@bastani/atomic 0.5.11 → 0.5.12-1

package/.agents/skills/frontend-design/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: frontend-design
+description: Create distinctive, production-grade frontend interfaces with high design quality. Generates creative, polished code that avoids generic AI aesthetics. Use when the user asks to build web components, pages, artifacts, posters, or applications, or when any design skill requires project context.
+license: Apache 2.0. Based on Anthropic's frontend-design skill. See NOTICE.md for attribution.
+---
+
+This skill guides creation of distinctive, production-grade frontend interfaces that avoid generic "AI slop" aesthetics. Implement real working code with exceptional attention to aesthetic details and creative choices.
+
+## Context Gathering Protocol
+
+Design skills produce generic output without project context. You MUST have confirmed design context before doing any design work.
+
+**Required context** — every design skill needs at minimum:
+- **Target audience**: Who uses this product and in what context?
+- **Use cases**: What jobs are they trying to get done?
+- **Brand personality/tone**: How should the interface feel?
+
+Individual skills may require additional context — check the skill's preparation section for specifics.
+
+**CRITICAL**: You cannot infer this context by reading the codebase. Code tells you what was built, not who it's for or what it should feel like. Only the creator can provide this context.
+
+**Gathering order:**
+1. **Check current instructions (instant)**: If your loaded instructions already contain a **Design Context** section, proceed immediately.
+2. **Check .impeccable.md (fast)**: If not in instructions, read `.impeccable.md` from the project root. If it exists and contains the required context, proceed.
+3. **Run teach-impeccable (REQUIRED)**: If neither source has context, you MUST run /teach-impeccable NOW before doing anything else. Do NOT skip this step. Do NOT attempt to infer context from the codebase instead.
+
+---
+
+## Design Direction
+
+Commit to a BOLD aesthetic direction:
+- **Purpose**: What problem does this interface solve? Who uses it?
+- **Tone**: Pick an extreme: brutally minimal, maximalist chaos, retro-futuristic, organic/natural, luxury/refined, playful/toy-like, editorial/magazine, brutalist/raw, art deco/geometric, soft/pastel, industrial/utilitarian, etc. There are so many flavors to choose from. Use these for inspiration but design one that is true to the aesthetic direction.
+- **Constraints**: Technical requirements (framework, performance, accessibility).
+- **Differentiation**: What makes this UNFORGETTABLE? What's the one thing someone will remember?
+
+**CRITICAL**: Choose a clear conceptual direction and execute it with precision. Bold maximalism and refined minimalism both work—the key is intentionality, not intensity.
+
+Then implement working code that is:
+- Production-grade and functional
+- Visually striking and memorable
+- Cohesive with a clear aesthetic point-of-view
+- Meticulously refined in every detail
+
+## Frontend Aesthetics Guidelines
+
+### Typography
+→ *Consult [typography reference](reference/typography.md) for scales, pairing, and loading strategies.*
+
+Choose fonts that are beautiful, unique, and interesting. Pair a distinctive display font with a refined body font.
+
+**DO**: Use a modular type scale with fluid sizing (clamp)
+**DO**: Vary font weights and sizes to create clear visual hierarchy
+**DON'T**: Use overused fonts—Inter, Roboto, Arial, Open Sans, system defaults
+**DON'T**: Use monospace typography as lazy shorthand for "technical/developer" vibes
+**DON'T**: Put large icons with rounded corners above every heading—they rarely add value and make sites look templated
+
+### Color & Theme
+→ *Consult [color reference](reference/color-and-contrast.md) for OKLCH, palettes, and dark mode.*
+
+Commit to a cohesive palette. Dominant colors with sharp accents outperform timid, evenly-distributed palettes.
+
+**DO**: Use modern CSS color functions (oklch, color-mix, light-dark) for perceptually uniform, maintainable palettes
+**DO**: Tint your neutrals toward your brand hue—even a subtle hint creates subconscious cohesion
+**DON'T**: Use gray text on colored backgrounds—it looks washed out; use a shade of the background color instead
+**DON'T**: Use pure black (#000) or pure white (#fff)—always tint; pure black/white never appears in nature
+**DON'T**: Use the AI color palette: cyan-on-dark, purple-to-blue gradients, neon accents on dark backgrounds
+**DON'T**: Use gradient text for "impact"—especially on metrics or headings; it's decorative rather than meaningful
+**DON'T**: Default to dark mode with glowing accents—it looks "cool" without requiring actual design decisions
+
+### Layout & Space
+→ *Consult [spatial reference](reference/spatial-design.md) for grids, rhythm, and container queries.*
+
+Create visual rhythm through varied spacing—not the same padding everywhere. Embrace asymmetry and unexpected compositions. Break the grid intentionally for emphasis.
+
+**DO**: Create visual rhythm through varied spacing—tight groupings, generous separations
+**DO**: Use fluid spacing with clamp() that breathes on larger screens
+**DO**: Use asymmetry and unexpected compositions; break the grid intentionally for emphasis
+**DON'T**: Wrap everything in cards—not everything needs a container
+**DON'T**: Nest cards inside cards—visual noise, flatten the hierarchy
+**DON'T**: Use identical card grids—same-sized cards with icon + heading + text, repeated endlessly
+**DON'T**: Use the hero metric layout template—big number, small label, supporting stats, gradient accent
+**DON'T**: Center everything—left-aligned text with asymmetric layouts feels more designed
+**DON'T**: Use the same spacing everywhere—without rhythm, layouts feel monotonous
+
+### Visual Details
+**DO**: Use intentional, purposeful decorative elements that reinforce brand
+**DON'T**: Use glassmorphism everywhere—blur effects, glass cards, glow borders used decoratively rather than purposefully
+**DON'T**: Use rounded elements with thick colored border on one side—a lazy accent that almost never looks intentional
+**DON'T**: Use sparklines as decoration—tiny charts that look sophisticated but convey nothing meaningful
+**DON'T**: Use rounded rectangles with generic drop shadows—safe, forgettable, could be any AI output
+**DON'T**: Use modals unless there's truly no better alternative—modals are lazy
+
+### Motion
+→ *Consult [motion reference](reference/motion-design.md) for timing, easing, and reduced motion.*
+
+Focus on high-impact moments: one well-orchestrated page load with staggered reveals creates more delight than scattered micro-interactions.
+
+**DO**: Use motion to convey state changes—entrances, exits, feedback
+**DO**: Use exponential easing (ease-out-quart/quint/expo) for natural deceleration
+**DO**: For height animations, use grid-template-rows transitions instead of animating height directly
+**DON'T**: Animate layout properties (width, height, padding, margin)—use transform and opacity only
+**DON'T**: Use bounce or elastic easing—they feel dated and tacky; real objects decelerate smoothly
+
+### Interaction
+→ *Consult [interaction reference](reference/interaction-design.md) for forms, focus, and loading patterns.*
+
+Make interactions feel fast. Use optimistic UI—update immediately, sync later.
+
+**DO**: Use progressive disclosure—start simple, reveal sophistication through interaction (basic options first, advanced behind expandable sections; hover states that reveal secondary actions)
+**DO**: Design empty states that teach the interface, not just say "nothing here"
+**DO**: Make every interactive surface feel intentional and responsive
+**DON'T**: Repeat the same information—redundant headers, intros that restate the heading
+**DON'T**: Make every button primary—use ghost buttons, text links, secondary styles; hierarchy matters
+
+### Responsive
+→ *Consult [responsive reference](reference/responsive-design.md) for mobile-first, fluid design, and container queries.*
+
+**DO**: Use container queries (@container) for component-level responsiveness
+**DO**: Adapt the interface for different contexts—don't just shrink it
+**DON'T**: Hide critical functionality on mobile—adapt the interface, don't amputate it
+
+### UX Writing
+→ *Consult [ux-writing reference](reference/ux-writing.md) for labels, errors, and empty states.*
+
+**DO**: Make every word earn its place
+**DON'T**: Repeat information users can already see
+
+---
+
+## The AI Slop Test
+
+**Critical quality check**: If you showed this interface to someone and said "AI made this," would they believe you immediately? If yes, that's the problem.
+
+A distinctive interface should make someone ask "how was this made?" not "which AI made this?"
+
+Review the DON'T guidelines above—they are the fingerprints of AI-generated work from 2024-2025.
+
+---
+
+## Implementation Principles
+
+Match implementation complexity to the aesthetic vision. Maximalist designs need elaborate code with extensive animations and effects. Minimalist or refined designs need restraint, precision, and careful attention to spacing, typography, and subtle details.
+
+Interpret creatively and make unexpected choices that feel genuinely designed for the context. No design should be the same. Vary between light and dark themes, different fonts, different aesthetics. NEVER converge on common choices across generations.
+
+Remember: the model is capable of extraordinary creative work. Don't hold back—show what can truly be created when thinking outside the box and committing fully to a distinctive vision.

package/.agents/skills/frontend-design/reference/color-and-contrast.md

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+# Color & Contrast
+
+## Color Spaces: Use OKLCH
+
+**Stop using HSL.** Use OKLCH (or LCH) instead. It's perceptually uniform, meaning equal steps in lightness *look* equal—unlike HSL where 50% lightness in yellow looks bright while 50% in blue looks dark.
+
+```css
+/* OKLCH: lightness (0-100%), chroma (0-0.4+), hue (0-360) */
+--color-primary: oklch(60% 0.15 250);      /* Blue */
+--color-primary-light: oklch(85% 0.08 250); /* Same hue, lighter */
+--color-primary-dark: oklch(35% 0.12 250);  /* Same hue, darker */
+```
+
+**Key insight**: As you move toward white or black, reduce chroma (saturation). High chroma at extreme lightness looks garish. A light blue at 85% lightness needs ~0.08 chroma, not the 0.15 of your base color.
+
+## Building Functional Palettes
+
+### The Tinted Neutral Trap
+
+**Pure gray is dead.** Add a subtle hint of your brand hue to all neutrals:
+
+```css
+/* Dead grays */
+--gray-100: oklch(95% 0 0);     /* No personality */
+--gray-900: oklch(15% 0 0);
+
+/* Warm-tinted grays (add brand warmth) */
+--gray-100: oklch(95% 0.01 60);  /* Hint of warmth */
+--gray-900: oklch(15% 0.01 60);
+
+/* Cool-tinted grays (tech, professional) */
+--gray-100: oklch(95% 0.01 250); /* Hint of blue */
+--gray-900: oklch(15% 0.01 250);
+```
+
+The chroma is tiny (0.01) but perceptible. It creates subconscious cohesion between your brand color and your UI.
+
+### Palette Structure
+
+A complete system needs:
+
+| Role | Purpose | Example |
+|------|---------|---------|
+| **Primary** | Brand, CTAs, key actions | 1 color, 3-5 shades |
+| **Neutral** | Text, backgrounds, borders | 9-11 shade scale |
+| **Semantic** | Success, error, warning, info | 4 colors, 2-3 shades each |
+| **Surface** | Cards, modals, overlays | 2-3 elevation levels |
+
+**Skip secondary/tertiary unless you need them.** Most apps work fine with one accent color. Adding more creates decision fatigue and visual noise.
+
+### The 60-30-10 Rule (Applied Correctly)
+
+This rule is about **visual weight**, not pixel count:
+
+- **60%**: Neutral backgrounds, white space, base surfaces
+- **30%**: Secondary colors—text, borders, inactive states
+- **10%**: Accent—CTAs, highlights, focus states
+
+The common mistake: using the accent color everywhere because it's "the brand color." Accent colors work *because* they're rare. Overuse kills their power.
+
+## Contrast & Accessibility
+
+### WCAG Requirements
+
+| Content Type | AA Minimum | AAA Target |
+|--------------|------------|------------|
+| Body text | 4.5:1 | 7:1 |
+| Large text (18px+ or 14px bold) | 3:1 | 4.5:1 |
+| UI components, icons | 3:1 | 4.5:1 |
+| Non-essential decorations | None | None |
+
+**The gotcha**: Placeholder text still needs 4.5:1. That light gray placeholder you see everywhere? Usually fails WCAG.
+
+### Dangerous Color Combinations
+
+These commonly fail contrast or cause readability issues:
+
+- Light gray text on white (the #1 accessibility fail)
+- **Gray text on any colored background**—gray looks washed out and dead on color. Use a darker shade of the background color, or transparency
+- Red text on green background (or vice versa)—8% of men can't distinguish these
+- Blue text on red background (vibrates visually)
+- Yellow text on white (almost always fails)
+- Thin light text on images (unpredictable contrast)
+
+### Never Use Pure Gray or Pure Black
+
+Pure gray (`oklch(50% 0 0)`) and pure black (`#000`) don't exist in nature—real shadows and surfaces always have a color cast. Even a chroma of 0.005-0.01 is enough to feel natural without being obviously tinted. (See tinted neutrals example above.)
+
+### Testing
+
+Don't trust your eyes. Use tools:
+
+- [WebAIM Contrast Checker](https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/)
+- Browser DevTools → Rendering → Emulate vision deficiencies
+- [Polypane](https://polypane.app/) for real-time testing
+
+## Theming: Light & Dark Mode
+
+### Dark Mode Is Not Inverted Light Mode
+
+You can't just swap colors. Dark mode requires different design decisions:
+
+| Light Mode | Dark Mode |
+|------------|-----------|
+| Shadows for depth | Lighter surfaces for depth (no shadows) |
+| Dark text on light | Light text on dark (reduce font weight) |
+| Vibrant accents | Desaturate accents slightly |
+| White backgrounds | Never pure black—use dark gray (oklch 12-18%) |
+
+```css
+/* Dark mode depth via surface color, not shadow */
+:root[data-theme="dark"] {
+  --surface-1: oklch(15% 0.01 250);
+  --surface-2: oklch(20% 0.01 250);  /* "Higher" = lighter */
+  --surface-3: oklch(25% 0.01 250);
+
+  /* Reduce text weight slightly */
+  --body-weight: 350;  /* Instead of 400 */
+}
+```
+
+### Token Hierarchy
+
+Use two layers: primitive tokens (`--blue-500`) and semantic tokens (`--color-primary: var(--blue-500)`). For dark mode, only redefine the semantic layer—primitives stay the same.
+
+## Alpha Is A Design Smell
+
+Heavy use of transparency (rgba, hsla) usually means an incomplete palette. Alpha creates unpredictable contrast, performance overhead, and inconsistency. Define explicit overlay colors for each context instead. Exception: focus rings and interactive states where see-through is needed.
+
+---
+
+**Avoid**: Relying on color alone to convey information. Creating palettes without clear roles for each color. Using pure black (#000) for large areas. Skipping color blindness testing (8% of men affected).

package/.agents/skills/frontend-design/reference/interaction-design.md

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+# Interaction Design
+
+## The Eight Interactive States
+
+Every interactive element needs these states designed:
+
+| State | When | Visual Treatment |
+|-------|------|------------------|
+| **Default** | At rest | Base styling |
+| **Hover** | Pointer over (not touch) | Subtle lift, color shift |
+| **Focus** | Keyboard/programmatic focus | Visible ring (see below) |
+| **Active** | Being pressed | Pressed in, darker |
+| **Disabled** | Not interactive | Reduced opacity, no pointer |
+| **Loading** | Processing | Spinner, skeleton |
+| **Error** | Invalid state | Red border, icon, message |
+| **Success** | Completed | Green check, confirmation |
+
+**The common miss**: Designing hover without focus, or vice versa. They're different. Keyboard users never see hover states.
+
+## Focus Rings: Do Them Right
+
+**Never `outline: none` without replacement.** It's an accessibility violation. Instead, use `:focus-visible` to show focus only for keyboard users:
+
+```css
+/* Hide focus ring for mouse/touch */
+button:focus {
+  outline: none;
+}
+
+/* Show focus ring for keyboard */
+button:focus-visible {
+  outline: 2px solid var(--color-accent);
+  outline-offset: 2px;
+}
+```
+
+**Focus ring design**:
+- High contrast (3:1 minimum against adjacent colors)
+- 2-3px thick
+- Offset from element (not inside it)
+- Consistent across all interactive elements
+
+## Form Design: The Non-Obvious
+
+**Placeholders aren't labels**—they disappear on input. Always use visible `<label>` elements. **Validate on blur**, not on every keystroke (exception: password strength). Place errors **below** fields with `aria-describedby` connecting them.
+
+## Loading States
+
+**Optimistic updates**: Show success immediately, rollback on failure. Use for low-stakes actions (likes, follows), not payments or destructive actions. **Skeleton screens > spinners**—they preview content shape and feel faster than generic spinners.
+
+## Modals: The Inert Approach
+
+Focus trapping in modals used to require complex JavaScript. Now use the `inert` attribute:
+
+```html
+<!-- When modal is open -->
+<main inert>
+  <!-- Content behind modal can't be focused or clicked -->
+</main>
+<dialog open>
+  <h2>Modal Title</h2>
+  <!-- Focus stays inside modal -->
+</dialog>
+```
+
+Or use the native `<dialog>` element:
+
+```javascript
+const dialog = document.querySelector('dialog');
+dialog.showModal();  // Opens with focus trap, closes on Escape
+```
+
+## The Popover API
+
+For tooltips, dropdowns, and non-modal overlays, use native popovers:
+
+```html
+<button popovertarget="menu">Open menu</button>
+<div id="menu" popover>
+  <button>Option 1</button>
+  <button>Option 2</button>
+</div>
+```
+
+**Benefits**: Light-dismiss (click outside closes), proper stacking, no z-index wars, accessible by default.
+
+## Dropdown & Overlay Positioning
+
+Dropdowns rendered with `position: absolute` inside a container that has `overflow: hidden` or `overflow: auto` will be clipped. This is the single most common dropdown bug in generated code.
+
+### CSS Anchor Positioning
+
+The modern solution uses the CSS Anchor Positioning API to tether an overlay to its trigger without JavaScript:
+
+```css
+.trigger {
+  anchor-name: --menu-trigger;
+}
+
+.dropdown {
+  position: fixed;
+  position-anchor: --menu-trigger;
+  position-area: block-end span-inline-end;
+  margin-top: 4px;
+}
+
+/* Flip above if no room below */
+@position-try --flip-above {
+  position-area: block-start span-inline-end;
+  margin-bottom: 4px;
+}
+```
+
+Because the dropdown uses `position: fixed`, it escapes any `overflow` clipping on ancestor elements. The `@position-try` block handles viewport edges automatically. **Browser support**: Chrome 125+, Edge 125+. Not yet in Firefox or Safari - use a fallback for those browsers.
+
+### Popover + Anchor Combo
+
+Combining the Popover API with anchor positioning gives you stacking, light-dismiss, accessibility, and correct positioning in one pattern:
+
+```html
+<button popovertarget="menu" class="trigger">Open</button>
+<div id="menu" popover class="dropdown">
+  <button>Option 1</button>
+  <button>Option 2</button>
+</div>
+```
+
+The `popover` attribute places the element in the **top layer**, which sits above all other content regardless of z-index or overflow. No portal needed.
+
+### Portal / Teleport Pattern
+
+In component frameworks, render the dropdown at the document root and position it with JavaScript:
+
+- **React**: `createPortal(dropdown, document.body)`
+- **Vue**: `<Teleport to="body">`
+- **Svelte**: Use a portal library or mount to `document.body`
+
+Calculate position from the trigger's `getBoundingClientRect()`, then apply `position: fixed` with `top` and `left` values. Recalculate on scroll and resize.
+
+### Fixed Positioning Fallback
+
+For browsers without anchor positioning support, `position: fixed` with manual coordinates avoids overflow clipping:
+
+```css
+.dropdown {
+  position: fixed;
+  /* top/left set via JS from trigger's getBoundingClientRect() */
+}
+```
+
+Check viewport boundaries before rendering. If the dropdown would overflow the bottom edge, flip it above the trigger. If it would overflow the right edge, align it to the trigger's right side instead.
+
+### Anti-Patterns
+
+- **`position: absolute` inside `overflow: hidden`** - The dropdown will be clipped. Use `position: fixed` or the top layer instead.
+- **Arbitrary z-index values** like `z-index: 9999` - Use a semantic z-index scale: `dropdown (100) -> sticky (200) -> modal-backdrop (300) -> modal (400) -> toast (500) -> tooltip (600)`.
+- **Rendering dropdown markup inline** without an escape hatch from the parent's stacking context. Either use `popover` (top layer), a portal, or `position: fixed`.
+
+## Destructive Actions: Undo > Confirm
+
+**Undo is better than confirmation dialogs**—users click through confirmations mindlessly. Remove from UI immediately, show undo toast, actually delete after toast expires. Use confirmation only for truly irreversible actions (account deletion), high-cost actions, or batch operations.
+
+## Keyboard Navigation Patterns
+
+### Roving Tabindex
+
+For component groups (tabs, menu items, radio groups), one item is tabbable; arrow keys move within:
+
+```html
+<div role="tablist">
+  <button role="tab" tabindex="0">Tab 1</button>
+  <button role="tab" tabindex="-1">Tab 2</button>
+  <button role="tab" tabindex="-1">Tab 3</button>
+</div>
+```
+
+Arrow keys move `tabindex="0"` between items. Tab moves to the next component entirely.
+
+### Skip Links
+
+Provide skip links (`<a href="#main-content">Skip to main content</a>`) for keyboard users to jump past navigation. Hide off-screen, show on focus.
+
+## Gesture Discoverability
+
+Swipe-to-delete and similar gestures are invisible. Hint at their existence:
+
+- **Partially reveal**: Show delete button peeking from edge
+- **Onboarding**: Coach marks on first use
+- **Alternative**: Always provide a visible fallback (menu with "Delete")
+
+Don't rely on gestures as the only way to perform actions.
+
+---
+
+**Avoid**: Removing focus indicators without alternatives. Using placeholder text as labels. Touch targets <44x44px. Generic error messages. Custom controls without ARIA/keyboard support.

package/.agents/skills/frontend-design/reference/motion-design.md

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+# Motion Design
+
+## Duration: The 100/300/500 Rule
+
+Timing matters more than easing. These durations feel right for most UI:
+
+| Duration | Use Case | Examples |
+|----------|----------|----------|
+| **100-150ms** | Instant feedback | Button press, toggle, color change |
+| **200-300ms** | State changes | Menu open, tooltip, hover states |
+| **300-500ms** | Layout changes | Accordion, modal, drawer |
+| **500-800ms** | Entrance animations | Page load, hero reveals |
+
+**Exit animations are faster than entrances**—use ~75% of enter duration.
+
+## Easing: Pick the Right Curve
+
+**Don't use `ease`.** It's a compromise that's rarely optimal. Instead:
+
+| Curve | Use For | CSS |
+|-------|---------|-----|
+| **ease-out** | Elements entering | `cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1)` |
+| **ease-in** | Elements leaving | `cubic-bezier(0.7, 0, 0.84, 0)` |
+| **ease-in-out** | State toggles (there → back) | `cubic-bezier(0.65, 0, 0.35, 1)` |
+
+**For micro-interactions, use exponential curves**—they feel natural because they mimic real physics (friction, deceleration):
+
+```css
+/* Quart out - smooth, refined (recommended default) */
+--ease-out-quart: cubic-bezier(0.25, 1, 0.5, 1);
+
+/* Quint out - slightly more dramatic */
+--ease-out-quint: cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
+
+/* Expo out - snappy, confident */
+--ease-out-expo: cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
+```
+
+**Avoid bounce and elastic curves.** They were trendy in 2015 but now feel tacky and amateurish. Real objects don't bounce when they stop—they decelerate smoothly. Overshoot effects draw attention to the animation itself rather than the content.
+
+## The Only Two Properties You Should Animate
+
+**transform** and **opacity** only—everything else causes layout recalculation. For height animations (accordions), use `grid-template-rows: 0fr → 1fr` instead of animating `height` directly.
+
+## Staggered Animations
+
+Use CSS custom properties for cleaner stagger: `animation-delay: calc(var(--i, 0) * 50ms)` with `style="--i: 0"` on each item. **Cap total stagger time**—10 items at 50ms = 500ms total. For many items, reduce per-item delay or cap staggered count.
+
+## Reduced Motion
+
+This is not optional. Vestibular disorders affect ~35% of adults over 40.
+
+```css
+/* Define animations normally */
+.card {
+  animation: slide-up 500ms ease-out;
+}
+
+/* Provide alternative for reduced motion */
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+  .card {
+    animation: fade-in 200ms ease-out;  /* Crossfade instead of motion */
+  }
+}
+
+/* Or disable entirely */
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+  *, *::before, *::after {
+    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
+    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**What to preserve**: Functional animations like progress bars, loading spinners (slowed down), and focus indicators should still work—just without spatial movement.
+
+## Perceived Performance
+
+**Nobody cares how fast your site is—just how fast it feels.** Perception can be as effective as actual performance.
+
+**The 80ms threshold**: Our brains buffer sensory input for ~80ms to synchronize perception. Anything under 80ms feels instant and simultaneous. This is your target for micro-interactions.
+
+**Active vs passive time**: Passive waiting (staring at a spinner) feels longer than active engagement. Strategies to shift the balance:
+
+- **Preemptive start**: Begin transitions immediately while loading (iOS app zoom, skeleton UI). Users perceive work happening.
+- **Early completion**: Show content progressively—don't wait for everything. Video buffering, progressive images, streaming HTML.
+- **Optimistic UI**: Update the interface immediately, handle failures gracefully. Instagram likes work offline—the UI updates instantly, syncs later. Use for low-stakes actions; avoid for payments or destructive operations.
+
+**Easing affects perceived duration**: Ease-in (accelerating toward completion) makes tasks feel shorter because the peak-end effect weights final moments heavily. Ease-out feels satisfying for entrances, but ease-in toward a task's end compresses perceived time.
+
+**Caution**: Too-fast responses can decrease perceived value. Users may distrust instant results for complex operations (search, analysis). Sometimes a brief delay signals "real work" is happening.
+
+## Performance
+
+Don't use `will-change` preemptively—only when animation is imminent (`:hover`, `.animating`). For scroll-triggered animations, use Intersection Observer instead of scroll events; unobserve after animating once. Create motion tokens for consistency (durations, easings, common transitions).
+
+---
+
+**Avoid**: Animating everything (animation fatigue is real). Using >500ms for UI feedback. Ignoring `prefers-reduced-motion`. Using animation to hide slow loading.