@aztec/world-state 0.0.1-commit.f2ce05ee → 0.0.1-commit.f5a9928

package/src/synchronizer/config.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-import { type ConfigMappingsType, getConfigFromMappings, numberConfigHelper } from '@aztec/foundation/config';
+import {
+  type ConfigMappingsType,
+  getConfigFromMappings,
+  numberConfigHelper,
+  optionalNumberConfigHelper,
+} from '@aztec/foundation/config';
 
 /** World State synchronizer configuration values. */
 export interface WorldStateConfig {
@@ -29,54 +34,53 @@ export interface WorldStateConfig {
   /** Optional directory for the world state DB, if unspecified will default to the general data directory */
   worldStateDataDirectory?: string;
 
-  /** The number of historic blocks to maintain */
-  worldStateBlockHistory: number;
+  /** The number of historic checkpoints worth of blocks to maintain */
+  worldStateCheckpointHistory: number;
 }
 
 export const worldStateConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<WorldStateConfig> = {
   worldStateBlockCheckIntervalMS: {
     env: 'WS_BLOCK_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS',
-    parseEnv: (val: string) => +val,
-    defaultValue: 100,
+    ...numberConfigHelper(100),
     description: 'The frequency in which to check.',
   },
   worldStateBlockRequestBatchSize: {
     env: 'WS_BLOCK_REQUEST_BATCH_SIZE',
-    parseEnv: (val: string | undefined) => (val ? +val : undefined),
+    ...optionalNumberConfigHelper(),
     description: 'Size of the batch for each get-blocks request from the synchronizer to the archiver.',
   },
   worldStateDbMapSizeKb: {
     env: 'WS_DB_MAP_SIZE_KB',
-    parseEnv: (val: string | undefined) => (val ? +val : undefined),
+    ...optionalNumberConfigHelper(),
     description: 'The maximum possible size of the world state DB in KB. Overwrites the general dataStoreMapSizeKb.',
   },
   archiveTreeMapSizeKb: {
     env: 'ARCHIVE_TREE_MAP_SIZE_KB',
-    parseEnv: (val: string | undefined) => (val ? +val : undefined),
+    ...optionalNumberConfigHelper(),
     description:
       'The maximum possible size of the world state archive tree in KB. Overwrites the general worldStateDbMapSizeKb.',
   },
   nullifierTreeMapSizeKb: {
     env: 'NULLIFIER_TREE_MAP_SIZE_KB',
-    parseEnv: (val: string | undefined) => (val ? +val : undefined),
+    ...optionalNumberConfigHelper(),
     description:
       'The maximum possible size of the world state nullifier tree in KB. Overwrites the general worldStateDbMapSizeKb.',
   },
   noteHashTreeMapSizeKb: {
     env: 'NOTE_HASH_TREE_MAP_SIZE_KB',
-    parseEnv: (val: string | undefined) => (val ? +val : undefined),
+    ...optionalNumberConfigHelper(),
     description:
       'The maximum possible size of the world state note hash tree in KB. Overwrites the general worldStateDbMapSizeKb.',
   },
   messageTreeMapSizeKb: {
     env: 'MESSAGE_TREE_MAP_SIZE_KB',
-    parseEnv: (val: string | undefined) => (val ? +val : undefined),
+    ...optionalNumberConfigHelper(),
     description:
       'The maximum possible size of the world state message tree in KB. Overwrites the general worldStateDbMapSizeKb.',
   },
   publicDataTreeMapSizeKb: {
     env: 'PUBLIC_DATA_TREE_MAP_SIZE_KB',
-    parseEnv: (val: string | undefined) => (val ? +val : undefined),
+    ...optionalNumberConfigHelper(),
     description:
       'The maximum possible size of the world state public data tree in KB. Overwrites the general worldStateDbMapSizeKb.',
   },
@@ -84,9 +88,11 @@ export const worldStateConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<WorldStateConfig> = {
     env: 'WS_DATA_DIRECTORY',
     description: 'Optional directory for the world state database',
   },
-  worldStateBlockHistory: {
-    env: 'WS_NUM_HISTORIC_BLOCKS',
-    description: 'The number of historic blocks to maintain. Values less than 1 mean all history is maintained',
+  worldStateCheckpointHistory: {
+    env: 'WS_NUM_HISTORIC_CHECKPOINTS',
+    description:
+      'The number of historic checkpoints worth of blocks to maintain. Values less than 1 mean all history is maintained',
+    fallback: ['WS_NUM_HISTORIC_BLOCKS'],
     ...numberConfigHelper(64),
   },
 };

package/src/synchronizer/errors.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Thrown by {@link ServerWorldStateSynchronizer.syncImmediate} when world state cannot be synced to the requested
+ * target: either the block is not available from the block source (`block_not_available`, e.g. it was pruned away)
+ * or the synced block does not match the requested hash (`block_hash_mismatch`, i.e. a reorg). Both causes are
+ * transient from the caller's perspective: re-resolving the query against the current chain and retrying may succeed
+ * or produce a more precise error.
+ */
 export class WorldStateSynchronizerError extends Error {
   constructor(message: string, options?: ErrorOptions) {
     super(message, options);
+    this.name = 'WorldStateSynchronizerError';
   }
 }

package/src/synchronizer/factory.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import type { LoggerBindings } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
-import type { DataStoreConfig } from '@aztec/kv-store/config';
 import type { L2BlockSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import type { DataStoreConfig } from '@aztec/stdlib/kv-store';
 import type { L1ToL2MessageSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/messaging';
-import type { PublicDataTreeLeaf } from '@aztec/stdlib/trees';
+import { EMPTY_GENESIS_DATA, type GenesisData, isGenesisData } from '@aztec/stdlib/world-state';
 import { type TelemetryClient, getTelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
 import { WorldStateInstrumentation } from '../instrumentation/instrumentation.js';
@@ -21,12 +21,14 @@ export interface WorldStateTreeMapSizes {
 export async function createWorldStateSynchronizer(
   config: WorldStateConfig & DataStoreConfig,
   l2BlockSource: L2BlockSource & L1ToL2MessageSource,
-  prefilledPublicData: PublicDataTreeLeaf[] = [],
+  genesisOrNativeWorldState: GenesisData | NativeWorldStateService,
   client: TelemetryClient = getTelemetryClient(),
   bindings?: LoggerBindings,
 ) {
   const instrumentation = new WorldStateInstrumentation(client);
-  const merkleTrees = await createWorldState(config, prefilledPublicData, instrumentation, bindings);
+  const merkleTrees = isGenesisData(genesisOrNativeWorldState)
+    ? await createWorldState(config, genesisOrNativeWorldState, instrumentation, bindings)
+    : genesisOrNativeWorldState;
   return new ServerWorldStateSynchronizer(merkleTrees, l2BlockSource, config, instrumentation);
 }
 
@@ -41,8 +43,8 @@ export async function createWorldState(
     | 'messageTreeMapSizeKb'
     | 'publicDataTreeMapSizeKb'
   > &
-    Pick<DataStoreConfig, 'dataDirectory' | 'dataStoreMapSizeKb' | 'l1Contracts'>,
-  prefilledPublicData: PublicDataTreeLeaf[] = [],
+    Pick<DataStoreConfig, 'dataDirectory' | 'dataStoreMapSizeKb' | 'rollupAddress'>,
+  genesis: GenesisData = EMPTY_GENESIS_DATA,
   instrumentation: WorldStateInstrumentation = new WorldStateInstrumentation(getTelemetryClient()),
   bindings?: LoggerBindings,
 ) {
@@ -56,24 +58,24 @@ export async function createWorldState(
     publicDataTreeMapSizeKb: config.publicDataTreeMapSizeKb ?? dataStoreMapSizeKb,
   };
 
-  if (!config.l1Contracts?.rollupAddress) {
+  if (!config.rollupAddress) {
     throw new Error('Rollup address is required to create a world state synchronizer.');
   }
 
   // If a data directory is provided in config, then create a persistent store.
   const merkleTrees = dataDirectory
     ? await NativeWorldStateService.new(
-        config.l1Contracts.rollupAddress,
+        config.rollupAddress,
         dataDirectory,
         wsTreeMapSizes,
-        prefilledPublicData,
+        genesis,
         instrumentation,
         bindings,
       )
     : await NativeWorldStateService.tmp(
-        config.l1Contracts.rollupAddress,
+        config.rollupAddress,
         !['true', '1'].includes(process.env.DEBUG_WORLD_STATE!),
-        prefilledPublicData,
+        genesis,
         instrumentation,
         bindings,
       );

package/src/synchronizer/index.ts

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 export * from './server_world_state_synchronizer.js';
 export * from './factory.js';
+export * from './errors.js';

package/src/synchronizer/server_world_state_synchronizer.ts

@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
-import { GENESIS_BLOCK_HEADER_HASH, INITIAL_L2_BLOCK_NUM, INITIAL_L2_CHECKPOINT_NUM } from '@aztec/constants';
-import { BlockNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { BlockNumber, CheckpointNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { promiseWithResolvers } from '@aztec/foundation/promise';
 import { elapsed } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import {
-  GENESIS_CHECKPOINT_HEADER_HASH,
+  type BlockHash,
+  EventDrivenL2BlockStream,
   type L2Block,
-  type L2BlockId,
   type L2BlockSource,
-  L2BlockStream,
   type L2BlockStreamEvent,
   type L2BlockStreamEventHandler,
   type L2BlockStreamLocalDataProvider,
-  type L2Tips,
+  type LocalChainTips,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
 import {
   WorldStateRunningState,
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
   private currentState: WorldStateRunningState = WorldStateRunningState.IDLE;
 
   private syncPromise = promiseWithResolvers<void>();
-  protected blockStream: L2BlockStream | undefined;
+  protected blockStream: EventDrivenL2BlockStream | undefined;
 
   // WorldState doesn't track the proven block number, it only tracks the latest tips of the pending chain and the finalized chain
   // store the proven block number here, in the synchronizer, so that we don't end up spamming the logs with 'chain-proved' events
@@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
     private readonly log: Logger = createLogger('world_state'),
   ) {
     this.merkleTreeCommitted = this.merkleTreeDb.getCommitted();
-    this.historyToKeep = config.worldStateBlockHistory < 1 ? undefined : config.worldStateBlockHistory;
+    this.historyToKeep = config.worldStateCheckpointHistory < 1 ? undefined : config.worldStateCheckpointHistory;
     this.log.info(
       `Created world state synchroniser with block history of ${
         this.historyToKeep === undefined ? 'infinity' : this.historyToKeep
@@ -80,6 +78,46 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
     return this.merkleTreeDb.getSnapshot(blockNumber);
   }
 
+  public async getVerifiedSnapshot(blockNumber: BlockNumber, blockHash: BlockHash): Promise<MerkleTreeReadOperations> {
+    const snapshot = this.merkleTreeDb.getSnapshot(blockNumber);
+    // Block 0's snapshot is the pre-genesis archive view (size 0), so archive leaf 0 is not visible from it;
+    // verify against the initial header hash instead. For later blocks, read archive leaf `blockNumber` from the
+    // snapshot's own view so the exact handle we return is validated against the requested fork.
+    const actualHash =
+      blockNumber === BlockNumber.ZERO
+        ? (await this.merkleTreeCommitted.getInitialHeader().hash()).toString()
+        : (await snapshot.getLeafValue(MerkleTreeId.ARCHIVE, BigInt(blockNumber)))?.toString();
+
+    if (actualHash === undefined) {
+      // A missing archive leaf means either the block's history has been pruned away (permanent: the block predates
+      // the oldest historical block kept by world state) or a reorg flipped the fork between the sync and this read
+      // (transient). Only the latter is worth retrying, so it alone surfaces as WorldStateSynchronizerError.
+      const { oldestHistoricalBlock } = await this.merkleTreeDb.getStatusSummary();
+      if (blockNumber < oldestHistoricalBlock) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Unable to find leaf for block ${blockNumber} in the archive tree: world state history has been pruned to block ${oldestHistoricalBlock}`,
+        );
+      }
+      throw new WorldStateSynchronizerError(`Unable to read block hash at block ${blockNumber} to verify snapshot`, {
+        cause: { reason: 'block_not_available', targetBlockNumber: blockNumber },
+      });
+    }
+    if (actualHash !== blockHash.toString()) {
+      throw new WorldStateSynchronizerError(
+        `Block hash mismatch at block ${blockNumber} (expected ${blockHash} but got ${actualHash})`,
+        {
+          cause: {
+            reason: 'block_hash_mismatch',
+            targetBlockNumber: blockNumber,
+            expectedHash: blockHash.toString(),
+            actualHash,
+          },
+        },
+      );
+    }
+    return snapshot;
+  }
+
   public fork(blockNumber?: BlockNumber, opts?: { closeDelayMs?: number }): Promise<MerkleTreeWriteOperations> {
     return this.merkleTreeDb.fork(blockNumber, opts);
   }
@@ -122,9 +160,9 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
     return this.syncPromise.promise;
   }
 
-  protected createBlockStream(): L2BlockStream {
+  protected createBlockStream(): EventDrivenL2BlockStream {
     const logger = createLogger('world-state:block_stream');
-    return new L2BlockStream(this.l2BlockSource, this, this, logger, {
+    return new EventDrivenL2BlockStream(this.l2BlockSource, this, this, logger, {
       pollIntervalMS: this.config.worldStateBlockCheckIntervalMS,
       batchSize: this.config.worldStateBlockRequestBatchSize,
       ignoreCheckpoints: true,
@@ -177,13 +215,10 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
   /**
    * Forces an immediate sync.
    * @param targetBlockNumber - The target block number that we must sync to. Will download unproven blocks if needed to reach it.
-   * @param skipThrowIfTargetNotReached - Whether to skip throwing if the target block number is not reached.
+   * @param blockHash - If provided, verifies the block at targetBlockNumber matches this hash. On mismatch, triggers a resync (reorg detection).
    * @returns A promise that resolves with the block number the world state was synced to
    */
-  public async syncImmediate(
-    targetBlockNumber?: BlockNumber,
-    skipThrowIfTargetNotReached?: boolean,
-  ): Promise<BlockNumber> {
+  public async syncImmediate(targetBlockNumber?: BlockNumber, blockHash?: BlockHash): Promise<BlockNumber> {
     if (this.currentState !== WorldStateRunningState.RUNNING) {
       throw new Error(`World State is not running. Unable to perform sync.`);
     }
@@ -195,7 +230,19 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
     // If we have been given a block number to sync to and we have reached that number then return
     const currentBlockNumber = await this.getLatestBlockNumber();
     if (targetBlockNumber !== undefined && targetBlockNumber <= currentBlockNumber) {
-      return currentBlockNumber;
+      if (blockHash === undefined) {
+        return currentBlockNumber;
+      }
+
+      // If a block hash was provided, verify we're on the expected fork
+      const currentHash = await this.getL2BlockHash(targetBlockNumber);
+      if (currentHash === blockHash.toString()) {
+        return currentBlockNumber;
+      }
+      // Hash mismatch: a reorg may have occurred, fall through to trigger sync
+      this.log.debug(
+        `World state block hash mismatch at ${targetBlockNumber} (expected ${blockHash}, got ${currentHash}). Triggering resync.`,
+      );
     }
     this.log.debug(`World State at ${currentBlockNumber} told to sync to ${targetBlockNumber ?? 'latest'}`);
 
@@ -213,7 +260,7 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
 
     // If we have been given a block number to sync to and we have not reached that number then fail
     const updatedBlockNumber = await this.getLatestBlockNumber();
-    if (!skipThrowIfTargetNotReached && targetBlockNumber !== undefined && targetBlockNumber > updatedBlockNumber) {
+    if (targetBlockNumber !== undefined && targetBlockNumber > updatedBlockNumber) {
       throw new WorldStateSynchronizerError(
         `Unable to sync to block number ${targetBlockNumber} (last synced is ${updatedBlockNumber})`,
         {
@@ -227,6 +274,24 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
       );
     }
 
+    // If a block hash was provided, verify we're on the expected fork after syncing, throw otherwise
+    if (blockHash !== undefined && targetBlockNumber !== undefined) {
+      const updatedHash = await this.getL2BlockHash(targetBlockNumber);
+      if (updatedHash !== blockHash.toString()) {
+        throw new WorldStateSynchronizerError(
+          `Block hash mismatch at block ${targetBlockNumber} (expected ${blockHash} but got ${updatedHash})`,
+          {
+            cause: {
+              reason: 'block_hash_mismatch',
+              targetBlockNumber,
+              expectedHash: blockHash.toString(),
+              actualHash: updatedHash,
+            },
+          },
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
     return updatedBlockNumber;
   }
 
@@ -238,8 +303,12 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
     return this.merkleTreeCommitted.getLeafValue(MerkleTreeId.ARCHIVE, BigInt(number)).then(leaf => leaf?.toString());
   }
 
-  /** Returns the latest L2 block number for each tip of the chain (latest, proven, finalized). */
-  public async getL2Tips(): Promise<L2Tips> {
+  /**
+   * Returns the proposed, proven, and finalized block tips of the chain. World state drives its block stream with
+   * `ignoreCheckpoints`, so it does not track checkpointed blocks or checkpoints and omits `checkpointed` from the tips
+   * it reports.
+   */
+  public async getL2Tips(): Promise<LocalChainTips> {
     const status = await this.merkleTreeDb.getStatusSummary();
     const unfinalizedBlockHashPromise = this.getL2BlockHash(status.unfinalizedBlockNumber);
     const finalizedBlockHashPromise = this.getL2BlockHash(status.finalizedBlockNumber);
@@ -253,25 +322,13 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
       finalizedBlockHashPromise,
       provenBlockHashPromise,
     ]);
-    const latestBlockId: L2BlockId = { number: status.unfinalizedBlockNumber, hash: unfinalizedBlockHash! };
-
-    // World state doesn't track checkpointed blocks or checkpoints themselves.
-    // but we use a block stream so we need to provide 'local' L2Tips.
-    // We configure the block stream to ignore checkpoints and set checkpoint values to genesis here.
-    const genesisCheckpointHeaderHash = GENESIS_CHECKPOINT_HEADER_HASH.toString();
     return {
-      proposed: latestBlockId,
-      checkpointed: {
-        block: { number: INITIAL_L2_BLOCK_NUM, hash: GENESIS_BLOCK_HEADER_HASH.toString() },
-        checkpoint: { number: INITIAL_L2_CHECKPOINT_NUM, hash: genesisCheckpointHeaderHash },
-      },
+      proposed: { number: status.unfinalizedBlockNumber, hash: unfinalizedBlockHash },
       finalized: {
-        block: { number: status.finalizedBlockNumber, hash: finalizedBlockHash ?? '' },
-        checkpoint: { number: INITIAL_L2_CHECKPOINT_NUM, hash: genesisCheckpointHeaderHash },
+        block: { number: status.finalizedBlockNumber, hash: finalizedBlockHash },
       },
       proven: {
-        block: { number: provenBlockNumber, hash: provenBlockHash ?? '' },
-        checkpoint: { number: INITIAL_L2_CHECKPOINT_NUM, hash: genesisCheckpointHeaderHash },
+        block: { number: provenBlockNumber, hash: provenBlockHash },
       },
     };
   }
@@ -291,6 +348,15 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
       case 'chain-finalized':
         await this.handleChainFinalized(event.block.number);
         break;
+      // World state runs in block mode with ignoreCheckpoints: it tracks tips via blocks-added/pruned/proven/finalized
+      // and ignores the thin tip events (it never anchors on them).
+      case 'chain-proposed':
+      case 'chain-checkpointed':
+        break;
+      default: {
+        const _: never = event;
+        break;
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -360,16 +426,56 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
 
   private async handleChainFinalized(blockNumber: BlockNumber) {
     this.log.verbose(`Finalized chain is now at block ${blockNumber}`);
+    // If the finalized block number is older than the oldest available block in world state,
+    // skip entirely. The finalized block number can jump backwards (e.g. when the finalization
+    // heuristic changes) and try to read block data that has already been pruned. When this
+    // happens, there is nothing useful to do — the native world state is already finalized
+    // past this point and pruning has already happened.
+    const currentSummary = await this.merkleTreeDb.getStatusSummary();
+    if (blockNumber < currentSummary.oldestHistoricalBlock || blockNumber < 1) {
+      this.log.trace(
+        `Finalized block ${blockNumber} is older than the oldest available block ${currentSummary.oldestHistoricalBlock}. Skipping.`,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
     const summary = await this.merkleTreeDb.setFinalized(blockNumber);
     if (this.historyToKeep === undefined) {
       return;
     }
-    const newHistoricBlock = summary.finalizedBlockNumber - this.historyToKeep + 1;
-    if (newHistoricBlock <= 1) {
+    const finalisedBlockData = await this.l2BlockSource.getBlockData({ number: summary.finalizedBlockNumber });
+    if (finalisedBlockData === undefined) {
+      this.log.warn(
+        `Failed to retrieve checkpointed block for finalized block number: ${summary.finalizedBlockNumber}`,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    // Compute the required historic checkpoint number
+    const newHistoricCheckpointNumber = finalisedBlockData.checkpointNumber - this.historyToKeep + 1;
+    if (newHistoricCheckpointNumber <= 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // Retrieve the historic checkpoint
+    const historicCheckpoint = await this.l2BlockSource.getCheckpoint({
+      number: CheckpointNumber(newHistoricCheckpointNumber),
+    });
+    if (!historicCheckpoint) {
+      this.log.warn(`Failed to retrieve checkpoint number ${newHistoricCheckpointNumber} from Archiver`);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (historicCheckpoint.checkpoint.blocks.length === 0 || historicCheckpoint.checkpoint.blocks[0] === undefined) {
+      this.log.warn(`Retrieved checkpoint number ${newHistoricCheckpointNumber} has no blocks!`);
       return;
     }
-    this.log.verbose(`Pruning historic blocks to ${newHistoricBlock}`);
-    const status = await this.merkleTreeDb.removeHistoricalBlocks(BlockNumber(newHistoricBlock));
+    // Find the block at the start of the checkpoint and remove blocks up to this one
+    const newHistoricBlock = historicCheckpoint.checkpoint.blocks[0];
+    if (newHistoricBlock.number <= currentSummary.oldestHistoricalBlock) {
+      this.log.debug(
+        `Historic block ${newHistoricBlock.number} is not newer than oldest available ${currentSummary.oldestHistoricalBlock}. Skipping prune.`,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    this.log.verbose(`Pruning historic blocks to ${newHistoricBlock.number}`);
+    const status = await this.merkleTreeDb.removeHistoricalBlocks(BlockNumber(newHistoricBlock.number));
     this.log.debug(`World state summary `, status.summary);
   }
 
@@ -380,9 +486,11 @@ export class ServerWorldStateSynchronizer
   }
 
   private async handleChainPruned(blockNumber: BlockNumber) {
-    this.log.warn(`Chain pruned to block ${blockNumber}`);
+    this.log.info(`Chain pruned to block ${blockNumber}`);
     const status = await this.merkleTreeDb.unwindBlocks(blockNumber);
-    this.provenBlockNumber = undefined;
+    if (this.provenBlockNumber !== undefined && this.provenBlockNumber > blockNumber) {
+      this.provenBlockNumber = undefined;
+    }
     this.instrumentation.updateWorldStateMetrics(status);
   }
 

package/src/test/utils.ts

@@ -60,7 +60,16 @@ export async function updateBlockState(block: L2Block, l1ToL2Messages: Fr[], for
   await Promise.all([publicDataInsert, nullifierInsert, noteHashInsert, messageInsert]);
 
   const state = await fork.getStateReference();
-  block.header = BlockHeader.from({ ...block.header, state });
+
+  // Capture the archive root *before* appending this block so the header's lastArchive chains off the previous block.
+  // sync_block now verifies lastArchive against the committed archive root, so a block carrying an unchained value
+  // (e.g. the random lastArchive from L2Block.random) would be rejected as a divergence from the canonical chain.
+  const previousArchive = await fork.getTreeInfo(MerkleTreeId.ARCHIVE);
+  block.header = BlockHeader.from({
+    ...block.header,
+    state,
+    lastArchive: new AppendOnlyTreeSnapshot(Fr.fromBuffer(previousArchive.root), Number(previousArchive.size)),
+  });
   await fork.updateArchive(block.header);
 
   const archiveState = await fork.getTreeInfo(MerkleTreeId.ARCHIVE);

package/src/testing.ts

@@ -3,22 +3,24 @@ import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { computeFeePayerBalanceLeafSlot } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts/fee-juice';
 import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
 import { MerkleTreeId, PublicDataTreeLeaf } from '@aztec/stdlib/trees';
+import type { GenesisData } from '@aztec/stdlib/world-state';
 
 import { NativeWorldStateService } from './native/index.js';
 
-async function generateGenesisValues(prefilledPublicData: PublicDataTreeLeaf[]) {
-  if (!prefilledPublicData.length) {
+async function generateGenesisValues(genesis: GenesisData) {
+  // The GENESIS_ARCHIVE_ROOT constant reflects the canonical empty genesis (no public data, no prefilled nullifiers,
+  // timestamp 0), so we can only short-circuit when this genesis adds none of those on top.
+  if (!genesis.prefilledPublicData.length && genesis.genesisTimestamp === 0n && !genesis.prefilledNullifiers?.length) {
     return {
       genesisArchiveRoot: new Fr(GENESIS_ARCHIVE_ROOT),
     };
   }
 
-  // Create a temporary world state to compute the genesis values.
-  const ws = await NativeWorldStateService.tmp(
-    undefined /* rollupAddress */,
-    true /* cleanupTmpDir */,
-    prefilledPublicData,
-  );
+  // Compute the genesis values on a throwaway world state. The archive root derives deterministically from the
+  // prefilled public data, the prefilled nullifiers, and the genesis timestamp, so the fsync-off ephemeral store (no
+  // version manager, no crash-recoverability) produces an identical root while skipping the fsync overhead that `tmp`
+  // pays. close() removes the tmpdir.
+  const ws = await NativeWorldStateService.ephemeral(genesis);
   const genesisArchiveRoot = new Fr((await ws.getCommitted().getTreeInfo(MerkleTreeId.ARCHIVE)).root);
   await ws.close();
 
@@ -33,6 +35,8 @@ export async function getGenesisValues(
   initialAccounts: AztecAddress[],
   initialAccountFeeJuice = defaultInitialAccountFeeJuice,
   genesisPublicData: PublicDataTreeLeaf[] = [],
+  genesisTimestamp: bigint = 0n,
+  prefilledNullifiers: Fr[] = [],
 ) {
   // Top up the accounts with fee juice.
   let prefilledPublicData = await Promise.all(
@@ -46,11 +50,16 @@ export async function getGenesisValues(
 
   prefilledPublicData.sort((a, b) => (b.slot.lt(a.slot) ? 1 : -1));
 
-  const { genesisArchiveRoot } = await generateGenesisValues(prefilledPublicData);
+  // The indexed nullifier tree requires its prefilled leaves to be unique and strictly increasing, so sort ascending
+  // here (a copy, to avoid mutating the caller's array) rather than relying on the caller's ordering.
+  const sortedNullifiers = [...prefilledNullifiers].sort((a, b) => (a.toBigInt() < b.toBigInt() ? -1 : 1));
+
+  const genesis: GenesisData = { prefilledPublicData, prefilledNullifiers: sortedNullifiers, genesisTimestamp };
+  const { genesisArchiveRoot } = await generateGenesisValues(genesis);
 
   return {
     genesisArchiveRoot,
-    prefilledPublicData,
+    genesis,
     fundingNeeded: BigInt(initialAccounts.length) * initialAccountFeeJuice.toBigInt(),
   };
 }

package/src/world-state-db/merkle_tree_db.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 import { MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX, MAX_TOTAL_PUBLIC_DATA_UPDATE_REQUESTS_PER_TX } from '@aztec/constants';
 import type { BlockNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
-import type { IndexedTreeSnapshot, TreeSnapshot } from '@aztec/merkle-tree';
 import type { L2Block } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
 import type {
   ForkMerkleTreeOperations,
   MerkleTreeReadOperations,
   ReadonlyWorldStateAccess,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
-import type { MerkleTreeId } from '@aztec/stdlib/trees';
 
 import type { WorldStateStatusFull, WorldStateStatusSummary } from '../native/message.js';
 
@@ -31,14 +29,6 @@ export const INITIAL_NULLIFIER_TREE_SIZE = 2 * MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX;
 
 export const INITIAL_PUBLIC_DATA_TREE_SIZE = 2 * MAX_TOTAL_PUBLIC_DATA_UPDATE_REQUESTS_PER_TX;
 
-export type TreeSnapshots = {
-  [MerkleTreeId.NULLIFIER_TREE]: IndexedTreeSnapshot;
-  [MerkleTreeId.NOTE_HASH_TREE]: TreeSnapshot<Fr>;
-  [MerkleTreeId.PUBLIC_DATA_TREE]: IndexedTreeSnapshot;
-  [MerkleTreeId.L1_TO_L2_MESSAGE_TREE]: TreeSnapshot<Fr>;
-  [MerkleTreeId.ARCHIVE]: TreeSnapshot<Fr>;
-};
-
 export interface MerkleTreeAdminDatabase extends ForkMerkleTreeOperations, ReadonlyWorldStateAccess {
   /**
    * Handles a single L2 block (i.e. Inserts the new note hashes into the merkle tree).