@backstage/backend-app-api 0.5.3-next.1 → 0.5.3-next.3

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,46 @@
 # @backstage/backend-app-api
 
+## 0.5.3-next.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- 154632d8753b: Add support for discovering additional service factories during startup.
+- cb7fc410ed99: The experimental backend feature discovery now only considers default exports from packages. It no longer filters packages to include based on the package role, except that `'cli'` packages are ignored. However, the `"backstage"` field is still required in `package.json`.
+- 3b30b179cb38: Add support for installing features as package imports, for example `backend.add(import('my-plugin'))`.
+- Updated dependencies
+  - @backstage/config@1.1.0-next.2
+  - @backstage/errors@1.2.2-next.0
+  - @backstage/types@1.1.1-next.0
+  - @backstage/plugin-permission-node@0.7.14-next.3
+  - @backstage/backend-plugin-api@0.6.3-next.3
+  - @backstage/backend-common@0.19.5-next.3
+  - @backstage/backend-tasks@0.5.8-next.3
+  - @backstage/cli-common@0.1.12
+  - @backstage/cli-node@0.1.4-next.0
+  - @backstage/config-loader@1.5.0-next.3
+  - @backstage/plugin-auth-node@0.3.0-next.3
+
+## 0.5.3-next.2
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- 37a20c7f14aa: Adds include and exclude configuration to feature discovery of backend packages
+  Adds alpha modules to feature discovery
+- 3fc64b9e2f8f: Extension points are now tracked via their ID rather than reference, in order to support package duplication.
+- b219d097b3f4: Backend startup will now fail if any circular service dependencies are detected.
+- Updated dependencies
+  - @backstage/config-loader@1.5.0-next.2
+  - @backstage/config@1.1.0-next.1
+  - @backstage/backend-tasks@0.5.8-next.2
+  - @backstage/backend-common@0.19.5-next.2
+  - @backstage/plugin-auth-node@0.3.0-next.2
+  - @backstage/plugin-permission-node@0.7.14-next.2
+  - @backstage/backend-plugin-api@0.6.3-next.2
+  - @backstage/cli-common@0.1.12
+  - @backstage/cli-node@0.1.3
+  - @backstage/errors@1.2.1
+  - @backstage/types@1.1.0
+
 ## 0.5.3-next.1
 
 ### Patch Changes

package/alpha/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@backstage/backend-app-api",
-  "version": "0.5.3-next.1",
+  "version": "0.5.3-next.3",
   "main": "../dist/alpha.cjs.js",
   "types": "../dist/alpha.d.ts"
 }

package/dist/alpha.cjs.js

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ function _interopDefaultLegacy (e) { return e && typeof e === 'object' && 'defau
 
 var fs__default = /*#__PURE__*/_interopDefaultLegacy(fs);
 
-const LOADED_PACKAGE_ROLES = ["backend-plugin", "backend-module"];
 async function findClosestPackageDir(searchDir) {
   let path$1 = searchDir;
   for (let i = 0; i < 1e3; i++) {
@@ -31,38 +30,67 @@ async function findClosestPackageDir(searchDir) {
   );
 }
 class PackageDiscoveryService {
-  constructor(config) {
+  constructor(config, logger) {
     this.config = config;
+    this.logger = logger;
+  }
+  getDependencyNames(path) {
+    const { dependencies } = require(path);
+    const packagesConfig = this.config.getOptional("backend.packages");
+    const dependencyNames = Object.keys(dependencies || {});
+    if (packagesConfig === "all") {
+      return dependencyNames;
+    }
+    const includedPackagesConfig = this.config.getOptionalStringArray(
+      "backend.packages.include"
+    );
+    const includedPackages = includedPackagesConfig ? new Set(includedPackagesConfig) : dependencyNames;
+    const excludedPackagesSet = new Set(
+      this.config.getOptionalStringArray("backend.packages.exclude")
+    );
+    return [...includedPackages].filter((name) => !excludedPackagesSet.has(name));
   }
   async getBackendFeatures() {
-    var _a, _b;
-    if (this.config.getOptionalString("backend.packages") !== "all") {
+    var _a;
+    const packagesConfig = this.config.getOptional("backend.packages");
+    if (!packagesConfig || Object.keys(packagesConfig).length === 0) {
       return { features: [] };
     }
     const packageDir = await findClosestPackageDir(process.argv[1]);
     if (!packageDir) {
       throw new Error("Package discovery failed to find package.json");
     }
-    const { dependencies } = require(path.resolve(
-      packageDir,
-      "package.json"
-    ));
-    const dependencyNames = Object.keys(dependencies || {});
+    const dependencyNames = this.getDependencyNames(
+      path.resolve(packageDir, "package.json")
+    );
     const features = [];
     for (const name of dependencyNames) {
       const depPkg = require(require.resolve(`${name}/package.json`, {
         paths: [packageDir]
       }));
-      if (!LOADED_PACKAGE_ROLES.includes((_b = (_a = depPkg == null ? void 0 : depPkg.backstage) == null ? void 0 : _a.role) != null ? _b : "")) {
+      if (!(depPkg == null ? void 0 : depPkg.backstage) || ((_a = depPkg == null ? void 0 : depPkg.backstage) == null ? void 0 : _a.role) === "cli") {
         continue;
       }
-      const depModule = require(require.resolve(name, { paths: [packageDir] }));
-      for (const exportValue of Object.values(depModule)) {
-        if (isBackendFeature(exportValue)) {
-          features.push(exportValue);
+      const exportedModulePaths = [
+        require.resolve(name, {
+          paths: [packageDir]
+        })
+      ];
+      try {
+        exportedModulePaths.push(
+          require.resolve(`${name}/alpha`, { paths: [packageDir] })
+        );
+      } catch {
+      }
+      for (const modulePath of exportedModulePaths) {
+        const mod = require(modulePath);
+        if (isBackendFeature(mod.default)) {
+          this.logger.info(`Detected: ${name}`);
+          features.push(mod.default);
         }
-        if (isBackendFeatureFactory(exportValue)) {
-          features.push(exportValue());
+        if (isBackendFeatureFactory(mod.default)) {
+          this.logger.info(`Detected: ${name}`);
+          features.push(mod.default());
         }
       }
     }
@@ -72,10 +100,11 @@ class PackageDiscoveryService {
 const featureDiscoveryServiceFactory = backendPluginApi.createServiceFactory({
   service: alpha.featureDiscoveryServiceRef,
   deps: {
-    config: backendPluginApi.coreServices.rootConfig
+    config: backendPluginApi.coreServices.rootConfig,
+    logger: backendPluginApi.coreServices.rootLogger
   },
-  factory({ config }) {
-    return new PackageDiscoveryService(config);
+  factory({ config, logger }) {
+    return new PackageDiscoveryService(config, logger);
   }
 });
 function isBackendFeature(value) {

package/dist/alpha.cjs.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"alpha.cjs.js","sources":["../src/alpha/featureDiscoveryServiceFactory.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/*\n * Copyright 2023 The Backstage Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nimport {\n  BackendFeature,\n  RootConfigService,\n  RootLoggerService,\n  coreServices,\n  createServiceFactory,\n} from '@backstage/backend-plugin-api';\nimport {\n  featureDiscoveryServiceRef,\n  FeatureDiscoveryService,\n} from '@backstage/backend-plugin-api/alpha';\nimport { resolve as resolvePath, dirname } from 'path';\nimport fs from 'fs-extra';\nimport { BackstagePackageJson } from '@backstage/cli-node';\n\n/** @internal */\nasync function findClosestPackageDir(\n  searchDir: string,\n): Promise<string | undefined> {\n  let path = searchDir;\n\n  // Some confidence check to avoid infinite loop\n  for (let i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {\n    const packagePath = resolvePath(path, 'package.json');\n    const exists = await fs.pathExists(packagePath);\n    if (exists) {\n      return path;\n    }\n\n    const newPath = dirname(path);\n    if (newPath === path) {\n      return undefined;\n    }\n    path = newPath;\n  }\n\n  throw new Error(\n    `Iteration limit reached when searching for root package.json at ${searchDir}`,\n  );\n}\n\n/** @internal */\nclass PackageDiscoveryService implements FeatureDiscoveryService {\n  constructor(\n    private readonly config: RootConfigService,\n    private readonly logger: RootLoggerService,\n  ) {}\n\n  getDependencyNames(path: string) {\n    const { dependencies } = require(path) as BackstagePackageJson;\n    const packagesConfig = this.config.getOptional('backend.packages');\n\n    const dependencyNames = Object.keys(dependencies || {});\n\n    if (packagesConfig === 'all') {\n      return dependencyNames;\n    }\n\n    const includedPackagesConfig = this.config.getOptionalStringArray(\n      'backend.packages.include',\n    );\n\n    const includedPackages = includedPackagesConfig\n      ? new Set(includedPackagesConfig)\n      : dependencyNames;\n    const excludedPackagesSet = new Set(\n      this.config.getOptionalStringArray('backend.packages.exclude'),\n    );\n\n    return [...includedPackages].filter(name => !excludedPackagesSet.has(name));\n  }\n\n  async getBackendFeatures(): Promise<{ features: Array<BackendFeature> }> {\n    const packagesConfig = this.config.getOptional('backend.packages');\n    if (!packagesConfig || Object.keys(packagesConfig).length === 0) {\n      return { features: [] };\n    }\n\n    const packageDir = await findClosestPackageDir(process.argv[1]);\n    if (!packageDir) {\n      throw new Error('Package discovery failed to find package.json');\n    }\n    const dependencyNames = this.getDependencyNames(\n      resolvePath(packageDir, 'package.json'),\n    );\n\n    const features: BackendFeature[] = [];\n\n    for (const name of dependencyNames) {\n      const depPkg = require(require.resolve(`${name}/package.json`, {\n        paths: [packageDir],\n      })) as BackstagePackageJson;\n      if (!depPkg?.backstage || depPkg?.backstage?.role === 'cli') {\n        continue; // Not a backstage package, ignore\n      }\n\n      const exportedModulePaths = [\n        require.resolve(name, {\n          paths: [packageDir],\n        }),\n      ];\n\n      // Find modules exported as alpha\n      try {\n        exportedModulePaths.push(\n          require.resolve(`${name}/alpha`, { paths: [packageDir] }),\n        );\n      } catch {\n        /* ignore */\n      }\n\n      for (const modulePath of exportedModulePaths) {\n        const mod = require(modulePath);\n\n        if (isBackendFeature(mod.default)) {\n          this.logger.info(`Detected: ${name}`);\n          features.push(mod.default);\n        }\n        if (isBackendFeatureFactory(mod.default)) {\n          this.logger.info(`Detected: ${name}`);\n          features.push(mod.default());\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    return { features };\n  }\n}\n\n/** @alpha */\nexport const featureDiscoveryServiceFactory = createServiceFactory({\n  service: featureDiscoveryServiceRef,\n  deps: {\n    config: coreServices.rootConfig,\n    logger: coreServices.rootLogger,\n  },\n  factory({ config, logger }) {\n    return new PackageDiscoveryService(config, logger);\n  },\n});\n\nfunction isBackendFeature(value: unknown): value is BackendFeature {\n  return (\n    !!value &&\n    typeof value === 'object' &&\n    (value as BackendFeature).$$type === '@backstage/BackendFeature'\n  );\n}\n\nfunction isBackendFeatureFactory(\n  value: unknown,\n): value is () => BackendFeature {\n  return (\n    !!value &&\n    typeof value === 'function' &&\n    (value as any).$$type === '@backstage/BackendFeatureFactory'\n  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package/dist/index.cjs.js

@@ -1093,7 +1093,11 @@ var __privateSet$4 = (obj, member, value, setter) => {
   setter ? setter.call(obj, value) : member.set(obj, value);
   return value;
 };
-var _nodes, _allProvided;
+var __privateMethod$3 = (obj, member, method) => {
+  __accessCheck$4(obj, member, "access private method");
+  return method;
+};
+var _nodeIds, _cycleKeys, _getCycleKey, getCycleKey_fn, _nodes, _allProvided;
 class Node {
   constructor(value, consumes, provides) {
     this.value = value;
@@ -1108,6 +1112,33 @@ class Node {
     );
   }
 }
+const _CycleKeySet = class _CycleKeySet {
+  constructor(nodes) {
+    __privateAdd$4(this, _getCycleKey);
+    __privateAdd$4(this, _nodeIds, void 0);
+    __privateAdd$4(this, _cycleKeys, void 0);
+    __privateSet$4(this, _nodeIds, new Map(nodes.map((n, i) => [n.value, i])));
+    __privateSet$4(this, _cycleKeys, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set());
+  }
+  static from(nodes) {
+    return new _CycleKeySet(nodes);
+  }
+  tryAdd(path) {
+    const cycleKey = __privateMethod$3(this, _getCycleKey, getCycleKey_fn).call(this, path);
+    if (__privateGet$4(this, _cycleKeys).has(cycleKey)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    __privateGet$4(this, _cycleKeys).add(cycleKey);
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+_nodeIds = new WeakMap();
+_cycleKeys = new WeakMap();
+_getCycleKey = new WeakSet();
+getCycleKey_fn = function(path) {
+  return path.map((n) => __privateGet$4(this, _nodeIds).get(n)).sort().join(",");
+};
+let CycleKeySet = _CycleKeySet;
 const _DependencyGraph = class _DependencyGraph {
   constructor(nodes) {
     __privateAdd$4(this, _nodes, void 0);
@@ -1135,7 +1166,9 @@ const _DependencyGraph = class _DependencyGraph {
     }
     return new _DependencyGraph(nodes);
   }
-  // Find all nodes that consume dependencies that are not provided by any other node
+  /**
+   * Find all nodes that consume dependencies that are not provided by any other node.
+   */
   findUnsatisfiedDeps() {
     const unsatisfiedDependencies = [];
     for (const node of __privateGet$4(this, _nodes).values()) {
@@ -1148,9 +1181,19 @@ const _DependencyGraph = class _DependencyGraph {
     }
     return unsatisfiedDependencies;
   }
-  // Detect circular dependencies within the graph, returning the path of nodes that
-  // form a cycle, with the same node as the first and last element of the array.
+  /**
+   * Detect the first circular dependency within the graph, returning the path of nodes that
+   * form a cycle, with the same node as the first and last element of the array.
+   */
   detectCircularDependency() {
+    return this.detectCircularDependencies().next().value;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Detect circular dependencies within the graph, returning the path of nodes that
+   * form a cycle, with the same node as the first and last element of the array.
+   */
+  *detectCircularDependencies() {
+    const cycleKeys = CycleKeySet.from(__privateGet$4(this, _nodes));
     for (const startNode of __privateGet$4(this, _nodes)) {
       const visited = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
       const stack = new Array([
@@ -1163,16 +1206,19 @@ const _DependencyGraph = class _DependencyGraph {
           continue;
         }
         visited.add(node);
-        for (const produced of node.provides) {
-          const consumerNodes = __privateGet$4(this, _nodes).filter(
-            (other) => other.consumes.has(produced)
+        for (const consumed of node.consumes) {
+          const providerNodes = __privateGet$4(this, _nodes).filter(
+            (other) => other.provides.has(consumed)
           );
-          for (const consumer of consumerNodes) {
-            if (consumer === startNode) {
-              return [...path, startNode.value];
+          for (const provider of providerNodes) {
+            if (provider === startNode) {
+              if (cycleKeys.tryAdd(path)) {
+                yield [...path, startNode.value];
+              }
+              break;
             }
-            if (!visited.has(consumer)) {
-              stack.push([consumer, [...path, consumer.value]]);
+            if (!visited.has(provider)) {
+              stack.push([provider, [...path, provider.value]]);
             }
           }
         }
@@ -1260,7 +1306,7 @@ var __privateMethod$2 = (obj, member, method) => {
   __accessCheck$3(obj, member, "access private method");
   return method;
 };
-var _providedFactories, _loadedDefaultFactories, _implementations, _rootServiceImplementations, _resolveFactory, resolveFactory_fn, _checkForMissingDeps, checkForMissingDeps_fn;
+var _providedFactories, _loadedDefaultFactories, _implementations, _rootServiceImplementations, _addedFactoryIds, _instantiatedFactories, _resolveFactory, resolveFactory_fn, _checkForMissingDeps, checkForMissingDeps_fn;
 function toInternalServiceFactory(factory) {
   const f = factory;
   if (f.$$type !== "@backstage/BackendFeature") {
@@ -1278,7 +1324,7 @@ const pluginMetadataServiceFactory = backendPluginApi.createServiceFactory(
     factory: async () => ({ getId: () => options == null ? void 0 : options.pluginId })
   })
 );
-class ServiceRegistry {
+const _ServiceRegistry = class _ServiceRegistry {
   constructor(factories) {
     __privateAdd$3(this, _resolveFactory);
     __privateAdd$3(this, _checkForMissingDeps);
@@ -1286,17 +1332,62 @@ class ServiceRegistry {
     __privateAdd$3(this, _loadedDefaultFactories, void 0);
     __privateAdd$3(this, _implementations, void 0);
     __privateAdd$3(this, _rootServiceImplementations, /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
+    __privateAdd$3(this, _addedFactoryIds, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set());
+    __privateAdd$3(this, _instantiatedFactories, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set());
     __privateSet$3(this, _providedFactories, new Map(
       factories.map((sf) => [sf.service.id, toInternalServiceFactory(sf)])
     ));
     __privateSet$3(this, _loadedDefaultFactories, /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
     __privateSet$3(this, _implementations, /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
   }
+  static create(factories) {
+    const registry = new _ServiceRegistry(factories);
+    registry.checkForCircularDeps();
+    return registry;
+  }
+  checkForCircularDeps() {
+    const graph = DependencyGraph.fromIterable(
+      Array.from(__privateGet$3(this, _providedFactories)).map(
+        ([serviceId, serviceFactory]) => ({
+          value: serviceId,
+          provides: [serviceId],
+          consumes: Object.values(serviceFactory.deps).map((d) => d.id)
+        })
+      )
+    );
+    const circularDependencies = Array.from(graph.detectCircularDependencies());
+    if (circularDependencies.length) {
+      const cycles = circularDependencies.map((c) => c.map((id) => `'${id}'`).join(" -> ")).join("\n  ");
+      throw new errors.ConflictError(`Circular dependencies detected:
+  ${cycles}`);
+    }
+  }
+  add(factory) {
+    const factoryId = factory.service.id;
+    if (factoryId === backendPluginApi.coreServices.pluginMetadata.id) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `The ${backendPluginApi.coreServices.pluginMetadata.id} service cannot be overridden`
+      );
+    }
+    if (__privateGet$3(this, _addedFactoryIds).has(factoryId)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Duplicate service implementations provided for ${factoryId}`
+      );
+    }
+    if (__privateGet$3(this, _instantiatedFactories).has(factoryId)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Unable to set service factory with id ${factoryId}, service has already been instantiated`
+      );
+    }
+    __privateGet$3(this, _addedFactoryIds).add(factoryId);
+    __privateGet$3(this, _providedFactories).set(factoryId, toInternalServiceFactory(factory));
+  }
   getServiceRefs() {
     return Array.from(__privateGet$3(this, _providedFactories).values()).map((f) => f.service);
   }
   get(ref, pluginId) {
     var _a;
+    __privateGet$3(this, _instantiatedFactories).add(ref.id);
     return (_a = __privateMethod$2(this, _resolveFactory, resolveFactory_fn).call(this, ref, pluginId)) == null ? void 0 : _a.then((factory) => {
       if (factory.service.scope === "root") {
         let existing = __privateGet$3(this, _rootServiceImplementations).get(factory);
@@ -1367,11 +1458,13 @@ class ServiceRegistry {
       return result;
     });
   }
-}
+};
 _providedFactories = new WeakMap();
 _loadedDefaultFactories = new WeakMap();
 _implementations = new WeakMap();
 _rootServiceImplementations = new WeakMap();
+_addedFactoryIds = new WeakMap();
+_instantiatedFactories = new WeakMap();
 _resolveFactory = new WeakSet();
 resolveFactory_fn = function(ref, pluginId) {
   if (ref.id === backendPluginApi.coreServices.pluginMetadata.id) {
@@ -1420,6 +1513,7 @@ checkForMissingDeps_fn = function(factory, pluginId) {
     );
   }
 };
+let ServiceRegistry = _ServiceRegistry;
 
 var __accessCheck$2 = (obj, member, msg) => {
   if (!member.has(obj))
@@ -1443,7 +1537,7 @@ var __privateMethod$1 = (obj, member, method) => {
   __accessCheck$2(obj, member, "access private method");
   return method;
 };
-var _startPromise, _features, _extensionPoints, _serviceHolder, _providedServiceFactories, _defaultApiFactories, _getInitDeps, getInitDeps_fn, _addFeature, addFeature_fn, _doStart, doStart_fn, _getRootLifecycleImpl, getRootLifecycleImpl_fn, _getPluginLifecycleImpl, getPluginLifecycleImpl_fn;
+var _startPromise, _features, _extensionPoints, _serviceRegistry, _registeredFeatures, _getInitDeps, getInitDeps_fn, _addFeature, addFeature_fn, _doStart, doStart_fn, _getRootLifecycleImpl, getRootLifecycleImpl_fn, _getPluginLifecycleImpl, getPluginLifecycleImpl_fn;
 class BackendInitializer {
   constructor(defaultApiFactories) {
     __privateAdd$2(this, _getInitDeps);
@@ -1455,16 +1549,15 @@ class BackendInitializer {
     __privateAdd$2(this, _startPromise, void 0);
     __privateAdd$2(this, _features, new Array());
     __privateAdd$2(this, _extensionPoints, /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
-    __privateAdd$2(this, _serviceHolder, void 0);
-    __privateAdd$2(this, _providedServiceFactories, new Array());
-    __privateAdd$2(this, _defaultApiFactories, void 0);
-    __privateSet$2(this, _defaultApiFactories, defaultApiFactories);
+    __privateAdd$2(this, _serviceRegistry, void 0);
+    __privateAdd$2(this, _registeredFeatures, new Array());
+    __privateSet$2(this, _serviceRegistry, ServiceRegistry.create([...defaultApiFactories]));
   }
   add(feature) {
     if (__privateGet$2(this, _startPromise)) {
       throw new Error("feature can not be added after the backend has started");
     }
-    __privateMethod$1(this, _addFeature, addFeature_fn).call(this, feature);
+    __privateGet$2(this, _registeredFeatures).push(Promise.resolve(feature));
   }
   async start() {
     if (__privateGet$2(this, _startPromise)) {
@@ -1503,15 +1596,14 @@ class BackendInitializer {
 _startPromise = new WeakMap();
 _features = new WeakMap();
 _extensionPoints = new WeakMap();
-_serviceHolder = new WeakMap();
-_providedServiceFactories = new WeakMap();
-_defaultApiFactories = new WeakMap();
+_serviceRegistry = new WeakMap();
+_registeredFeatures = new WeakMap();
 _getInitDeps = new WeakSet();
 getInitDeps_fn = async function(deps, pluginId) {
   const result = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
   const missingRefs = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
   for (const [name, ref] of Object.entries(deps)) {
-    const ep = __privateGet$2(this, _extensionPoints).get(ref);
+    const ep = __privateGet$2(this, _extensionPoints).get(ref.id);
     if (ep) {
       if (ep.pluginId !== pluginId) {
         throw new Error(
@@ -1520,7 +1612,7 @@ getInitDeps_fn = async function(deps, pluginId) {
       }
       result.set(name, ep.impl);
     } else {
-      const impl = await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceHolder).get(
+      const impl = await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceRegistry).get(
         ref,
         pluginId
       );
@@ -1547,19 +1639,7 @@ addFeature_fn = function(feature) {
     );
   }
   if (isServiceFactory(feature)) {
-    if (feature.service.id === backendPluginApi.coreServices.pluginMetadata.id) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `The ${backendPluginApi.coreServices.pluginMetadata.id} service cannot be overridden`
-      );
-    }
-    if (__privateGet$2(this, _providedServiceFactories).find(
-      (sf) => sf.service.id === feature.service.id
-    )) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Duplicate service implementations provided for ${feature.service.id}`
-      );
-    }
-    __privateGet$2(this, _providedServiceFactories).push(feature);
+    __privateGet$2(this, _serviceRegistry).add(feature);
   } else if (isInternalBackendFeature(feature)) {
     if (feature.version !== "v1") {
       throw new Error(
@@ -1575,11 +1655,11 @@ addFeature_fn = function(feature) {
 };
 _doStart = new WeakSet();
 doStart_fn = async function() {
-  __privateSet$2(this, _serviceHolder, new ServiceRegistry([
-    ...__privateGet$2(this, _defaultApiFactories),
-    ...__privateGet$2(this, _providedServiceFactories)
-  ]));
-  const featureDiscovery = await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceHolder).get(
+  __privateGet$2(this, _serviceRegistry).checkForCircularDeps();
+  for (const feature of __privateGet$2(this, _registeredFeatures)) {
+    __privateMethod$1(this, _addFeature, addFeature_fn).call(this, await feature);
+  }
+  const featureDiscovery = await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceRegistry).get(
     alpha.featureDiscoveryServiceRef,
     "root"
   );
@@ -1588,10 +1668,11 @@ doStart_fn = async function() {
     for (const feature of features) {
       __privateMethod$1(this, _addFeature, addFeature_fn).call(this, feature);
     }
+    __privateGet$2(this, _serviceRegistry).checkForCircularDeps();
   }
-  for (const ref of __privateGet$2(this, _serviceHolder).getServiceRefs()) {
+  for (const ref of __privateGet$2(this, _serviceRegistry).getServiceRefs()) {
     if (ref.scope === "root") {
-      await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceHolder).get(ref, "root");
+      await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceRegistry).get(ref, "root");
     }
   }
   const pluginInits = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
@@ -1601,12 +1682,12 @@ doStart_fn = async function() {
       const provides = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
       if (r.type === "plugin" || r.type === "module") {
         for (const [extRef, extImpl] of r.extensionPoints) {
-          if (__privateGet$2(this, _extensionPoints).has(extRef)) {
+          if (__privateGet$2(this, _extensionPoints).has(extRef.id)) {
             throw new Error(
               `ExtensionPoint with ID '${extRef.id}' is already registered`
             );
           }
-          __privateGet$2(this, _extensionPoints).set(extRef, {
+          __privateGet$2(this, _extensionPoints).set(extRef.id, {
             impl: extImpl,
             pluginId: r.pluginId
           });
@@ -1693,7 +1774,7 @@ doStart_fn = async function() {
   const lifecycleService = await __privateMethod$1(this, _getRootLifecycleImpl, getRootLifecycleImpl_fn).call(this);
   await lifecycleService.startup();
   if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== "test") {
-    const rootLogger = await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceHolder).get(
+    const rootLogger = await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceRegistry).get(
       backendPluginApi.coreServices.rootLogger,
       "root"
     );
@@ -1709,7 +1790,7 @@ doStart_fn = async function() {
 };
 _getRootLifecycleImpl = new WeakSet();
 getRootLifecycleImpl_fn = async function() {
-  const lifecycleService = await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceHolder).get(
+  const lifecycleService = await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceRegistry).get(
     backendPluginApi.coreServices.rootLifecycle,
     "root"
   );
@@ -1720,7 +1801,7 @@ getRootLifecycleImpl_fn = async function() {
 };
 _getPluginLifecycleImpl = new WeakSet();
 getPluginLifecycleImpl_fn = async function(pluginId) {
-  const lifecycleService = await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceHolder).get(
+  const lifecycleService = await __privateGet$2(this, _serviceRegistry).get(
     backendPluginApi.coreServices.lifecycle,
     pluginId
   );
@@ -1761,7 +1842,11 @@ class BackstageBackend {
     __privateSet$1(this, _initializer, new BackendInitializer(defaultServiceFactories));
   }
   add(feature) {
-    __privateGet$1(this, _initializer).add(typeof feature === "function" ? feature() : feature);
+    if (isPromise(feature)) {
+      __privateGet$1(this, _initializer).add(feature.then((f) => unwrapFeature(f.default)));
+    } else {
+      __privateGet$1(this, _initializer).add(unwrapFeature(feature));
+    }
   }
   async start() {
     await __privateGet$1(this, _initializer).start();
@@ -1771,6 +1856,12 @@ class BackstageBackend {
   }
 }
 _initializer = new WeakMap();
+function isPromise(value) {
+  return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && "then" in value && typeof value.then === "function";
+}
+function unwrapFeature(feature) {
+  return typeof feature === "function" ? feature() : feature;
+}
 
 function createSpecializedBackend(options) {
   const services = options.defaultServiceFactories.map(