@bastani/atomic 0.7.17 → 0.8.0-0

package/dist/builtin/workflows/src/runs/foreground/executor.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1522 @@
+/**
+ * Main DAG executor: run(def, inputs, opts) → RunResult
+ */
+
+import { mkdir, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { basename, dirname, extname, isAbsolute, join, resolve } from "node:path";
+import { CONFIG_DIR_NAME } from "@bastani/atomic";
+import type {
+  WorkflowDefinition,
+  WorkflowRunContext,
+  WorkflowUIContext,
+  WorkflowUIAdapter,
+  WorkflowInputSchema,
+  StageContext,
+  StageOptions,
+  WorkflowTaskContextInput,
+  WorkflowTaskOptions,
+  WorkflowTaskResult,
+  WorkflowTaskStep,
+  WorkflowArtifact,
+  WorkflowMaxOutput,
+  WorkflowChainOptions,
+  WorkflowParallelOptions,
+  WorkflowDetails,
+  WorkflowDirectOptions,
+  WorkflowDirectTaskItem,
+  WorkflowChainStep,
+  WorkflowMcpPort,
+  WorkflowPersistencePort,
+  WorkflowRuntimeConfig,
+  WorkflowModelCatalogPort,
+} from "../../shared/types.js";
+import type { InternalStageContext, StageAdapters } from "./stage-runner.js";
+import type { RunStatus, StageNotice, StageSnapshot, RunSnapshot, WorkflowOverlayAdapter } from "../../shared/store-types.js";
+import type { StageControlHandle, StageControlRegistry, AgentSessionEventListener } from "./stage-control-registry.js";
+import type { Store } from "../../shared/store.js";
+import type { CancellationRegistry } from "../background/cancellation-registry.js";
+import { createStageContext } from "./stage-runner.js";
+import { GraphFrontierTracker } from "../shared/graph-inference.js";
+import { stageControlRegistry as defaultStageControlRegistry } from "./stage-control-registry.js";
+import { createRunLimiter } from "../shared/concurrency.js";
+import {
+  cleanupWorktrees,
+  createWorktrees,
+  diffWorktrees,
+  findWorktreeTaskCwdConflict,
+  formatWorktreeDiffSummary,
+  formatWorktreeTaskCwdConflict,
+  type WorktreeSetup,
+} from "../shared/worktree.js";
+import { store as defaultStore } from "../../shared/store.js";
+import {
+  appendRunStart,
+  appendStageStart,
+  appendStageEnd,
+  appendRunEnd,
+} from "../../shared/persistence-session-entries.js";
+import { validateWorkflowModels } from "../shared/model-fallback.js";
+
+export interface ResolvedInputs extends Record<string, unknown> {}
+
+export interface RunOpts {
+  adapters?: StageAdapters;
+  /** HIL adapter injected by the pi runtime or test harness. */
+  ui?: WorkflowUIAdapter;
+  /** Store override (for testing; defaults to singleton store) */
+  store?: Store;
+  /** Persistence port for writing session entries (run.start, stage.start, etc.). */
+  persistence?: WorkflowPersistencePort;
+  /** MCP scope-gating port; forwards per-stage allow/deny to the MCP adapter. */
+  mcp?: WorkflowMcpPort;
+  /** Cancellation registry; the executor registers an ActiveRunController per run. */
+  cancellation?: CancellationRegistry;
+  /** Overlay adapter for displaying run progress in the UI layer. */
+  overlay?: WorkflowOverlayAdapter;
+  /** AbortSignal that requests cancellation from the caller side. */
+  signal?: AbortSignal;
+  /**
+   * Internal background-runner seam. When true, the executor records the run
+   * synchronously, then yields to the next event-loop turn before invoking user
+   * workflow code so detached dispatch cannot be blocked by pre-await work.
+   */
+  deferWorkflowStart?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Resolved runtime configuration. Injected by the composition root after
+   * merging file config with defaults. Downstream tasks (maxDepth, concurrency,
+   * status writer) consume this; values are threaded here but not yet acted on.
+   */
+  config?: WorkflowRuntimeConfig;
+  /** Optional model catalog used for fallback validation/resolution. */
+  models?: WorkflowModelCatalogPort;
+  /**
+   * Current nesting depth of this workflow run. Starts at 0 for top-level runs.
+   * Callers that spawn nested runs must increment this by 1 before passing to
+   * run()/runDetached() so the maxDepth guard can reject runs that exceed the
+   * configured limit.
+   */
+  depth?: number;
+  /**
+   * Live stage-control registry. The executor registers a handle per
+   * stage so attached panes can lazily prompt/steer/pause/resume the
+   * underlying Pi session without going through the JSON snapshot.
+   * Defaults to the process-wide singleton registered alongside the
+   * default store.
+   */
+  stageControlRegistry?: StageControlRegistry;
+  /**
+   * Pre-allocated runId. When provided, the executor uses this ID instead of
+   * generating a new UUID. The detached runner uses this seam to preallocate
+   * the runId before starting the background promise.
+   */
+  runId?: string;
+  onRunStart?: (snapshot: RunSnapshot) => void;
+  onStageStart?: (runId: string, snapshot: StageSnapshot) => void;
+  onStageEnd?: (runId: string, snapshot: StageSnapshot) => void;
+  onRunEnd?: (runId: string, status: RunStatus, result?: Record<string, unknown>, error?: string) => void;
+}
+
+export interface RunResult {
+  readonly runId: string;
+  readonly status: RunStatus;
+  readonly result?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  readonly error?: string;
+  readonly stages: StageSnapshot[];
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Input resolution / validation
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export function resolveInputs(
+  schema: Readonly<Record<string, WorkflowInputSchema>>,
+  provided: Record<string, unknown>,
+): ResolvedInputs {
+  const resolved: Record<string, unknown> = { ...provided };
+
+  for (const [key, schemaDef] of Object.entries(schema)) {
+    if (resolved[key] === undefined && "default" in schemaDef && schemaDef.default !== undefined) {
+      resolved[key] = schemaDef.default;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const [key, schemaDef] of Object.entries(schema)) {
+    if (schemaDef.required === true && resolved[key] === undefined) {
+      throw new TypeError(`pi-workflows: required input "${key}" not provided`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return resolved;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// HIL unavailable fallback — rejects with precise per-primitive error
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function makeUnavailableUIContext(): WorkflowUIContext {
+  const msg = (primitive: string): string =>
+    `pi-workflows: HIL ctx.ui.${primitive} is unavailable because pi runtime did not provide a UI adapter`;
+  return {
+    input: () => Promise.reject(new Error(msg("input"))),
+    confirm: () => Promise.reject(new Error(msg("confirm"))),
+    select: () => Promise.reject(new Error(msg("select"))),
+    editor: () => Promise.reject(new Error(msg("editor"))),
+  };
+}
+
+type AskUserQuestionToolEvent =
+  | { phase: "start"; callId: string }
+  | { phase: "end"; callId: string; nameMatched: boolean };
+
+function stringField(value: Record<string, unknown>, keys: readonly string[]): string | undefined {
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    const candidate = value[key];
+    if (typeof candidate === "string" && candidate.length > 0) return candidate;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+function isAskUserQuestionToolName(name: string | undefined): boolean {
+  if (name === undefined) return false;
+  return name.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]/g, "") === "askuserquestion";
+}
+
+function askUserQuestionToolEvent(event: unknown): AskUserQuestionToolEvent | undefined {
+  if (event === null || typeof event !== "object") return undefined;
+  const record = event as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const type = typeof record["type"] === "string" ? record["type"] : "";
+  const toolName = stringField(record, ["toolName", "tool_name", "name"]);
+  const callId = stringField(record, ["toolCallId", "tool_call_id", "toolUseId", "tool_use_id", "id"]) ?? "__ask_user_question__";
+
+  if (type === "tool_execution_start" && isAskUserQuestionToolName(toolName)) {
+    return { phase: "start", callId };
+  }
+  if (type === "tool_execution_end" || type === "tool_execution_error" || type === "tool_result") {
+    return { phase: "end", callId, nameMatched: isAskUserQuestionToolName(toolName) };
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// raceAbort — races a promise against an AbortSignal
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function normalizeTaskContexts(
+  previous: WorkflowTaskOptions["previous"],
+): Array<{ readonly name?: string; readonly text: string }> {
+  if (previous === undefined) return [];
+  const items = Array.isArray(previous) ? previous : [previous];
+  return items
+    .map((item: WorkflowTaskContextInput) => {
+      if (typeof item === "string") return { text: item };
+      return item.name ? { name: item.name, text: item.text } : { text: item.text };
+    })
+    .filter((item) => item.text.trim().length > 0);
+}
+
+function renderTaskContext(contexts: readonly { readonly name?: string; readonly text: string }[]): string {
+  if (contexts.length === 0) return "";
+  if (contexts.length === 1 && contexts[0]?.name === undefined) return contexts[0]!.text;
+  return contexts
+    .map((context, index) => {
+      const label = context.name ?? `context-${index + 1}`;
+      return `--- ${label} ---\n${context.text}`;
+    })
+    .join("\n\n");
+}
+
+function applyTaskContext(prompt: string, previous: WorkflowTaskOptions["previous"]): string {
+  const contexts = normalizeTaskContexts(previous);
+  if (contexts.length === 0) return prompt;
+
+  const lastPrevious = contexts[contexts.length - 1]?.text ?? "";
+  const rendered = renderTaskContext(contexts);
+  let next = prompt.replace(/\{previous\}/g, lastPrevious);
+
+  if (next !== prompt) return next;
+  next += `\n\n---\nContext:\n${rendered}`;
+  return next;
+}
+
+function taskPrompt(options: WorkflowTaskOptions): string {
+  const prompt = options.prompt ?? options.task;
+  if (prompt === undefined) {
+    throw new Error("pi-workflows: ctx.task requires options.prompt or options.task");
+  }
+  return prompt;
+}
+
+function taskPrevious(options: WorkflowTaskOptions): WorkflowTaskOptions["previous"] {
+  return options.previous;
+}
+
+function taskStageOptions(options: WorkflowTaskOptions): StageOptions {
+  const {
+    prompt: _prompt,
+    task: _task,
+    previous: _previous,
+    output: _output,
+    outputMode: _outputMode,
+    reads: _reads,
+    progress: _progress,
+    worktree: _worktree,
+    maxOutput: _maxOutput,
+    artifacts: _artifacts,
+    ...stageOptions
+  } = options;
+  return stageOptions;
+}
+
+function taskOptionsFromStep(step: WorkflowTaskStep, prompt: string, previous?: WorkflowTaskOptions["previous"]): WorkflowTaskOptions {
+  const {
+    name: _name,
+    prompt: _prompt,
+    task: _task,
+    previous: _previous,
+    output: _output,
+    outputMode: _outputMode,
+    reads: _reads,
+    progress: _progress,
+    worktree: _worktree,
+    ...stageOptions
+  } = step;
+  return previous === undefined
+    ? { ...stageOptions, prompt }
+    : { ...stageOptions, prompt, previous };
+}
+
+function replaceTaskPlaceholder(prompt: string, task: string): string {
+  return prompt.replace(/\{task\}/g, task);
+}
+
+function chainStepPrompt(step: WorkflowTaskStep, index: number): string {
+  return step.prompt ?? step.task ?? (index === 0 ? "{task}" : "{previous}");
+}
+
+function parallelFallbackTask(steps: readonly WorkflowTaskStep[], options?: WorkflowParallelOptions): string {
+  if (options?.task !== undefined) return options.task;
+  for (const step of steps) {
+    const task = step.prompt ?? step.task;
+    if (task !== undefined) return task;
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+function directTaskPrompt(item: WorkflowDirectTaskItem): string | undefined {
+  return item.prompt ?? item.task;
+}
+
+function directModelRequestsFromChain(
+  chain: readonly WorkflowChainStep[],
+  options: WorkflowDirectOptions,
+): Array<{ readonly model?: WorkflowDirectTaskItem["model"]; readonly fallbackModels?: readonly string[] }> {
+  const requests: Array<{ readonly model?: WorkflowDirectTaskItem["model"]; readonly fallbackModels?: readonly string[] }> = [];
+  for (const step of chain) {
+    if ("parallel" in step) {
+      requests.push(...step.parallel.map((item) => directTaskWithDefaults(item, options)));
+    } else {
+      requests.push(directTaskWithDefaults(step, options));
+    }
+  }
+  return requests;
+}
+
+async function validateDirectModels(
+  tasks: readonly WorkflowDirectTaskItem[],
+  runOptions: RunOpts,
+): Promise<readonly string[]> {
+  return validateWorkflowModels({
+    requests: tasks.map((task) => ({ model: task.model, fallbackModels: task.fallbackModels })),
+    catalog: runOptions.models,
+  });
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_MAX_OUTPUT_BYTES = 200 * 1024;
+const DEFAULT_MAX_OUTPUT_LINES = 5000;
+
+function normalizeMaxOutput(maxOutput: WorkflowMaxOutput | undefined): Required<WorkflowMaxOutput> {
+  return {
+    bytes: maxOutput?.bytes ?? DEFAULT_MAX_OUTPUT_BYTES,
+    lines: maxOutput?.lines ?? DEFAULT_MAX_OUTPUT_LINES,
+  };
+}
+
+function truncateByLines(text: string, maxLines: number): { text: string; truncated: boolean } {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(maxLines) || maxLines <= 0) return { text: "", truncated: text.length > 0 };
+  const lines = text.split(/\r?\n/);
+  if (lines.length <= maxLines) return { text, truncated: false };
+  return {
+    text: lines.slice(0, maxLines).join("\n"),
+    truncated: true,
+  };
+}
+
+function truncateByBytes(text: string, maxBytes: number): { text: string; truncated: boolean } {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(maxBytes) || maxBytes <= 0) return { text: "", truncated: text.length > 0 };
+  if (Buffer.byteLength(text, "utf8") <= maxBytes) return { text, truncated: false };
+
+  let low = 0;
+  let high = text.length;
+  while (low < high) {
+    const mid = Math.ceil((low + high) / 2);
+    if (Buffer.byteLength(text.slice(0, mid), "utf8") <= maxBytes) {
+      low = mid;
+    } else {
+      high = mid - 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return { text: text.slice(0, low), truncated: true };
+}
+
+function truncateTaskOutput(text: string, maxOutput: WorkflowMaxOutput | undefined): string {
+  const limits = normalizeMaxOutput(maxOutput);
+  const byLines = truncateByLines(text, limits.lines);
+  const byBytes = truncateByBytes(byLines.text, limits.bytes);
+  if (!byLines.truncated && !byBytes.truncated) return text;
+  return `${byBytes.text}\n\n[workflow output truncated; limits: ${limits.bytes} bytes, ${limits.lines} lines]`;
+}
+
+function directTaskWithDefaults(
+  item: WorkflowDirectTaskItem,
+  options: WorkflowDirectOptions,
+): WorkflowDirectTaskItem {
+  return {
+    ...item,
+    ...(item.context === undefined && options.context !== undefined ? { context: options.context } : {}),
+    ...(item.forkFromSessionFile === undefined && options.forkFromSessionFile !== undefined ? { forkFromSessionFile: options.forkFromSessionFile } : {}),
+    ...(item.cwd === undefined && options.cwd !== undefined ? { cwd: options.cwd } : {}),
+    ...(item.output === undefined && options.output !== undefined ? { output: options.output } : {}),
+    ...(item.outputMode === undefined && options.outputMode !== undefined ? { outputMode: options.outputMode } : {}),
+    ...(item.maxOutput === undefined && options.maxOutput !== undefined ? { maxOutput: options.maxOutput } : {}),
+    ...(item.artifacts === undefined && options.artifacts !== undefined ? { artifacts: options.artifacts } : {}),
+    ...(item.sessionDir === undefined && options.sessionDir !== undefined ? { sessionDir: options.sessionDir } : {}),
+    ...(item.fallbackModels === undefined && options.fallbackModels !== undefined ? { fallbackModels: options.fallbackModels } : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+function directTaskToStep(
+  item: WorkflowDirectTaskItem,
+  fallbackPrompt?: string,
+  previous?: WorkflowTaskOptions["previous"],
+): WorkflowTaskStep {
+  const {
+    count: _count,
+    output: _output,
+    outputMode: _outputMode,
+    reads: _reads,
+    progress: _progress,
+    worktree: _worktree,
+    prompt,
+    task,
+    previous: itemPrevious,
+    ...stageOptions
+  } = item;
+  return {
+    ...stageOptions,
+    prompt: prompt ?? task ?? fallbackPrompt,
+    previous: previous ?? itemPrevious,
+  };
+}
+
+function expandedParallelTasks(tasks: readonly WorkflowDirectTaskItem[]): WorkflowDirectTaskItem[] {
+  const expanded: WorkflowDirectTaskItem[] = [];
+  for (const task of tasks) {
+    const count = task.count ?? 1;
+    if (!Number.isInteger(count) || count < 1) {
+      throw new Error(`pi-workflows: direct task "${task.name}" count must be a positive integer`);
+    }
+    for (let index = 0; index < count; index += 1) {
+      expanded.push(count === 1 ? task : {
+        ...task,
+        name: `${task.name}-${index + 1}`,
+        count: undefined,
+        output: namespaceRepeatedOutput(task.output, index),
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  return expanded;
+}
+
+function namespaceRepeatedOutput(output: WorkflowDirectTaskItem["output"], index: number): WorkflowDirectTaskItem["output"] {
+  if (typeof output !== "string") return output;
+  const ext = extname(output);
+  const base = basename(output, ext);
+  return join(dirname(output), `${base}-${index + 1}${ext}`);
+}
+
+interface PreparedDirectWorktrees {
+  readonly tasks: WorkflowDirectTaskItem[];
+  readonly setup?: WorktreeSetup;
+  readonly agents: string[];
+  readonly diffsDir?: string;
+}
+
+function directRunId(runOptions: RunOpts): string {
+  return runOptions.runId ?? crypto.randomUUID();
+}
+
+function hasDirectWorktreeIsolation(tasks: readonly WorkflowDirectTaskItem[], options: WorkflowDirectOptions): boolean {
+  return options.worktree === true || tasks.some((task) => task.worktree === true);
+}
+
+function resolveSharedDirectWorktreeCwd(tasks: readonly WorkflowDirectTaskItem[]): string {
+  const explicitCwd = tasks.find((task) => typeof task.cwd === "string")?.cwd;
+  if (explicitCwd === undefined) return process.cwd();
+  return isAbsolute(explicitCwd) ? explicitCwd : resolve(process.cwd(), explicitCwd);
+}
+
+function normalizeDirectTaskCwd(cwd: string | undefined): string | undefined {
+  if (cwd === undefined) return undefined;
+  return isAbsolute(cwd) ? cwd : resolve(process.cwd(), cwd);
+}
+
+function directWorktreeDiffsDir(options: WorkflowDirectOptions, setup: WorktreeSetup, runId: string, scope: string): string {
+  const baseDir = options.chainDir ?? join(setup.cwd, CONFIG_DIR_NAME, "workflows");
+  return join(baseDir, "worktree-diffs", runId, scope);
+}
+
+function prepareDirectWorktrees(
+  tasks: readonly WorkflowDirectTaskItem[],
+  options: WorkflowDirectOptions,
+  runId: string,
+  scope: string,
+): PreparedDirectWorktrees {
+  if (!hasDirectWorktreeIsolation(tasks, options)) {
+    return {
+      tasks: [...tasks],
+      agents: tasks.map((task) => task.name),
+    };
+  }
+
+  const sharedCwd = resolveSharedDirectWorktreeCwd(tasks);
+  const conflict = findWorktreeTaskCwdConflict(
+    tasks.map((task) => ({ agent: task.name, cwd: normalizeDirectTaskCwd(task.cwd) })),
+    sharedCwd,
+  );
+  if (conflict !== undefined) {
+    throw new Error(formatWorktreeTaskCwdConflict(conflict, sharedCwd));
+  }
+
+  const agents = tasks.map((task) => task.name);
+  const setup = createWorktrees(sharedCwd, runId, tasks.length, { agents });
+  return {
+    tasks: tasks.map((task, index) => ({
+      ...task,
+      cwd: setup.worktrees[index]!.agentCwd,
+    })),
+    setup,
+    agents,
+    diffsDir: directWorktreeDiffsDir(options, setup, runId, scope),
+  };
+}
+
+function collectWorktreeDiffs(prepared: PreparedDirectWorktrees, enabled = true): {
+  artifacts: WorkflowArtifact[];
+  summary?: string;
+} {
+  if (!enabled || prepared.setup === undefined || prepared.diffsDir === undefined) {
+    return { artifacts: [] };
+  }
+
+  const diffs = diffWorktrees(prepared.setup, prepared.agents, prepared.diffsDir);
+  const artifacts = diffs.map((diff) => ({
+    kind: "diff" as const,
+    path: diff.patchPath,
+    taskName: diff.agent,
+    branch: diff.branch,
+    diffStat: diff.diffStat,
+    filesChanged: diff.filesChanged,
+    insertions: diff.insertions,
+    deletions: diff.deletions,
+  }));
+  const summary = formatWorktreeDiffSummary(diffs);
+  return {
+    artifacts,
+    ...(summary.length > 0 ? { summary } : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+function isRunOpts(value: WorkflowDirectOptions | RunOpts | undefined): value is RunOpts {
+  if (value === undefined) return false;
+  return (
+    "adapters" in value ||
+    "ui" in value ||
+    "store" in value ||
+    "persistence" in value ||
+    "mcp" in value ||
+    "cancellation" in value ||
+    "overlay" in value ||
+    "signal" in value ||
+    "config" in value ||
+    "depth" in value ||
+    "stageControlRegistry" in value ||
+    "runId" in value ||
+    "onRunStart" in value ||
+    "onStageStart" in value ||
+    "onStageEnd" in value ||
+    "onRunEnd" in value ||
+    "models" in value
+  );
+}
+
+async function writeDirectOutput(
+  item: Pick<WorkflowDirectTaskItem, "output" | "outputMode">,
+  result: WorkflowTaskResult,
+): Promise<{ result: WorkflowTaskResult; artifact?: WorkflowArtifact }> {
+  if (typeof item.output !== "string") return { result };
+
+  await mkdir(dirname(item.output), { recursive: true });
+  await writeFile(item.output, result.text, "utf8");
+
+  const visibleResult =
+    item.outputMode === "file-only"
+      ? { ...result, text: "" }
+      : result;
+
+  return {
+    result: visibleResult,
+    artifact: {
+      kind: "output",
+      path: item.output,
+      taskName: result.name,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function failedDirectDetails(
+  mode: WorkflowDetails["mode"],
+  runId: string,
+  total: number,
+  error: unknown,
+  options: WorkflowDirectOptions = {},
+): WorkflowDetails {
+  return {
+    mode,
+    action: "run",
+    runId,
+    status: "failed",
+    ...(options.context !== undefined ? { context: options.context } : {}),
+    results: [],
+    progress: { completed: 0, total },
+    error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+  };
+}
+
+function workflowDetailsFromRun(
+  mode: WorkflowDetails["mode"],
+  runResult: RunResult,
+  results: readonly WorkflowTaskResult[],
+  options: WorkflowDirectOptions = {},
+  warnings: readonly string[] = [],
+): WorkflowDetails {
+  const sessionArtifacts = options.artifacts === false ? [] : results.flatMap((result) =>
+    result.sessionFile === undefined
+      ? []
+      : [{ kind: "session" as const, path: result.sessionFile, taskName: result.name }],
+  );
+  const outputArtifacts = Array.isArray(runResult.result?.["artifacts"])
+    ? runResult.result["artifacts"] as WorkflowArtifact[]
+    : [];
+  const artifacts = [...outputArtifacts, ...sessionArtifacts];
+  const resultWarnings = results.flatMap((result) => result.warnings ?? []);
+  const allWarnings = [...warnings, ...resultWarnings];
+  return {
+    mode,
+    action: "run",
+    runId: runResult.runId,
+    status: runResult.status === "killed" ? "killed" : runResult.status === "failed" ? "failed" : "completed",
+    ...(options.context !== undefined ? { context: options.context } : {}),
+    results: [...results],
+    output: runResult.result,
+    progress: { completed: results.length, total: results.length },
+    ...(artifacts.length > 0 ? { artifacts } : {}),
+    ...(allWarnings.length > 0 ? { warnings: allWarnings } : {}),
+    ...(runResult.error !== undefined ? { error: runResult.error } : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+function defineDirectWorkflow(
+  name: string,
+  runFn: WorkflowDefinition["run"],
+): WorkflowDefinition {
+  return Object.freeze({
+    __piWorkflow: true,
+    name,
+    normalizedName: name,
+    description: "Direct workflow execution",
+    inputs: Object.freeze({}),
+    run: runFn,
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * SDK helper for direct single-task execution. It synthesizes an ephemeral
+ * workflow and reuses the normal executor so store snapshots, cancellation,
+ * persistence, and stage session behavior stay on the same runtime path.
+ */
+export function runTask(
+  task: WorkflowDirectTaskItem,
+  runOptions?: RunOpts,
+): Promise<WorkflowDetails>;
+export function runTask(
+  task: WorkflowDirectTaskItem,
+  options?: WorkflowDirectOptions,
+  runOptions?: RunOpts,
+): Promise<WorkflowDetails>;
+export async function runTask(
+  task: WorkflowDirectTaskItem,
+  optionsOrRunOptions: WorkflowDirectOptions | RunOpts = {},
+  maybeRunOptions: RunOpts = {},
+): Promise<WorkflowDetails> {
+  const options = isRunOpts(optionsOrRunOptions) ? {} : optionsOrRunOptions;
+  const runOptions = isRunOpts(optionsOrRunOptions) ? optionsOrRunOptions : maybeRunOptions;
+  const runId = directRunId(runOptions);
+  const taskWithDefaults = directTaskWithDefaults(task, options);
+  let validationWarnings: readonly string[] = [];
+  try {
+    validationWarnings = await validateDirectModels([taskWithDefaults], runOptions);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return failedDirectDetails("single", runId, 1, err, options);
+  }
+  const prepared = prepareDirectWorktrees([taskWithDefaults], options, runId, "single");
+  const preparedTask = prepared.tasks[0]!;
+  const direct = defineDirectWorkflow("direct-task", async (ctx) => {
+    try {
+      const rawResult = await ctx.task(preparedTask.name, directTaskToStep(preparedTask));
+      const { result, artifact } = await writeDirectOutput(preparedTask, rawResult);
+      const worktreeDiffs = collectWorktreeDiffs(prepared, options.artifacts !== false);
+      return {
+        results: [result],
+        text: result.text,
+        artifacts: [
+          ...worktreeDiffs.artifacts,
+          ...(artifact === undefined ? [] : [artifact]),
+        ],
+        ...(worktreeDiffs.summary === undefined ? {} : { worktreeSummary: worktreeDiffs.summary }),
+      };
+    } finally {
+      if (prepared.setup !== undefined) cleanupWorktrees(prepared.setup);
+    }
+  });
+  const runResult = await run(direct, {}, { ...runOptions, runId });
+  const results = (runResult.result?.["results"] ?? []) as WorkflowTaskResult[];
+  return workflowDetailsFromRun("single", runResult, results, options, validationWarnings);
+}
+
+/** SDK helper for direct top-level parallel task execution. */
+export async function runParallel(
+  tasks: readonly WorkflowDirectTaskItem[],
+  options: WorkflowDirectOptions = {},
+  runOptions: RunOpts = {},
+): Promise<WorkflowDetails> {
+  const tasksWithDefaults = tasks.map((task) => directTaskWithDefaults(task, options));
+  const expanded = expandedParallelTasks(tasksWithDefaults);
+  const runId = directRunId(runOptions);
+  let validationWarnings: readonly string[] = [];
+  try {
+    validationWarnings = await validateDirectModels(expanded, runOptions);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return failedDirectDetails("parallel", runId, expanded.length, err, options);
+  }
+  const prepared = prepareDirectWorktrees(expanded, options, runId, "parallel");
+  const direct = defineDirectWorkflow("direct-parallel", async (ctx) => {
+    try {
+      const steps = prepared.tasks.map((task) => directTaskToStep(task));
+      const rawResults = await ctx.parallel(steps, { task: options.task });
+      const persisted = await Promise.all(
+        rawResults.map((result, index) => writeDirectOutput(prepared.tasks[index]!, result)),
+      );
+      const results = persisted.map((item) => item.result);
+      const worktreeDiffs = collectWorktreeDiffs(prepared, options.artifacts !== false);
+      const artifacts = [
+        ...worktreeDiffs.artifacts,
+        ...persisted.flatMap((item) => item.artifact === undefined ? [] : [item.artifact]),
+      ];
+      return {
+        results,
+        count: results.length,
+        artifacts,
+        ...(worktreeDiffs.summary === undefined ? {} : { worktreeSummary: worktreeDiffs.summary }),
+      };
+    } finally {
+      if (prepared.setup !== undefined) cleanupWorktrees(prepared.setup);
+    }
+  });
+  const runResult = await run(direct, {}, { ...runOptions, runId });
+  const results = (runResult.result?.["results"] ?? []) as WorkflowTaskResult[];
+  return workflowDetailsFromRun("parallel", runResult, results, options, validationWarnings);
+}
+
+async function runDirectChainStep(
+  ctx: WorkflowRunContext,
+  step: WorkflowChainStep,
+  index: number,
+  rootTask: string,
+  prior: WorkflowTaskResult | readonly WorkflowTaskResult[] | undefined,
+  options: WorkflowDirectOptions,
+  runId: string,
+): Promise<{ results: WorkflowTaskResult[]; artifacts: WorkflowArtifact[] }> {
+  if ("parallel" in step) {
+    const expanded = expandedParallelTasks(step.parallel.map((item) => directTaskWithDefaults(item, options)));
+    const stepOptions = { ...options, worktree: options.worktree === true || step.worktree === true };
+    const prepared = prepareDirectWorktrees(expanded, stepOptions, `${runId}-s${index}`, `step-${index}`);
+    try {
+      const steps = prepared.tasks.map((item) =>
+        directTaskToStep(item, directTaskPrompt(item) ?? "{previous}", item.previous ?? prior),
+      );
+      const rawResults = await ctx.parallel(steps, { task: rootTask });
+      const persisted = await Promise.all(
+        rawResults.map((result, taskIndex) => writeDirectOutput(prepared.tasks[taskIndex]!, result)),
+      );
+      const worktreeDiffs = collectWorktreeDiffs(prepared, stepOptions.artifacts !== false);
+      return {
+        results: persisted.map((item) => item.result),
+        artifacts: [
+          ...worktreeDiffs.artifacts,
+          ...persisted.flatMap((item) => item.artifact === undefined ? [] : [item.artifact]),
+        ],
+      };
+    } finally {
+      if (prepared.setup !== undefined) cleanupWorktrees(prepared.setup);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const prompt = directTaskPrompt(step) ?? (index === 0 ? "{task}" : "{previous}");
+  const prepared = prepareDirectWorktrees([directTaskWithDefaults(step, options)], options, `${runId}-s${index}`, `step-${index}`);
+  const preparedStep = prepared.tasks[0]!;
+  try {
+    const rawResult = await ctx.task(
+      preparedStep.name,
+      directTaskToStep(preparedStep, replaceTaskPlaceholder(prompt, rootTask), preparedStep.previous ?? prior),
+    );
+    const { result, artifact } = await writeDirectOutput(preparedStep, rawResult);
+    const worktreeDiffs = collectWorktreeDiffs(prepared, options.artifacts !== false);
+    return {
+      results: [result],
+      artifacts: [
+        ...worktreeDiffs.artifacts,
+        ...(artifact === undefined ? [] : [artifact]),
+      ],
+    };
+  } finally {
+    if (prepared.setup !== undefined) cleanupWorktrees(prepared.setup);
+  }
+}
+
+/** SDK helper for direct sequential/parallel chain execution. */
+export async function runChain(
+  chain: readonly WorkflowChainStep[],
+  options: WorkflowDirectOptions = {},
+  runOptions: RunOpts = {},
+): Promise<WorkflowDetails> {
+  const runId = directRunId(runOptions);
+  let validationWarnings: readonly string[] = [];
+  try {
+    validationWarnings = await validateWorkflowModels({
+      requests: directModelRequestsFromChain(chain, options),
+      catalog: runOptions.models,
+    });
+  } catch (err) {
+    return failedDirectDetails("chain", runId, chain.length, err, options);
+  }
+  const direct = defineDirectWorkflow("direct-chain", async (ctx) => {
+    const results: WorkflowTaskResult[] = [];
+    const artifacts: WorkflowArtifact[] = [];
+    let prior: WorkflowTaskResult | readonly WorkflowTaskResult[] | undefined;
+    for (let index = 0; index < chain.length; index += 1) {
+      const step = await runDirectChainStep(ctx, chain[index]!, index, options.task ?? "", prior, options, runId);
+      results.push(...step.results);
+      artifacts.push(...step.artifacts);
+      prior = step.results.length === 1 ? step.results[0] : step.results;
+    }
+    return { results, count: results.length, artifacts };
+  });
+  const runResult = await run(direct, {}, { ...runOptions, runId });
+  const results = (runResult.result?.["results"] ?? []) as WorkflowTaskResult[];
+  return workflowDetailsFromRun("chain", runResult, results, options, validationWarnings);
+}
+
+function raceAbort<T>(promise: Promise<T>, signal: AbortSignal): Promise<T> {
+  if (signal.aborted) {
+    return Promise.reject(signal.reason ?? new DOMException("workflow killed", "AbortError"));
+  }
+  return new Promise<T>((resolve, reject) => {
+    const onAbort = (): void => {
+      reject(signal.reason ?? new DOMException("workflow killed", "AbortError"));
+    };
+    signal.addEventListener("abort", onAbort, { once: true });
+    promise.then(
+      (val) => { signal.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort); resolve(val); },
+      (err: unknown) => { signal.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort); reject(err); },
+    );
+  });
+}
+
+function appendRunEndWhenRecorded(
+  persistence: WorkflowPersistencePort | undefined,
+  recorded: boolean,
+  payload: {
+    readonly runId: string;
+    readonly status: RunStatus;
+    readonly result?: Record<string, unknown>;
+    readonly ts: number;
+  },
+): void {
+  if (!persistence || !recorded) return;
+  appendRunEnd(persistence, payload);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Shared killed finalizer — used for catch-abort and post-body abort check
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function finalizeKilled(
+  runId: string,
+  runSnapshot: RunSnapshot,
+  activeStore: Store,
+  persistence: WorkflowPersistencePort | undefined,
+  onRunEnd: RunOpts["onRunEnd"],
+): RunResult {
+  const recorded = activeStore.recordRunEnd(runId, "killed", undefined, "workflow killed");
+  onRunEnd?.(runId, "killed", undefined, "workflow killed");
+  appendRunEndWhenRecorded(persistence, recorded, {
+    runId,
+    status: "killed",
+    ts: Date.now(),
+  });
+  return {
+    runId,
+    status: "killed",
+    error: "workflow killed",
+    stages: [...runSnapshot.stages],
+  };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Main executor
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function nextEventLoopTurn(): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+}
+
+export async function run(
+  def: WorkflowDefinition,
+  inputs: Record<string, unknown>,
+  opts: RunOpts = {},
+): Promise<RunResult> {
+  const activeStore = opts.store ?? defaultStore;
+  const adapters = opts.adapters ?? {};
+
+  // 0. maxDepth guard — reject before any store/persistence side effects.
+  const depth = opts.depth ?? 0;
+  const maxDepth = opts.config?.maxDepth ?? 4;
+  if (depth >= maxDepth) {
+    const max = maxDepth;
+    return {
+      runId: opts.runId ?? crypto.randomUUID(),
+      status: "failed",
+      error: `pi-workflows: maxDepth exceeded (max ${max})`,
+      stages: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  // 1. Resolve + validate inputs
+  const resolvedInputs = resolveInputs(def.inputs, inputs);
+
+  // 2. Generate runId (or use pre-allocated seam from caller)
+  const runId = opts.runId ?? crypto.randomUUID();
+
+  // 2a. Create own AbortController; forward caller signal if provided
+  const ownController = new AbortController();
+  const callerSignal = opts.signal;
+  if (callerSignal) {
+    if (callerSignal.aborted) {
+      ownController.abort(callerSignal.reason);
+    } else {
+      callerSignal.addEventListener("abort", () => { ownController.abort(callerSignal.reason); }, { once: true });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 3. Create RunSnapshot + register
+  const runSnapshot: RunSnapshot = {
+    id: runId,
+    name: def.name,
+    inputs: Object.freeze(resolvedInputs),
+    status: "running",
+    stages: [],
+    startedAt: Date.now(),
+  };
+
+  activeStore.recordRunStart(runSnapshot);
+  // When the caller already has a controller registered (the detached runner
+  // pre-registers before calling run() so abort() can hit the run during
+  // executor setup), avoid overwriting it. Two registrations for the same
+  // runId means `cancellation.abort(runId)` only hits one controller, and
+  // listeners on the other never fire — which is exactly the leak that
+  // wedges HIL waiters in background runs.
+  if (!opts.signal) {
+    opts.cancellation?.register(runId, ownController);
+  }
+  opts.onRunStart?.(runSnapshot);
+
+  // Persistence: append run.start entry
+  if (opts.persistence) {
+    appendRunStart(opts.persistence, {
+      runId,
+      name: def.name,
+      inputs: resolvedInputs,
+      ts: runSnapshot.startedAt,
+    });
+  }
+
+  // 4. Create GraphFrontierTracker and per-run ConcurrencyLimiter
+  const tracker = new GraphFrontierTracker();
+  const limiter = createRunLimiter(opts.config?.defaultConcurrency);
+  interface ReleaseBarrier {
+    readonly promise: Promise<void>;
+    readonly resolve: () => void;
+    readonly reject: (reason?: unknown) => void;
+  }
+  const releaseBarriers = new Map<string, ReleaseBarrier>();
+
+  const makeReleaseBarrier = (): ReleaseBarrier => {
+    const resolver = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
+    return { promise: resolver.promise, resolve: resolver.resolve, reject: resolver.reject };
+  };
+
+  const isTerminalStage = (stage: StageSnapshot): boolean =>
+    stage.status === "completed" || stage.status === "failed";
+
+  const stageById = (stageId: string): StageSnapshot | undefined =>
+    runSnapshot.stages.find((stage) => stage.id === stageId);
+
+  const hasAncestor = (stage: StageSnapshot, ancestorId: string): boolean => {
+    const queue = [...stage.parentIds];
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+    while (queue.length > 0) {
+      const next = queue.shift();
+      if (next === undefined || seen.has(next)) continue;
+      if (next === ancestorId) return true;
+      seen.add(next);
+      queue.push(...tracker.getParents(next));
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  const descendantsOf = (stageId: string): StageSnapshot[] =>
+    runSnapshot.stages.filter((stage) => stage.id !== stageId && hasAncestor(stage, stageId));
+
+  const blockingAncestorFor = (stage: StageSnapshot): string | undefined => {
+    const queue = [...stage.parentIds];
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+    while (queue.length > 0) {
+      const next = queue.shift();
+      if (next === undefined || seen.has(next)) continue;
+      seen.add(next);
+      const ancestor = stageById(next);
+      if (ancestor?.status === "paused" || ancestor?.status === "blocked") return next;
+      queue.push(...tracker.getParents(next));
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  };
+
+  const ensureReleaseBarrier = (stageId: string): ReleaseBarrier => {
+    let barrier = releaseBarriers.get(stageId);
+    if (!barrier) {
+      barrier = makeReleaseBarrier();
+      releaseBarriers.set(stageId, barrier);
+    }
+    return barrier;
+  };
+
+  const blockStageUntilCascadeRelease = (stage: StageSnapshot, blockedBy: string): void => {
+    ensureReleaseBarrier(stage.id);
+    activeStore.recordStageBlocked(runId, stage.id, blockedBy);
+  };
+
+  const releaseStageBarrier = (stageId: string): void => {
+    const barrier = releaseBarriers.get(stageId);
+    if (!barrier) return;
+    releaseBarriers.delete(stageId);
+    barrier.resolve();
+  };
+
+  const cascadePauseFrom = async (pausedStageId: string): Promise<void> => {
+    for (const descendant of descendantsOf(pausedStageId)) {
+      if (isTerminalStage(descendant) || descendant.status === "paused" || descendant.status === "blocked") continue;
+      if (descendant.status === "running") {
+        const descendantHandle = (opts.stageControlRegistry ?? defaultStageControlRegistry).get(runId, descendant.id);
+        if (descendantHandle && descendantHandle.status === "running") {
+          await descendantHandle.pause();
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      blockStageUntilCascadeRelease(descendant, pausedStageId);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const cascadeResumeFrom = (resumedStageId: string): void => {
+    for (const descendant of descendantsOf(resumedStageId)) {
+      if (isTerminalStage(descendant) || descendant.status !== "blocked") continue;
+      if (blockingAncestorFor(descendant) !== undefined) continue;
+      if (activeStore.recordStageUnblocked(runId, descendant.id)) {
+        releaseStageBarrier(descendant.id);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  const rejectReleaseBarriers = (reason: unknown): void => {
+    for (const [stageId, barrier] of releaseBarriers) {
+      releaseBarriers.delete(stageId);
+      activeStore.recordStageUnblocked(runId, stageId);
+      barrier.reject(reason);
+    }
+  };
+
+  ownController.signal.addEventListener(
+    "abort",
+    () => rejectReleaseBarriers(ownController.signal.reason ?? new Error("pi-workflows: run aborted")),
+    { once: true },
+  );
+
+  // 5. Build WorkflowRunContext
+  const ctx: WorkflowRunContext = {
+    inputs: resolvedInputs,
+    ui: opts.ui ?? makeUnavailableUIContext(),
+
+    stage(name: string, options?: StageOptions) {
+      // a. Generate stageId
+      const stageId = crypto.randomUUID();
+
+      // b. tracker.onSpawn → parentIds
+      const parentIds = tracker.onSpawn(stageId, name);
+
+      // c. Create StageSnapshot as "pending"
+      const stageSnapshot: StageSnapshot = {
+        id: stageId,
+        name,
+        status: "pending",
+        parentIds: Object.freeze(parentIds),
+        toolEvents: [],
+        // Store mcp scope options on snapshot when provided
+        ...(options?.mcp !== undefined
+          ? { mcpScope: { allow: options.mcp.allow ?? null, deny: options.mcp.deny ?? null } }
+          : {}),
+        // Mark attachable up-front: the live stage handle is registered
+        // below before the first onStageStart fires, so consumers that
+        // hook onStageStart see `attachable: true` for the pending stage.
+        attachable: true,
+      };
+
+      // d. Create inner AgentSession-like StageContext (raw, without lifecycle wrapping).
+      //    Must come before the registry registration because the handle
+      //    delegates to it for every operation.
+      const innerCtx: InternalStageContext = createStageContext({
+        stageId,
+        stageName: name,
+        adapters,
+        runId,
+        signal: ownController.signal,
+        stageOptions: options,
+        models: opts.models,
+      });
+      const activeAskUserQuestionCalls = new Set<string>();
+      const unsubscribeAskUserQuestionWatcher = innerCtx.subscribe((event) => {
+        const toolEvent = askUserQuestionToolEvent(event);
+        if (!toolEvent) return;
+        if (toolEvent.phase === "start") {
+          activeAskUserQuestionCalls.add(toolEvent.callId);
+          activeStore.recordStageAwaitingInput(runId, stageId, true);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (toolEvent.nameMatched || activeAskUserQuestionCalls.has(toolEvent.callId)) {
+          activeAskUserQuestionCalls.delete(toolEvent.callId);
+          if (activeAskUserQuestionCalls.size === 0) {
+            activeStore.recordStageAwaitingInput(runId, stageId, false);
+          }
+        }
+      });
+      const disposeInnerContext = async (): Promise<void> => {
+        unsubscribeAskUserQuestionWatcher();
+        activeAskUserQuestionCalls.clear();
+        activeStore.recordStageAwaitingInput(runId, stageId, false);
+        await innerCtx.__dispose();
+      };
+
+      // e. Register a live stage-control handle so attached panes can
+      //    prompt/steer/pause/resume the underlying Pi session lazily.
+      //    Pending stages are attachable from the moment they are spawned;
+      //    the chat surface only realises the SDK session when the user
+      //    types or the workflow body invokes a tracked call.
+      const stageRegistry = opts.stageControlRegistry ?? defaultStageControlRegistry;
+      const handle: StageControlHandle = {
+        runId,
+        stageId,
+        stageName: name,
+        get status() {
+          return stageSnapshot.status;
+        },
+        get sessionId() {
+          return innerCtx.__sessionMeta().sessionId;
+        },
+        get sessionFile() {
+          return innerCtx.__sessionMeta().sessionFile;
+        },
+        get isStreaming() {
+          return innerCtx.isStreaming;
+        },
+        get messages() {
+          return innerCtx.messages;
+        },
+        async ensureAttached() {
+          await innerCtx.__ensureSession();
+          const meta = innerCtx.__sessionMeta();
+          if (meta.sessionId !== undefined || meta.sessionFile !== undefined) {
+            activeStore.recordStageSession(runId, stageId, meta);
+          }
+        },
+        async prompt(text: string) {
+          await innerCtx.prompt(text);
+          const meta = innerCtx.__sessionMeta();
+          if (meta.sessionId !== undefined || meta.sessionFile !== undefined) {
+            activeStore.recordStageSession(runId, stageId, meta);
+          }
+        },
+        async steer(text: string) {
+          await innerCtx.steer(text);
+        },
+        async followUp(text: string) {
+          await innerCtx.followUp(text);
+        },
+        async pause() {
+          const changed = activeStore.recordStagePaused(runId, stageId);
+          if (changed) await cascadePauseFrom(stageId);
+          await innerCtx.__requestPause();
+        },
+        async resume(message?: string) {
+          const changed = activeStore.recordStageResumed(runId, stageId);
+          if (changed) cascadeResumeFrom(stageId);
+          await innerCtx.__resume(message);
+        },
+        subscribe(listener: AgentSessionEventListener) {
+          return innerCtx.subscribe(listener);
+        },
+      };
+      const unregisterStageHandle = stageRegistry.register(handle);
+
+      // f. Record stage start in store (as pending), call onStageStart.
+      activeStore.recordStageStart(runId, stageSnapshot);
+      opts.onStageStart?.(runId, stageSnapshot);
+      const blockedBy = blockingAncestorFor(stageSnapshot);
+      if (blockedBy !== undefined) {
+        blockStageUntilCascadeRelease(stageSnapshot, blockedBy);
+      }
+
+
+      const runTrackedStageCall = async (call: () => Promise<string>): Promise<string> => {
+        const barrier = releaseBarriers.get(stageId);
+        if (barrier) {
+          try {
+            await barrier.promise;
+          } catch (err) {
+            activeStore.recordStageAttachable(runId, stageId, false);
+            unregisterStageHandle();
+            await disposeInnerContext();
+            throw err;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Block here until a concurrency slot is available for this run.
+        await limiter.acquire();
+
+        stageSnapshot.status = "running";
+        stageSnapshot.startedAt = Date.now();
+        activeStore.recordStageStart(runId, stageSnapshot);
+
+        // Persistence: append stage.start entry
+        if (opts.persistence) {
+          appendStageStart(opts.persistence, {
+            runId,
+            stageId,
+            name,
+            parentIds: stageSnapshot.parentIds,
+            ts: stageSnapshot.startedAt,
+          });
+        }
+
+        const mcpAllow = options?.mcp?.allow ?? null;
+        const mcpDeny = options?.mcp?.deny ?? null;
+        const hasMcpScope = mcpAllow !== null || mcpDeny !== null;
+
+        if (opts.mcp && hasMcpScope) {
+          opts.mcp.setScope(stageId, mcpAllow, mcpDeny);
+        }
+
+        try {
+          const abortSession = (): void => {
+            void innerCtx.abort().catch(() => {});
+          };
+          if (ownController.signal.aborted) abortSession();
+          else ownController.signal.addEventListener("abort", abortSession, { once: true });
+          let result = "";
+          try {
+            result = await raceAbort(call(), ownController.signal);
+          } finally {
+            ownController.signal.removeEventListener("abort", abortSession);
+          }
+          // Capture SDK session metadata into the snapshot so the
+          // attached chat surface can reopen the persisted session
+          // via SessionManager.open(sessionFile) post-mortem.
+          {
+            const meta = innerCtx.__sessionMeta();
+            if (meta.sessionId !== undefined || meta.sessionFile !== undefined) {
+              activeStore.recordStageSession(runId, stageId, meta);
+            }
+            const modelMeta = innerCtx.__modelFallbackMeta();
+            if (modelMeta.model !== undefined) stageSnapshot.model = modelMeta.model;
+            if (modelMeta.attemptedModels !== undefined) stageSnapshot.attemptedModels = modelMeta.attemptedModels;
+            if (modelMeta.modelAttempts !== undefined) stageSnapshot.modelAttempts = modelMeta.modelAttempts;
+          }
+          stageSnapshot.status = "completed";
+          const assistantText = innerCtx.__getLastAssistantText();
+          if (assistantText !== undefined) {
+            stageSnapshot.result = assistantText;
+          }
+          return result;
+        } catch (err) {
+          stageSnapshot.status = "failed";
+          stageSnapshot.error = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+          throw err;
+        } finally {
+          stageSnapshot.endedAt = Date.now();
+          stageSnapshot.durationMs =
+            stageSnapshot.startedAt !== undefined
+              ? stageSnapshot.endedAt - stageSnapshot.startedAt
+              : undefined;
+
+          const finalModelMeta = innerCtx.__modelFallbackMeta();
+          if (finalModelMeta.model !== undefined) stageSnapshot.model = finalModelMeta.model;
+          if (finalModelMeta.attemptedModels !== undefined) stageSnapshot.attemptedModels = finalModelMeta.attemptedModels;
+          if (finalModelMeta.modelAttempts !== undefined) stageSnapshot.modelAttempts = finalModelMeta.modelAttempts;
+
+          if (opts.mcp && hasMcpScope) {
+            opts.mcp.clearScope(stageId);
+          }
+
+          activeStore.recordStageEnd(runId, stageSnapshot);
+          opts.onStageEnd?.(runId, stageSnapshot);
+
+          // Persistence: append stage.end entry
+          if (opts.persistence) {
+            appendStageEnd(opts.persistence, {
+              runId,
+              stageId,
+              status: stageSnapshot.status,
+              durationMs: stageSnapshot.durationMs,
+            });
+          }
+
+          tracker.onSettle(stageId);
+          activeStore.recordStageAttachable(runId, stageId, false);
+          unregisterStageHandle();
+          try {
+            await disposeInnerContext();
+          } finally {
+            limiter.release();
+          }
+        }
+      };
+
+      const noticeValue = (value: unknown): string => {
+        if (typeof value === "string") return value;
+        if (value === undefined || value === null) return "";
+        if (typeof value === "object") {
+          const candidate = value as { id?: unknown; name?: unknown; label?: unknown };
+          if (typeof candidate.id === "string") return candidate.id;
+          if (typeof candidate.name === "string") return candidate.name;
+          if (typeof candidate.label === "string") return candidate.label;
+        }
+        return String(value);
+      };
+
+      const recordStageNotice = (notice: Omit<StageNotice, "id" | "ts">): void => {
+        activeStore.recordStageNotice(runId, stageId, {
+          id: crypto.randomUUID(),
+          ts: Date.now(),
+          ...notice,
+        });
+      };
+
+      const compactionMeta = (result: unknown): string | undefined => {
+        if (result === undefined || result === null || typeof result !== "object") return undefined;
+        const compaction = result as { tokensBefore?: unknown; tokensAfter?: unknown; tokensKept?: unknown };
+        const before = typeof compaction.tokensBefore === "number" ? compaction.tokensBefore : undefined;
+        const keptRaw = compaction.tokensKept ?? compaction.tokensAfter;
+        const kept = typeof keptRaw === "number" ? keptRaw : undefined;
+        if (before === undefined || kept === undefined) return undefined;
+        return `${(before / 1000).toFixed(1)}k → ${(kept / 1000).toFixed(1)}k`;
+      };
+
+      const stageContext: StageContext & Pick<InternalStageContext, "__modelFallbackMeta"> = {
+        name: innerCtx.name,
+        prompt: (text, promptOptions) => runTrackedStageCall(() => innerCtx.prompt(text, promptOptions)),
+        complete: (text, completeOptions) => runTrackedStageCall(() => innerCtx.complete(text, completeOptions)),
+        steer: (text) => innerCtx.steer(text),
+        followUp: (text) => innerCtx.followUp(text),
+        subscribe: (listener) => innerCtx.subscribe(listener),
+        get sessionFile() { return innerCtx.sessionFile; },
+        get sessionId() { return innerCtx.sessionId; },
+        setModel: async (model) => {
+          await innerCtx.__ensureSession();
+          recordStageNotice({ kind: "model", from: noticeValue(innerCtx.model), to: noticeValue(model) });
+          await innerCtx.setModel(model);
+        },
+        setThinkingLevel: (level) => {
+          recordStageNotice({ kind: "thinking", from: noticeValue(innerCtx.thinkingLevel), to: noticeValue(level) });
+          innerCtx.setThinkingLevel(level);
+        },
+        cycleModel: async () => {
+          const from = noticeValue(innerCtx.model);
+          const result = await innerCtx.cycleModel();
+          recordStageNotice({ kind: "model", from, to: noticeValue(innerCtx.model) });
+          return result;
+        },
+        cycleThinkingLevel: () => {
+          const from = noticeValue(innerCtx.thinkingLevel);
+          const result = innerCtx.cycleThinkingLevel();
+          recordStageNotice({ kind: "thinking", from, to: noticeValue(innerCtx.thinkingLevel) });
+          return result;
+        },
+        get agent() { return innerCtx.agent; },
+        get model() { return innerCtx.model; },
+        get thinkingLevel() { return innerCtx.thinkingLevel; },
+        get messages() { return innerCtx.messages; },
+        get isStreaming() { return innerCtx.isStreaming; },
+        navigateTree: async (targetId, treeOptions) => {
+          recordStageNotice({ kind: "tree", to: targetId });
+          return innerCtx.navigateTree(targetId, treeOptions);
+        },
+        compact: async (customInstructions) => {
+          const result = await innerCtx.compact(customInstructions);
+          recordStageNotice({ kind: "compaction", to: "summarized", meta: compactionMeta(result) });
+          return result;
+        },
+        abortCompaction: () => innerCtx.abortCompaction(),
+        abort: async () => {
+          recordStageNotice({ kind: "abort", to: "interrupted" });
+          await innerCtx.abort();
+        },
+        __modelFallbackMeta: () => innerCtx.__modelFallbackMeta(),
+      };
+      return stageContext;
+    },
+
+    async task(name: string, options: WorkflowTaskOptions): Promise<WorkflowTaskResult> {
+      const stage = ctx.stage(name, taskStageOptions(options));
+      const rawText = await stage.prompt(applyTaskContext(taskPrompt(options), taskPrevious(options)));
+      const text = truncateTaskOutput(rawText, options.maxOutput);
+      const sessionId = (() => {
+        try {
+          return stage.sessionId;
+        } catch {
+          return undefined;
+        }
+      })();
+      const stageMeta = (stage as InternalStageContext).__modelFallbackMeta?.() ?? {};
+      return {
+        name,
+        stageName: name,
+        text,
+        ...(sessionId !== undefined ? { sessionId } : {}),
+        ...(stage.sessionFile !== undefined ? { sessionFile: stage.sessionFile } : {}),
+        ...(stageMeta.model !== undefined ? { model: stageMeta.model } : {}),
+        ...(stageMeta.attemptedModels !== undefined ? { attemptedModels: stageMeta.attemptedModels } : {}),
+        ...(stageMeta.modelAttempts !== undefined ? { modelAttempts: stageMeta.modelAttempts } : {}),
+        ...(stageMeta.warnings !== undefined ? { warnings: stageMeta.warnings } : {}),
+      };
+    },
+
+    async chain(steps: readonly WorkflowTaskStep[], options: WorkflowChainOptions = {}): Promise<WorkflowTaskResult[]> {
+      const results: WorkflowTaskResult[] = [];
+      for (let index = 0; index < steps.length; index += 1) {
+        const step = steps[index]!;
+        const explicitPrevious = taskPrevious(step);
+        const previous = explicitPrevious ?? (index > 0 ? results[index - 1] : undefined);
+        const prompt = replaceTaskPlaceholder(chainStepPrompt(step, index), options.task ?? "");
+        results.push(await ctx.task(step.name, taskOptionsFromStep(step, prompt, previous)));
+      }
+      return results;
+    },
+
+    async parallel(steps: readonly WorkflowTaskStep[], options: WorkflowParallelOptions = {}): Promise<WorkflowTaskResult[]> {
+      const fallback = parallelFallbackTask(steps, options);
+      return Promise.all(
+        steps.map((step) => {
+          const prompt = replaceTaskPlaceholder(step.prompt ?? step.task ?? fallback, options.task ?? fallback);
+          return ctx.task(step.name, taskOptionsFromStep(step, prompt, taskPrevious(step)));
+        }),
+      );
+    },
+  };
+
+  // 6. Call def.run(ctx)
+  try {
+    if (opts.deferWorkflowStart === true) {
+      await nextEventLoopTurn();
+      if (ownController.signal.aborted) {
+        return finalizeKilled(runId, runSnapshot, activeStore, opts.persistence, opts.onRunEnd);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const result = await def.run(ctx);
+
+    // Post-body abort check: if signal was aborted at any point before we record
+    // completion, the run must be finalized as "killed", never "completed".
+    if (ownController.signal.aborted) {
+      return finalizeKilled(runId, runSnapshot, activeStore, opts.persistence, opts.onRunEnd);
+    }
+
+    const recorded = activeStore.recordRunEnd(runId, "completed", result);
+    opts.onRunEnd?.(runId, "completed", result);
+
+    appendRunEndWhenRecorded(opts.persistence, recorded, {
+      runId,
+      status: "completed",
+      result,
+      ts: Date.now(),
+    });
+
+    return {
+      runId,
+      status: "completed",
+      result,
+      stages: [...runSnapshot.stages],
+    };
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (ownController.signal.aborted) {
+      return finalizeKilled(runId, runSnapshot, activeStore, opts.persistence, opts.onRunEnd);
+    }
+
+    const errorMessage = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+
+    const recorded = activeStore.recordRunEnd(runId, "failed", undefined, errorMessage);
+    opts.onRunEnd?.(runId, "failed", undefined, errorMessage);
+
+    appendRunEndWhenRecorded(opts.persistence, recorded, {
+      runId,
+      status: "failed",
+      ts: Date.now(),
+    });
+
+    return {
+      runId,
+      status: "failed",
+      error: errorMessage,
+      stages: [...runSnapshot.stages],
+    };
+  } finally {
+    opts.cancellation?.unregister(runId);
+  }
+}