
 /**
  * @primitive b.cryptoField.declarePerRowKey
  * @signature b.cryptoField.declarePerRowKey(table, opts)
@@ -1169,13 +1873,16 @@ function assertColumnResidency(table, row, args) {
  * @related   b.cryptoField.materializePerRowKey, b.cryptoField.destroyPerRowKey, b.subject.eraseHard
  *
  * Opts a table into per-row keying (K_row crypto-shred substrate).
- * After registration, every INSERT generates a fresh K_row and stores
- * it sealed in `_blamejs_per_row_keys (table, rowId, wrapped)`. AAD on
- * the K_row binds (table, rowId, info-label) — copy-row attacks fail
- * Poly1305 verification. `b.subject.eraseHard(subjectId)` deletes the
- * per-row key entries for the subject's rows; WAL / replica residual
- * ciphertext becomes mathematically undecryptable because K_row is
- * gone everywhere it ever lived. Throws on bad input (config-time
+ * After registration, every INSERT generates a fresh 32-byte CSPRNG
+ * row-secret, derives K_row from it, and stores the SECRET (never
+ * K_row) AAD-sealed in `_blamejs_per_row_keys (tableName, rowId,
+ * wrappedKey)`. AAD on the wrap binds (table, rowId, column,
+ * schemaVersion) — a wrapped secret copied to a different row fails
+ * Poly1305 verification. `b.subject.eraseHard(subjectId)` /
+ * `b.retention` destroy the per-row entries for the subject's rows; WAL
+ * / replica residual ciphertext becomes mathematically undecryptable
+ * because the random row-secret — the only seed for K_row — is gone
+ * everywhere it ever lived. Throws on bad input (config-time
  * fail-loud).
  *
  * @opts
@@ -1237,15 +1944,22 @@ function hasPerRowKey(table) {
  * @compliance gdpr, hipaa
  * @related   b.cryptoField.declarePerRowKey, b.cryptoField.destroyPerRowKey
  *
- * Derive-and-store: called by the storage backend on INSERT. Generates
- * `K_row = SHAKE256(vaultSalt + table + rowId + info, keySize)`, seals
- * it via `vault.seal`, and inserts into `_blamejs_per_row_keys`.
- * Returns the unwrapped K_row Buffer for the caller to use to encrypt
- * sealed columns under the row-scoped key. Idempotent on UPSERT — if
- * a K_row already exists for (table, rowId), returns the unwrapped
- * existing key. The AAD-bound envelope rejects copy-row attacks: a
- * wrapped K_row pasted under a different rowId fails Poly1305
- * verification at unseal time.
+ * Derive-and-store: called by the storage backend on INSERT (the
+ * db-query write boundary, gated on `hasPerRowKey`). Generates a fresh
+ * 32-byte CSPRNG row-secret, derives
+ * `K_row = SHAKE256(rowSecret || ":" || table || ":" || rowId || ":"
+ * || info, keySize)`, AAD-seals the SECRET (base64) into
+ * `_blamejs_per_row_keys.wrappedKey` via `b.vault.aad.seal`, and
+ * returns the unwrapped K_row Buffer for the caller to encrypt sealed
+ * columns under the row-scoped key. The secret is random — never a
+ * function of any on-disk salt — so destroying the wrapped secret
+ * makes K_row unrecoverable even with full disk + vault-root access.
+ * Idempotent on UPSERT — if a secret already exists for (table,
+ * rowId), unwraps it and re-derives the same K_row. The AAD-bound wrap
+ * rejects copy-row attacks: a wrapped secret pasted under a different
+ * rowId fails Poly1305 verification at unseal time. `dbHandle` is a
+ * b.db handle (`.prepare`); rowId MUST be the row's `_id` (the value
+ * `destroyPerRowKey` / `b.subject.eraseHard` delete on).
  *
  * @example
  *   b.cryptoField.declarePerRowKey("orders", { keySize: 32 });
@@ -1265,30 +1979,66 @@ function materializePerRowKey(table, rowId, dbHandle) {
     throw new CryptoFieldError("crypto-field/materialize-per-row-key-no-db",
       "materializePerRowKey: dbHandle (b.db) is required");
   }
-  // Existing key? Re-use to support idempotent UPSERTs.
-  var existing = dbHandle.prepare(
-    'SELECT wrappedKey FROM "_blamejs_per_row_keys" WHERE tableName = ? AND rowId = ?'
-  ).get(table, rowId);
+  var ridStr = String(rowId);
+  // Existing secret? Unwrap + re-derive to support idempotent UPSERTs.
+  var existingSelBuilt = sql.select(_perRowKeysTableName(), _PER_ROW_SQL_OPTS)
+    .columns(["wrappedKey"])
+    .where("tableName", table)
+    .where("rowId", ridStr)
+    .toSql();
+  var existingStmt = dbHandle.prepare(existingSelBuilt.sql);
+  var existing = existingStmt.get.apply(existingStmt, existingSelBuilt.params);
   if (existing) {
-    return vault.unseal(existing.wrappedKey);
+    return _deriveKRow(_unwrapRowSecret(existing.wrappedKey, ridStr), table, ridStr, spec);
   }
-  // Derive K_row from the table-level vault key salt + rowId via
-  // SHAKE256 expand. This is a one-shot derivation (HKDF-shaped) that
-  // matches the framework's PQC-first kdf — no HMAC-SHA3 dependency.
-  var saltHex = vault.getDerivedHashSalt().toString("hex");
-  var ikm = Buffer.from(saltHex + ":" + table + ":" + rowId + ":" + spec.info, "utf8");
-  var kRow = kdf(ikm, spec.keySize);
-  // allow:seal-without-aad — per-row K_row wrap; row identity is the
-  // K_row KDF input, not the AEAD AAD on the wrap. Copy-attacks fail
-  // because the wrapped K_row only decrypts data sealed under it.
-  var sealed = vault.seal(kRow.toString("base64"));
-  dbHandle.prepare(
-    'INSERT INTO "_blamejs_per_row_keys" (tableName, rowId, wrappedKey, createdAt) ' +
-    'VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)'
-  ).run(table, rowId, sealed, Date.now());
+  // Fresh random row-secret. CRITICAL: this is CSPRNG, not a function
+  // of any on-disk value (the pre-v0.14.25 design derived K_row from
+  // the plaintext-on-disk derivedHash salt, so an attacker with disk
+  // access re-derived it and deleting the wrap shred nothing). With a
+  // random secret, K_row is unrecoverable once the wrap is destroyed.
+  var rowSecret = generateBytes(32);
+  var kRow = _deriveKRow(rowSecret, table, ridStr, spec);
+  // Store the SECRET (never K_row), AAD-sealed under the vault root so a
+  // wrapped secret copied to a different (table, rowId) fails Poly1305.
+  var sealed = vaultAad.seal(rowSecret.toString("base64"), _wrappedKeyAad(ridStr));
+  // _id is the rotation pipeline's pagination/UPDATE key (the natural
+  // identity is the composite (tableName, rowId)). A fresh token keeps
+  // it unique per registry row.
+  var insBuilt = sql.insert(_perRowKeysTableName(), _PER_ROW_SQL_OPTS)
+    .values({
+      _id:        generateToken(16),
+      tableName:  table,
+      rowId:      ridStr,
+      wrappedKey: sealed,
+      createdAt:  Date.now(),
+    })
+    .toSql();
+  var insStmt = dbHandle.prepare(insBuilt.sql);
+  insStmt.run.apply(insStmt, insBuilt.params);
   return kRow;
 }
 
+// Derive the row-scoped key from the random row-secret. SHAKE256 expand
+// (HKDF-shaped, matches the framework's PQC-first kdf) over
+// rowSecret || ":" || table || ":" || rowId || ":" || info — the
+// non-secret context terms domain-separate two rows that (astronomically
+// improbably) drew the same secret; the secret is the entropy source.
+function _deriveKRow(rowSecret, table, rowId, spec) {
+  var ikm = Buffer.concat([
+    rowSecret,
+    Buffer.from(":" + table + ":" + rowId + ":" + spec.info, "utf8"),
+  ]);
+  return kdf(ikm, spec.keySize);
+}
+
+// Unwrap a stored row-secret back to its 32 raw bytes. The wrap is
+// AAD-bound to (PER_ROW_KEYS_TABLE, rowId, wrappedKey, schemaVersion);
+// a tampered / copied wrap throws here, which the read path surfaces as
+// system.crypto.unseal_failed (shredded data reads as absent).
+function _unwrapRowSecret(wrapped, rowId) {
+  return Buffer.from(vaultAad.unseal(wrapped, _wrappedKeyAad(rowId)), "base64");
+}
+
 /**
  * @primitive b.cryptoField.destroyPerRowKey
  * @signature b.cryptoField.destroyPerRowKey(table, rowId, dbHandle)
@@ -1296,13 +2046,14 @@ function materializePerRowKey(table, rowId, dbHandle) {
  * @compliance gdpr, hipaa
  * @related   b.cryptoField.materializePerRowKey, b.subject.eraseHard
  *
- * Crypto-shred: drops the per-row K_row entry from
- * `_blamejs_per_row_keys`. Called by `b.subject.eraseHard` for each
- * row mapped to the erased subject. Returns
+ * Crypto-shred: drops the row's wrapped row-secret from
+ * `_blamejs_per_row_keys`. Called by `b.subject.eraseHard` and
+ * `b.retention` for each row mapped to the erased subject. Returns
  * `{ destroyed: <rowsAffected> }`. After destruction, any WAL /
  * replica residual ciphertext for the row is mathematically
- * undecryptable — even with the vault root key — because K_row is
- * gone everywhere it ever lived. No-op when the table is not
+ * undecryptable — even with the vault root key — because the random
+ * row-secret (the only seed for K_row) is gone everywhere it ever
+ * lived. `rowId` MUST be the row's `_id`. No-op when the table is not
  * registered for per-row keying.
  *
  * @example
@@ -1322,9 +2073,12 @@ function destroyPerRowKey(table, rowId, dbHandle) {
     throw new CryptoFieldError("crypto-field/destroy-per-row-key-no-db",
       "destroyPerRowKey: dbHandle (b.db) is required");
   }
-  var result = dbHandle.prepare(
-    'DELETE FROM "_blamejs_per_row_keys" WHERE tableName = ? AND rowId = ?'
-  ).run(table, rowId);
+  var delBuilt = sql.delete(_perRowKeysTableName(), _PER_ROW_SQL_OPTS)
+    .where("tableName", table)
+    .where("rowId", String(rowId))
+    .toSql();
+  var delStmt = dbHandle.prepare(delBuilt.sql);
+  var result = delStmt.run.apply(delStmt, delBuilt.params);
   return { destroyed: (result && result.changes) || 0 };
 }
 
@@ -1336,10 +2090,10 @@ function destroyPerRowKey(table, rowId, dbHandle) {
  * @related   b.cryptoField.declareColumnResidency, b.cryptoField.declarePerRowKey
  *
  * Test-only helper. Drops every entry from the per-column residency
- * registry AND the per-row-key registry so a test fixture can
- * re-declare both between cases. Operator code never calls this —
- * production declarations come from `b.db.init({ schema })` once at
- * boot.
+ * registry, the per-row residency registry, and the per-row-key
+ * registry so a test fixture can re-declare them between cases.
+ * Operator code never calls this — production declarations come from
+ * `b.db.init({ schema })` once at boot.
  *
  * @example
  *   b.cryptoField.declareColumnResidency("users", {
@@ -1351,6 +2105,7 @@ function destroyPerRowKey(table, rowId, dbHandle) {
 function clearResidencyForTest() {
   for (var t in columnResidency) delete columnResidency[t];
   for (var u in perRowKeyTables) delete perRowKeyTables[u];
+  for (var v in perRowResidency) delete perRowResidency[v];
 }
 
 module.exports = {
@@ -1359,6 +2114,7 @@ module.exports = {
   getSealedFields:  getSealedFields,
   sealRow:          sealRow,
   unsealRow:        unsealRow,
+  isRowSealed:      isRowSealed,
   configureUnsealRateCap: configureUnsealRateCap,
   clearRateCapForTest:    clearRateCapForTest,
   CryptoFieldRateError:   CryptoFieldRateError,
@@ -1378,10 +2134,14 @@ module.exports = {
   computeDerived:   computeDerived,
   computeNamespacedHash: computeNamespacedHash,
   lookupHash:       lookupHash,
+  lookupHashCandidates: lookupHashCandidates,
   clearForTest:     clearForTest,
   declareColumnResidency: declareColumnResidency,
   getColumnResidency:     getColumnResidency,
   assertColumnResidency:  assertColumnResidency,
+  declarePerRowResidency: declarePerRowResidency,
+  getPerRowResidency:     getPerRowResidency,
+  listPerRowResidency:    listPerRowResidency,
   declarePerRowKey:       declarePerRowKey,
   hasPerRowKey:           hasPerRowKey,
   materializePerRowKey:   materializePerRowKey,