@base-ui/react 1.6.0 → 1.8.0

package/utils/popups/popupHandle.d.mts

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import { type BaseUIChangeEventDetails } from "../../internals/createBaseUIEventDetails.mjs";
+import { REASONS } from "../../internals/reasons.mjs";
+import type { PopupTriggerMap } from "./popupTriggerMap.mjs";
+/**
+ * Minimal store contract exposed by popup handles to detached triggers.
+ *
+ * Detached triggers read `store` during render and subscribe to be notified when the handle switches
+ * between its fallback store and a root's live store.
+ *
+ * @template HandleStore Store shape exposed to detached triggers.
+ */
+export interface PopupHandleStoreProvider<HandleStore> {
+  /**
+   * Store currently exposed by the handle.
+   */
+  readonly store: HandleStore;
+  /**
+   * Subscribes to changes of the exposed store pointer.
+   *
+   * @param listener Callback fired when the handle starts or stops pointing at a root store.
+   * @returns Cleanup function that removes the listener.
+   */
+  subscribeStore(listener: () => void): () => void;
+}
+/**
+ * Store shape holding a trigger registry, required by `BasePopupHandle.openByTrigger` to resolve a
+ * trigger element by id on both the attached root's store and the fallback store.
+ */
+export interface PopupHandleStoreWithTriggers {
+  readonly context: {
+    readonly triggerElements: PopupTriggerMap;
+  };
+}
+/**
+ * Store shape required by `BasePopupHandle.openByTrigger`/`closePopup` to drive open/close state.
+ * Only the root-owned `Store` needs this — the `HandleStore` view exposed to detached triggers may
+ * omit `setOpen` entirely (as Dialog and PreviewCard's do) since it is never called while detached.
+ */
+export interface PopupHandleStoreWithOpen extends PopupHandleStoreWithTriggers {
+  setOpen(open: boolean, eventDetails: BaseUIChangeEventDetails<typeof REASONS.imperativeAction>): void;
+}
+/**
+ * Shared implementation for popup handles that coordinate detached triggers with a mounted root.
+ *
+ * Subclasses provide the component-specific imperative methods, while this base class owns the
+ * fallback store, root store attachment stack, subscriber notifications, and development warning for
+ * overlapping roots.
+ *
+ * @template HandleStore Store shape exposed to detached triggers.
+ * @template Store Root-owned store attached by the component root.
+ */
+export declare class BasePopupHandle<HandleStore extends PopupHandleStoreWithTriggers, Store extends HandleStore & PopupHandleStoreWithOpen> {
+  protected readonly fallbackStore: HandleStore;
+  private readonly componentName;
+  private readonly throwOnMissingTrigger;
+  /**
+   * Stores of every root currently using this handle, in attach order. A handle is meant to be used
+   * by a single mounted root, but roots can transiently overlap (e.g. during an animated route
+   * transition), so this stack lets `attachStore`'s cleanup restore the previous root instead of
+   * leaving a still-mounted root uncontrollable when a newer overlapping root detaches first.
+   */
+  private readonly attachedStores;
+  /**
+   * Store of the root that currently controls the handle: the most recently attached one still
+   * mounted, or `null` when no root is attached. Imperative methods are no-ops while this is `null`.
+   */
+  private attachedStoreValue;
+  /**
+   * Listeners notified when `attachedStore` changes, so detached triggers can follow the store pointer.
+   */
+  private readonly storeListeners;
+  /**
+   * Creates a handle backed by the store used while no root is attached.
+   *
+   * @param fallbackStore Inert, closed store handed to detached triggers while no root is attached,
+   * so they can render and register without a mounted root. Triggers register into whichever store
+   * `store` currently resolves to, so while detached they live in this store's trigger map and
+   * migrate themselves to the root's store (and back) as it attaches/detaches.
+   * @param componentName Component name used to prefix dev warnings, e.g. `'Menu'` produces
+   * `MenuHandle.open()` in warning text.
+   * @param throwOnMissingTrigger Whether `open(triggerId)` throws when no trigger with that id is
+   * registered. Anchored popups (Menu, Popover, Tooltip, PreviewCard) need a trigger to anchor to,
+   * so they throw; Dialog is not anchored and instead opens unassociated with a dev warning.
+   */
+  constructor(fallbackStore: HandleStore, componentName: string, throwOnMissingTrigger?: boolean);
+  protected get attachedStore(): Store | null;
+  /**
+   * Sets the store that currently controls the handle and notifies subscribers when it changes, so
+   * detached triggers re-render and migrate their registration to the new store.
+   */
+  private setActiveStore;
+  /**
+   * Opens the attached root's store and associates it with the trigger with the given id, or a
+   * no-op (with a dev warning) while no root is attached. Shared by every concrete handle's public
+   * `open()` method, which only narrows the parameter type.
+   *
+   * When a trigger id is given but no matching trigger is registered, anchored popups throw (see
+   * `throwOnMissingTrigger`); Dialog opens unassociated with a dev warning instead.
+   *
+   * This method should only be called in an event handler or an effect (not during rendering).
+   *
+   * @param triggerId ID of the trigger to associate with the popup, or `null`/`undefined` to open
+   * without associating any trigger.
+   */
+  protected openByTrigger(triggerId: string | null | undefined): void;
+  /**
+   * Closes the popup by setting the attached root's store to closed, or a no-op (with a dev warning)
+   * while no root is attached. Shared by every concrete handle's public `close()` method.
+   *
+   * This method should only be called in an event handler or an effect (not during rendering).
+   */
+  protected closePopup(): void;
+}

package/utils/popups/popupHandle.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import { type BaseUIChangeEventDetails } from "../../internals/createBaseUIEventDetails.js";
+import { REASONS } from "../../internals/reasons.js";
+import type { PopupTriggerMap } from "./popupTriggerMap.js";
+/**
+ * Minimal store contract exposed by popup handles to detached triggers.
+ *
+ * Detached triggers read `store` during render and subscribe to be notified when the handle switches
+ * between its fallback store and a root's live store.
+ *
+ * @template HandleStore Store shape exposed to detached triggers.
+ */
+export interface PopupHandleStoreProvider<HandleStore> {
+  /**
+   * Store currently exposed by the handle.
+   */
+  readonly store: HandleStore;
+  /**
+   * Subscribes to changes of the exposed store pointer.
+   *
+   * @param listener Callback fired when the handle starts or stops pointing at a root store.
+   * @returns Cleanup function that removes the listener.
+   */
+  subscribeStore(listener: () => void): () => void;
+}
+/**
+ * Store shape holding a trigger registry, required by `BasePopupHandle.openByTrigger` to resolve a
+ * trigger element by id on both the attached root's store and the fallback store.
+ */
+export interface PopupHandleStoreWithTriggers {
+  readonly context: {
+    readonly triggerElements: PopupTriggerMap;
+  };
+}
+/**
+ * Store shape required by `BasePopupHandle.openByTrigger`/`closePopup` to drive open/close state.
+ * Only the root-owned `Store` needs this — the `HandleStore` view exposed to detached triggers may
+ * omit `setOpen` entirely (as Dialog and PreviewCard's do) since it is never called while detached.
+ */
+export interface PopupHandleStoreWithOpen extends PopupHandleStoreWithTriggers {
+  setOpen(open: boolean, eventDetails: BaseUIChangeEventDetails<typeof REASONS.imperativeAction>): void;
+}
+/**
+ * Shared implementation for popup handles that coordinate detached triggers with a mounted root.
+ *
+ * Subclasses provide the component-specific imperative methods, while this base class owns the
+ * fallback store, root store attachment stack, subscriber notifications, and development warning for
+ * overlapping roots.
+ *
+ * @template HandleStore Store shape exposed to detached triggers.
+ * @template Store Root-owned store attached by the component root.
+ */
+export declare class BasePopupHandle<HandleStore extends PopupHandleStoreWithTriggers, Store extends HandleStore & PopupHandleStoreWithOpen> {
+  protected readonly fallbackStore: HandleStore;
+  private readonly componentName;
+  private readonly throwOnMissingTrigger;
+  /**
+   * Stores of every root currently using this handle, in attach order. A handle is meant to be used
+   * by a single mounted root, but roots can transiently overlap (e.g. during an animated route
+   * transition), so this stack lets `attachStore`'s cleanup restore the previous root instead of
+   * leaving a still-mounted root uncontrollable when a newer overlapping root detaches first.
+   */
+  private readonly attachedStores;
+  /**
+   * Store of the root that currently controls the handle: the most recently attached one still
+   * mounted, or `null` when no root is attached. Imperative methods are no-ops while this is `null`.
+   */
+  private attachedStoreValue;
+  /**
+   * Listeners notified when `attachedStore` changes, so detached triggers can follow the store pointer.
+   */
+  private readonly storeListeners;
+  /**
+   * Creates a handle backed by the store used while no root is attached.
+   *
+   * @param fallbackStore Inert, closed store handed to detached triggers while no root is attached,
+   * so they can render and register without a mounted root. Triggers register into whichever store
+   * `store` currently resolves to, so while detached they live in this store's trigger map and
+   * migrate themselves to the root's store (and back) as it attaches/detaches.
+   * @param componentName Component name used to prefix dev warnings, e.g. `'Menu'` produces
+   * `MenuHandle.open()` in warning text.
+   * @param throwOnMissingTrigger Whether `open(triggerId)` throws when no trigger with that id is
+   * registered. Anchored popups (Menu, Popover, Tooltip, PreviewCard) need a trigger to anchor to,
+   * so they throw; Dialog is not anchored and instead opens unassociated with a dev warning.
+   */
+  constructor(fallbackStore: HandleStore, componentName: string, throwOnMissingTrigger?: boolean);
+  protected get attachedStore(): Store | null;
+  /**
+   * Sets the store that currently controls the handle and notifies subscribers when it changes, so
+   * detached triggers re-render and migrate their registration to the new store.
+   */
+  private setActiveStore;
+  /**
+   * Opens the attached root's store and associates it with the trigger with the given id, or a
+   * no-op (with a dev warning) while no root is attached. Shared by every concrete handle's public
+   * `open()` method, which only narrows the parameter type.
+   *
+   * When a trigger id is given but no matching trigger is registered, anchored popups throw (see
+   * `throwOnMissingTrigger`); Dialog opens unassociated with a dev warning instead.
+   *
+   * This method should only be called in an event handler or an effect (not during rendering).
+   *
+   * @param triggerId ID of the trigger to associate with the popup, or `null`/`undefined` to open
+   * without associating any trigger.
+   */
+  protected openByTrigger(triggerId: string | null | undefined): void;
+  /**
+   * Closes the popup by setting the attached root's store to closed, or a no-op (with a dev warning)
+   * while no root is attached. Shared by every concrete handle's public `close()` method.
+   *
+   * This method should only be called in an event handler or an effect (not during rendering).
+   */
+  protected closePopup(): void;
+}

package/utils/popups/popupHandle.js

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+"use strict";
+
+var _interopRequireDefault = require("@babel/runtime/helpers/interopRequireDefault").default;
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
+  value: true
+});
+exports.BasePopupHandle = void 0;
+var _formatErrorMessage2 = _interopRequireDefault(require("@base-ui/utils/formatErrorMessage"));
+var _useAnimationFrame = require("@base-ui/utils/useAnimationFrame");
+var _createBaseUIEventDetails = require("../../internals/createBaseUIEventDetails");
+var _reasons = require("../../internals/reasons");
+/**
+ * Minimal store contract exposed by popup handles to detached triggers.
+ *
+ * Detached triggers read `store` during render and subscribe to be notified when the handle switches
+ * between its fallback store and a root's live store.
+ *
+ * @template HandleStore Store shape exposed to detached triggers.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Store shape holding a trigger registry, required by `BasePopupHandle.openByTrigger` to resolve a
+ * trigger element by id on both the attached root's store and the fallback store.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Store shape required by `BasePopupHandle.openByTrigger`/`closePopup` to drive open/close state.
+ * Only the root-owned `Store` needs this — the `HandleStore` view exposed to detached triggers may
+ * omit `setOpen` entirely (as Dialog and PreviewCard's do) since it is never called while detached.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Shared implementation for popup handles that coordinate detached triggers with a mounted root.
+ *
+ * Subclasses provide the component-specific imperative methods, while this base class owns the
+ * fallback store, root store attachment stack, subscriber notifications, and development warning for
+ * overlapping roots.
+ *
+ * @template HandleStore Store shape exposed to detached triggers.
+ * @template Store Root-owned store attached by the component root.
+ */
+class BasePopupHandle {
+  /**
+   * Stores of every root currently using this handle, in attach order. A handle is meant to be used
+   * by a single mounted root, but roots can transiently overlap (e.g. during an animated route
+   * transition), so this stack lets `attachStore`'s cleanup restore the previous root instead of
+   * leaving a still-mounted root uncontrollable when a newer overlapping root detaches first.
+   */
+  attachedStores = [];
+
+  /**
+   * Store of the root that currently controls the handle: the most recently attached one still
+   * mounted, or `null` when no root is attached. Imperative methods are no-ops while this is `null`.
+   */
+  attachedStoreValue = null;
+
+  /**
+   * Listeners notified when `attachedStore` changes, so detached triggers can follow the store pointer.
+   */
+  storeListeners = new Set();
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a handle backed by the store used while no root is attached.
+   *
+   * @param fallbackStore Inert, closed store handed to detached triggers while no root is attached,
+   * so they can render and register without a mounted root. Triggers register into whichever store
+   * `store` currently resolves to, so while detached they live in this store's trigger map and
+   * migrate themselves to the root's store (and back) as it attaches/detaches.
+   * @param componentName Component name used to prefix dev warnings, e.g. `'Menu'` produces
+   * `MenuHandle.open()` in warning text.
+   * @param throwOnMissingTrigger Whether `open(triggerId)` throws when no trigger with that id is
+   * registered. Anchored popups (Menu, Popover, Tooltip, PreviewCard) need a trigger to anchor to,
+   * so they throw; Dialog is not anchored and instead opens unassociated with a dev warning.
+   */
+  constructor(fallbackStore, componentName, throwOnMissingTrigger = true) {
+    this.fallbackStore = fallbackStore;
+    this.componentName = componentName;
+    this.throwOnMissingTrigger = throwOnMissingTrigger;
+  }
+  get attachedStore() {
+    return this.attachedStoreValue;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Store that detached triggers read from: the attached root's store, or an inert fallback store
+   * used while no root is attached.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  get store() {
+    return this.attachedStoreValue ?? this.fallbackStore;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stable fallback store used for server rendering and hydration. Root stores cannot be recorded on
+   * the handle during render because a handle can be shared by concurrent server-rendered requests.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  get serverStore() {
+    return this.fallbackStore;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Subscribes to changes of the attached store pointer so detached triggers re-render and re-bind
+   * when a root attaches or detaches. Returns a function that removes the listener.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  subscribeStore(listener) {
+    this.storeListeners.add(listener);
+    return () => {
+      this.storeListeners.delete(listener);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Points the handle at a root's store and notifies subscribers so detached triggers re-render and
+   * re-register into it (their registration effect migrates them when the store pointer changes).
+   * Returns a cleanup function that detaches the store again.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  attachStore(newStore) {
+    this.attachedStores.push(newStore);
+    this.setActiveStore(newStore);
+    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
+      if (this.attachedStores.length > 1) {
+        // More than one root is attached at once. This is usually a transient overlap during an
+        // animated route transition, where the outgoing root unmounts shortly after the incoming
+        // one mounts. Defer the check by a frame and only warn if the overlap is still present once
+        // the transition has settled (more than one root stayed mounted), so a clean handoff doesn't
+        // warn regardless of the exact unmount timing.
+        // The warning frame only exists in development; it is created lazily so it never appears on
+        // instances in production (like `controlledValues` in `ReactStore`).
+        const dev = this;
+        (dev.overlapWarningFrame ??= _useAnimationFrame.AnimationFrame.create()).request(() => {
+          if (this.attachedStores.length > 1) {
+            console.warn('Base UI: A handle is attached to more than one mounted root at the same time. ' + 'The most recently mounted root takes over and the previous one stops being controlled by the handle. ' + 'A handle should be used by a single root that stays mounted for the lifetime of the handle.');
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    return () => {
+      const index = this.attachedStores.lastIndexOf(newStore);
+      if (index !== -1) {
+        this.attachedStores.splice(index, 1);
+      }
+      // Restore control to the most recently attached root that is still mounted (or detach fully if
+      // none remain). Clearing unconditionally would leave a still-mounted older root uncontrollable
+      // when a newer overlapping root detaches first (e.g. a canceled route transition).
+      this.setActiveStore(this.attachedStores[this.attachedStores.length - 1] ?? null);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the store that currently controls the handle and notifies subscribers when it changes, so
+   * detached triggers re-render and migrate their registration to the new store.
+   */
+  setActiveStore(store) {
+    if (this.attachedStoreValue !== store) {
+      this.attachedStoreValue = store;
+      this.storeListeners.forEach(listener => {
+        listener();
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Opens the attached root's store and associates it with the trigger with the given id, or a
+   * no-op (with a dev warning) while no root is attached. Shared by every concrete handle's public
+   * `open()` method, which only narrows the parameter type.
+   *
+   * When a trigger id is given but no matching trigger is registered, anchored popups throw (see
+   * `throwOnMissingTrigger`); Dialog opens unassociated with a dev warning instead.
+   *
+   * This method should only be called in an event handler or an effect (not during rendering).
+   *
+   * @param triggerId ID of the trigger to associate with the popup, or `null`/`undefined` to open
+   * without associating any trigger.
+   */
+  openByTrigger(triggerId) {
+    const attachedStore = this.attachedStore;
+    if (attachedStore === null) {
+      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
+        console.warn(`Base UI: ${this.componentName}Handle.open() was called while no root using this handle is mounted. ` + 'The call was ignored; mount a root with this handle before opening it imperatively.');
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Registered triggers normally live in the active root's store. During the commit in which a
+    // root attaches, a still-mounted detached trigger has not re-registered into that store yet (it
+    // migrates on its next render): it is still registered wherever it lived before — the fallback
+    // store when this is the first root to attach, or a previously attached root's store during a
+    // transient overlap (e.g. an animated route transition). Search the whole attachment stack
+    // (newest first) and the fallback map so an imperative open-by-id called in that commit (e.g.
+    // from a layout effect) still resolves the trigger instead of treating it as missing.
+    let triggerElement;
+    if (triggerId) {
+      for (let i = this.attachedStores.length - 1; i >= 0 && !triggerElement; i -= 1) {
+        triggerElement = this.attachedStores[i].context.triggerElements.getById(triggerId);
+      }
+      triggerElement ??= this.fallbackStore.context.triggerElements.getById(triggerId);
+    }
+    if (triggerId && !triggerElement) {
+      if (this.throwOnMissingTrigger) {
+        throw new Error(process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production" ? `Base UI: ${this.componentName}Handle.open() was called with the trigger id "${triggerId}", ` + 'but no matching trigger is registered with this handle. ' + 'An anchored popup cannot open without a trigger to anchor to. ' + `Pass the id of a mounted ${this.componentName}.Trigger that has this handle set on its "handle" prop.` : (0, _formatErrorMessage2.default)(99, this.componentName, triggerId, this.componentName));
+      }
+      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
+        console.warn(`Base UI: ${this.componentName}Handle.open: No trigger found with id "${triggerId}". ` + 'The popup will open, but the trigger will not be associated with it.');
+      }
+    }
+    attachedStore.setOpen(true, (0, _createBaseUIEventDetails.createChangeEventDetails)(_reasons.REASONS.imperativeAction, undefined, triggerElement));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Closes the popup by setting the attached root's store to closed, or a no-op (with a dev warning)
+   * while no root is attached. Shared by every concrete handle's public `close()` method.
+   *
+   * This method should only be called in an event handler or an effect (not during rendering).
+   */
+  closePopup() {
+    const attachedStore = this.attachedStore;
+    if (attachedStore === null) {
+      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
+        console.warn(`Base UI: ${this.componentName}Handle.close() was called while no root using this handle is mounted. ` + 'The call was ignored.');
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    attachedStore.setOpen(false, (0, _createBaseUIEventDetails.createChangeEventDetails)(_reasons.REASONS.imperativeAction));
+  }
+}
+exports.BasePopupHandle = BasePopupHandle;

package/utils/popups/popupHandle.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+import _formatErrorMessage from "@base-ui/utils/formatErrorMessage";
+import { AnimationFrame } from '@base-ui/utils/useAnimationFrame';
+import { createChangeEventDetails } from "../../internals/createBaseUIEventDetails.mjs";
+import { REASONS } from "../../internals/reasons.mjs";
+
+/**
+ * Minimal store contract exposed by popup handles to detached triggers.
+ *
+ * Detached triggers read `store` during render and subscribe to be notified when the handle switches
+ * between its fallback store and a root's live store.
+ *
+ * @template HandleStore Store shape exposed to detached triggers.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Store shape holding a trigger registry, required by `BasePopupHandle.openByTrigger` to resolve a
+ * trigger element by id on both the attached root's store and the fallback store.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Store shape required by `BasePopupHandle.openByTrigger`/`closePopup` to drive open/close state.
+ * Only the root-owned `Store` needs this — the `HandleStore` view exposed to detached triggers may
+ * omit `setOpen` entirely (as Dialog and PreviewCard's do) since it is never called while detached.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Shared implementation for popup handles that coordinate detached triggers with a mounted root.
+ *
+ * Subclasses provide the component-specific imperative methods, while this base class owns the
+ * fallback store, root store attachment stack, subscriber notifications, and development warning for
+ * overlapping roots.
+ *
+ * @template HandleStore Store shape exposed to detached triggers.
+ * @template Store Root-owned store attached by the component root.
+ */
+export class BasePopupHandle {
+  /**
+   * Stores of every root currently using this handle, in attach order. A handle is meant to be used
+   * by a single mounted root, but roots can transiently overlap (e.g. during an animated route
+   * transition), so this stack lets `attachStore`'s cleanup restore the previous root instead of
+   * leaving a still-mounted root uncontrollable when a newer overlapping root detaches first.
+   */
+  attachedStores = [];
+
+  /**
+   * Store of the root that currently controls the handle: the most recently attached one still
+   * mounted, or `null` when no root is attached. Imperative methods are no-ops while this is `null`.
+   */
+  attachedStoreValue = null;
+
+  /**
+   * Listeners notified when `attachedStore` changes, so detached triggers can follow the store pointer.
+   */
+  storeListeners = new Set();
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a handle backed by the store used while no root is attached.
+   *
+   * @param fallbackStore Inert, closed store handed to detached triggers while no root is attached,
+   * so they can render and register without a mounted root. Triggers register into whichever store
+   * `store` currently resolves to, so while detached they live in this store's trigger map and
+   * migrate themselves to the root's store (and back) as it attaches/detaches.
+   * @param componentName Component name used to prefix dev warnings, e.g. `'Menu'` produces
+   * `MenuHandle.open()` in warning text.
+   * @param throwOnMissingTrigger Whether `open(triggerId)` throws when no trigger with that id is
+   * registered. Anchored popups (Menu, Popover, Tooltip, PreviewCard) need a trigger to anchor to,
+   * so they throw; Dialog is not anchored and instead opens unassociated with a dev warning.
+   */
+  constructor(fallbackStore, componentName, throwOnMissingTrigger = true) {
+    this.fallbackStore = fallbackStore;
+    this.componentName = componentName;
+    this.throwOnMissingTrigger = throwOnMissingTrigger;
+  }
+  get attachedStore() {
+    return this.attachedStoreValue;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Store that detached triggers read from: the attached root's store, or an inert fallback store
+   * used while no root is attached.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  get store() {
+    return this.attachedStoreValue ?? this.fallbackStore;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stable fallback store used for server rendering and hydration. Root stores cannot be recorded on
+   * the handle during render because a handle can be shared by concurrent server-rendered requests.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  get serverStore() {
+    return this.fallbackStore;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Subscribes to changes of the attached store pointer so detached triggers re-render and re-bind
+   * when a root attaches or detaches. Returns a function that removes the listener.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  subscribeStore(listener) {
+    this.storeListeners.add(listener);
+    return () => {
+      this.storeListeners.delete(listener);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Points the handle at a root's store and notifies subscribers so detached triggers re-render and
+   * re-register into it (their registration effect migrates them when the store pointer changes).
+   * Returns a cleanup function that detaches the store again.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  attachStore(newStore) {
+    this.attachedStores.push(newStore);
+    this.setActiveStore(newStore);
+    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
+      if (this.attachedStores.length > 1) {
+        // More than one root is attached at once. This is usually a transient overlap during an
+        // animated route transition, where the outgoing root unmounts shortly after the incoming
+        // one mounts. Defer the check by a frame and only warn if the overlap is still present once
+        // the transition has settled (more than one root stayed mounted), so a clean handoff doesn't
+        // warn regardless of the exact unmount timing.
+        // The warning frame only exists in development; it is created lazily so it never appears on
+        // instances in production (like `controlledValues` in `ReactStore`).
+        const dev = this;
+        (dev.overlapWarningFrame ??= AnimationFrame.create()).request(() => {
+          if (this.attachedStores.length > 1) {
+            console.warn('Base UI: A handle is attached to more than one mounted root at the same time. ' + 'The most recently mounted root takes over and the previous one stops being controlled by the handle. ' + 'A handle should be used by a single root that stays mounted for the lifetime of the handle.');
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    return () => {
+      const index = this.attachedStores.lastIndexOf(newStore);
+      if (index !== -1) {
+        this.attachedStores.splice(index, 1);
+      }
+      // Restore control to the most recently attached root that is still mounted (or detach fully if
+      // none remain). Clearing unconditionally would leave a still-mounted older root uncontrollable
+      // when a newer overlapping root detaches first (e.g. a canceled route transition).
+      this.setActiveStore(this.attachedStores[this.attachedStores.length - 1] ?? null);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the store that currently controls the handle and notifies subscribers when it changes, so
+   * detached triggers re-render and migrate their registration to the new store.
+   */
+  setActiveStore(store) {
+    if (this.attachedStoreValue !== store) {
+      this.attachedStoreValue = store;
+      this.storeListeners.forEach(listener => {
+        listener();
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Opens the attached root's store and associates it with the trigger with the given id, or a
+   * no-op (with a dev warning) while no root is attached. Shared by every concrete handle's public
+   * `open()` method, which only narrows the parameter type.
+   *
+   * When a trigger id is given but no matching trigger is registered, anchored popups throw (see
+   * `throwOnMissingTrigger`); Dialog opens unassociated with a dev warning instead.
+   *
+   * This method should only be called in an event handler or an effect (not during rendering).
+   *
+   * @param triggerId ID of the trigger to associate with the popup, or `null`/`undefined` to open
+   * without associating any trigger.
+   */
+  openByTrigger(triggerId) {
+    const attachedStore = this.attachedStore;
+    if (attachedStore === null) {
+      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
+        console.warn(`Base UI: ${this.componentName}Handle.open() was called while no root using this handle is mounted. ` + 'The call was ignored; mount a root with this handle before opening it imperatively.');
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Registered triggers normally live in the active root's store. During the commit in which a
+    // root attaches, a still-mounted detached trigger has not re-registered into that store yet (it
+    // migrates on its next render): it is still registered wherever it lived before — the fallback
+    // store when this is the first root to attach, or a previously attached root's store during a
+    // transient overlap (e.g. an animated route transition). Search the whole attachment stack
+    // (newest first) and the fallback map so an imperative open-by-id called in that commit (e.g.
+    // from a layout effect) still resolves the trigger instead of treating it as missing.
+    let triggerElement;
+    if (triggerId) {
+      for (let i = this.attachedStores.length - 1; i >= 0 && !triggerElement; i -= 1) {
+        triggerElement = this.attachedStores[i].context.triggerElements.getById(triggerId);
+      }
+      triggerElement ??= this.fallbackStore.context.triggerElements.getById(triggerId);
+    }
+    if (triggerId && !triggerElement) {
+      if (this.throwOnMissingTrigger) {
+        throw new Error(process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production" ? `Base UI: ${this.componentName}Handle.open() was called with the trigger id "${triggerId}", ` + 'but no matching trigger is registered with this handle. ' + 'An anchored popup cannot open without a trigger to anchor to. ' + `Pass the id of a mounted ${this.componentName}.Trigger that has this handle set on its "handle" prop.` : _formatErrorMessage(99, this.componentName, triggerId, this.componentName));
+      }
+      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
+        console.warn(`Base UI: ${this.componentName}Handle.open: No trigger found with id "${triggerId}". ` + 'The popup will open, but the trigger will not be associated with it.');
+      }
+    }
+    attachedStore.setOpen(true, createChangeEventDetails(REASONS.imperativeAction, undefined, triggerElement));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Closes the popup by setting the attached root's store to closed, or a no-op (with a dev warning)
+   * while no root is attached. Shared by every concrete handle's public `close()` method.
+   *
+   * This method should only be called in an event handler or an effect (not during rendering).
+   */
+  closePopup() {
+    const attachedStore = this.attachedStore;
+    if (attachedStore === null) {
+      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
+        console.warn(`Base UI: ${this.componentName}Handle.close() was called while no root using this handle is mounted. ` + 'The call was ignored.');
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    attachedStore.setOpen(false, createChangeEventDetails(REASONS.imperativeAction));
+  }
+}