@bcelep/capint 0.4.2 → 0.7.0

package/skills/cloudflare/references/ddos/README.md

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+# Cloudflare DDoS Protection
+
+Autonomous, always-on protection against DDoS attacks across L3/4 and L7.
+
+## Protection Types
+
+- **HTTP DDoS (L7)**: Protects HTTP/HTTPS traffic, phase `ddos_l7`, zone/account level
+- **Network DDoS (L3/4)**: UDP/SYN/DNS floods, phase `ddos_l4`, account level only
+- **Adaptive DDoS**: Learns 7-day baseline, detects deviations, 4 profile types (Origins, User-Agents, Locations, Protocols)
+
+## Plan Availability
+
+| Feature | Free | Pro | Business | Enterprise | Enterprise Advanced |
+|---------|------|-----|----------|------------|---------------------|
+| HTTP DDoS (L7) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
+| Network DDoS (L3/4) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
+| Override rules | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
+| Custom expressions | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
+| Log action | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
+| Adaptive DDoS | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
+| Alert filters | Basic | Basic | Basic | Advanced | Advanced |
+
+## Actions & Sensitivity
+
+- **Actions**: `block`, `managed_challenge`, `challenge`, `log` (Enterprise Advanced only)
+- **Sensitivity**: `default` (high), `medium`, `low`, `eoff` (essentially off)
+- **Override**: By category/tag or individual rule ID
+- **Scope**: Zone-level overrides take precedence over account-level
+
+## Reading Order
+
+| File | Purpose | Start Here If... |
+|------|---------|------------------|
+| [configuration.md](./configuration.md) | Dashboard setup, rule structure, adaptive profiles | You're setting up DDoS protection for the first time |
+| [api.md](./api.md) | API endpoints, SDK usage, ruleset ID discovery | You're automating configuration or need programmatic access |
+| [patterns.md](./patterns.md) | Protection strategies, defense-in-depth, dynamic response | You need implementation patterns or layered security |
+| [gotchas.md](./gotchas.md) | False positives, tuning, error handling | You're troubleshooting or optimizing existing protection |
+
+## See Also
+- [waf](../waf/) - Application-layer security rules
+- [bot-management](../bot-management/) - Bot detection and mitigation

package/skills/cloudflare/references/ddos/api.md

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+# DDoS API
+
+## Endpoints
+
+### HTTP DDoS (L7)
+
+```typescript
+// Zone-level
+PUT /zones/{zoneId}/rulesets/phases/ddos_l7/entrypoint
+GET /zones/{zoneId}/rulesets/phases/ddos_l7/entrypoint
+
+// Account-level (Enterprise Advanced)
+PUT /accounts/{accountId}/rulesets/phases/ddos_l7/entrypoint
+GET /accounts/{accountId}/rulesets/phases/ddos_l7/entrypoint
+```
+
+### Network DDoS (L3/4)
+
+```typescript
+// Account-level only
+PUT /accounts/{accountId}/rulesets/phases/ddos_l4/entrypoint
+GET /accounts/{accountId}/rulesets/phases/ddos_l4/entrypoint
+```
+
+## TypeScript SDK
+
+**SDK Version**: Requires `cloudflare` >= 3.0.0 for ruleset phase methods.
+
+```typescript
+import Cloudflare from "cloudflare";
+
+const client = new Cloudflare({ apiToken: process.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN });
+
+// STEP 1: Discover managed ruleset ID (required for overrides)
+const allRulesets = await client.rulesets.list({ zone_id: zoneId });
+const ddosRuleset = allRulesets.result.find(
+  (r) => r.kind === "managed" && r.phase === "ddos_l7"
+);
+if (!ddosRuleset) throw new Error("DDoS managed ruleset not found");
+const managedRulesetId = ddosRuleset.id;
+
+// STEP 2: Get current HTTP DDoS configuration
+const entrypointRuleset = await client.zones.rulesets.phases.entrypoint.get("ddos_l7", {
+  zone_id: zoneId,
+});
+
+// STEP 3: Update HTTP DDoS ruleset with overrides
+await client.zones.rulesets.phases.entrypoint.update("ddos_l7", {
+  zone_id: zoneId,
+  rules: [
+    {
+      action: "execute",
+      expression: "true",
+      action_parameters: {
+        id: managedRulesetId, // From discovery step
+        overrides: {
+          sensitivity_level: "medium",
+          action: "managed_challenge",
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+});
+
+// Network DDoS (account level, L3/4)
+const l4Rulesets = await client.rulesets.list({ account_id: accountId });
+const l4DdosRuleset = l4Rulesets.result.find(
+  (r) => r.kind === "managed" && r.phase === "ddos_l4"
+);
+const l4Ruleset = await client.accounts.rulesets.phases.entrypoint.get("ddos_l4", {
+  account_id: accountId,
+});
+```
+
+## Alert Configuration
+
+```typescript
+interface DDoSAlertConfig {
+  name: string;
+  enabled: boolean;
+  alert_type: "http_ddos_attack_alert" | "layer_3_4_ddos_attack_alert" 
+    | "advanced_http_ddos_attack_alert" | "advanced_layer_3_4_ddos_attack_alert";
+  filters?: {
+    zones?: string[];
+    hostnames?: string[];
+    requests_per_second?: number;
+    packets_per_second?: number;
+    megabits_per_second?: number;
+    ip_prefixes?: string[]; // CIDR
+    ip_addresses?: string[];
+    protocols?: string[];
+  };
+  mechanisms: {
+    email?: Array<{ id: string }>;
+    webhooks?: Array<{ id: string }>;
+    pagerduty?: Array<{ id: string }>;
+  };
+}
+
+// Create alert
+await fetch(
+  `https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/${accountId}/alerting/v3/policies`,
+  {
+    method: "POST",
+    headers: {
+      Authorization: `Bearer ${apiToken}`,
+      "Content-Type": "application/json",
+    },
+    body: JSON.stringify(alertConfig),
+  }
+);
+```
+
+## Typed Override Examples
+
+```typescript
+// Override by category
+interface CategoryOverride {
+  action: "execute";
+  expression: string;
+  action_parameters: {
+    id: string;
+    overrides: {
+      categories?: Array<{
+        category: "http-flood" | "http-anomaly" | "udp-flood" | "syn-flood";
+        sensitivity_level?: "default" | "medium" | "low" | "eoff";
+        action?: "block" | "managed_challenge" | "challenge" | "log";
+      }>;
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+// Override by rule ID
+interface RuleOverride {
+  action: "execute";
+  expression: string;
+  action_parameters: {
+    id: string;
+    overrides: {
+      rules?: Array<{
+        id: string;
+        action?: "block" | "managed_challenge" | "challenge" | "log";
+        sensitivity_level?: "default" | "medium" | "low" | "eoff";
+      }>;
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+// Example: Override specific adaptive rule
+const adaptiveOverride: RuleOverride = {
+  action: "execute",
+  expression: "true",
+  action_parameters: {
+    id: managedRulesetId,
+    overrides: {
+      rules: [
+        { id: "...adaptive-origins-rule-id...", sensitivity_level: "low" },
+      ],
+    },
+  },
+};
+```
+
+See [patterns.md](./patterns.md) for complete implementation patterns.

package/skills/cloudflare/references/ddos/configuration.md

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+# DDoS Configuration
+
+## Dashboard Setup
+
+1. Navigate to Security > DDoS
+2. Select HTTP DDoS or Network-layer DDoS
+3. Configure sensitivity & action per ruleset/category/rule
+4. Apply overrides with optional expressions (Enterprise Advanced)
+5. Enable Adaptive DDoS toggle (Enterprise/Enterprise Advanced, requires 7 days traffic history)
+
+## Rule Structure
+
+```typescript
+interface DDoSOverride {
+  description: string;
+  rules: Array<{
+    action: "execute";
+    expression: string; // Custom expression (Enterprise Advanced) or "true" for all
+    action_parameters: {
+      id: string; // Managed ruleset ID (discover via api.md)
+      overrides: {
+        sensitivity_level?: "default" | "medium" | "low" | "eoff";
+        action?: "block" | "managed_challenge" | "challenge" | "log"; // log = Enterprise Advanced only
+        categories?: Array<{
+          category: string; // e.g., "http-flood", "udp-flood"
+          sensitivity_level?: string;
+        }>;
+        rules?: Array<{
+          id: string;
+          action?: string;
+          sensitivity_level?: string;
+        }>;
+      };
+    };
+  }>;
+}
+```
+
+## Expression Availability
+
+| Plan | Custom Expressions | Example |
+|------|-------------------|---------|
+| Free/Pro/Business | ✗ | Use `"true"` only |
+| Enterprise | ✗ | Use `"true"` only |
+| Enterprise Advanced | ✓ | `ip.src in {...}`, `http.request.uri.path matches "..."` |
+
+## Sensitivity Mapping
+
+| UI | API | Threshold |
+|----|-----|-----------|
+| High | `default` | Most aggressive |
+| Medium | `medium` | Balanced |
+| Low | `low` | Less aggressive |
+| Essentially Off | `eoff` | Minimal mitigation |
+
+## Common Categories
+
+- `http-flood`, `http-anomaly` (L7)
+- `udp-flood`, `syn-flood`, `dns-flood` (L3/4)
+
+## Override Precedence
+
+Multiple override layers apply in this order (higher precedence wins):
+
+```
+Zone-level > Account-level
+Individual Rule > Category > Global sensitivity/action
+```
+
+**Example**: Zone rule for `/api/*` overrides account-level global settings.
+
+## Adaptive DDoS Profiles
+
+**Availability**: Enterprise, Enterprise Advanced  
+**Learning period**: 7 days of traffic history required
+
+| Profile Type | Description | Detects |
+|--------------|-------------|---------|
+| **Origins** | Traffic patterns per origin server | Anomalous requests to specific origins |
+| **User-Agents** | Traffic patterns per User-Agent | Malicious/anomalous user agent strings |
+| **Locations** | Traffic patterns per geo-location | Attacks from specific countries/regions |
+| **Protocols** | Traffic patterns per protocol (L3/4) | Protocol-specific flood attacks |
+
+Configure by targeting specific adaptive rule IDs via API (see api.md#typed-override-examples).
+
+## Alerting
+
+Configure via Notifications:
+- Alert types: `http_ddos_attack_alert`, `layer_3_4_ddos_attack_alert`, `advanced_*` variants
+- Filters: zones, hostnames, RPS/PPS/Mbps thresholds, IPs, protocols
+- Mechanisms: email, webhooks, PagerDuty
+
+See [api.md](./api.md#alert-configuration) for API examples.

package/skills/cloudflare/references/ddos/gotchas.md

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+# DDoS Gotchas
+
+## Common Errors
+
+### "False positives blocking legitimate traffic"
+
+**Cause**: Sensitivity too high, wrong action, or missing exceptions  
+**Solution**:
+1. Lower sensitivity for specific rule/category
+2. Use `log` action first to validate (Enterprise Advanced)
+3. Add exception with custom expression (e.g., allowlist IPs)
+4. Query flagged requests via GraphQL Analytics API to identify patterns
+
+### "Attacks getting through"
+
+**Cause**: Sensitivity too low or wrong action  
+**Solution**: Increase to `default` sensitivity and use `block` action:
+```typescript
+const config = {
+  rules: [{
+    expression: "true",
+    action: "execute",
+    action_parameters: { id: managedRulesetId, overrides: { sensitivity_level: "default", action: "block" } },
+  }],
+};
+```
+
+### "Adaptive rules not working"
+
+**Cause**: Insufficient traffic history (needs 7 days)  
+**Solution**: Wait for baseline to establish, check dashboard for adaptive rule status
+
+### "Zone override ignored"
+
+**Cause**: Account overrides conflict with zone overrides  
+**Solution**: Configure at zone level OR remove zone overrides to use account-level
+
+### "Log action not available"
+
+**Cause**: Not on Enterprise Advanced DDoS plan  
+**Solution**: Use `managed_challenge` with low sensitivity for testing
+
+### "Rule limit exceeded"
+
+**Cause**: Too many override rules (Free/Pro/Business: 1, Enterprise Advanced: 10)  
+**Solution**: Combine conditions in single expression using `and`/`or`
+
+### "Cannot override rule"
+
+**Cause**: Rule is read-only  
+**Solution**: Check API response for read-only indicator, use different rule
+
+### "Cannot disable DDoS protection"
+
+**Cause**: DDoS managed rulesets cannot be fully disabled (always-on protection)  
+**Solution**: Set `sensitivity_level: "eoff"` for minimal mitigation
+
+### "Expression not allowed"
+
+**Cause**: Custom expressions require Enterprise Advanced plan  
+**Solution**: Use `expression: "true"` for all traffic, or upgrade plan
+
+### "Managed ruleset not found"
+
+**Cause**: Zone/account doesn't have DDoS managed ruleset, or incorrect phase  
+**Solution**: Verify ruleset exists via `client.rulesets.list()`, check phase name (`ddos_l7` or `ddos_l4`)
+
+## API Error Codes
+
+| Error Code | Message | Cause | Solution |
+|------------|---------|-------|----------|
+| 10000 | Authentication error | Invalid/missing API token | Check token has DDoS permissions |
+| 81000 | Ruleset validation failed | Invalid rule structure | Verify `action_parameters.id` is managed ruleset ID |
+| 81020 | Expression not allowed | Custom expressions on wrong plan | Use `"true"` or upgrade to Enterprise Advanced |
+| 81021 | Rule limit exceeded | Too many override rules | Reduce rules or upgrade (Enterprise Advanced: 10) |
+| 81022 | Invalid sensitivity level | Wrong sensitivity value | Use: `default`, `medium`, `low`, `eoff` |
+| 81023 | Invalid action | Wrong action for plan | Enterprise Advanced only: `log` action |
+
+## Limits
+
+| Resource/Limit | Free/Pro/Business | Enterprise | Enterprise Advanced |
+|----------------|-------------------|------------|---------------------|
+| Override rules per zone | 1 | 1 | 10 |
+| Custom expressions | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
+| Log action | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
+| Adaptive DDoS | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
+| Traffic history required | - | 7 days | 7 days |
+
+## Tuning Strategy
+
+1. Start with `log` action + `medium` sensitivity
+2. Monitor for 24-48 hours
+3. Identify false positives, add exceptions
+4. Gradually increase to `default` sensitivity
+5. Change action from `log` → `managed_challenge` → `block`
+6. Document all adjustments
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- Test during low-traffic periods
+- Use zone-level for per-site tuning
+- Reference IP lists for easier management
+- Set appropriate alert thresholds (avoid noise)
+- Combine with WAF for layered defense
+- Avoid over-tuning (keep config simple)
+
+See [patterns.md](./patterns.md) for progressive rollout examples.

package/skills/cloudflare/references/ddos/patterns.md

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+# DDoS Protection Patterns
+
+## Allowlist Trusted IPs
+
+```typescript
+const config = {
+  description: "Allowlist trusted IPs",
+  rules: [{
+    expression: "ip.src in { 203.0.113.0/24 192.0.2.1 }",
+    action: "execute",
+    action_parameters: {
+      id: managedRulesetId,
+      overrides: { sensitivity_level: "eoff" },
+    },
+  }],
+};
+
+await client.accounts.rulesets.phases.entrypoint.update("ddos_l7", {
+  account_id: accountId,
+  ...config,
+});
+```
+
+## Route-specific Sensitivity
+
+```typescript
+const config = {
+  description: "Route-specific protection",
+  rules: [
+    {
+      expression: "not http.request.uri.path matches \"^/api/\"",
+      action: "execute",
+      action_parameters: {
+        id: managedRulesetId,
+        overrides: { sensitivity_level: "default", action: "block" },
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      expression: "http.request.uri.path matches \"^/api/\"",
+      action: "execute",
+      action_parameters: {
+        id: managedRulesetId,
+        overrides: { sensitivity_level: "low", action: "managed_challenge" },
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+```
+
+## Progressive Enhancement
+
+```typescript
+enum ProtectionLevel { MONITORING = "monitoring", LOW = "low", MEDIUM = "medium", HIGH = "high" }
+
+const levelConfig = {
+  [ProtectionLevel.MONITORING]: { action: "log", sensitivity: "eoff" },
+  [ProtectionLevel.LOW]: { action: "managed_challenge", sensitivity: "low" },
+  [ProtectionLevel.MEDIUM]: { action: "managed_challenge", sensitivity: "medium" },
+  [ProtectionLevel.HIGH]: { action: "block", sensitivity: "default" },
+} as const;
+
+async function setProtectionLevel(zoneId: string, level: ProtectionLevel, rulesetId: string, client: Cloudflare) {
+  const settings = levelConfig[level];
+  return client.zones.rulesets.phases.entrypoint.update("ddos_l7", {
+    zone_id: zoneId,
+    rules: [{
+      expression: "true",
+      action: "execute",
+      action_parameters: { id: rulesetId, overrides: { action: settings.action, sensitivity_level: settings.sensitivity } },
+    }],
+  });
+}
+```
+
+## Dynamic Response to Attacks
+
+```typescript
+interface Env { CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN: string; ZONE_ID: string; KV: KVNamespace; }
+
+export default {
+  async fetch(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response> {
+    if (request.url.includes("/attack-detected")) {
+      const attackData = await request.json();
+      await env.KV.put(`attack:${Date.now()}`, JSON.stringify(attackData), { expirationTtl: 86400 });
+      const recentAttacks = await getRecentAttacks(env.KV);
+      if (recentAttacks.length > 5) {
+        await setProtectionLevel(env.ZONE_ID, ProtectionLevel.HIGH, managedRulesetId, client);
+        return new Response("Protection increased");
+      }
+    }
+    return new Response("OK");
+  },
+  async scheduled(event: ScheduledEvent, env: Env): Promise<void> {
+    const recentAttacks = await getRecentAttacks(env.KV);
+    if (recentAttacks.length === 0) await setProtectionLevel(env.ZONE_ID, ProtectionLevel.MEDIUM, managedRulesetId, client);
+  },
+};
+```
+
+## Multi-rule Tiered Protection (Enterprise Advanced)
+
+```typescript
+const config = {
+  description: "Multi-tier DDoS protection",
+  rules: [
+    {
+      expression: "not ip.src in $known_ips and not cf.bot_management.score gt 30",
+      action: "execute",
+      action_parameters: { id: managedRulesetId, overrides: { sensitivity_level: "default", action: "block" } },
+    },
+    {
+      expression: "cf.bot_management.verified_bot",
+      action: "execute",
+      action_parameters: { id: managedRulesetId, overrides: { sensitivity_level: "medium", action: "managed_challenge" } },
+    },
+    {
+      expression: "ip.src in $trusted_ips",
+      action: "execute",
+      action_parameters: { id: managedRulesetId, overrides: { sensitivity_level: "low" } },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+```
+
+## Defense in Depth
+
+Layered security stack: DDoS + WAF + Rate Limiting + Bot Management.
+
+```typescript
+// Layer 1: DDoS (volumetric attacks)
+await client.zones.rulesets.phases.entrypoint.update("ddos_l7", {
+  zone_id: zoneId,
+  rules: [{ expression: "true", action: "execute", action_parameters: { id: ddosRulesetId, overrides: { sensitivity_level: "medium" } } }],
+});
+
+// Layer 2: WAF (exploit protection)
+await client.zones.rulesets.phases.entrypoint.update("http_request_firewall_managed", {
+  zone_id: zoneId,
+  rules: [{ expression: "true", action: "execute", action_parameters: { id: wafRulesetId } }],
+});
+
+// Layer 3: Rate Limiting (abuse prevention)
+await client.zones.rulesets.phases.entrypoint.update("http_ratelimit", {
+  zone_id: zoneId,
+  rules: [{ expression: "http.request.uri.path eq \"/api/login\"", action: "block", ratelimit: { characteristics: ["ip.src"], period: 60, requests_per_period: 5 } }],
+});
+
+// Layer 4: Bot Management (automation detection)
+await client.zones.rulesets.phases.entrypoint.update("http_request_sbfm", {
+  zone_id: zoneId,
+  rules: [{ expression: "cf.bot_management.score lt 30", action: "managed_challenge" }],
+});
+```
+
+## Cache Strategy for DDoS Mitigation
+
+Exclude query strings from cache key to counter randomized query parameter attacks.
+
+```typescript
+const cacheRule = {
+  expression: "http.request.uri.path matches \"^/api/\"",
+  action: "set_cache_settings",
+  action_parameters: {
+    cache: true,
+    cache_key: { ignore_query_strings_order: true, custom_key: { query_string: { exclude: { all: true } } } },
+  },
+};
+
+await client.zones.rulesets.phases.entrypoint.update("http_request_cache_settings", { zone_id: zoneId, rules: [cacheRule] });
+```
+
+**Rationale**: Attackers randomize query strings (`?random=123456`) to bypass cache. Excluding query params ensures cache hits absorb attack traffic.
+
+See [configuration.md](./configuration.md) for rule structure details.

package/skills/cloudflare/references/do-storage/README.md

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+# Cloudflare Durable Objects Storage
+
+Persistent storage API for Durable Objects with SQLite and KV backends, PITR, and automatic concurrency control.
+
+## Overview
+
+DO Storage provides:
+- SQLite-backed (recommended) or KV-backed
+- SQL API + synchronous/async KV APIs
+- Automatic input/output gates (race-free)
+- 30-day point-in-time recovery (PITR)
+- Transactions and alarms
+
+**Use cases:** Stateful coordination, real-time collaboration, counters, sessions, rate limiters
+
+**Billing:** Charged by request, GB-month storage, and rowsRead/rowsWritten for SQL operations
+
+## Quick Start
+
+```typescript
+export class Counter extends DurableObject {
+  sql: SqlStorage;
+  
+  constructor(ctx: DurableObjectState, env: Env) {
+    super(ctx, env);
+    this.sql = ctx.storage.sql;
+    this.sql.exec('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS data(key TEXT PRIMARY KEY, value INTEGER)');
+  }
+  
+  async increment(): Promise<number> {
+    const result = this.sql.exec(
+      'INSERT INTO data VALUES (?, ?) ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET value = value + 1 RETURNING value',
+      'counter', 1
+    ).one();
+    return result?.value || 1;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Storage Backends
+
+| Backend | Create Method | APIs | PITR |
+|---------|---------------|------|------|
+| SQLite (recommended) | `new_sqlite_classes` | SQL + sync KV + async KV | ✅ |
+| KV (legacy) | `new_classes` | async KV only | ❌ |
+
+## Core APIs
+
+- **SQL API** (`ctx.storage.sql`): Full SQLite with extensions (FTS5, JSON, math)
+- **Sync KV** (`ctx.storage.kv`): Synchronous key-value (SQLite only)
+- **Async KV** (`ctx.storage`): Asynchronous key-value (both backends)
+- **Transactions** (`transactionSync()`, `transaction()`)
+- **PITR** (`getBookmarkForTime()`, `onNextSessionRestoreBookmark()`)
+- **Alarms** (`setAlarm()`, `alarm()` handler)
+
+## Reading Order
+
+**New to DO storage:** configuration.md → api.md → patterns.md → gotchas.md  
+**Building features:** patterns.md → api.md → gotchas.md  
+**Debugging issues:** gotchas.md → api.md  
+**Writing tests:** testing.md
+
+## In This Reference
+
+- [configuration.md](./configuration.md) - wrangler.jsonc migrations, SQLite vs KV setup, RPC binding
+- [api.md](./api.md) - SQL exec/cursors, KV methods, storage options, transactions, alarms, PITR
+- [patterns.md](./patterns.md) - Schema migrations, caching, rate limiting, batch processing, parent-child coordination
+- [gotchas.md](./gotchas.md) - Concurrency gates, INTEGER precision, transaction rules, SQL limits
+- [testing.md](./testing.md) - vitest-pool-workers setup, testing DOs with SQL/alarms/PITR
+
+## See Also
+
+- [durable-objects](../durable-objects/) - DO fundamentals and coordination patterns
+- [workers](../workers/) - Worker runtime for DO stubs
+- [d1](../d1/) - Shared database alternative to per-DO storage