@basemaps/lambda-tiler 6.15.0

package/dist/node_modules/sharp/src/pipeline.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,1516 @@
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <vips/vips8>
+#include <napi.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "operations.h"
+#include "pipeline.h"
+
+#if defined(WIN32)
+#define STAT64_STRUCT __stat64
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION _stat64
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#define STAT64_STRUCT stat
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION stat
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
+#define STAT64_STRUCT stat
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION stat
+#else
+#define STAT64_STRUCT stat64
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION stat64
+#endif
+
+class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
+ public:
+  PipelineWorker(Napi::Function callback, PipelineBaton *baton,
+    Napi::Function debuglog, Napi::Function queueListener) :
+    Napi::AsyncWorker(callback),
+    baton(baton),
+    debuglog(Napi::Persistent(debuglog)),
+    queueListener(Napi::Persistent(queueListener)) {}
+  ~PipelineWorker() {}
+
+  // libuv worker
+  void Execute() {
+    // Decrement queued task counter
+    g_atomic_int_dec_and_test(&sharp::counterQueue);
+    // Increment processing task counter
+    g_atomic_int_inc(&sharp::counterProcess);
+
+    try {
+      // Open input
+      vips::VImage image;
+      sharp::ImageType inputImageType;
+      std::tie(image, inputImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->input);
+
+      // Calculate angle of rotation
+      VipsAngle rotation;
+      if (baton->useExifOrientation) {
+        // Rotate and flip image according to Exif orientation
+        bool flip;
+        bool flop;
+        std::tie(rotation, flip, flop) = CalculateExifRotationAndFlip(sharp::ExifOrientation(image));
+        baton->flip = baton->flip || flip;
+        baton->flop = baton->flop || flop;
+      } else {
+        rotation = CalculateAngleRotation(baton->angle);
+      }
+
+      // Rotate pre-extract
+      if (baton->rotateBeforePreExtract) {
+        if (rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+          image = image.rot(rotation);
+          image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+        }
+        if (baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
+          std::vector<double> background;
+          std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground);
+          image = image.rotate(baton->rotationAngle, VImage::option()->set("background", background));
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Trim
+      if (baton->trimThreshold > 0.0) {
+        image = sharp::Trim(image, baton->trimThreshold);
+        baton->trimOffsetLeft = image.xoffset();
+        baton->trimOffsetTop = image.yoffset();
+      }
+
+      // Pre extraction
+      if (baton->topOffsetPre != -1) {
+        image = image.extract_area(baton->leftOffsetPre, baton->topOffsetPre, baton->widthPre, baton->heightPre);
+      }
+
+      // Get pre-resize image width and height
+      int inputWidth = image.width();
+      int inputHeight = image.height();
+      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
+        (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270)) {
+        // Swap input output width and height when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
+        std::swap(inputWidth, inputHeight);
+      }
+
+      // If withoutEnlargement is specified,
+      // Override target width and height if exceeds respective value from input file
+      if (baton->withoutEnlargement) {
+        if (baton->width > inputWidth) {
+          baton->width = inputWidth;
+        }
+        if (baton->height > inputHeight) {
+          baton->height = inputHeight;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Scaling calculations
+      double xfactor = 1.0;
+      double yfactor = 1.0;
+      int targetResizeWidth = baton->width;
+      int targetResizeHeight = baton->height;
+      if (baton->width > 0 && baton->height > 0) {
+        // Fixed width and height
+        xfactor = static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / static_cast<double>(baton->width);
+        yfactor = static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / static_cast<double>(baton->height);
+        switch (baton->canvas) {
+          case Canvas::CROP:
+            if (xfactor < yfactor) {
+              targetResizeHeight = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
+              yfactor = xfactor;
+            } else {
+              targetResizeWidth = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
+              xfactor = yfactor;
+            }
+            break;
+          case Canvas::EMBED:
+            if (xfactor > yfactor) {
+              targetResizeHeight = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
+              yfactor = xfactor;
+            } else {
+              targetResizeWidth = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
+              xfactor = yfactor;
+            }
+            break;
+          case Canvas::MAX:
+            if (xfactor > yfactor) {
+              targetResizeHeight = baton->height = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
+              yfactor = xfactor;
+            } else {
+              targetResizeWidth = baton->width = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
+              xfactor = yfactor;
+            }
+            break;
+          case Canvas::MIN:
+            if (xfactor < yfactor) {
+              targetResizeHeight = baton->height = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
+              yfactor = xfactor;
+            } else {
+              targetResizeWidth = baton->width = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
+              xfactor = yfactor;
+            }
+            break;
+          case Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT:
+            if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
+              (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270)) {
+              std::swap(xfactor, yfactor);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+      } else if (baton->width > 0) {
+        // Fixed width
+        xfactor = static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / static_cast<double>(baton->width);
+        if (baton->canvas == Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT) {
+          targetResizeHeight = baton->height = inputHeight;
+        } else {
+          // Auto height
+          yfactor = xfactor;
+          targetResizeHeight = baton->height = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / yfactor));
+        }
+      } else if (baton->height > 0) {
+        // Fixed height
+        yfactor = static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / static_cast<double>(baton->height);
+        if (baton->canvas == Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT) {
+          targetResizeWidth = baton->width = inputWidth;
+        } else {
+          // Auto width
+          xfactor = yfactor;
+          targetResizeWidth = baton->width = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / xfactor));
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Identity transform
+        baton->width = inputWidth;
+        baton->height = inputHeight;
+      }
+
+      // Calculate integral box shrink
+      int xshrink = std::max(1, static_cast<int>(floor(xfactor)));
+      int yshrink = std::max(1, static_cast<int>(floor(yfactor)));
+
+      // Calculate residual float affine transformation
+      double xresidual = static_cast<double>(xshrink) / xfactor;
+      double yresidual = static_cast<double>(yshrink) / yfactor;
+
+      // If integral x and y shrink are equal, try to use shrink-on-load for JPEG and WebP,
+      // but not when applying gamma correction, pre-resize extract or trim
+      int shrink_on_load = 1;
+
+      int shrink_on_load_factor = 1;
+      // Leave at least a factor of two for the final resize step, when fastShrinkOnLoad: false
+      // for more consistent results and avoid occasional small image shifting
+      if (!baton->fastShrinkOnLoad) {
+        shrink_on_load_factor = 2;
+      }
+      if (
+        xshrink == yshrink && xshrink >= 2 * shrink_on_load_factor &&
+        (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG || inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::WEBP) &&
+        baton->gamma == 0 && baton->topOffsetPre == -1 && baton->trimThreshold == 0.0 &&
+        image.width() > 3 && image.height() > 3 && baton->input->pages == 1
+      ) {
+        if (xshrink >= 8 * shrink_on_load_factor) {
+          xfactor = xfactor / 8;
+          yfactor = yfactor / 8;
+          shrink_on_load = 8;
+        } else if (xshrink >= 4 * shrink_on_load_factor) {
+          xfactor = xfactor / 4;
+          yfactor = yfactor / 4;
+          shrink_on_load = 4;
+        } else if (xshrink >= 2 * shrink_on_load_factor) {
+          xfactor = xfactor / 2;
+          yfactor = yfactor / 2;
+          shrink_on_load = 2;
+        }
+      }
+      // Help ensure a final kernel-based reduction to prevent shrink aliasing
+      if (shrink_on_load > 1 && (xresidual == 1.0 || yresidual == 1.0)) {
+        shrink_on_load = shrink_on_load / 2;
+        xfactor = xfactor * 2;
+        yfactor = yfactor * 2;
+      }
+      if (shrink_on_load > 1) {
+        // Reload input using shrink-on-load
+        vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
+          ->set("access", baton->input->access)
+          ->set("shrink", shrink_on_load)
+          ->set("fail", baton->input->failOnError);
+        if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
+          VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
+          if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG) {
+            // Reload JPEG buffer
+            image = VImage::jpegload_buffer(blob, option);
+          } else {
+            // Reload WebP buffer
+            image = VImage::webpload_buffer(blob, option);
+          }
+          vips_area_unref(reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(blob));
+        } else {
+          if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG) {
+            // Reload JPEG file
+            image = VImage::jpegload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
+          } else {
+            // Reload WebP file
+            image = VImage::webpload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
+          }
+        }
+        // Recalculate integral shrink and double residual
+        int const shrunkOnLoadWidth = image.width();
+        int const shrunkOnLoadHeight = image.height();
+        if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
+          (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270)) {
+          // Swap when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
+          xfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadWidth) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeHeight);
+          yfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadHeight) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeWidth);
+        } else {
+          xfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadWidth) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeWidth);
+          yfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadHeight) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeHeight);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Ensure we're using a device-independent colour space
+      if (
+        sharp::HasProfile(image) &&
+        image.interpretation() != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LABS &&
+        image.interpretation() != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_GREY16
+      ) {
+        // Convert to sRGB using embedded profile
+        try {
+          image = image.icc_transform("srgb", VImage::option()
+            ->set("embedded", TRUE)
+            ->set("depth", image.interpretation() == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB16 ? 16 : 8)
+            ->set("intent", VIPS_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL));
+        } catch(...) {
+          // Ignore failure of embedded profile
+        }
+      } else if (image.interpretation() == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK) {
+        image = image.icc_transform("srgb", VImage::option()
+          ->set("input_profile", "cmyk")
+          ->set("intent", VIPS_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL));
+      }
+
+      // Flatten image to remove alpha channel
+      if (baton->flatten && sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
+        // Scale up 8-bit values to match 16-bit input image
+        double const multiplier = sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 256.0 : 1.0;
+        // Background colour
+        std::vector<double> background {
+          baton->flattenBackground[0] * multiplier,
+          baton->flattenBackground[1] * multiplier,
+          baton->flattenBackground[2] * multiplier
+        };
+        image = image.flatten(VImage::option()
+          ->set("background", background));
+      }
+
+      // Negate the colours in the image
+      if (baton->negate) {
+        image = image.invert();
+      }
+
+      // Gamma encoding (darken)
+      if (baton->gamma >= 1 && baton->gamma <= 3) {
+        image = sharp::Gamma(image, 1.0 / baton->gamma);
+      }
+
+      // Convert to greyscale (linear, therefore after gamma encoding, if any)
+      if (baton->greyscale) {
+        image = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W);
+      }
+
+      bool const shouldResize = xfactor != 1.0 || yfactor != 1.0;
+      bool const shouldBlur = baton->blurSigma != 0.0;
+      bool const shouldConv = baton->convKernelWidth * baton->convKernelHeight > 0;
+      bool const shouldSharpen = baton->sharpenSigma != 0.0;
+      bool const shouldApplyMedian = baton->medianSize > 0;
+      bool const shouldComposite = !baton->composite.empty();
+      bool const shouldModulate = baton->brightness != 1.0 || baton->saturation != 1.0 || baton->hue != 0.0;
+      bool const shouldApplyClahe = baton->claheWidth != 0 && baton->claheHeight != 0;
+
+      if (shouldComposite && !sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
+        image = sharp::EnsureAlpha(image, 1);
+      }
+
+      bool const shouldPremultiplyAlpha = sharp::HasAlpha(image) &&
+        (shouldResize || shouldBlur || shouldConv || shouldSharpen || shouldComposite);
+
+      // Premultiply image alpha channel before all transformations to avoid
+      // dark fringing around bright pixels
+      // See: http://entropymine.com/imageworsener/resizealpha/
+      if (shouldPremultiplyAlpha) {
+        image = image.premultiply();
+      }
+
+      // Resize
+      if (shouldResize) {
+        VipsKernel kernel = static_cast<VipsKernel>(
+          vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_KERNEL, baton->kernel.data()));
+        if (
+          kernel != VIPS_KERNEL_NEAREST && kernel != VIPS_KERNEL_CUBIC && kernel != VIPS_KERNEL_LANCZOS2 &&
+          kernel != VIPS_KERNEL_LANCZOS3 && kernel != VIPS_KERNEL_MITCHELL
+        ) {
+          throw vips::VError("Unknown kernel");
+        }
+        // Ensure shortest edge is at least 1 pixel
+        if (image.width() / xfactor < 0.5) {
+          xfactor = 2 * image.width();
+          baton->width = 1;
+        }
+        if (image.height() / yfactor < 0.5) {
+          yfactor = 2 * image.height();
+          baton->height = 1;
+        }
+        image = image.resize(1.0 / xfactor, VImage::option()
+          ->set("vscale", 1.0 / yfactor)
+          ->set("kernel", kernel));
+      }
+
+      // Rotate post-extract 90-angle
+      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&  rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+          image = image.rot(rotation);
+          image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+      }
+
+
+      // Flip (mirror about Y axis)
+      if (baton->flip) {
+        image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL);
+        image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+      }
+
+      // Flop (mirror about X axis)
+      if (baton->flop) {
+        image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL);
+        image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+      }
+
+      // Join additional color channels to the image
+      if (baton->joinChannelIn.size() > 0) {
+        VImage joinImage;
+        sharp::ImageType joinImageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
+
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < baton->joinChannelIn.size(); i++) {
+          std::tie(joinImage, joinImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->joinChannelIn[i]);
+          image = image.bandjoin(joinImage);
+        }
+        image = image.copy(VImage::option()->set("interpretation", baton->colourspace));
+      }
+
+      // Crop/embed
+      if (image.width() != baton->width || image.height() != baton->height) {
+        if (baton->canvas == Canvas::EMBED) {
+          std::vector<double> background;
+          std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->resizeBackground);
+
+          // Embed
+
+          // Calculate where to position the embeded image if gravity specified, else center.
+          int left;
+          int top;
+
+          left = static_cast<int>(round((baton->width - image.width()) / 2));
+          top = static_cast<int>(round((baton->height - image.height()) / 2));
+
+          int width = std::max(image.width(), baton->width);
+          int height = std::max(image.height(), baton->height);
+          std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateEmbedPosition(
+            image.width(), image.height(), baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
+
+          image = image.embed(left, top, width, height, VImage::option()
+            ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+            ->set("background", background));
+
+        } else if (
+          baton->canvas != Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT &&
+          (image.width() > baton->width || image.height() > baton->height)
+        ) {
+          // Crop/max/min
+          if (baton->position < 9) {
+            // Gravity-based crop
+            int left;
+            int top;
+            std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(
+              image.width(), image.height(), baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
+            int width = std::min(image.width(), baton->width);
+            int height = std::min(image.height(), baton->height);
+            image = image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
+          } else {
+            // Attention-based or Entropy-based crop
+            if (baton->width > image.width()) {
+              baton->width = image.width();
+            }
+            if (baton->height > image.height()) {
+              baton->height = image.height();
+            }
+            image = image.tilecache(VImage::option()
+              ->set("access", VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM)
+              ->set("threaded", TRUE));
+            image = image.smartcrop(baton->width, baton->height, VImage::option()
+              ->set("interesting", baton->position == 16 ? VIPS_INTERESTING_ENTROPY : VIPS_INTERESTING_ATTENTION));
+            baton->hasCropOffset = true;
+            baton->cropOffsetLeft = static_cast<int>(image.xoffset());
+            baton->cropOffsetTop = static_cast<int>(image.yoffset());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Rotate post-extract non-90 angle
+      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
+        std::vector<double> background;
+        std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground);
+        image = image.rotate(baton->rotationAngle, VImage::option()->set("background", background));
+      }
+
+      // Post extraction
+      if (baton->topOffsetPost != -1) {
+        image = image.extract_area(
+          baton->leftOffsetPost, baton->topOffsetPost, baton->widthPost, baton->heightPost);
+      }
+
+      // Affine transform
+      if (baton->affineMatrix.size() > 0) {
+        std::vector<double> background;
+        std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->affineBackground);
+        image = image.affine(baton->affineMatrix, VImage::option()->set("background", background)
+          ->set("idx", baton->affineIdx)
+          ->set("idy", baton->affineIdy)
+          ->set("odx", baton->affineOdx)
+          ->set("ody", baton->affineOdy)
+          ->set("interpolate", baton->affineInterpolator));
+      }
+
+      // Extend edges
+      if (baton->extendTop > 0 || baton->extendBottom > 0 || baton->extendLeft > 0 || baton->extendRight > 0) {
+        std::vector<double> background;
+        std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->extendBackground);
+
+        // Embed
+        baton->width = image.width() + baton->extendLeft + baton->extendRight;
+        baton->height = image.height() + baton->extendTop + baton->extendBottom;
+
+        image = image.embed(baton->extendLeft, baton->extendTop, baton->width, baton->height,
+          VImage::option()->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)->set("background", background));
+      }
+      // Median - must happen before blurring, due to the utility of blurring after thresholding
+      if (shouldApplyMedian) {
+        image = image.median(baton->medianSize);
+      }
+      // Threshold - must happen before blurring, due to the utility of blurring after thresholding
+      if (baton->threshold != 0) {
+        image = sharp::Threshold(image, baton->threshold, baton->thresholdGrayscale);
+      }
+
+      // Blur
+      if (shouldBlur) {
+        image = sharp::Blur(image, baton->blurSigma);
+      }
+
+      // Convolve
+      if (shouldConv) {
+        image = sharp::Convolve(image,
+          baton->convKernelWidth, baton->convKernelHeight,
+          baton->convKernelScale, baton->convKernelOffset,
+          baton->convKernel);
+      }
+
+      // Recomb
+      if (baton->recombMatrix != NULL) {
+        image = sharp::Recomb(image, baton->recombMatrix);
+      }
+
+      if (shouldModulate) {
+        image = sharp::Modulate(image, baton->brightness, baton->saturation, baton->hue);
+      }
+
+      // Sharpen
+      if (shouldSharpen) {
+        image = sharp::Sharpen(image, baton->sharpenSigma, baton->sharpenFlat, baton->sharpenJagged);
+      }
+
+      // Composite
+      if (shouldComposite) {
+        for (Composite *composite : baton->composite) {
+          VImage compositeImage;
+          sharp::ImageType compositeImageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
+          std::tie(compositeImage, compositeImageType) = OpenInput(composite->input);
+          // Verify within current dimensions
+          if (compositeImage.width() > image.width() || compositeImage.height() > image.height()) {
+            throw vips::VError("Image to composite must have same dimensions or smaller");
+          }
+          // Check if overlay is tiled
+          if (composite->tile) {
+            int across = 0;
+            int down = 0;
+            // Use gravity in overlay
+            if (compositeImage.width() <= baton->width) {
+              across = static_cast<int>(ceil(static_cast<double>(image.width()) / compositeImage.width()));
+              // Ensure odd number of tiles across when gravity is centre, north or south
+              if (composite->gravity == 0 || composite->gravity == 1 || composite->gravity == 3) {
+                across |= 1;
+              }
+            }
+            if (compositeImage.height() <= baton->height) {
+              down = static_cast<int>(ceil(static_cast<double>(image.height()) / compositeImage.height()));
+              // Ensure odd number of tiles down when gravity is centre, east or west
+              if (composite->gravity == 0 || composite->gravity == 2 || composite->gravity == 4) {
+                down |= 1;
+              }
+            }
+            if (across != 0 || down != 0) {
+              int left;
+              int top;
+              compositeImage = compositeImage.replicate(across, down);
+              if (composite->hasOffset) {
+                std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(
+                  compositeImage.width(), compositeImage.height(), image.width(), image.height(),
+                  composite->left, composite->top);
+              } else {
+                std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(
+                  compositeImage.width(), compositeImage.height(), image.width(), image.height(), composite->gravity);
+              }
+              compositeImage = compositeImage.extract_area(left, top, image.width(), image.height());
+            }
+            // gravity was used for extract_area, set it back to its default value of 0
+            composite->gravity = 0;
+          }
+          // Ensure image to composite is sRGB with premultiplied alpha
+          compositeImage = compositeImage.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
+          if (!sharp::HasAlpha(compositeImage)) {
+            compositeImage = sharp::EnsureAlpha(compositeImage, 1);
+          }
+          if (!composite->premultiplied) compositeImage = compositeImage.premultiply();
+          // Calculate position
+          int left;
+          int top;
+          if (composite->hasOffset) {
+            // Composite image at given offsets
+            if (composite->tile) {
+              std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(image.width(), image.height(),
+                compositeImage.width(), compositeImage.height(), composite->left, composite->top);
+            } else {
+              left = composite->left;
+              top = composite->top;
+            }
+          } else {
+            // Composite image with given gravity
+            std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(image.width(), image.height(),
+              compositeImage.width(), compositeImage.height(), composite->gravity);
+          }
+          // Composite
+          image = image.composite2(compositeImage, composite->mode, VImage::option()
+            ->set("premultiplied", TRUE)
+            ->set("x", left)
+            ->set("y", top));
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Reverse premultiplication after all transformations:
+      if (shouldPremultiplyAlpha) {
+        image = image.unpremultiply();
+        // Cast pixel values to integer
+        if (sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation())) {
+          image = image.cast(VIPS_FORMAT_USHORT);
+        } else {
+          image = image.cast(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR);
+        }
+      }
+      baton->premultiplied = shouldPremultiplyAlpha;
+
+      // Gamma decoding (brighten)
+      if (baton->gammaOut >= 1 && baton->gammaOut <= 3) {
+        image = sharp::Gamma(image, baton->gammaOut);
+      }
+
+      // Linear adjustment (a * in + b)
+      if (baton->linearA != 1.0 || baton->linearB != 0.0) {
+        image = sharp::Linear(image, baton->linearA, baton->linearB);
+      }
+
+      // Apply normalisation - stretch luminance to cover full dynamic range
+      if (baton->normalise) {
+        image = sharp::Normalise(image);
+      }
+
+      // Apply contrast limiting adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE)
+      if (shouldApplyClahe) {
+        image = sharp::Clahe(image, baton->claheWidth, baton->claheHeight, baton->claheMaxSlope);
+      }
+
+      // Apply bitwise boolean operation between images
+      if (baton->boolean != nullptr) {
+        VImage booleanImage;
+        sharp::ImageType booleanImageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
+        std::tie(booleanImage, booleanImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->boolean);
+        image = sharp::Boolean(image, booleanImage, baton->booleanOp);
+      }
+
+      // Apply per-channel Bandbool bitwise operations after all other operations
+      if (baton->bandBoolOp >= VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_AND && baton->bandBoolOp < VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_LAST) {
+        image = sharp::Bandbool(image, baton->bandBoolOp);
+      }
+
+      // Tint the image
+      if (baton->tintA < 128.0 || baton->tintB < 128.0) {
+        image = sharp::Tint(image, baton->tintA, baton->tintB);
+      }
+
+      // Extract an image channel (aka vips band)
+      if (baton->extractChannel > -1) {
+        if (baton->extractChannel >= image.bands()) {
+          if (baton->extractChannel == 3 && sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
+            baton->extractChannel = image.bands() - 1;
+          } else {
+            (baton->err).append("Cannot extract channel from image. Too few channels in image.");
+            return Error();
+          }
+        }
+        VipsInterpretation const interpretation = sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation())
+          ? VIPS_INTERPRETATION_GREY16
+          : VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W;
+        image = image
+          .extract_band(baton->extractChannel)
+          .copy(VImage::option()->set("interpretation", interpretation));
+      }
+
+      // Remove alpha channel, if any
+      if (baton->removeAlpha) {
+        image = sharp::RemoveAlpha(image);
+      }
+
+      // Ensure alpha channel, if missing
+      if (baton->ensureAlpha != -1) {
+        image = sharp::EnsureAlpha(image, baton->ensureAlpha);
+      }
+
+      // Convert image to sRGB, if not already
+      if (sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation())) {
+        image = image.cast(VIPS_FORMAT_USHORT);
+      }
+      if (image.interpretation() != baton->colourspace) {
+        // Convert colourspace, pass the current known interpretation so libvips doesn't have to guess
+        image = image.colourspace(baton->colourspace, VImage::option()->set("source_space", image.interpretation()));
+        // Transform colours from embedded profile to output profile
+        if (baton->withMetadata && sharp::HasProfile(image)) {
+          image = image.icc_transform(vips_enum_nick(VIPS_TYPE_INTERPRETATION, baton->colourspace),
+            VImage::option()->set("embedded", TRUE));
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Apply output ICC profile
+      if (!baton->withMetadataIcc.empty()) {
+        image = image.icc_transform(
+          const_cast<char*>(baton->withMetadataIcc.data()),
+          VImage::option()
+            ->set("input_profile", "srgb")
+            ->set("intent", VIPS_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL));
+      }
+      // Override EXIF Orientation tag
+      if (baton->withMetadata && baton->withMetadataOrientation != -1) {
+        image = sharp::SetExifOrientation(image, baton->withMetadataOrientation);
+      }
+      // Override pixel density
+      if (baton->withMetadataDensity > 0) {
+        image = sharp::SetDensity(image, baton->withMetadataDensity);
+      }
+      // Metadata key/value pairs, e.g. EXIF
+      if (!baton->withMetadataStrs.empty()) {
+        image = image.copy();
+        for (const auto& s : baton->withMetadataStrs) {
+          image.set(s.first.data(), s.second.data());
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Number of channels used in output image
+      baton->channels = image.bands();
+      baton->width = image.width();
+      baton->height = image.height();
+
+      bool const supportsGifOutput = vips_type_find("VipsOperation", "magicksave") != 0 &&
+       vips_type_find("VipsOperation", "magicksave_buffer") != 0;
+
+      image = sharp::SetAnimationProperties(
+        image,
+        baton->pageHeight,
+        baton->delay,
+        baton->loop);
+
+      // Output
+      if (baton->fileOut.empty()) {
+        // Buffer output
+        if (baton->formatOut == "jpeg" || (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG)) {
+          // Write JPEG to buffer
+          sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::JPEG);
+          VipsArea *area = reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(image.jpegsave_buffer(VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("Q", baton->jpegQuality)
+            ->set("interlace", baton->jpegProgressive)
+            ->set("subsample_mode", baton->jpegChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4"
+              ? VIPS_FOREIGN_JPEG_SUBSAMPLE_OFF
+              : VIPS_FOREIGN_JPEG_SUBSAMPLE_ON)
+            ->set("trellis_quant", baton->jpegTrellisQuantisation)
+            ->set("quant_table", baton->jpegQuantisationTable)
+            ->set("overshoot_deringing", baton->jpegOvershootDeringing)
+            ->set("optimize_scans", baton->jpegOptimiseScans)
+            ->set("optimize_coding", baton->jpegOptimiseCoding)));
+          baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
+          baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
+          area->free_fn = nullptr;
+          vips_area_unref(area);
+          baton->formatOut = "jpeg";
+          if (baton->colourspace == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK) {
+            baton->channels = std::min(baton->channels, 4);
+          } else {
+            baton->channels = std::min(baton->channels, 3);
+          }
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "png" || (baton->formatOut == "input" &&
+          (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PNG || (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::GIF && !supportsGifOutput) ||
+           inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG))) {
+          // Write PNG to buffer
+          sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::PNG);
+          VipsArea *area = reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(image.pngsave_buffer(VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("interlace", baton->pngProgressive)
+            ->set("compression", baton->pngCompressionLevel)
+            ->set("filter", baton->pngAdaptiveFiltering ? VIPS_FOREIGN_PNG_FILTER_ALL : VIPS_FOREIGN_PNG_FILTER_NONE)
+            ->set("palette", baton->pngPalette)
+            ->set("Q", baton->pngQuality)
+            ->set("colours", baton->pngColours)
+            ->set("dither", baton->pngDither)));
+          baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
+          baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
+          area->free_fn = nullptr;
+          vips_area_unref(area);
+          baton->formatOut = "png";
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "webp" ||
+          (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::WEBP)) {
+          // Write WEBP to buffer
+          sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::WEBP);
+          VipsArea *area = reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(image.webpsave_buffer(VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("Q", baton->webpQuality)
+            ->set("lossless", baton->webpLossless)
+            ->set("near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless)
+            ->set("smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample)
+            ->set("reduction_effort", baton->webpReductionEffort)
+            ->set("alpha_q", baton->webpAlphaQuality)));
+          baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
+          baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
+          area->free_fn = nullptr;
+          vips_area_unref(area);
+          baton->formatOut = "webp";
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "gif" ||
+          (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::GIF && supportsGifOutput)) {
+          // Write GIF to buffer
+          sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::GIF);
+          VipsArea *area = reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(image.magicksave_buffer(VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("optimize_gif_frames", TRUE)
+            ->set("optimize_gif_transparency", TRUE)
+            ->set("format", "gif")));
+          baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
+          baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
+          area->free_fn = nullptr;
+          vips_area_unref(area);
+          baton->formatOut = "gif";
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "tiff" ||
+          (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::TIFF)) {
+          // Write TIFF to buffer
+          if (baton->tiffCompression == VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION_JPEG) {
+            sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::JPEG);
+            baton->channels = std::min(baton->channels, 3);
+          }
+          // Cast pixel values to float, if required
+          if (baton->tiffPredictor == VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR_FLOAT) {
+            image = image.cast(VIPS_FORMAT_FLOAT);
+          }
+          VipsArea *area = reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(image.tiffsave_buffer(VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("Q", baton->tiffQuality)
+            ->set("bitdepth", baton->tiffBitdepth)
+            ->set("compression", baton->tiffCompression)
+            ->set("predictor", baton->tiffPredictor)
+            ->set("pyramid", baton->tiffPyramid)
+            ->set("tile", baton->tiffTile)
+            ->set("tile_height", baton->tiffTileHeight)
+            ->set("tile_width", baton->tiffTileWidth)
+            ->set("xres", baton->tiffXres)
+            ->set("yres", baton->tiffYres)));
+          baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
+          baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
+          area->free_fn = nullptr;
+          vips_area_unref(area);
+          baton->formatOut = "tiff";
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "heif" ||
+          (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::HEIF)) {
+          // Write HEIF to buffer
+          VipsArea *area = reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(image.heifsave_buffer(VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("compression", baton->heifCompression)
+            ->set("Q", baton->heifQuality)
+            ->set("speed", baton->heifSpeed)
+#if defined(VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE)
+            ->set("subsample_mode", baton->heifChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4"
+              ? VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_OFF : VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_ON)
+#endif
+            ->set("lossless", baton->heifLossless)));
+          baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
+          baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
+          area->free_fn = nullptr;
+          vips_area_unref(area);
+          baton->formatOut = "heif";
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "raw" ||
+          (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::RAW)) {
+          // Write raw, uncompressed image data to buffer
+          if (baton->greyscale || image.interpretation() == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W) {
+            // Extract first band for greyscale image
+            image = image[0];
+            baton->channels = 1;
+          }
+          if (image.format() != VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR) {
+            // Cast pixels to uint8 (unsigned char)
+            image = image.cast(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR);
+          }
+          // Get raw image data
+          baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(image.write_to_memory(&baton->bufferOutLength));
+          if (baton->bufferOut == nullptr) {
+            (baton->err).append("Could not allocate enough memory for raw output");
+            return Error();
+          }
+          baton->formatOut = "raw";
+        } else {
+          // Unsupported output format
+          (baton->err).append("Unsupported output format ");
+          if (baton->formatOut == "input") {
+            (baton->err).append(ImageTypeId(inputImageType));
+          } else {
+            (baton->err).append(baton->formatOut);
+          }
+          return Error();
+        }
+      } else {
+        // File output
+        bool const isJpeg = sharp::IsJpeg(baton->fileOut);
+        bool const isPng = sharp::IsPng(baton->fileOut);
+        bool const isWebp = sharp::IsWebp(baton->fileOut);
+        bool const isGif = sharp::IsGif(baton->fileOut);
+        bool const isTiff = sharp::IsTiff(baton->fileOut);
+        bool const isHeif = sharp::IsHeif(baton->fileOut);
+        bool const isDz = sharp::IsDz(baton->fileOut);
+        bool const isDzZip = sharp::IsDzZip(baton->fileOut);
+        bool const isV = sharp::IsV(baton->fileOut);
+        bool const mightMatchInput = baton->formatOut == "input";
+        bool const willMatchInput = mightMatchInput &&
+         !(isJpeg || isPng || isWebp || isGif || isTiff || isHeif || isDz || isDzZip || isV);
+
+        if (baton->formatOut == "jpeg" || (mightMatchInput && isJpeg) ||
+          (willMatchInput && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG)) {
+          // Write JPEG to file
+          sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::JPEG);
+          image.jpegsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("Q", baton->jpegQuality)
+            ->set("interlace", baton->jpegProgressive)
+            ->set("subsample_mode", baton->jpegChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4"
+              ? VIPS_FOREIGN_JPEG_SUBSAMPLE_OFF
+              : VIPS_FOREIGN_JPEG_SUBSAMPLE_ON)
+            ->set("trellis_quant", baton->jpegTrellisQuantisation)
+            ->set("quant_table", baton->jpegQuantisationTable)
+            ->set("overshoot_deringing", baton->jpegOvershootDeringing)
+            ->set("optimize_scans", baton->jpegOptimiseScans)
+            ->set("optimize_coding", baton->jpegOptimiseCoding));
+          baton->formatOut = "jpeg";
+          baton->channels = std::min(baton->channels, 3);
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "png" || (mightMatchInput && isPng) || (willMatchInput &&
+          (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PNG || (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::GIF && !supportsGifOutput) ||
+           inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG))) {
+          // Write PNG to file
+          sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::PNG);
+          image.pngsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("interlace", baton->pngProgressive)
+            ->set("compression", baton->pngCompressionLevel)
+            ->set("filter", baton->pngAdaptiveFiltering ? VIPS_FOREIGN_PNG_FILTER_ALL : VIPS_FOREIGN_PNG_FILTER_NONE)
+            ->set("palette", baton->pngPalette)
+            ->set("Q", baton->pngQuality)
+            ->set("colours", baton->pngColours)
+            ->set("dither", baton->pngDither));
+          baton->formatOut = "png";
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "webp" || (mightMatchInput && isWebp) ||
+          (willMatchInput && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::WEBP)) {
+          // Write WEBP to file
+          sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::WEBP);
+          image.webpsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("Q", baton->webpQuality)
+            ->set("lossless", baton->webpLossless)
+            ->set("near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless)
+            ->set("smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample)
+            ->set("reduction_effort", baton->webpReductionEffort)
+            ->set("alpha_q", baton->webpAlphaQuality));
+          baton->formatOut = "webp";
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "gif" || (mightMatchInput && isGif) ||
+          (willMatchInput && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::GIF && supportsGifOutput)) {
+          // Write GIF to file
+          sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::GIF);
+          image.magicksave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("optimize_gif_frames", TRUE)
+            ->set("optimize_gif_transparency", TRUE)
+            ->set("format", "gif"));
+          baton->formatOut = "gif";
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "tiff" || (mightMatchInput && isTiff) ||
+          (willMatchInput && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::TIFF)) {
+          // Write TIFF to file
+          if (baton->tiffCompression == VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION_JPEG) {
+            sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::JPEG);
+            baton->channels = std::min(baton->channels, 3);
+          }
+          // Cast pixel values to float, if required
+          if (baton->tiffPredictor == VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR_FLOAT) {
+            image = image.cast(VIPS_FORMAT_FLOAT);
+          }
+          image.tiffsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("Q", baton->tiffQuality)
+            ->set("bitdepth", baton->tiffBitdepth)
+            ->set("compression", baton->tiffCompression)
+            ->set("predictor", baton->tiffPredictor)
+            ->set("pyramid", baton->tiffPyramid)
+            ->set("tile", baton->tiffTile)
+            ->set("tile_height", baton->tiffTileHeight)
+            ->set("tile_width", baton->tiffTileWidth)
+            ->set("xres", baton->tiffXres)
+            ->set("yres", baton->tiffYres));
+          baton->formatOut = "tiff";
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "heif" || (mightMatchInput && isHeif) ||
+          (willMatchInput && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::HEIF)) {
+          // Write HEIF to file
+          image.heifsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("Q", baton->heifQuality)
+            ->set("compression", baton->heifCompression)
+            ->set("speed", baton->heifSpeed)
+#if defined(VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE)
+            ->set("subsample_mode", baton->heifChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4"
+              ? VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_OFF : VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_ON)
+#endif
+            ->set("lossless", baton->heifLossless));
+          baton->formatOut = "heif";
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "dz" || isDz || isDzZip) {
+          if (isDzZip) {
+            baton->tileContainer = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_ZIP;
+          }
+          // Forward format options through suffix
+          std::string suffix;
+          if (baton->tileFormat == "png") {
+            std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> options {
+              {"interlace", baton->pngProgressive ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+              {"compression", std::to_string(baton->pngCompressionLevel)},
+              {"filter", baton->pngAdaptiveFiltering ? "all" : "none"}
+            };
+            suffix = AssembleSuffixString(".png", options);
+          } else if (baton->tileFormat == "webp") {
+            std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> options {
+              {"Q", std::to_string(baton->webpQuality)},
+              {"alpha_q", std::to_string(baton->webpAlphaQuality)},
+              {"lossless", baton->webpLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+              {"near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+              {"smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+              {"reduction_effort", std::to_string(baton->webpReductionEffort)}
+            };
+            suffix = AssembleSuffixString(".webp", options);
+          } else {
+            std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> options {
+              {"Q", std::to_string(baton->jpegQuality)},
+              {"interlace", baton->jpegProgressive ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+              {"subsample_mode", baton->jpegChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4" ? "off" : "on"},
+              {"trellis_quant", baton->jpegTrellisQuantisation ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+              {"quant_table", std::to_string(baton->jpegQuantisationTable)},
+              {"overshoot_deringing", baton->jpegOvershootDeringing ? "TRUE": "FALSE"},
+              {"optimize_scans", baton->jpegOptimiseScans ? "TRUE": "FALSE"},
+              {"optimize_coding", baton->jpegOptimiseCoding ? "TRUE": "FALSE"}
+            };
+            std::string extname = baton->tileLayout == VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_LAYOUT_DZ ? ".jpeg" : ".jpg";
+            suffix = AssembleSuffixString(extname, options);
+          }
+          // Remove alpha channel from tile background if image does not contain an alpha channel
+          if (!sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
+            baton->tileBackground.pop_back();
+          }
+          // Write DZ to file
+          vips::VOption *options = VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("tile_size", baton->tileSize)
+            ->set("overlap", baton->tileOverlap)
+            ->set("container", baton->tileContainer)
+            ->set("layout", baton->tileLayout)
+            ->set("suffix", const_cast<char*>(suffix.data()))
+            ->set("angle", CalculateAngleRotation(baton->tileAngle))
+            ->set("background", baton->tileBackground)
+            ->set("centre", baton->tileCentre)
+            ->set("id", const_cast<char*>(baton->tileId.data()))
+            ->set("skip_blanks", baton->tileSkipBlanks);
+          // libvips chooses a default depth based on layout. Instead of replicating that logic here by
+          // not passing anything - libvips will handle choice
+          if (baton->tileDepth < VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_LAST) {
+            options->set("depth", baton->tileDepth);
+          }
+          image.dzsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), options);
+          baton->formatOut = "dz";
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "v" || (mightMatchInput && isV) ||
+          (willMatchInput && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::VIPS)) {
+          // Write V to file
+          image.vipssave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata));
+          baton->formatOut = "v";
+        } else {
+          // Unsupported output format
+          (baton->err).append("Unsupported output format " + baton->fileOut);
+          return Error();
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
+      char const *what = err.what();
+      if (what && what[0]) {
+        (baton->err).append(what);
+      } else {
+        (baton->err).append("Unknown error");
+      }
+    }
+    // Clean up libvips' per-request data and threads
+    vips_error_clear();
+    vips_thread_shutdown();
+  }
+
+  void OnOK() {
+    Napi::Env env = Env();
+    Napi::HandleScope scope(env);
+
+    // Handle warnings
+    std::string warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
+    while (!warning.empty()) {
+      debuglog.Call({ Napi::String::New(env, warning) });
+      warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
+    }
+
+    if (baton->err.empty()) {
+      int width = baton->width;
+      int height = baton->height;
+      if (baton->topOffsetPre != -1 && (baton->width == -1 || baton->height == -1)) {
+        width = baton->widthPre;
+        height = baton->heightPre;
+      }
+      if (baton->topOffsetPost != -1) {
+        width = baton->widthPost;
+        height = baton->heightPost;
+      }
+      // Info Object
+      Napi::Object info = Napi::Object::New(env);
+      info.Set("format", baton->formatOut);
+      info.Set("width", static_cast<uint32_t>(width));
+      info.Set("height", static_cast<uint32_t>(height));
+      info.Set("channels", static_cast<uint32_t>(baton->channels));
+      info.Set("premultiplied", baton->premultiplied);
+      if (baton->hasCropOffset) {
+        info.Set("cropOffsetLeft", static_cast<int32_t>(baton->cropOffsetLeft));
+        info.Set("cropOffsetTop", static_cast<int32_t>(baton->cropOffsetTop));
+      }
+      if (baton->trimThreshold > 0.0) {
+        info.Set("trimOffsetLeft", static_cast<int32_t>(baton->trimOffsetLeft));
+        info.Set("trimOffsetTop", static_cast<int32_t>(baton->trimOffsetTop));
+      }
+
+      if (baton->bufferOutLength > 0) {
+        // Add buffer size to info
+        info.Set("size", static_cast<uint32_t>(baton->bufferOutLength));
+        // Pass ownership of output data to Buffer instance
+        Napi::Buffer<char> data = Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, static_cast<char*>(baton->bufferOut),
+          baton->bufferOutLength, sharp::FreeCallback);
+        Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { env.Null(), data, info });
+      } else {
+        // Add file size to info
+        struct STAT64_STRUCT st;
+        if (STAT64_FUNCTION(baton->fileOut.data(), &st) == 0) {
+          info.Set("size", static_cast<uint32_t>(st.st_size));
+        }
+        Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { env.Null(), info });
+      }
+    } else {
+      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::Error::New(env, baton->err).Value() });
+    }
+
+    // Delete baton
+    delete baton->input;
+    delete baton->boolean;
+    for (Composite *composite : baton->composite) {
+      delete composite->input;
+      delete composite;
+    }
+    for (sharp::InputDescriptor *input : baton->joinChannelIn) {
+      delete input;
+    }
+    delete baton;
+
+    // Decrement processing task counter
+    g_atomic_int_dec_and_test(&sharp::counterProcess);
+    Napi::Number queueLength = Napi::Number::New(env, static_cast<double>(sharp::counterQueue));
+    queueListener.Call(Receiver().Value(), { queueLength });
+  }
+
+ private:
+  PipelineBaton *baton;
+  Napi::FunctionReference debuglog;
+  Napi::FunctionReference queueListener;
+
+  /*
+    Calculate the angle of rotation and need-to-flip for the given Exif orientation
+    By default, returns zero, i.e. no rotation.
+  */
+  std::tuple<VipsAngle, bool, bool>
+  CalculateExifRotationAndFlip(int const exifOrientation) {
+    VipsAngle rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D0;
+    bool flip = FALSE;
+    bool flop = FALSE;
+    switch (exifOrientation) {
+      case 6: rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D90; break;
+      case 3: rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D180; break;
+      case 8: rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D270; break;
+      case 2: flop = TRUE; break;  // flop 1
+      case 7: flip = TRUE; rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D90; break;  // flip 6
+      case 4: flop = TRUE; rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D180; break;  // flop 3
+      case 5: flip = TRUE; rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D270; break;  // flip 8
+    }
+    return std::make_tuple(rotate, flip, flop);
+  }
+
+  /*
+    Calculate the rotation for the given angle.
+    Supports any positive or negative angle that is a multiple of 90.
+  */
+  VipsAngle
+  CalculateAngleRotation(int angle) {
+    angle = angle % 360;
+    if (angle < 0)
+      angle = 360 + angle;
+    switch (angle) {
+      case 90: return VIPS_ANGLE_D90;
+      case 180: return VIPS_ANGLE_D180;
+      case 270: return VIPS_ANGLE_D270;
+    }
+    return VIPS_ANGLE_D0;
+  }
+
+  /*
+    Assemble the suffix argument to dzsave, which is the format (by extname)
+    alongisde comma-separated arguments to the corresponding `formatsave` vips
+    action.
+  */
+  std::string
+  AssembleSuffixString(std::string extname, std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> options) {
+    std::string argument;
+    for (auto const &option : options) {
+      if (!argument.empty()) {
+        argument += ",";
+      }
+      argument += option.first + "=" + option.second;
+    }
+    return extname + "[" + argument + "]";
+  }
+
+  /*
+    Clear all thread-local data.
+  */
+  void Error() {
+    // Clean up libvips' per-request data and threads
+    vips_error_clear();
+    vips_thread_shutdown();
+  }
+};
+
+/*
+  pipeline(options, output, callback)
+*/
+Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  // V8 objects are converted to non-V8 types held in the baton struct
+  PipelineBaton *baton = new PipelineBaton;
+  Napi::Object options = info[0].As<Napi::Object>();
+
+  // Input
+  baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(options.Get("input").As<Napi::Object>());
+  // Extract image options
+  baton->topOffsetPre = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "topOffsetPre");
+  baton->leftOffsetPre = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "leftOffsetPre");
+  baton->widthPre = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "widthPre");
+  baton->heightPre = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "heightPre");
+  baton->topOffsetPost = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "topOffsetPost");
+  baton->leftOffsetPost = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "leftOffsetPost");
+  baton->widthPost = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "widthPost");
+  baton->heightPost = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "heightPost");
+  // Output image dimensions
+  baton->width = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "width");
+  baton->height = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "height");
+  // Canvas option
+  std::string canvas = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "canvas");
+  if (canvas == "crop") {
+    baton->canvas = Canvas::CROP;
+  } else if (canvas == "embed") {
+    baton->canvas = Canvas::EMBED;
+  } else if (canvas == "max") {
+    baton->canvas = Canvas::MAX;
+  } else if (canvas == "min") {
+    baton->canvas = Canvas::MIN;
+  } else if (canvas == "ignore_aspect") {
+    baton->canvas = Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT;
+  }
+  // Tint chroma
+  baton->tintA = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "tintA");
+  baton->tintB = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "tintB");
+  // Composite
+  Napi::Array compositeArray = options.Get("composite").As<Napi::Array>();
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < compositeArray.Length(); i++) {
+    Napi::Object compositeObject = compositeArray.Get(i).As<Napi::Object>();
+    Composite *composite = new Composite;
+    composite->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(compositeObject.Get("input").As<Napi::Object>());
+    composite->mode = static_cast<VipsBlendMode>(
+      vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_BLEND_MODE, sharp::AttrAsStr(compositeObject, "blend").data()));
+    composite->gravity = sharp::AttrAsUint32(compositeObject, "gravity");
+    composite->left = sharp::AttrAsInt32(compositeObject, "left");
+    composite->top = sharp::AttrAsInt32(compositeObject, "top");
+    composite->hasOffset = sharp::AttrAsBool(compositeObject, "hasOffset");
+    composite->tile = sharp::AttrAsBool(compositeObject, "tile");
+    composite->premultiplied = sharp::AttrAsBool(compositeObject, "premultiplied");
+    baton->composite.push_back(composite);
+  }
+  // Resize options
+  baton->withoutEnlargement = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "withoutEnlargement");
+  baton->position = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "position");
+  baton->resizeBackground = sharp::AttrAsVectorOfDouble(options, "resizeBackground");
+  baton->kernel = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "kernel");
+  baton->fastShrinkOnLoad = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "fastShrinkOnLoad");
+  // Join Channel Options
+  if (options.Has("joinChannelIn")) {
+    Napi::Array joinChannelArray = options.Get("joinChannelIn").As<Napi::Array>();
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < joinChannelArray.Length(); i++) {
+      baton->joinChannelIn.push_back(
+        sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(joinChannelArray.Get(i).As<Napi::Object>()));
+    }
+  }
+  // Operators
+  baton->flatten = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "flatten");
+  baton->flattenBackground = sharp::AttrAsVectorOfDouble(options, "flattenBackground");
+  baton->negate = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "negate");
+  baton->blurSigma = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "blurSigma");
+  baton->brightness = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "brightness");
+  baton->saturation = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "saturation");
+  baton->hue = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "hue");
+  baton->medianSize = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "medianSize");
+  baton->sharpenSigma = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "sharpenSigma");
+  baton->sharpenFlat = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "sharpenFlat");
+  baton->sharpenJagged = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "sharpenJagged");
+  baton->threshold = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "threshold");
+  baton->thresholdGrayscale = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "thresholdGrayscale");
+  baton->trimThreshold = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "trimThreshold");
+  baton->gamma = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "gamma");
+  baton->gammaOut = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "gammaOut");
+  baton->linearA = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "linearA");
+  baton->linearB = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "linearB");
+  baton->greyscale = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "greyscale");
+  baton->normalise = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "normalise");
+  baton->claheWidth = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "claheWidth");
+  baton->claheHeight = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "claheHeight");
+  baton->claheMaxSlope = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "claheMaxSlope");
+  baton->useExifOrientation = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "useExifOrientation");
+  baton->angle = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "angle");
+  baton->rotationAngle = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "rotationAngle");
+  baton->rotationBackground = sharp::AttrAsVectorOfDouble(options, "rotationBackground");
+  baton->rotateBeforePreExtract = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "rotateBeforePreExtract");
+  baton->flip = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "flip");
+  baton->flop = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "flop");
+  baton->extendTop = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "extendTop");
+  baton->extendBottom = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "extendBottom");
+  baton->extendLeft = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "extendLeft");
+  baton->extendRight = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "extendRight");
+  baton->extendBackground = sharp::AttrAsVectorOfDouble(options, "extendBackground");
+  baton->extractChannel = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "extractChannel");
+  baton->affineMatrix = sharp::AttrAsVectorOfDouble(options, "affineMatrix");
+  baton->affineBackground = sharp::AttrAsVectorOfDouble(options, "affineBackground");
+  baton->affineIdx = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "affineIdx");
+  baton->affineIdy = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "affineIdy");
+  baton->affineOdx = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "affineOdx");
+  baton->affineOdy = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "affineOdy");
+  baton->affineInterpolator = vips::VInterpolate::new_from_name(sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "affineInterpolator").data());
+
+  baton->removeAlpha = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "removeAlpha");
+  baton->ensureAlpha = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "ensureAlpha");
+  if (options.Has("boolean")) {
+    baton->boolean = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(options.Get("boolean").As<Napi::Object>());
+    baton->booleanOp = sharp::GetBooleanOperation(sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "booleanOp"));
+  }
+  if (options.Has("bandBoolOp")) {
+    baton->bandBoolOp = sharp::GetBooleanOperation(sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "bandBoolOp"));
+  }
+  if (options.Has("convKernel")) {
+    Napi::Object kernel = options.Get("convKernel").As<Napi::Object>();
+    baton->convKernelWidth = sharp::AttrAsUint32(kernel, "width");
+    baton->convKernelHeight = sharp::AttrAsUint32(kernel, "height");
+    baton->convKernelScale = sharp::AttrAsDouble(kernel, "scale");
+    baton->convKernelOffset = sharp::AttrAsDouble(kernel, "offset");
+    size_t const kernelSize = static_cast<size_t>(baton->convKernelWidth * baton->convKernelHeight);
+    baton->convKernel = std::unique_ptr<double[]>(new double[kernelSize]);
+    Napi::Array kdata = kernel.Get("kernel").As<Napi::Array>();
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < kernelSize; i++) {
+      baton->convKernel[i] = sharp::AttrAsDouble(kdata, i);
+    }
+  }
+  if (options.Has("recombMatrix")) {
+    baton->recombMatrix = std::unique_ptr<double[]>(new double[9]);
+    Napi::Array recombMatrix = options.Get("recombMatrix").As<Napi::Array>();
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+       baton->recombMatrix[i] = sharp::AttrAsDouble(recombMatrix, i);
+    }
+  }
+  baton->colourspace = sharp::GetInterpretation(sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "colourspace"));
+  if (baton->colourspace == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_ERROR) {
+    baton->colourspace = VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB;
+  }
+  // Output
+  baton->formatOut = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "formatOut");
+  baton->fileOut = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "fileOut");
+  baton->withMetadata = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "withMetadata");
+  baton->withMetadataOrientation = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "withMetadataOrientation");
+  baton->withMetadataDensity = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "withMetadataDensity");
+  baton->withMetadataIcc = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "withMetadataIcc");
+  Napi::Object mdStrs = options.Get("withMetadataStrs").As<Napi::Object>();
+  Napi::Array mdStrKeys = mdStrs.GetPropertyNames();
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < mdStrKeys.Length(); i++) {
+    std::string k = sharp::AttrAsStr(mdStrKeys, i);
+    baton->withMetadataStrs.insert(std::make_pair(k, sharp::AttrAsStr(mdStrs, k)));
+  }
+  // Format-specific
+  baton->jpegQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "jpegQuality");
+  baton->jpegProgressive = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "jpegProgressive");
+  baton->jpegChromaSubsampling = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "jpegChromaSubsampling");
+  baton->jpegTrellisQuantisation = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "jpegTrellisQuantisation");
+  baton->jpegQuantisationTable = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "jpegQuantisationTable");
+  baton->jpegOvershootDeringing = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "jpegOvershootDeringing");
+  baton->jpegOptimiseScans = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "jpegOptimiseScans");
+  baton->jpegOptimiseCoding = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "jpegOptimiseCoding");
+  baton->pngProgressive = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "pngProgressive");
+  baton->pngCompressionLevel = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "pngCompressionLevel");
+  baton->pngAdaptiveFiltering = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "pngAdaptiveFiltering");
+  baton->pngPalette = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "pngPalette");
+  baton->pngQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "pngQuality");
+  baton->pngColours = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "pngColours");
+  baton->pngDither = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "pngDither");
+  baton->webpQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "webpQuality");
+  baton->webpAlphaQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "webpAlphaQuality");
+  baton->webpLossless = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "webpLossless");
+  baton->webpNearLossless = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "webpNearLossless");
+  baton->webpSmartSubsample = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "webpSmartSubsample");
+  baton->webpReductionEffort = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "webpReductionEffort");
+  baton->tiffQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tiffQuality");
+  baton->tiffPyramid = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "tiffPyramid");
+  baton->tiffBitdepth = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tiffBitdepth");
+  baton->tiffTile = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "tiffTile");
+  baton->tiffTileWidth = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tiffTileWidth");
+  baton->tiffTileHeight = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tiffTileHeight");
+  baton->tiffXres = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "tiffXres");
+  baton->tiffYres = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "tiffYres");
+  // tiff compression options
+  baton->tiffCompression = static_cast<VipsForeignTiffCompression>(
+  vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION,
+    sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "tiffCompression").data()));
+  baton->tiffPredictor = static_cast<VipsForeignTiffPredictor>(
+  vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR,
+    sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "tiffPredictor").data()));
+  baton->heifQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "heifQuality");
+  baton->heifLossless = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "heifLossless");
+  baton->heifCompression = static_cast<VipsForeignHeifCompression>(
+    vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION,
+    sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "heifCompression").data()));
+  baton->heifSpeed = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "heifSpeed");
+  baton->heifChromaSubsampling = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "heifChromaSubsampling");
+
+  // Animated output
+  if (sharp::HasAttr(options, "pageHeight")) {
+    baton->pageHeight = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "pageHeight");
+  }
+  if (sharp::HasAttr(options, "loop")) {
+    baton->loop = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "loop");
+  }
+  if (sharp::HasAttr(options, "delay")) {
+    baton->delay = sharp::AttrAsInt32Vector(options, "delay");
+  }
+
+  // Tile output
+  baton->tileSize = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tileSize");
+  baton->tileOverlap = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tileOverlap");
+  baton->tileAngle = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "tileAngle");
+  baton->tileBackground = sharp::AttrAsVectorOfDouble(options, "tileBackground");
+  baton->tileSkipBlanks = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "tileSkipBlanks");
+  baton->tileContainer = static_cast<VipsForeignDzContainer>(
+    vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER,
+    sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "tileContainer").data()));
+  baton->tileLayout = static_cast<VipsForeignDzLayout>(
+    vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_DZ_LAYOUT,
+    sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "tileLayout").data()));
+  baton->tileFormat = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "tileFormat");
+  baton->tileDepth = static_cast<VipsForeignDzDepth>(
+    vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH,
+    sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "tileDepth").data()));
+  baton->tileCentre = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "tileCentre");
+  baton->tileId = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "tileId");
+
+  // Force random access for certain operations
+  if (baton->input->access == VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL) {
+    if (
+      baton->trimThreshold > 0.0 ||
+      baton->normalise ||
+      baton->position == 16 || baton->position == 17 ||
+      baton->angle % 360 != 0 ||
+      fmod(baton->rotationAngle, 360.0) != 0.0 ||
+      baton->useExifOrientation
+    ) {
+      baton->input->access = VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Function to notify of libvips warnings
+  Napi::Function debuglog = options.Get("debuglog").As<Napi::Function>();
+
+  // Function to notify of queue length changes
+  Napi::Function queueListener = options.Get("queueListener").As<Napi::Function>();
+
+  // Join queue for worker thread
+  Napi::Function callback = info[1].As<Napi::Function>();
+  PipelineWorker *worker = new PipelineWorker(callback, baton, debuglog, queueListener);
+  worker->Receiver().Set("options", options);
+  worker->Queue();
+
+  // Increment queued task counter
+  g_atomic_int_inc(&sharp::counterQueue);
+  Napi::Number queueLength = Napi::Number::New(info.Env(), static_cast<double>(sharp::counterQueue));
+  queueListener.Call(info.This(), { queueLength });
+
+  return info.Env().Undefined();
+}