@banou/media-player 0.10.19 → 0.10.21

package/src/lib/audio/volume-normalizer-worklet.js

@@ -1,27 +1,46 @@
 /*
- * The volume normalizer's AudioWorkletProcessor, served to the browser as it is written: plain script, no imports,
- * nothing a bundler has to touch. Holds EBU short-term loudness (K-weighted, ITU-R BS.1770, gated) at a target by
- * turning the gain down, never up, so it needs no limiter and adds no delay.
+ * The volume normalizer, served to the browser as it is written: one ES module with no imports, nothing a bundler
+ * has to touch. The same file is loaded twice:
  *
- * processorOptions, every one optional:
- *   targetLufs      -24   short-term loudness held, typical anime dialogue
- *   enabled         true  false starts it bypassed
- *   inputGainDb     0     gain already applied upstream (the element's volume), judged without
+ *   as an AudioWorklet module  registers 'banou-volume-normalizer', which shapes the sound
+ *   as a module Worker         analyses the file's own audio ahead of the playhead and sends the worklet its cut
  *
- * Port messages: `{ enabled }` bypasses or engages with a 50 ms crossfade, `{ inputGainDb }` follows the volume,
- * `{ reset: 'seek' }` empties the loudness window, so the new position is judged on its own while the gain holds
- * until three blocks have refilled it, and `{ reset: 'source' }` also returns the gain to 0 dB, because nothing
- * heard so far says anything about a new file.
+ * The cut, in dB and never above 0, comes from one of two stages (HOR-498):
+ *
+ *   ahead  the worker decodes the audio as far as the file has been read, learns the file's normal level (the
+ *          median 400 ms loudness, gated at -40 LUFS) and computes a smooth cut with unlimited lookahead, so a cut
+ *          starts before a spike; the worklet plays it in step with the media time
+ *   live   wherever that cut has not reached the playhead: a learned level (the median 400 ms loudness since the
+ *          file started, never under -26 LUFS), a 100 ms detector that cuts what goes 5 LU over it, then the 10 ms
+ *          loudness held to 10 LU over it, seen 10 ms ahead
+ *
+ * Every output is 10 ms behind its input, the live stage's lookahead, whichever stage is cutting.
  */
 
-const BLOCK_SECONDS = 0.1
-const WINDOW_SECONDS = 3
-const MAX_CUT_DB = 20
-// time constants of a cut and of a recovery
-const ATTACK_SECONDS = 0.25
-const RELEASE_SECONDS = 1
-// 100 ms blocks quieter than this are left out, so a pause holds the gain
-const GATE_LUFS = -50
+const BINS_PER_SECOND = 1000
+// the analysis's unit of work and of what the worklet holds: 10 s of 1 ms bins
+const BLOCK_BINS = 10_000
+/*
+ * How far a cut reaches from the audio that asks for it, in bins. The slow stage reads 1.85 s ahead and 1.65 s
+ * behind, and its exponential attack (0.3 s, backward) and release (0.5 s, forward) fall under 0.01 dB of a 20 dB cut
+ * within 2.3 s and 3.8 s, so 8 s of context on either side gives the cut the whole file would.
+ */
+const MARGIN_BINS = 8_000
+const GATE_LUFS = -40
+// a reading's resolution in the level histogram, LU
+const HISTOGRAM_STEP = 0.01
+const HISTOGRAM_MAX = 10
+// readings above the gate before the level means anything
+const MIN_READINGS = 50
+// while only part of the file is known, the learned level is held at least here, as the live stage's is
+const PARTIAL_FLOOR_LUFS = -26
+// bins of a run that starts mid-file which the decoder's fresh start leaves untrustworthy
+const RUN_SETTLE_BINS = 50
+// a run reading audio already analysed for this long has met the work of an earlier one
+const MERGED_BINS = 1000
+
+const LUFS = (energy) => -0.691 + 10 * Math.log10(energy)
+const ENERGY = (lufs) => Math.pow(10, (lufs + 0.691) / 10)
 
 // ITU-R BS.1770 K-weighting at any sample rate, in the bilinear form libebur128 uses
 const kWeighting = (rate) => {
@@ -44,62 +63,1027 @@ const kWeighting = (rate) => {
   return { shelf, highpass }
 }
 
+// the sync fingerprint's filter, a second order Butterworth high-pass at 2 kHz (RBJ), [b0, b1, b2, a1, a2]
+const fingerprintFilter = (rate, f = 2000) => {
+  const w = 2 * Math.PI * f / rate, alpha = Math.sin(w) / (2 * Math.SQRT1_2), c = Math.cos(w), a0 = 1 + alpha
+  return [(1 + c) / 2 / a0, -(1 + c) / a0, (1 + c) / 2 / a0, -2 * c / a0, (1 - alpha) / a0]
+}
+
 // BS.1770 channel weights in WAVE order: the LFE counts for nothing, the surrounds for +1.5 dB
 const channelWeight = (index, count) => count >= 6 ? [1, 1, 1, 0, 1.41, 1.41, 1.41, 1.41][index] ?? 1 : 1
 
-class VolumeNormalizer extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
+/*
+ * The cut computed ahead, from 1 ms bins of K-weighted energy. Each stage holds a reading to a headroom over the
+ * normal level, on what the stages before it leave:
+ *   3 s, then 400 ms  the median reading around each moment, cut to its limit as one smooth gain, for loud scenes
+ *                     and loud sounds that last
+ *   50 ms, then 10 ms the loudness of every window ending on each bin; a window over its limit asks for its cut on
+ *                     each of its bins, so no window of the output is over it
+ * Each stage's cut is held, released forward and eased in backward (both exponential), and put through a minimum
+ * filter and a moving average of the same width, which rounds the corners and never makes it shallower. The
+ * headrooms are where the corpus's subtitled dialogue sits: over 12 files they cut 3.5% of dialogue time by more than
+ * 1 dB (the median file) against 21% for the live stage alone (HOR-498 arm D, 2026-10-16).
+ */
+export const CURVE = {
+  short: [{ seconds: 0.05, headroom: 8 }, { seconds: 0.01, headroom: 10 }],
+  headroom400: 9,
+  headroom3s: 8,
+  maxCutDb: 20,
+  // seconds
+  fast: { hold: 0.02, release: 0.06, attack: 0.002, smooth: 0.002 },
+  medium: { hold: 0.05, release: 0.12, attack: 0.03, smooth: 0.02 },
+  slow: { hold: 0.2, release: 0.5, attack: 0.3, smooth: 0.1 },
+}
+
+/*
+ * The median of the 400 ms readings, every 100 ms, leaving out those under -40 LUFS. Against the dialogue level the
+ * corpus's own subtitles mark, a -50 LUFS gate read 0.6 LU under it on average (sd 0.87, as much as 2.9 under on a
+ * quiet file), -40 read 0.0 (sd 0.66, worst 1.8), the gated integrated loudness 3.0 over it (sd 1.91) (HOR-498 arm
+ * D, 12 corpus files, 2026-10-16). The analysis keeps the same readings as it goes, in a histogram.
+ */
+export const normalLevel = (energy) => {
+  const prefix = new Float64Array(energy.length + 1)
+  for (let i = 0; i < energy.length; i++) prefix[i + 1] = prefix[i] + energy[i]
+  const readings = []
+  for (let t = 400; t <= energy.length; t += 100) {
+    const level = LUFS((prefix[t] - prefix[t - 400]) / 400)
+    if (level >= GATE_LUFS) readings.push(level)
+  }
+  if (!readings.length) return -Infinity
+  readings.sort((a, b) => a - b)
+  return readings[Math.floor(readings.length / 2)]
+}
+
+// sliding minimum of x over [i - before, i + after]
+const slidingMin = (x, before, after) => {
+  const n = x.length, out = new Float32Array(n), queue = new Int32Array(n)
+  let head = 0, tail = 0, next = 0
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const end = Math.min(n - 1, i + after)
+    for (; next <= end; next++) {
+      while (tail > head && x[queue[tail - 1]] >= x[next]) tail--
+      queue[tail++] = next
+    }
+    while (queue[head] < i - before) head++
+    out[i] = x[queue[head]]
+  }
+  return out
+}
+
+// past either end the missing part counts as no cut
+const movingAverage = (x, half) => {
+  const n = x.length, out = new Float32Array(n), prefix = new Float64Array(n + 1)
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) prefix[i + 1] = prefix[i] + x[i]
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const a = Math.max(0, i - half), b = Math.min(n, i + half + 1)
+    out[i] = (prefix[b] - prefix[a]) / (2 * half + 1)
+  }
+  return out
+}
+
+// the cut asked for (dB, at most 0) held, released, eased in and rounded; step is the bin length in seconds
+const smooth = (asked, step, { hold, release, attack, smooth: width }) => {
+  const held = slidingMin(asked, Math.round(hold / step), 0)
+  const r = Math.exp(-step / release), a = Math.exp(-step / attack)
+  for (let i = 1; i < held.length; i++) held[i] = Math.min(held[i], held[i - 1] * r)
+  for (let i = held.length - 2; i >= 0; i--) held[i] = Math.min(held[i], held[i + 1] * a)
+  const half = Math.round(width / step)
+  return half > 0 ? movingAverage(slidingMin(held, half, half), half) : held
+}
+
+const median = (values) => {
+  const sorted = Float64Array.from(values).sort()
+  return sorted[sorted.length >> 1]
+}
+
+/*
+ * The slow stages' detectors, in LUFS: per 100 ms step, the median of the 400 ms readings over the 3 s around it; per
+ * 10 ms block, the median of the 10 ms readings over the 400 ms around it. A median ignores whatever lasts under half
+ * its window, so a short spike is left to the fast stages and does not pull the dialogue around it down with it.
+ */
+const slowDetector = (e10) => {
+  const steps = Math.ceil(e10.length / 10), readings = new Float64Array(steps)
+  for (let s = 0; s < steps; s++) {
+    let sum = 0, count = 0
+    for (let j = 10 * s - 15; j < 10 * s + 25; j++) if (j >= 0 && j < e10.length) { sum += e10[j]; count++ }
+    readings[s] = count ? LUFS(sum / count) : -Infinity
+  }
+  return readings.map((_, s) => median(readings.subarray(Math.max(0, s - 15), Math.min(steps, s + 16))))
+}
+
+const mediumDetector = (e10) => {
+  const blocks = e10.map(LUFS)
+  return blocks.map((_, j) => median(blocks.subarray(Math.max(0, j - 20), Math.min(blocks.length, j + 20))))
+}
+
+/** The cut in dB for each 1 ms bin of `energy`, at most 0, against the file's normal level in LUFS. */
+export const gainCurve = (energy, normal, o = CURVE) => {
+  const n = energy.length
+  const gainDb = new Float32Array(n)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(normal) || !n) return gainDb
+  const blocks = Math.ceil(n / 10), e10 = new Float64Array(blocks)
+  for (let j = 0; j < blocks; j++) {
+    let s = 0, c = 0
+    for (let i = 10 * j; i < Math.min(n, 10 * j + 10); i++) { s += energy[i]; c++ }
+    e10[j] = s / c
+  }
+  const asked = (level, headroom) => Math.max(-o.maxCutDb, Math.min(0, normal + headroom - level))
+  const slowSteps = slowDetector(e10)
+  const slow = smooth(Float32Array.from({ length: blocks }, (_, j) => asked(slowSteps[Math.floor(j / 10)], o.headroom3s)), 0.01, o.slow)
+  const afterSlow = e10.map((e, j) => e * Math.pow(10, slow[j] / 10))
+  const medium = smooth(mediumDetector(afterSlow).map((l) => asked(l, o.headroom400)), 0.01, o.medium)
+  // both slow stages on the 1 ms bins, linear between block centres
+  const coarse = new Float32Array(n)
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const t = (i + 0.5) / 10 - 0.5, j = Math.max(0, Math.min(blocks - 1, Math.floor(t))), k = Math.min(blocks - 1, j + 1), f = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, t - j))
+    coarse[i] = (slow[j] + medium[j]) * (1 - f) + (slow[k] + medium[k]) * f
+  }
+  const after = new Float64Array(n)
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) after[i] = energy[i] * Math.pow(10, coarse[i] / 10)
+  const fast = new Float32Array(n)
+  for (const { seconds, headroom } of o.short) {
+    const width = Math.max(1, Math.round(seconds * BINS_PER_SECOND)), limit = ENERGY(normal + headroom)
+    const need = new Float32Array(n)
+    let sum = 0
+    for (let k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+      sum += after[k]
+      if (k >= width) sum -= after[k - width]
+      const mean = Math.max(0, sum) / Math.min(width, k + 1)
+      need[k] = mean > limit ? Math.max(-o.maxCutDb, 10 * Math.log10(limit / mean)) : 0
+    }
+    const cut = smooth(slidingMin(need, 0, width - 1), 0.001, o.fast)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { fast[i] += cut[i]; after[i] *= Math.pow(10, cut[i] / 10) }
+  }
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) gainDb[i] = Math.max(-o.maxCutDb, Math.min(0, coarse[i] + fast[i]))
+  return gainDb
+}
+
+/**
+ * Takes decoded audio in order and calls `emit(bin, energy, finger)` for each 1 ms bin of the timeline it covers,
+ * bin `b` being [b, b + 1) ms: the K-weighted energy (BS.1770 channel weights) and the energy above 2 kHz, every
+ * channel summed, which the worklet matches against the live audio. `push` takes planes, a frame count and the
+ * first frame's time in seconds. Audio follows on from the last push while its time is within 10 ms of where that
+ * ended, since Matroska's millisecond timestamps are off the samples by up to half a millisecond every frame; a gap
+ * of more than that and under a second is silence, as MediaSource plays it, and any other jump starts a new stretch,
+ * keeping the filters' state.
+ */
+export const makeBinner = (rate, channelCount, emit) => {
+  const { shelf: [b0, b1, b2, a1, a2], highpass: [c0, c1, c2, d1, d2] } = kWeighting(rate)
+  const [h0, h1, h2, g1, g2] = fingerprintFilter(rate)
+  const kState = Array.from({ length: channelCount }, () => new Float64Array(4))
+  const hState = Array.from({ length: channelCount }, () => new Float64Array(2))
+  let ek = new Float64Array(0), fk = new Float64Array(0)
+  let originBin = 0, fraction = 0, position = 0, bin = 0, edge = 0, eSum = 0, fSum = 0, count = 0, expected = NaN
+  const close = () => {
+    if (count) emit(originBin + bin, eSum / count, fSum / count)
+    eSum = fSum = count = 0
+  }
+  const restart = (time) => {
+    close()
+    const at = time * BINS_PER_SECOND
+    const next = originBin + bin + 1
+    if (time > expected && time - expected < 1) for (let b = next; b < Math.floor(at); b++) emit(b, 0, 0)
+    originBin = Math.floor(at)
+    fraction = at - originBin
+    position = 0
+    bin = 0
+    edge = Math.ceil((1 - fraction) * rate / BINS_PER_SECOND)
+  }
+  return {
+    push(planes, frames, time) {
+      if (!(Math.abs(time - expected) < 0.01)) restart(time)
+      else time = expected
+      expected = time + frames / rate
+      if (ek.length < frames) { ek = new Float64Array(frames); fk = new Float64Array(frames) }
+      ek.fill(0, 0, frames)
+      fk.fill(0, 0, frames)
+      for (let c = 0; c < channelCount; c++) {
+        const x = planes[c], w = channelWeight(c, channelCount), s = kState[c], h = hState[c]
+        let s1 = s[0], s2 = s[1], t1 = s[2], t2 = s[3], u1 = h[0], u2 = h[1]
+        for (let i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
+          const v = x[i]
+          const y = b0 * v + s1
+          s1 = b1 * v - a1 * y + s2
+          s2 = b2 * v - a2 * y
+          const z = c0 * y + t1
+          t1 = c1 * y - d1 * z + t2
+          t2 = c2 * y - d2 * z
+          ek[i] += w * z * z
+          const q = h0 * v + u1
+          u1 = h1 * v - g1 * q + u2
+          u2 = h2 * v - g2 * q
+          fk[i] += q * q
+        }
+        s[0] = s1; s[1] = s2; s[2] = t1; s[3] = t2; h[0] = u1; h[1] = u2
+      }
+      for (let i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
+        if (position >= edge) {
+          close()
+          bin++
+          edge = Math.ceil((bin + 1 - fraction) * rate / BINS_PER_SECOND)
+        }
+        eSum += ek[i]
+        fSum += fk[i]
+        count++
+        position++
+      }
+    },
+    flush: close,
+  }
+}
+
+// --- fragmented mp4, as libav-wasm writes it ---
+
+const fourcc = (view, at) => String.fromCharCode(view.getUint8(at), view.getUint8(at + 1), view.getUint8(at + 2), view.getUint8(at + 3))
+
+const boxes = (view, start, end) => {
+  const out = []
+  for (let at = start; at + 8 <= end;) {
+    let size = view.getUint32(at), body = at + 8
+    if (size === 1) { size = Number(view.getBigUint64(at + 8)); body = at + 16 }
+    else if (size === 0) size = end - at
+    if (size < 8 || at + size > end) break
+    out.push({ type: fourcc(view, at + 4), start: at, body, end: at + size })
+    at += size
+  }
+  return out
+}
+const child = (view, box, type) => box && boxes(view, box.body, box.end).find((b) => b.type === type)
+
+// an MPEG-4 descriptor's tag, and where its body starts and ends
+const descriptor = (bytes, at) => {
+  let size = 0, p = at + 1
+  for (let k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+    const b = bytes[p++]
+    size = (size << 7) | (b & 0x7f)
+    if (!(b & 0x80)) break
+  }
+  return { tag: bytes[at], body: p, end: p + size }
+}
+
+// the AudioSpecificConfig inside an esds box: ES_Descriptor, DecoderConfigDescriptor, DecoderSpecificInfo
+const audioSpecificConfig = (bytes, esds) => {
+  const es = descriptor(bytes, esds.body + 4)
+  if (es.tag !== 3) return undefined
+  let p = es.body + 2
+  const flags = bytes[p++]
+  if (flags & 0x80) p += 2
+  if (flags & 0x40) p += 1 + bytes[p]
+  if (flags & 0x20) p += 2
+  const config = descriptor(bytes, p)
+  if (config.tag !== 4) return undefined
+  const info = descriptor(bytes, config.body + 13)
+  return info.tag === 5 ? bytes.slice(info.body, info.end) : undefined
+}
+
+// WebCodecs wants Opus's identification header, little-endian, where mp4 carries dOps, big-endian
+const opusHead = (view, bytes, dOps) => {
+  const channels = bytes[dOps.body + 1], family = bytes[dOps.body + 10]
+  const head = new Uint8Array(19 + (family ? 2 + channels : 0))
+  head.set([79, 112, 117, 115, 72, 101, 97, 100, 1, channels])
+  const out = new DataView(head.buffer)
+  out.setUint16(10, view.getUint16(dOps.body + 2), true)
+  out.setUint32(12, view.getUint32(dOps.body + 4), true)
+  out.setInt16(16, view.getInt16(dOps.body + 8), true)
+  head[18] = family
+  if (family) head.set(bytes.subarray(dOps.body + 11, dOps.body + 13 + channels), 19)
+  return head
+}
+
+/**
+ * The audio track of an mp4 init segment: its track id, timescale, the sample entry's channel count and rate, the
+ * decoder description WebCodecs takes (AudioSpecificConfig, OpusHead, or "fLaC" and the metadata blocks), and the
+ * trex defaults. Undefined when it has none.
+ */
+export const audioTrackOf = (init) => {
+  const view = new DataView(init), bytes = new Uint8Array(init)
+  const moov = boxes(view, 0, view.byteLength).find((b) => b.type === 'moov')
+  if (!moov) return undefined
+  for (const trak of boxes(view, moov.body, moov.end).filter((b) => b.type === 'trak')) {
+    const mdia = child(view, trak, 'mdia'), hdlr = child(view, mdia, 'hdlr')
+    if (!hdlr || fourcc(view, hdlr.body + 8) !== 'soun') continue
+    const tkhd = child(view, trak, 'tkhd'), mdhd = child(view, mdia, 'mdhd')
+    const id = view.getUint32(tkhd.body + (view.getUint8(tkhd.body) ? 20 : 12))
+    const timescale = view.getUint32(mdhd.body + (view.getUint8(mdhd.body) ? 20 : 12))
+    const stsd = child(view, child(view, child(view, mdia, 'minf'), 'stbl'), 'stsd')
+    const entry = stsd && boxes(view, stsd.body + 8, stsd.end)[0]
+    if (!entry) return undefined
+    const inner = boxes(view, entry.body + 28, entry.end)
+    const esds = inner.find((b) => b.type === 'esds'), dOps = inner.find((b) => b.type === 'dOps'), dfLa = inner.find((b) => b.type === 'dfLa')
+    let description
+    if (esds) description = audioSpecificConfig(bytes, esds)
+    else if (dOps) description = opusHead(view, bytes, dOps)
+    else if (dfLa) {
+      description = new Uint8Array(dfLa.end - dfLa.body)
+      description.set([102, 76, 97, 67])
+      description.set(bytes.subarray(dfLa.body + 4, dfLa.end), 4)
+    }
+    let defaultDuration = 0, defaultSize = 0
+    const mvex = child(view, moov, 'mvex')
+    for (const trex of mvex ? boxes(view, mvex.body, mvex.end).filter((b) => b.type === 'trex') : []) {
+      if (view.getUint32(trex.body + 4) !== id) continue
+      defaultDuration = view.getUint32(trex.body + 12)
+      defaultSize = view.getUint32(trex.body + 16)
+    }
+    return {
+      id, timescale, description, defaultDuration, defaultSize,
+      channels: view.getUint16(entry.body + 16),
+      sampleRate: view.getUint32(entry.body + 24) >>> 16,
+    }
+  }
+  return undefined
+}
+
+/** The track's samples in a fragment (moof and mdat): each one's time and duration in the track's timescale, and its bytes. */
+export const audioSamplesOf = (fragment, track) => {
+  const view = new DataView(fragment), bytes = new Uint8Array(fragment), samples = []
+  for (const moof of boxes(view, 0, view.byteLength).filter((b) => b.type === 'moof')) {
+    for (const traf of boxes(view, moof.body, moof.end).filter((b) => b.type === 'traf')) {
+      const tfhd = child(view, traf, 'tfhd'), flags = view.getUint32(tfhd.body) & 0xffffff
+      if (view.getUint32(tfhd.body + 4) !== track.id) continue
+      let at = tfhd.body + 8, base = moof.start, duration = track.defaultDuration, size = track.defaultSize
+      if (flags & 0x1) { base = Number(view.getBigUint64(at)); at += 8 }
+      if (flags & 0x2) at += 4
+      if (flags & 0x8) { duration = view.getUint32(at); at += 4 }
+      if (flags & 0x10) { size = view.getUint32(at); at += 4 }
+      const tfdt = child(view, traf, 'tfdt')
+      let time = !tfdt ? 0 : view.getUint8(tfdt.body) ? Number(view.getBigUint64(tfdt.body + 4)) : view.getUint32(tfdt.body + 4)
+      let offset = base
+      for (const trun of boxes(view, traf.body, traf.end).filter((b) => b.type === 'trun')) {
+        const runFlags = view.getUint32(trun.body) & 0xffffff, count = view.getUint32(trun.body + 4)
+        let p = trun.body + 8
+        if (runFlags & 0x1) { offset = base + view.getInt32(p); p += 4 }
+        if (runFlags & 0x4) p += 4
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+          let d = duration, s = size
+          if (runFlags & 0x100) { d = view.getUint32(p); p += 4 }
+          if (runFlags & 0x200) { s = view.getUint32(p); p += 4 }
+          if (runFlags & 0x400) p += 4
+          if (runFlags & 0x800) p += 4
+          if (offset + s <= bytes.length) samples.push({ time, duration: d, data: bytes.subarray(offset, offset + s) })
+          time += d
+          offset += s
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return samples
+}
+
+/**
+ * The analysis: 1 ms bins of whatever audio it is given, the normal level learned from them, and the cut for the
+ * blocks around the playhead. `toWorklet` takes `{ block, gain, finger }` (10 s of bins from `block * 10` s, NaN where
+ * the cut or the audio is not known) and `{ drop }`; `toPage` takes the coverage reports the page schedules reads on.
+ * Separate from the worker's messages so a test can drive it with decoded audio.
+ */
+export const createAnalysis = ({ toWorklet, toPage = () => {} }) => {
+  const chunks = new Map()
+  // analysed bins, as sorted and disjoint [start, end) pairs
+  const spans = []
+  const histogram = new Uint32Array(Math.round((HISTOGRAM_MAX - GATE_LUFS) / HISTOGRAM_STEP))
+  let readings = 0
+  let endBin = Infinity
+  // the first bin of the run that read from the start of the file
+  let firstBin = -1
+  let playhead = 0
+  const sent = new Map()
+  let run = null
+  let timer
+
+  const spanAt = (bin) => {
+    let lo = 0, hi = spans.length - 1
+    while (lo <= hi) {
+      const mid = (lo + hi) >> 1, span = spans[mid]
+      if (bin < span[0]) hi = mid - 1
+      else if (bin >= span[1]) lo = mid + 1
+      else return span
+    }
+    return undefined
+  }
+  // only ever called for a bin no span holds
+  const cover = (bin) => {
+    let i = 0
+    while (i < spans.length && spans[i][1] < bin) i++
+    const span = spans[i]
+    if (span && span[1] === bin) {
+      span[1]++
+      const next = spans[i + 1]
+      if (next && next[0] === span[1]) { span[1] = next[1]; spans.splice(i + 1, 1) }
+    } else if (span && span[0] === bin + 1) span[0] = bin
+    else spans.splice(i, 0, [bin, bin + 1])
+  }
+  const chunkOf = (bin) => {
+    const index = Math.floor(bin / BLOCK_BINS)
+    let chunk = chunks.get(index)
+    if (!chunk) {
+      chunk = { energy: new Float32Array(BLOCK_BINS), finger: new Float32Array(BLOCK_BINS) }
+      chunks.set(index, chunk)
+    }
+    return chunk
+  }
+  const energyAt = (bin) => chunks.get(Math.floor(bin / BLOCK_BINS)).energy[bin % BLOCK_BINS]
+
+  const count = (end) => {
+    let sum = 0
+    for (let b = end - 400; b < end; b++) sum += energyAt(b)
+    const level = LUFS(sum / 400)
+    if (!(level >= GATE_LUFS)) return
+    histogram[Math.min(histogram.length - 1, Math.floor((level - GATE_LUFS) / HISTOGRAM_STEP))]++
+    readings++
+  }
+
+  const write = (run, bin, energy, finger) => {
+    if (bin < run.from || bin >= endBin) return
+    run.last = bin
+    if (spanAt(bin)) {
+      if (run.wrote && ++run.skipped === MERGED_BINS) toPage({ type: 'merged', run: run.id, ...coverage() })
+      return
+    }
+    run.skipped = 0
+    run.wrote = true
+    if (run.start && firstBin < 0) firstBin = bin
+    const chunk = chunkOf(bin)
+    chunk.energy[bin % BLOCK_BINS] = energy
+    chunk.finger[bin % BLOCK_BINS] = finger
+    cover(bin)
+    // each 400 ms reading every 100 ms, counted when its last bin lands with the rest already there
+    if ((bin + 1) % 100 === 0 && bin + 1 >= 400 && spanAt(bin)[0] <= bin + 1 - 400) count(bin + 1)
+  }
+
+  const normal = () => {
+    if (readings < MIN_READINGS) return -Infinity
+    const rank = Math.floor(readings / 2)
+    let seen = 0
+    for (let i = 0; i < histogram.length; i++) {
+      seen += histogram[i]
+      if (seen > rank) {
+        const level = GATE_LUFS + (i + 0.5) * HISTOGRAM_STEP
+        const whole = firstBin >= 0 && spans.length === 1 && spans[0][0] <= firstBin && spans[0][1] >= endBin
+        return whole ? level : Math.max(PARTIAL_FLOOR_LUFS, level)
+      }
+    }
+    return -Infinity
+  }
+
+  // what is known in and around a block, so a block is computed again only once that or the level moved
+  const signature = (start, end) => {
+    let covered = 0
+    for (const [a, b] of spans) covered += Math.max(0, Math.min(b, end) - Math.max(a, start))
+    return `${covered}/${endBin}`
+  }
+
+  const computeBlock = (block, level) => {
+    const start = block * BLOCK_BINS, end = start + BLOCK_BINS
+    const gain = new Float32Array(BLOCK_BINS).fill(NaN), finger = new Float32Array(BLOCK_BINS).fill(NaN)
+    for (const [a, b] of spans) {
+      if (b <= start || a >= end) continue
+      const from = Math.max(a, start - MARGIN_BINS), to = Math.min(b, end + MARGIN_BINS)
+      const energy = new Float32Array(to - from)
+      for (let bin = from; bin < to; bin++) energy[bin - from] = energyAt(bin)
+      const curve = gainCurve(energy, level)
+      // a cut needs what follows it: short of the margin it is known only at the end of the file
+      const known = b >= endBin ? b : b - MARGIN_BINS
+      for (let bin = Math.max(a, start); bin < Math.min(b, end); bin++) {
+        const chunk = chunks.get(Math.floor(bin / BLOCK_BINS))
+        finger[bin - start] = Math.log(chunk.finger[bin % BLOCK_BINS] + 1e-10)
+        if (bin < known) gain[bin - start] = curve[bin - from]
+      }
+      // the last cut holds past the end of the file, where playback's audio can run on by its offset
+      if (b >= endBin && b > start && b < end) gain.fill(gain[b - 1 - start], b - start)
+    }
+    return { gain, finger }
+  }
+
+  const update = () => {
+    timer = undefined
+    const level = normal()
+    const here = Math.floor(playhead * BINS_PER_SECOND / BLOCK_BINS)
+    for (const block of [...sent.keys()]) {
+      if (block >= here - 2 && block <= here + 4) continue
+      sent.delete(block)
+      toWorklet({ drop: block })
+    }
+    if (!Number.isFinite(level)) return
+    for (let block = Math.max(0, here - 1); block <= here + 3; block++) {
+      if (block * BLOCK_BINS >= endBin) break
+      const start = block * BLOCK_BINS
+      const known = signature(start - MARGIN_BINS, start + BLOCK_BINS + MARGIN_BINS)
+      const last = sent.get(block)
+      if (last && last.known === known && Math.abs(last.level - level) < 0.05) continue
+      if (!spans.some(([a, b]) => a < start + BLOCK_BINS && b > start)) continue
+      const { gain, finger } = computeBlock(block, level)
+      sent.set(block, { known, level })
+      toWorklet({ block, gain, finger }, [gain.buffer, finger.buffer])
+    }
+  }
+  const schedule = () => { timer ??= setTimeout(update, 250) }
+
+  const coverage = () => ({
+    spans: spans.map(([a, b]) => [a / BINS_PER_SECOND, b / BINS_PER_SECOND]),
+    end: Number.isFinite(endBin) ? endBin / BINS_PER_SECOND : null,
+    normal: normal(),
+  })
+
+  return {
+    /**
+     * A run of decoded audio starts at `time` s; `start` when it reads from the start of the file. A run that starts
+     * anywhere else leaves out its first 50 ms, which a decoder starting fresh gets wrong.
+     */
+    startRun: (id, time, start = false) => {
+      run?.binner?.flush()
+      const from = start ? 0 : Math.floor(time * BINS_PER_SECOND) + RUN_SETTLE_BINS
+      run = { id, start, from, skipped: 0, wrote: false, last: -1, binner: null }
+    },
+    /** Decoded audio of the current run, as planes of `frames` frames at `rate`, from `time` s. */
+    push: (planes, frames, rate, time) => {
+      if (!run) return
+      const current = run
+      current.binner ??= makeBinner(rate, planes.length, (bin, energy, finger) => write(current, bin, energy, finger))
+      current.binner.push(planes, frames, time)
+      schedule()
+    },
+    /** The current run is over; `finished` when it reached the end of the file. */
+    endRun: (finished) => {
+      if (!run) return
+      run.binner?.flush()
+      if (finished && run.last >= 0) endBin = run.last + 1
+      run = null
+      schedule()
+    },
+    coverage,
+    // a playhead in another block has the blocks around it sent at once, before a seek's audio arrives
+    setPlayhead: (time) => {
+      const moved = Math.floor(time * BINS_PER_SECOND / BLOCK_BINS) !== Math.floor(playhead * BINS_PER_SECOND / BLOCK_BINS)
+      playhead = time
+      if (!moved) return
+      clearTimeout(timer)
+      update()
+    },
+    flushBlocks: () => {
+      clearTimeout(timer)
+      update()
+    },
+    normal,
+    spans,
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * The worker's side: fragments from a second libav remuxer reading the same file, decoded with WebCodecs.
+ *
+ *   { type: 'port', port }                the worklet's end of a MessageChannel, for the blocks
+ *   { type: 'init', data, codec }         the init segment and the codec string MediaSource was given
+ *   { type: 'run', run, pts, start }      a run of fragments starts, `pts` added to their times as the SourceBuffer's
+ *                                         timestampOffset adds it for playback; `start` for the one from the start
+ *   { type: 'fragment', run, data }       answered { type: 'ack', run, spans, end, normal } once its audio is queued
+ *                                         for decoding: the analysed seconds, the file's end once known, and the
+ *                                         level learned so far in LUFS
+ *   { type: 'end', run, finished }        the run is over, answered { type: 'ended', run, spans, end, normal }
+ *   { type: 'playhead', time }
+ *
+ * and posts { type: 'merged', run, spans, end, normal } when a run has met audio an earlier one analysed, and
+ * { type: 'unsupported' } when this browser's WebCodecs cannot decode the track.
+ */
+const serve = (scope) => {
+  let port
+  let track
+  let codec
+  let decoder
+  let runId = -1
+  let pts = 0
+  const analysis = createAnalysis({
+    toWorklet: (message, transfer) => port?.postMessage(message, transfer),
+    toPage: (message) => scope.postMessage(message),
+  })
+  const unsupported = () => { track = undefined; scope.postMessage({ type: 'unsupported' }) }
+  const queue = () => new Promise((resolve) => {
+    const check = () => {
+      if (!decoder || decoder.state !== 'configured' || decoder.decodeQueueSize < 32) {
+        decoder?.removeEventListener('dequeue', check)
+        resolve()
+      }
+    }
+    decoder.addEventListener('dequeue', check)
+    check()
+  })
+  /*
+   * Each output is placed by its own chunk's timestamp, never the one AudioData carries: Chrome 155 stamps outputs by
+   * counting samples from the first chunk, and libav's first audio sample in a run lasts until the video's first frame
+   * is due (62 ms more than its own length in Matroska and mp4 with B-frames, 82 ms in FLAC), which MediaSource plays
+   * as a gap; counted, what follows came out that much early, too far for the first match to find (HOR-498 build,
+   * 2026-10-17).
+   */
+  let stamps = []
+  const open = (id) => {
+    if (decoder && decoder.state !== 'closed') decoder.close()
+    stamps = []
+    const mine = new AudioDecoder({
+      output: (data) => {
+        if (id !== runId) return data.close()
+        const planes = []
+        for (let c = 0; c < data.numberOfChannels; c++) {
+          const plane = new Float32Array(data.numberOfFrames)
+          data.copyTo(plane, { planeIndex: c, format: 'f32-planar' })
+          planes.push(plane)
+        }
+        analysis.push(planes, data.numberOfFrames, data.sampleRate, stamps.shift() ?? data.timestamp / 1e6)
+        data.close()
+      },
+      error: () => { if (id === runId) unsupported() },
+    })
+    mine.configure({ codec, sampleRate: track.sampleRate, numberOfChannels: track.channels, ...(track.description ? { description: track.description } : {}) })
+    decoder = mine
+  }
+  const handle = async (data) => {
+    if (data.type === 'init') {
+      codec = data.codec
+      const found = audioTrackOf(data.data)
+      const config = found && { codec, sampleRate: found.sampleRate, numberOfChannels: found.channels, ...(found.description ? { description: found.description } : {}) }
+      const support = config && typeof AudioDecoder === 'function' && await AudioDecoder.isConfigSupported(config).catch(() => undefined)
+      if (support?.supported) track = found
+      else unsupported()
+    } else if (!track) return
+    else if (data.type === 'run') {
+      runId = data.run
+      pts = data.pts
+      open(runId)
+      analysis.startRun(runId, pts, data.start)
+    } else if (data.type === 'fragment') {
+      if (data.run !== runId || decoder.state !== 'configured') return
+      for (const sample of audioSamplesOf(data.data, track)) {
+        const time = pts + sample.time / track.timescale
+        stamps.push(time)
+        decoder.decode(new EncodedAudioChunk({
+          type: 'key',
+          timestamp: Math.round(time * 1e6),
+          duration: Math.round(sample.duration / track.timescale * 1e6),
+          data: sample.data,
+        }))
+      }
+      await queue()
+      scope.postMessage({ type: 'ack', run: data.run, ...analysis.coverage() })
+    } else if (data.type === 'end') {
+      if (data.run !== runId) return
+      const ending = decoder
+      if (ending.state === 'configured') await ending.flush().catch(() => {})
+      if (data.run !== runId) return
+      if (ending.state === 'configured') ending.close()
+      analysis.endRun(data.finished)
+      scope.postMessage({ type: 'ended', run: data.run, ...analysis.coverage() })
+    }
+  }
+  // in order, each after the last is done, except what moves no audio
+  let chain = Promise.resolve()
+  scope.onmessage = ({ data }) => {
+    if (data.type === 'port') port = data.port
+    else if (data.type === 'playhead') analysis.setPlayhead(data.time)
+    else chain = chain.then(() => handle(data)).catch(() => {})
+  }
+}
+
+// --- the worklet's side ---
+
+const LIVE_BINS = 2048
+const EPSILON = 1e-10
+// the live stage's settings (HOR-498 arm C)
+const LIVE = {
+  headroom: 5, floor: -26, minBlocks: 50, maxCut: 20, attack: 0.005, release: 0.3, window: 0.1,
+  shortCeiling: 10, shortWindow: 0.01, lookahead: 0.01, shortRelease: 0.15,
+}
+const BLOCK_SECONDS = 0.1
+const LEARN_GATE_LUFS = -50
+const HIST_MIN = -70
+const HIST_STEP = 0.5
+const HIST_BINS = 140
+const QUANTUM = 128
+// how fast the ahead stage takes over from the live one, and the switch engages or bypasses
+const HANDOVER_SECONDS = 0.05
+const CROSSFADE_SECONDS = 0.05
+/*
+ * How far either way the live audio is searched for in the analysed audio, in ms: first, and after a seek, against
+ * where the last match put it. Played from the start, the fixtures matched 21 to 60 ms off, and FLAC past 60 ms (HOR-498
+ * build, 2026-10-17), as long as libav's first audio sample stretches to the video's first frame, which B-frames set.
+ */
+const LOCK_RANGE_MS = 250
+const RELOCK_RANGE_MS = 30
+// how far from the last match a seek may move the audio, which the deepest cut in doubt covers, in ms: FLAC moved 82 ms
+// across the first remuxer seek, from the stream's start, where MediaSource plays libav's first sample short
+const DOUBT_MS = 100
+// how far from the best offset another must come close for the match to be in question, in ms
+const CLEAR_MS = 60
+// a search scores this many bins against offsets in a render quantum, about 0.2 ms of a 2.7 ms one
+const SCORES_PER_QUANTUM = 40_000
+
+/*
+ * Port messages: `{ enabled }` engages or bypasses with a 50 ms crossfade; `{ inputGainDb }` is the gain already
+ * applied upstream (the element's volume), judged without; `{ reset: 'seek' }` empties the live stage's window and
+ * holds the ahead stage's alignment in doubt until the audio is matched again; `{ reset: 'source' }` forgets
+ * everything heard; `{ media, ctx, rate, paused }` is the main thread's video.currentTime read together with
+ * context.currentTime; `{ analysis }` is the port the analysis sends its blocks on, and replaces their sender.
+ *
+ * Timing, measured in headless Chrome 155 (HOR-498 arm D, 2026-10-16): a pair of video.currentTime and
+ * context.currentTime read in one task names the media time of the audio reaching a worklet that same render frame,
+ * to the sample for a 48 kHz file and within about 2 ms for a 44.1 kHz one, except for the odd pair off by up to
+ * 13 ms; so a jump of more than 25 ms re-anchors the timeline, and the median of the next five pairs settles it. Where
+ * playback's audio sits against the analysed audio changes with each run of the remuxer behind it: -18 to +44 ms on
+ * the fixtures, the same file 44 ms apart before and after a seek (HOR-498 build, 2026-10-17). So the offset is found
+ * from the audio itself: the live fingerprint against the analysed one, every 250 ms at normal speed, to a fraction of
+ * a millisecond. The same match catches the rare stall (once, 60 ms of silence came in mid-file and the audio after it
+ * ran 11 ms ahead of the clock). Nothing is cut ahead until the first match, which also proves the blocks belong to
+ * this audio; after a seek, until the next one, each quantum gets the deepest cut within the doubt, never less than
+ * the cut asks, as it does away from normal speed (Chrome's time stretching moves the audio up to about 30 ms either
+ * way).
+ */
+const defineProcessor = () => class VolumeNormalizer extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
   constructor({ processorOptions = {} } = {}) {
     super()
-    const option = (key, fallback) => typeof processorOptions[key] === 'number' ? processorOptions[key] : fallback
-    this.target = option('targetLufs', -24)
     this.enabled = processorOptions.enabled !== false
     this.mix = this.enabled ? 1 : 0
-    this.inputPower = Math.pow(10, option('inputGainDb', 0) / 10)
+    this.inputPower = Math.pow(10, (typeof processorOptions.inputGainDb === 'number' ? processorOptions.inputGainDb : 0) / 10)
 
     this.coefficients = kWeighting(sampleRate)
     this.filterState = []
-    this.blockLength = Math.round(sampleRate * BLOCK_SECONDS)
-    this.blockFill = 0
-    this.blockSum = 0
-    // mean square of each block in the window, or -1 for a block the gate left out
-    this.blocks = new Float64Array(Math.round(WINDOW_SECONDS / BLOCK_SECONDS)).fill(-1)
-    this.blockIndex = 0
+    this.ring = new Float64Array(Math.max(1, Math.round(LIVE.window * sampleRate / QUANTUM)))
+    this.ringIndex = 0
+    this.ringSum = 0
+    this.ringFill = 0
+    this.blockQuanta = Math.round(BLOCK_SECONDS * sampleRate / QUANTUM)
+    this.quantaInBlock = 0
+    this.blockEnergy = 0
+    this.lastBlocks = new Float64Array(4)
+    this.lastBlockIndex = 0
+    this.hist = new Float64Array(HIST_BINS)
+    this.histTotal = 0
+    this.reference = 0
     this.desiredDb = 0
-    this.gainDb = 0
+    this.liveGainDb = 0
     this.appliedGain = 1
-    this.energy = new Float32Array(128)
+    this.sampleEnergy = new Float64Array(QUANTUM)
+    this.delay = Math.max(1, Math.round(LIVE.lookahead * sampleRate))
+    this.delaySeconds = this.delay / sampleRate
+    this.audioLines = []
+    this.gainLine = new Float32Array(this.delay).fill(1)
+    this.lineIndex = 0
+    this.shortRelease = 1 - Math.exp(-1 / (LIVE.shortRelease * sampleRate))
+    this.windowEnergy = new Float64Array(Math.max(1, Math.round(LIVE.shortWindow * sampleRate)))
+    this.windowSum = 0
+    this.windowIndex = 0
+    /*
+     * The cut each 10 ms window asks for goes through a sliding minimum over the ramp plus one sample, the release,
+     * then an average over that same span: every value in the span is that cut or deeper, so the cut is complete
+     * when the sample half a window before the window's end leaves the delay line. Complete only at the window's
+     * newest sample instead (a 5 ms delay), sharp onsets went 1.6 to 2.3 LU over the ceiling for about 5 ms (HOR-498
+     * arm C review, 2026-10-16).
+     */
+    this.shortSpan = Math.max(1, this.delay - Math.floor(this.windowEnergy.length / 2)) + 1
+    this.minValues = new Float64Array(this.shortSpan + 1)
+    this.minTimes = new Float64Array(this.shortSpan + 1)
+    this.minHead = 0
+    this.minLength = 0
+    this.average = new Float64Array(this.shortSpan)
+    this.averageSum = 0
+    this.averageIndex = 0
+    this.shortEnvelope = 0
+    this.shortTime = 0
+
+    this.blocks = new Map()
+    this.analysis = null
+    this.fingerFilter = fingerprintFilter(sampleRate)
+    this.fingerState = []
+    this.binFrames = sampleRate / BINS_PER_SECOND
+    this.binFill = 0
+    this.binSum = 0
+    this.binEdge = null
+    this.liveValues = new Float64Array(LIVE_BINS)
+    this.liveTimes = new Float64Array(LIVE_BINS)
+    this.binsSinceLock = 0
+    this.fingerEnergy = new Float64Array(QUANTUM)
+    this.aheadDb = 0
+    this.handover = 0
+    this.forgetTimeline()
 
     this.port.onmessage = ({ data }) => {
       if (typeof data?.enabled === 'boolean') this.enabled = data.enabled
       if (typeof data?.inputGainDb === 'number') this.inputPower = Math.pow(10, data.inputGainDb / 10)
       if (data?.reset === 'seek' || data?.reset === 'source') {
-        this.blocks.fill(-1)
-        this.blockSum = 0
-        this.blockFill = 0
+        this.ring.fill(0)
+        this.ringSum = 0
+        this.ringFill = 0
+        if (this.offset !== null) this.doubt = true
       }
       if (data?.reset === 'source') {
+        this.hist.fill(0)
+        this.histTotal = 0
+        this.reference = 0
         this.desiredDb = 0
-        this.gainDb = 0
+        this.liveGainDb = 0
+        this.minLength = 0
+        this.windowEnergy.fill(0)
+        this.windowSum = 0
+        this.average.fill(0)
+        this.averageSum = 0
+        this.shortEnvelope = 0
+        this.forgetTimeline()
+      }
+      if (typeof data?.media === 'number') this.pair(data)
+      if (data?.analysis !== undefined) {
+        this.analysis?.close()
+        this.blocks.clear()
+        this.search = null
+        this.analysis = data.analysis
+        if (this.analysis) this.analysis.onmessage = ({ data: block }) => this.receive(block)
       }
     }
   }
 
-  closeBlock() {
-    const meanSquare = this.blockSum / this.blockLength / this.inputPower
-    this.blocks[this.blockIndex] = -0.691 + 10 * Math.log10(meanSquare) >= GATE_LUFS ? meanSquare : -1
-    this.blockIndex = (this.blockIndex + 1) % this.blocks.length
-    this.blockSum = 0
-    this.blockFill = 0
+  forgetTimeline() {
+    // reference time = media time + offset, in seconds; null until the audio has been matched
+    this.offset = null
+    this.candidate = null
+    this.search = null
+    this.doubt = false
+    this.model = null
+    this.settling = []
+    this.liveCount = 0
+  }
 
-    let sum = 0
-    let active = 0
-    for (const block of this.blocks) {
-      if (block >= 0) { sum += block; active++ }
+  receive(message) {
+    if (typeof message?.drop === 'number') this.blocks.delete(message.drop)
+    else if (typeof message?.block === 'number') this.blocks.set(message.block, message)
+    this.lastBlock = undefined
+  }
+
+  pair({ media, ctx, rate, paused }) {
+    const frame = ctx * sampleRate
+    const model = this.model
+    if (paused) {
+      this.model = { paused: true, media: model && !model.paused ? this.mediaAt(frame) : media }
+      this.liveCount = 0
+      return
+    }
+    const predicted = model && !model.paused && model.rate === rate ? model.media + (frame - model.frame) * rate / sampleRate : NaN
+    if (!(Math.abs(media - predicted) <= 0.025)) {
+      this.model = { frame, media, rate }
+      this.settling = []
+      this.liveCount = 0
+      this.search = null
+      return
+    }
+    if (this.settling) {
+      this.settling.push(media - predicted)
+      if (this.settling.length === 5) {
+        const sorted = this.settling.sort((a, b) => a - b)
+        model.media += sorted[2]
+        this.settling = null
+        this.liveCount = 0
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  mediaAt(frame) {
+    const m = this.model
+    return m.paused ? m.media : m.media + (frame - m.frame) * m.rate / sampleRate
+  }
+
+  // the block holding bin i, cached, since a quantum reads the same one over and over
+  blockOf(i) {
+    const index = Math.floor(i / BLOCK_BINS)
+    if (this.lastBlock?.block !== index) this.lastBlock = this.blocks.get(index) ?? { block: index }
+    return this.lastBlock
+  }
+
+  gainBin(i) {
+    const block = this.blockOf(i)
+    return block.gain ? block.gain[i - block.block * BLOCK_BINS] : NaN
+  }
+
+  // the cut at reference time t (s), linear between bin centres; NaN where it is not known
+  cutAt(t) {
+    const x = t * BINS_PER_SECOND - 0.5, i = Math.floor(x)
+    const a = this.gainBin(i), b = this.gainBin(i + 1)
+    return a + (b - a) * (x - i)
+  }
+
+  // the deepest cut over [from, to] s; NaN unless it is known at both ends
+  deepest(from, to) {
+    const first = Math.floor(from * BINS_PER_SECOND), last = Math.ceil(to * BINS_PER_SECOND)
+    if (!(this.gainBin(first) <= 0) || !(this.gainBin(last) <= 0)) return NaN
+    let m = 0
+    for (let i = first; i <= last; i++) {
+      const v = this.gainBin(i)
+      if (v < m) m = v
+    }
+    return m
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Starts a search for the offset that best matches the live fingerprint to the analysed one, +-`range` ms around
+   * `center` (s), on a copy of the live bins taken now; `step` scores it a few offsets at a time.
+   */
+  startSearch(center, range) {
+    // the first match looks at 1 s, the ones after at the last 0.5 s, so a stall is put right within about 0.5 s
+    const n = Math.min(this.liveCount, this.offset === null ? 1000 : 500)
+    const values = new Float64Array(n), times = new Float64Array(n)
+    for (let k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+      const at = (this.liveCount - n + k) % LIVE_BINS
+      values[k] = Math.log(this.liveValues[at] + EPSILON)
+      times[k] = this.liveTimes[at]
+    }
+    let mean = 0
+    for (const v of values) mean += v
+    mean /= n
+    let spread = 0
+    for (const v of values) spread += (v - mean) ** 2
+    // nearly steady audio (or silence) says nothing about where it is
+    if (n < 500 || spread / n < 1) return
+    // the analysed fingerprint over every bin the search can reach, copied out of the blocks once
+    const first = Math.floor((times[0] + center) * BINS_PER_SECOND) - range - 2
+    const ref = new Float64Array(Math.ceil((times[n - 1] - times[0]) * BINS_PER_SECOND) + 2 * range + 6)
+    for (let k = 0; k < ref.length; k++) {
+      const block = this.blockOf(first + k)
+      ref[k] = block.finger ? block.finger[first + k - block.block * BLOCK_BINS] : NaN
+    }
+    this.search = { center, range, n, values, times, first, ref, scores: new Float64Array(2 * range + 1), next: 0 }
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Matched on the change from one bin to the next, not the level: the level's slow swings correlate at any nearby
+   * shift (0.94 at 5 ms off on synthetic dialogue, against 0.996 in place), its changes do not.
+   */
+  score(shiftMs) {
+    const { center, n, values, times, first, ref } = this.search
+    let sx = 0, sy = 0, sxx = 0, syy = 0, sxy = 0, m = 0, previous = NaN
+    for (let k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+      const x = (times[k] + center) * BINS_PER_SECOND + shiftMs - 0.5 - first, i = Math.floor(x)
+      const r0 = ref[i], r1 = ref[i + 1]
+      if (!(r0 === r0 && r1 === r1)) { previous = NaN; continue }
+      const y = r0 + (r1 - r0) * (x - i)
+      if (k > 0 && previous === previous) {
+        const v = values[k] - values[k - 1], w = y - previous
+        sx += v; sy += w; sxx += v * v; syy += w * w; sxy += v * w; m++
+      }
+      previous = y
+    }
+    if (m < n / 2) return -1
+    const cov = sxy - sx * sy / m, vx = sxx - sx * sx / m, vy = syy - sy * sy / m
+    return vx > 0 && vy > 0 ? cov / Math.sqrt(vx * vy) : -1
+  }
+
+  step() {
+    const search = this.search
+    const { range, scores } = search
+    for (let k = 0; k < SCORES_PER_QUANTUM / search.n && search.next < scores.length; k++, search.next++) {
+      scores[search.next] = this.score(search.next - range)
+    }
+    if (search.next < scores.length) return
+    this.search = null
+    let best = 0
+    for (let k = 1; k < scores.length; k++) if (scores[k] > scores[best]) best = k
+    let runnerUp = -1
+    for (let k = Math.max(0, best - CLEAR_MS); k <= Math.min(scores.length - 1, best + CLEAR_MS); k++) {
+      if (Math.abs(k - best) > 3 && scores[k] > runnerUp) runnerUp = scores[k]
+    }
+    if (scores[best] < 0.4 || best === 0 || best === scores.length - 1) return
+    const [a, b, c] = [scores[best - 1], scores[best], scores[best + 1]]
+    const fraction = a - 2 * b + c < 0 ? 0.5 * (a - c) / (a - 2 * b + c) : 0
+    this.found(search.center + (best - range + fraction) / BINS_PER_SECOND, scores[best] - runnerUp >= 0.15)
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * A clear match, the best by 0.15 over every offset 3 to 60 ms from it, that moves the offset by more than 2 ms, or
+   * finds it at all, is taken only once the next search, 250 ms later, peaks within 2 ms of it, clear or not: voiced
+   * dialogue repeats with its pitch, so a peak a pitch period off can come out ahead, and a FLAC run once matched 45 ms
+   * off with every check passed. Over the whole 250 ms either way an Opus file's matches were never that clear (HOR-498
+   * build, 2026-10-17).
+   */
+  found(offset, clear) {
+    const near = (other) => other !== null && Math.abs(offset - other) <= 0.002
+    if (near(this.candidate)) {
+      this.offset = offset
+      this.doubt = false
+      this.candidate = null
+    } else if (clear) {
+      if (!this.doubt && near(this.offset)) this.offset = offset
+      else this.candidate = offset
+    }
+  }
+
+  // the live stage's learned level, from 400 ms readings
+  learn(level) {
+    if (!(level >= LEARN_GATE_LUFS)) return
+    const bin = Math.max(0, Math.min(HIST_BINS - 1, Math.floor((level - HIST_MIN) / HIST_STEP)))
+    this.hist[bin]++
+    this.histTotal++
+    if (this.histTotal < LIVE.minBlocks) return
+    const wanted = 0.5 * this.histTotal
+    let seen = 0
+    for (let i = 0; i < HIST_BINS; i++) {
+      seen += this.hist[i]
+      if (seen >= wanted) {
+        this.reference = Math.max(LIVE.floor, Math.min(0, HIST_MIN + (i + 0.5) * HIST_STEP))
+        return
+      }
     }
-    // fewer than three blocks with anything in them is a pause, and the gain holds where it is
-    if (active < 3) return
-    const level = -0.691 + 10 * Math.log10(sum / active)
-    this.desiredDb = Math.max(-MAX_CUT_DB, Math.min(0, this.target - level))
   }
 
   process(inputs, outputs) {
@@ -107,56 +1091,184 @@ class VolumeNormalizer extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
     const output = outputs[0]
     const frames = output[0].length
     const channels = input.length
+    // the context's frame, never a count of process() calls: Chrome left out 0 to 2560 frames of calls while the
+    // page built its graph (29 loads, headless Chrome 155), and a count put the timeline that far behind the clock
+    // pairs; past about 3000 frames the first match cannot find the offset at all (HOR-498 review, 2026-10-16)
+    const start = currentFrame
+    this.binEdge ??= start + this.binFrames
     if (channels === 0) {
       for (const channel of output) channel.fill(0)
       return true
     }
+    if (this.sampleEnergy.length < frames) {
+      this.sampleEnergy = new Float64Array(frames)
+      this.fingerEnergy = new Float64Array(frames)
+    }
 
-    if (this.energy.length < frames) this.energy = new Float32Array(frames)
-    const energy = this.energy
-    energy.fill(0, 0, frames)
     const [b0, b1, b2, a1, a2] = this.coefficients.shelf
     const [c0, c1, c2, d1, d2] = this.coefficients.highpass
+    const [h0, h1, h2, g1, g2] = this.fingerFilter
+    const sampleEnergy = this.sampleEnergy, fingerEnergy = this.fingerEnergy
+    sampleEnergy.fill(0, 0, frames)
+    fingerEnergy.fill(0, 0, frames)
+    let quantumEnergy = 0
     for (let c = 0; c < channels; c++) {
       const weight = channelWeight(c, channels)
-      if (!this.filterState[c]) this.filterState[c] = new Float64Array(4)
-      if (weight === 0) continue
-      const state = this.filterState[c]
-      let s1 = state[0], s2 = state[1], t1 = state[2], t2 = state[3]
+      const state = this.filterState[c] ??= new Float64Array(4)
+      const finger = this.fingerState[c] ??= new Float64Array(2)
+      let s1 = state[0], s2 = state[1], t1 = state[2], t2 = state[3], u1 = finger[0], u2 = finger[1]
       const x = input[c]
       for (let i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
         const v = x[i]
-        const y = b0 * v + s1
-        s1 = b1 * v - a1 * y + s2
-        s2 = b2 * v - a2 * y
-        const z = c0 * y + t1
-        t1 = c1 * y - d1 * z + t2
-        t2 = c2 * y - d2 * z
-        energy[i] += weight * z * z
+        if (weight) {
+          const y = b0 * v + s1
+          s1 = b1 * v - a1 * y + s2
+          s2 = b2 * v - a2 * y
+          const z = c0 * y + t1
+          t1 = c1 * y - d1 * z + t2
+          t2 = c2 * y - d2 * z
+          quantumEnergy += weight * z * z
+          sampleEnergy[i] += weight * z * z
+        }
+        const q = h0 * v + u1
+        u1 = h1 * v - g1 * q + u2
+        u2 = h2 * v - g2 * q
+        fingerEnergy[i] += q * q
       }
-      state[0] = s1; state[1] = s2; state[2] = t1; state[3] = t2
-    }
-    for (let i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
-      this.blockSum += energy[i]
-      if (++this.blockFill === this.blockLength) this.closeBlock()
+      state[0] = s1; state[1] = s2; state[2] = t1; state[3] = t2; finger[0] = u1; finger[1] = u2
     }
 
+    this.ringSum += quantumEnergy - this.ring[this.ringIndex]
+    this.ring[this.ringIndex] = quantumEnergy
+    this.ringIndex = (this.ringIndex + 1) % this.ring.length
+    if (this.ringFill < this.ring.length) this.ringFill++
+    // float drift from the running sum
+    if (this.ringIndex === 0) this.ringSum = this.ring.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0)
+    const level = this.ringFill < this.ring.length ? -Infinity : -0.691 + 10 * Math.log10(this.ringSum / (this.ring.length * QUANTUM) / this.inputPower)
+    this.blockEnergy += quantumEnergy
+    if (++this.quantaInBlock === this.blockQuanta) {
+      this.quantaInBlock = 0
+      this.lastBlocks[this.lastBlockIndex] = this.blockEnergy / (this.blockQuanta * QUANTUM)
+      this.lastBlockIndex = (this.lastBlockIndex + 1) % 4
+      this.blockEnergy = 0
+      const lb = this.lastBlocks
+      this.learn(-0.691 + 10 * Math.log10((lb[0] + lb[1] + lb[2] + lb[3]) / 4 / this.inputPower))
+    }
+    // below the gate (a pause) the gain holds
+    if (level >= LEARN_GATE_LUFS) {
+      this.desiredDb = Math.max(-LIVE.maxCut, Math.min(0, this.reference + LIVE.headroom - level))
+    }
     const seconds = frames / sampleRate
-    const tau = this.desiredDb < this.gainDb ? ATTACK_SECONDS : RELEASE_SECONDS
-    this.gainDb += (this.desiredDb - this.gainDb) * (1 - Math.exp(-seconds / tau))
-    const crossfade = seconds / 0.05
-    this.mix += Math.max(-crossfade, Math.min(crossfade, (this.enabled ? 1 : 0) - this.mix))
+    const tau = this.desiredDb < this.liveGainDb ? LIVE.attack : LIVE.release
+    this.liveGainDb += (this.desiredDb - this.liveGainDb) * (1 - Math.exp(-seconds / tau))
     const from = this.appliedGain
-    const to = Math.pow(10, this.gainDb * this.mix / 20)
+    const to = Math.pow(10, this.liveGainDb / 20)
     this.appliedGain = to
     const step = (to - from) / frames
-    for (let c = 0; c < output.length; c++) {
-      const x = input[c] ?? input[0]
-      const y = output[c]
-      for (let i = 0; i < frames; i++) y[i] = x[i] * (from + step * (i + 1))
+
+    // the live fingerprint, 1 ms bins of context time, each stamped with the media time at its centre
+    const model = this.model
+    const live = model && !model.paused && this.settling === null && model.rate === 1
+    for (let i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
+      this.binSum += fingerEnergy[i]
+      this.binFill++
+      if (start + i + 1 >= this.binEdge) {
+        if (live) {
+          const k = this.liveCount++ % LIVE_BINS
+          this.liveValues[k] = this.binSum / this.binFill
+          this.liveTimes[k] = this.mediaAt(start + i + 1 - this.binFill / 2)
+          this.binsSinceLock++
+        }
+        this.binSum = 0
+        this.binFill = 0
+        this.binEdge += this.binFrames
+      }
+    }
+    if (this.search) this.step()
+    else if (live && this.blocks.size && this.binsSinceLock >= 250 && (this.offset !== null || this.liveCount >= 1000)) {
+      this.binsSinceLock = 0
+      this.startSearch(this.offset ?? 0, this.offset === null || this.doubt ? LOCK_RANGE_MS : RELOCK_RANGE_MS)
+    }
+
+    // the ahead stage for this quantum's output, which left the input `delay` frames ago: exact at normal speed
+    // once matched, otherwise the deepest cut within the doubt
+    let exact = false, held = NaN
+    if (this.offset !== null && model) {
+      const m0 = this.mediaAt(start - this.delay) + this.offset, m1 = this.mediaAt(start + frames - this.delay) + this.offset
+      if (!this.doubt && this.settling === null && (model.paused || model.rate === 1)) {
+        exact = this.cutAt(m0) <= 0 && this.cutAt(m1) <= 0
+      } else {
+        const slack = this.doubt ? DOUBT_MS / BINS_PER_SECOND : model.rate === 1 ? 0.01 : 0.03
+        held = this.deepest(Math.min(m0, m1) - slack, Math.max(m0, m1) + slack)
+      }
+    }
+    const ahead = exact || held <= 0
+
+    const delay = this.delay
+    const size = this.minValues.length
+    const window = this.windowEnergy.length
+    // the 10 ms window's energy sum at the ceiling
+    const limit = window * this.inputPower * Math.pow(10, (this.reference + LIVE.shortCeiling + 0.691) / 10)
+    for (let c = 0; c < output.length; c++) this.audioLines[c] ??= new Float32Array(delay)
+    const handoverStep = 1 / (HANDOVER_SECONDS * sampleRate)
+    const crossfadeStep = 1 / (CROSSFADE_SECONDS * sampleRate)
+    const target = this.enabled ? 1 : 0
+    for (let i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
+      const gain = from + step * (i + 1)
+      // the live stage's 10 ms detector on the 100 ms stage's output: the gain moves slowly enough to apply after
+      // the filter
+      const energy = sampleEnergy[i] * gain * gain
+      this.windowSum += energy - this.windowEnergy[this.windowIndex]
+      this.windowEnergy[this.windowIndex] = energy
+      this.windowIndex = (this.windowIndex + 1) % window
+      if (this.windowIndex === 0) this.windowSum = this.windowEnergy.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0)
+      const wanted = this.windowSum > limit ? 10 * Math.log10(limit / this.windowSum) : 0
+      const time = this.shortTime++
+      while (this.minLength > 0 && this.minValues[(this.minHead + this.minLength - 1) % size] >= wanted) this.minLength--
+      const tail = (this.minHead + this.minLength) % size
+      this.minValues[tail] = wanted
+      this.minTimes[tail] = time
+      this.minLength++
+      while (this.minTimes[this.minHead] <= time - this.shortSpan) {
+        this.minHead = (this.minHead + 1) % size
+        this.minLength--
+      }
+      const lowest = this.minValues[this.minHead]
+      this.shortEnvelope = lowest < this.shortEnvelope ? lowest : this.shortEnvelope + (lowest - this.shortEnvelope) * this.shortRelease
+      this.averageSum += this.shortEnvelope - this.average[this.averageIndex]
+      this.average[this.averageIndex] = this.shortEnvelope
+      this.averageIndex = (this.averageIndex + 1) % this.shortSpan
+      if (this.averageIndex === 0) this.averageSum = this.average.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0)
+
+      const at = this.lineIndex
+      const liveDb = 20 * Math.log10(this.gainLine[at]) + Math.max(-LIVE.maxCut, Math.min(0, this.averageSum / this.shortSpan))
+      this.gainLine[at] = gain
+
+      if (ahead) {
+        // at most 0.2 dB a sample, so a change of mode cannot click; the cut itself moves slower
+        let wantedDb = exact ? this.cutAt(this.mediaAt(start + i - delay) + this.offset) : held
+        if (!(wantedDb <= 0)) wantedDb = this.aheadDb
+        if (wantedDb > this.aheadDb + 0.2) wantedDb = this.aheadDb + 0.2
+        else if (wantedDb < this.aheadDb - 0.2) wantedDb = this.aheadDb - 0.2
+        this.aheadDb = wantedDb
+        this.handover = Math.min(1, this.handover + handoverStep)
+      } else {
+        this.handover = Math.max(0, this.handover - handoverStep)
+        if (this.handover === 0) this.aheadDb = liveDb
+      }
+      this.mix += Math.max(-crossfadeStep, Math.min(crossfadeStep, target - this.mix))
+      const db = (liveDb + (this.aheadDb - liveDb) * this.handover) * this.mix
+      const scale = db < 0 ? Math.pow(10, db / 20) : 1
+      for (let c = 0; c < output.length; c++) {
+        const line = this.audioLines[c]
+        output[c][i] = line[at] * scale
+        line[at] = (input[c] ?? input[0])[i]
+      }
+      this.lineIndex = (at + 1) % delay
     }
     return true
   }
 }
 
-registerProcessor('banou-volume-normalizer', VolumeNormalizer)
+if (typeof registerProcessor === 'function') registerProcessor('banou-volume-normalizer', defineProcessor())
+else if (typeof WorkerGlobalScope === 'function' && globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope) serve(globalThis)