@aztec/validator-ha-signer 5.0.0-rc.2 → 5.0.1

package/README.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const { signer, db } = await createHASigner({
   databaseUrl: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
   nodeId: 'validator-node-1',
   pollingIntervalMs: 100,
-  signingTimeoutMs: 3000,
+  peerSigningTimeoutMs: 3000,
 });
 
 // Start background cleanup tasks
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ await db.initialize();
 const signer = new ValidatorHASigner(db, {
   nodeId: 'validator-node-1',
   pollingIntervalMs: 100,
-  signingTimeoutMs: 3000,
+  peerSigningTimeoutMs: 3000,
   maxStuckDutiesAgeMs: 144000,
 });
 

package/dest/errors.d.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,19 @@ export declare class DutyAlreadySignedError extends Error {
     readonly signedByNode: string;
     constructor(slot: SlotNumber, dutyType: DutyType, blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: number, signedByNode: string);
 }
+/**
+ * Thrown when the slashing-protection record for an in-flight signing operation can no longer be
+ * updated because it is no longer owned by this node - for example, the stuck-duty cleanup loop
+ * deleted the SIGNING row while the remote signer was slow. The produced signature must be
+ * discarded rather than broadcast: with no protection record in place, a later attempt for the
+ * same duty with different data would sign freely, which is slashable equivocation.
+ */
+export declare class SigningLockLostError extends Error {
+    readonly slot: SlotNumber;
+    readonly dutyType: DutyType;
+    readonly nodeId: string;
+    constructor(slot: SlotNumber, dutyType: DutyType, nodeId: string);
+}
 /**
  * Thrown when attempting to sign data that conflicts with an already-signed duty.
  * This means the same validator tried to sign DIFFERENT data for the same slot.
@@ -31,4 +44,4 @@ export declare class SlashingProtectionError extends Error {
     readonly signedByNode: string;
     constructor(slot: SlotNumber, dutyType: DutyType, blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: number, existingMessageHash: string, attemptedMessageHash: string, signedByNode: string);
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,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
+//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,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

package/dest/errors.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"errors.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/errors.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;GAEG;AACH,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,iCAAiC,CAAC;AAElE,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,eAAe,CAAC;AAE9C;;;;GAIG;AACH,qBAAa,sBAAuB,SAAQ,KAAK;aAE7B,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU;aAChB,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ;aAClB,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM;aAClC,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM;IAJtC,YACkB,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,EAChB,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ,EAClB,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM,EAClC,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,EAIrC;CACF;AAED;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,qBAAa,uBAAwB,SAAQ,KAAK;aAE9B,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU;aAChB,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ;aAClB,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM;aAClC,mBAAmB,EAAE,MAAM;aAC3B,oBAAoB,EAAE,MAAM;aAC5B,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM;IANtC,YACkB,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,EAChB,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ,EAClB,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM,EAClC,mBAAmB,EAAE,MAAM,EAC3B,oBAAoB,EAAE,MAAM,EAC5B,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,EAOrC;CACF"}
+{"version":3,"file":"errors.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/errors.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;GAEG;AACH,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,iCAAiC,CAAC;AAElE,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,eAAe,CAAC;AAE9C;;;;GAIG;AACH,qBAAa,sBAAuB,SAAQ,KAAK;aAE7B,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU;aAChB,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ;aAClB,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM;aAClC,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM;IAJtC,YACkB,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,EAChB,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ,EAClB,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM,EAClC,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,EAIrC;CACF;AAED;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,qBAAa,oBAAqB,SAAQ,KAAK;aAE3B,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU;aAChB,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ;aAClB,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM;IAHhC,YACkB,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,EAChB,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ,EAClB,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,EAO/B;CACF;AAED;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,qBAAa,uBAAwB,SAAQ,KAAK;aAE9B,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU;aAChB,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ;aAClB,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM;aAClC,mBAAmB,EAAE,MAAM;aAC3B,oBAAoB,EAAE,MAAM;aAC5B,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM;IANtC,YACkB,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,EAChB,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ,EAClB,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM,EAClC,mBAAmB,EAAE,MAAM,EAC3B,oBAAoB,EAAE,MAAM,EAC5B,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,EAOrC;CACF"}

package/dest/errors.js

@@ -14,6 +14,21 @@
         this.name = 'DutyAlreadySignedError';
     }
 }
+/**
+ * Thrown when the slashing-protection record for an in-flight signing operation can no longer be
+ * updated because it is no longer owned by this node - for example, the stuck-duty cleanup loop
+ * deleted the SIGNING row while the remote signer was slow. The produced signature must be
+ * discarded rather than broadcast: with no protection record in place, a later attempt for the
+ * same duty with different data would sign freely, which is slashable equivocation.
+ */ export class SigningLockLostError extends Error {
+    slot;
+    dutyType;
+    nodeId;
+    constructor(slot, dutyType, nodeId){
+        super(`Slashing protection record for ${dutyType} at slot ${slot} was lost before signing completed ` + `(node ${nodeId}); discarding signature`), this.slot = slot, this.dutyType = dutyType, this.nodeId = nodeId;
+        this.name = 'SigningLockLostError';
+    }
+}
 /**
  * Thrown when attempting to sign data that conflicts with an already-signed duty.
  * This means the same validator tried to sign DIFFERENT data for the same slot.

package/dest/factory.d.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-/**
- * Factory functions for creating validator HA signers
- */
 import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import type { LocalSignerConfig, ValidatorHASignerConfig } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
 import type { CreateHASignerDeps, CreateLocalSignerWithProtectionDeps, SlashingProtectionDatabase } from './types.js';
@@ -22,7 +19,7 @@ import { ValidatorHASigner } from './validator_ha_signer.js';
  *   databaseUrl: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
  *   nodeId: 'validator-node-1',
  *   pollingIntervalMs: 100,
- *   signingTimeoutMs: 3000,
+ *   peerSigningTimeoutMs: 3000,
  * });
  * signer.start(); // Start background cleanup
  *
@@ -49,9 +46,10 @@ export declare function createHASigner(config: ValidatorHASignerConfig, deps?: C
  * high-availability (multi-node) setup. It prevents a proposer from sending two
  * proposals for the same slot if the node crashes and restarts mid-proposal.
  *
- * When `config.dataDirectory` is set, the protection database is persisted to disk
- * and survives crashes/restarts. When unset, an ephemeral in-memory store is
- * used which protects within a single run but not across restarts.
+ * `config.dataDirectory` is required so the protection database is persisted to disk and survives
+ * crashes/restarts. Booting without it throws, since an ephemeral store silently drops all
+ * double-signing protection across restarts. Set `config.allowEphemeralSigningProtection` to opt
+ * into the ephemeral store anyway (dev/test networks only) — a loud warning is logged in that case.
  *
  * @param config - Local signer config
  * @param deps - Optional dependencies (telemetry, date provider).
@@ -70,8 +68,8 @@ export declare function createSharedSlashingProtectionDb(dateProvider?: DateProv
  * Create a ValidatorHASigner backed by a pre-existing SlashingProtectionDatabase.
  * Used for testing HA setups where multiple nodes share the same protection database.
  */
-export declare function createSignerFromSharedDb(db: SlashingProtectionDatabase, config: Pick<ValidatorHASignerConfig, 'nodeId' | 'pollingIntervalMs' | 'signingTimeoutMs' | 'maxStuckDutiesAgeMs' | 'rollupAddress'>, deps?: CreateLocalSignerWithProtectionDeps): {
+export declare function createSignerFromSharedDb(db: SlashingProtectionDatabase, config: Pick<ValidatorHASignerConfig, 'nodeId' | 'pollingIntervalMs' | 'peerSigningTimeoutMs' | 'maxStuckDutiesAgeMs' | 'rollupAddress'>, deps?: CreateLocalSignerWithProtectionDeps): {
     signer: ValidatorHASigner;
     db: SlashingProtectionDatabase;
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,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
+//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,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

package/dest/factory.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"factory.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/factory.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;GAEG;AACH,OAAO,EAAE,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,yBAAyB,CAAC;AAEvD,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,iBAAiB,EAAE,uBAAuB,EAAE,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAQ3F,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,kBAAkB,EAAE,mCAAmC,EAAE,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AACtH,OAAO,EAAE,iBAAiB,EAAE,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAE7D;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAgCG;AACH,wBAAsB,cAAc,CAClC,MAAM,EAAE,uBAAuB,EAC/B,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,kBAAkB,GACxB,OAAO,CAAC;IACT,MAAM,EAAE,iBAAiB,CAAC;IAC1B,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,CAAC;CAChC,CAAC,CAuCD;AAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAcG;AACH,wBAAsB,+BAA+B,CACnD,MAAM,EAAE,iBAAiB,EACzB,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,mCAAmC,GACzC,OAAO,CAAC;IACT,MAAM,EAAE,iBAAiB,CAAC;IAC1B,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,CAAC;CAChC,CAAC,CAqCD;AAED;;;GAGG;AACH,wBAAsB,gCAAgC,CACpD,YAAY,GAAE,YAAiC,GAC9C,OAAO,CAAC,0BAA0B,CAAC,CAKrC;AAED;;;GAGG;AACH,wBAAgB,wBAAwB,CACtC,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,EAC9B,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,CACV,uBAAuB,EACvB,QAAQ,GAAG,mBAAmB,GAAG,kBAAkB,GAAG,qBAAqB,GAAG,eAAe,CAC9F,EACD,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,mCAAmC,GACzC;IAAE,MAAM,EAAE,iBAAiB,CAAC;IAAC,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,CAAA;CAAE,CAM/D"}
+{"version":3,"file":"factory.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/factory.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAIA,OAAO,EAAE,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,yBAAyB,CAAC;AAEvD,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,iBAAiB,EAAE,uBAAuB,EAAE,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAQ3F,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,kBAAkB,EAAE,mCAAmC,EAAE,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AACtH,OAAO,EAAE,iBAAiB,EAAE,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAE7D;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAgCG;AACH,wBAAsB,cAAc,CAClC,MAAM,EAAE,uBAAuB,EAC/B,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,kBAAkB,GACxB,OAAO,CAAC;IACT,MAAM,EAAE,iBAAiB,CAAC;IAC1B,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,CAAC;CAChC,CAAC,CAiDD;AAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAeG;AACH,wBAAsB,+BAA+B,CACnD,MAAM,EAAE,iBAAiB,EACzB,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,mCAAmC,GACzC,OAAO,CAAC;IACT,MAAM,EAAE,iBAAiB,CAAC;IAC1B,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,CAAC;CAChC,CAAC,CAsDD;AAED;;;GAGG;AACH,wBAAsB,gCAAgC,CACpD,YAAY,GAAE,YAAiC,GAC9C,OAAO,CAAC,0BAA0B,CAAC,CAKrC;AAED;;;GAGG;AACH,wBAAgB,wBAAwB,CACtC,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,EAC9B,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,CACV,uBAAuB,EACvB,QAAQ,GAAG,mBAAmB,GAAG,sBAAsB,GAAG,qBAAqB,GAAG,eAAe,CAClG,EACD,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,mCAAmC,GACzC;IAAE,MAAM,EAAE,iBAAiB,CAAC;IAAC,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,CAAA;CAAE,CAM/D"}

package/dest/factory.js

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Factory functions for creating validator HA signers
- */ import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+ */ import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import { createStore } from '@aztec/kv-store/lmdb-v2';
 import { getTelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 import { Pool } from 'pg';
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ import { ValidatorHASigner } from './validator_ha_signer.js';
  *   databaseUrl: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
  *   nodeId: 'validator-node-1',
  *   pollingIntervalMs: 100,
- *   signingTimeoutMs: 3000,
+ *   peerSigningTimeoutMs: 3000,
  * });
  * signer.start(); // Start background cleanup
  *
@@ -61,6 +62,18 @@ import { ValidatorHASigner } from './validator_ha_signer.js';
     } else {
         pool = deps.pool;
     }
+    // pg re-emits idle-client errors (e.g. a Postgres restart severing an idle connection) on the
+    // pool. Without an 'error' listener, Node escalates these to an uncaughtException and crashes the
+    // process - taking down every HA replica sharing the DB at once. pg destroys and replaces the
+    // errored client itself, so logging is the only action needed. Log just message/code, never the
+    // raw error object (it can carry connection metadata).
+    const log = createLogger('validator-ha-signer:factory');
+    pool.on('error', (err)=>{
+        log.warn('Postgres pool error on idle client', {
+            message: err.message,
+            code: err.code
+        });
+    });
     // Create database instance
     const db = new PostgresSlashingProtectionDatabase(pool);
     // Verify database schema is initialized and version matches
@@ -84,9 +97,10 @@ import { ValidatorHASigner } from './validator_ha_signer.js';
  * high-availability (multi-node) setup. It prevents a proposer from sending two
  * proposals for the same slot if the node crashes and restarts mid-proposal.
  *
- * When `config.dataDirectory` is set, the protection database is persisted to disk
- * and survives crashes/restarts. When unset, an ephemeral in-memory store is
- * used which protects within a single run but not across restarts.
+ * `config.dataDirectory` is required so the protection database is persisted to disk and survives
+ * crashes/restarts. Booting without it throws, since an ephemeral store silently drops all
+ * double-signing protection across restarts. Set `config.allowEphemeralSigningProtection` to opt
+ * into the ephemeral store anyway (dev/test networks only) — a loud warning is logged in that case.
  *
  * @param config - Local signer config
  * @param deps - Optional dependencies (telemetry, date provider).
@@ -94,13 +108,21 @@ import { ValidatorHASigner } from './validator_ha_signer.js';
  */ export async function createLocalSignerWithProtection(config, deps) {
     const telemetryClient = deps?.telemetryClient ?? getTelemetryClient();
     const dateProvider = deps?.dateProvider ?? new DateProvider();
+    const log = createLogger('validator-ha-signer:factory');
+    if (!config.dataDirectory) {
+        if (!config.allowEphemeralSigningProtection) {
+            throw new Error('Local signing protection requires a persistent data directory, but none was configured. ' + 'Set DATA_DIRECTORY so double-signing protection survives restarts, or explicitly opt into an ' + 'ephemeral store (dev/test only) with VALIDATOR_ALLOW_EPHEMERAL_SIGNING_PROTECTION=true.');
+        }
+        log.warn('Local signing protection is running with an EPHEMERAL store: no data directory is configured. ' + 'Double-signing protection will NOT survive a restart. This is unsafe for production validators.');
+    }
     const kvStore = await createStore('signing-protection', LmdbSlashingProtectionDatabase.SCHEMA_VERSION, {
         dataDirectory: config.dataDirectory,
         dataStoreMapSizeKb: config.signingProtectionMapSizeKb ?? config.dataStoreMapSizeKb,
         rollupAddress: config.rollupAddress
     }, undefined, {
         onUpgrade: (dataDirectory, currentVersion, latestVersion)=>migrateLmdbSlashingProtectionDatabase(dataDirectory, currentVersion, latestVersion, config.signingProtectionMapSizeKb ?? config.dataStoreMapSizeKb),
-        schemaVersionMismatchPolicy: 'throw'
+        schemaVersionMismatchPolicy: 'throw',
+        versionFileReadFailurePolicy: 'throw'
     });
     const db = new LmdbSlashingProtectionDatabase(kvStore, dateProvider);
     const signerConfig = {

package/dest/slashing_protection_service.d.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ export interface SlashingProtectionServiceDeps {
     metrics: HASignerMetrics;
     dateProvider: DateProvider;
 }
+/** Default max age (ms) of a stuck SIGNING duty before cleanup reclaims it: 2x the 72s Aztec slot duration. */
+export declare const DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS = 144000;
 /**
  * Slashing Protection Service
  *
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ export declare class SlashingProtectionService {
     private readonly config;
     private readonly log;
     private readonly pollingIntervalMs;
-    private readonly signingTimeoutMs;
+    private readonly peerSigningTimeoutMs;
     private readonly maxStuckDutiesAgeMs;
     private readonly metrics;
     private readonly dateProvider;
@@ -90,4 +92,4 @@ export declare class SlashingProtectionService {
     close(): Promise<void>;
     private cleanup;
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjozLCJmaWxlIjoic2xhc2hpbmdfcHJvdGVjdGlvbl9zZXJ2aWNlLmQudHMiLCJzb3VyY2VSb290IjoiIiwic291cmNlcyI6WyIuLi9zcmMvc2xhc2hpbmdfcHJvdGVjdGlvbl9zZXJ2aWNlLnRzIl0sIm5hbWVzIjpbXSwibWFwcGluZ3MiOiJBQVNBLE9BQU8sS0FBSyxFQUFFLFlBQVksRUFBRSxNQUFNLHlCQUF5QixDQUFDO0FBQzVELE9BQU8sS0FBSyxFQUFFLGdCQUFnQixFQUFFLE1BQU0sMEJBQTBCLENBQUM7QUFFakUsT0FBTyxFQUNMLEtBQUssb0JBQW9CLEVBQ3pCLEtBQUssZ0JBQWdCLEVBRXJCLEtBQUssbUJBQW1CLEVBRXpCLE1BQU0sZUFBZSxDQUFDO0FBRXZCLE9BQU8sS0FBSyxFQUFFLGVBQWUsRUFBRSxNQUFNLGNBQWMsQ0FBQztBQUNwRCxPQUFPLEtBQUssRUFBRSwwQkFBMEIsRUFBRSxNQUFNLFlBQVksQ0FBQztBQUU3RCxNQUFNLFdBQVcsNkJBQTZCO0lBQzVDLE9BQU8sRUFBRSxlQUFlLENBQUM7SUFDekIsWUFBWSxFQUFFLFlBQVksQ0FBQztDQUM1QjtBQUVEOzs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7OztHQWNHO0FBQ0gscUJBQWEseUJBQXlCO0lBYWxDLE9BQU8sQ0FBQyxRQUFRLENBQUMsRUFBRTtJQUNuQixPQUFPLENBQUMsUUFBUSxDQUFDLE1BQU07SUFiekIsT0FBTyxDQUFDLFFBQVEsQ0FBQyxHQUFHLENBQVM7SUFDN0IsT0FBTyxDQUFDLFFBQVEsQ0FBQyxpQkFBaUIsQ0FBUztJQUMzQyxPQUFPLENBQUMsUUFBUSxDQUFDLGdCQUFnQixDQUFTO0lBQzFDLE9BQU8sQ0FBQyxRQUFRLENBQUMsbUJBQW1CLENBQVM7SUFFN0MsT0FBTyxDQUFDLFFBQVEsQ0FBQyxPQUFPLENBQWtCO0lBQzFDLE9BQU8sQ0FBQyxRQUFRLENBQUMsWUFBWSxDQUFlO0lBRTVDLE9BQU8sQ0FBQyxxQkFBcUIsQ0FBaUI7SUFDOUMsT0FBTyxDQUFDLHdCQUF3QixDQUFDLENBQVM7SUFFMUMsWUFDbUIsRUFBRSxFQUFFLDBCQUEwQixFQUM5QixNQUFNLEVBQUUsZ0JBQWdCLEVBQ3pDLElBQUksRUFBRSw2QkFBNkIsRUFXcEM7SUFFRDs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7T0FjRztJQUNHLGNBQWMsQ0FBQyxNQUFNLEVBQUUsb0JBQW9CLEdBQUcsT0FBTyxDQUFDLE1BQU0sQ0FBQyxDQXFFbEU7SUFFRDs7Ozs7O09BTUc7SUFDRyxhQUFhLENBQUMsTUFBTSxFQUFFLG1CQUFtQixHQUFHLE9BQU8sQ0FBQyxPQUFPLENBQUMsQ0EyQmpFO0lBRUQ7Ozs7OztPQU1HO0lBQ0csVUFBVSxDQUFDLE1BQU0sRUFBRSxnQkFBZ0IsR0FBRyxPQUFPLENBQUMsT0FBTyxDQUFDLENBd0IzRDtJQUVEOztPQUVHO0lBQ0gsSUFBSSxNQUFNLElBQUksTUFBTSxDQUVuQjtJQUVEOzs7T0FHRztJQUNIOzs7T0FHRztJQUNHLEtBQUssa0JBWVY7SUFFRDs7T0FFRztJQUNHLElBQUksa0JBR1Q7SUFFRDs7O09BR0c7SUFDRyxLQUFLLGtCQUdWO1lBTWEsT0FBTztDQStCdEIifQ==
+//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,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

package/dest/slashing_protection_service.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"slashing_protection_service.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/slashing_protection_service.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AASA,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,yBAAyB,CAAC;AAC5D,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAEjE,OAAO,EACL,KAAK,oBAAoB,EACzB,KAAK,gBAAgB,EAErB,KAAK,mBAAmB,EAEzB,MAAM,eAAe,CAAC;AAEvB,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM,cAAc,CAAC;AACpD,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AAE7D,MAAM,WAAW,6BAA6B;IAC5C,OAAO,EAAE,eAAe,CAAC;IACzB,YAAY,EAAE,YAAY,CAAC;CAC5B;AAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAcG;AACH,qBAAa,yBAAyB;IAalC,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE;IACnB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM;IAbzB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,GAAG,CAAS;IAC7B,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,iBAAiB,CAAS;IAC3C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,gBAAgB,CAAS;IAC1C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,mBAAmB,CAAS;IAE7C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,CAAkB;IAC1C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,YAAY,CAAe;IAE5C,OAAO,CAAC,qBAAqB,CAAiB;IAC9C,OAAO,CAAC,wBAAwB,CAAC,CAAS;IAE1C,YACmB,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,EAC9B,MAAM,EAAE,gBAAgB,EACzC,IAAI,EAAE,6BAA6B,EAWpC;IAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;OAcG;IACG,cAAc,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,oBAAoB,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,CAqElE;IAED;;;;;;OAMG;IACG,aAAa,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,mBAAmB,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CA2BjE;IAED;;;;;;OAMG;IACG,UAAU,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,gBAAgB,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAwB3D;IAED;;OAEG;IACH,IAAI,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,CAEnB;IAED;;;OAGG;IACH;;;OAGG;IACG,KAAK,kBAYV;IAED;;OAEG;IACG,IAAI,kBAGT;IAED;;;OAGG;IACG,KAAK,kBAGV;YAMa,OAAO;CA+BtB"}
+{"version":3,"file":"slashing_protection_service.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/slashing_protection_service.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AASA,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,yBAAyB,CAAC;AAC5D,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAEjE,OAAO,EACL,KAAK,oBAAoB,EACzB,KAAK,gBAAgB,EAErB,KAAK,mBAAmB,EAEzB,MAAM,eAAe,CAAC;AAEvB,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM,cAAc,CAAC;AACpD,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AAE7D,MAAM,WAAW,6BAA6B;IAC5C,OAAO,EAAE,eAAe,CAAC;IACzB,YAAY,EAAE,YAAY,CAAC;CAC5B;AAED,+GAA+G;AAC/G,eAAO,MAAM,+BAA+B,SAAU,CAAC;AAEvD;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAcG;AACH,qBAAa,yBAAyB;IAalC,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE;IACnB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM;IAbzB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,GAAG,CAAS;IAC7B,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,iBAAiB,CAAS;IAC3C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,oBAAoB,CAAS;IAC9C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,mBAAmB,CAAS;IAE7C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,CAAkB;IAC1C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,YAAY,CAAe;IAE5C,OAAO,CAAC,qBAAqB,CAAiB;IAC9C,OAAO,CAAC,wBAAwB,CAAC,CAAS;IAE1C,YACmB,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,EAC9B,MAAM,EAAE,gBAAgB,EACzC,IAAI,EAAE,6BAA6B,EAUpC;IAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;OAcG;IACG,cAAc,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,oBAAoB,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,CAqElE;IAED;;;;;;OAMG;IACG,aAAa,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,mBAAmB,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CA2BjE;IAED;;;;;;OAMG;IACG,UAAU,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,gBAAgB,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAwB3D;IAED;;OAEG;IACH,IAAI,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,CAEnB;IAED;;;OAGG;IACH;;;OAGG;IACG,KAAK,kBAYV;IAED;;OAEG;IACG,IAAI,kBAGT;IAED;;;OAGG;IACG,KAAK,kBAGV;YAMa,OAAO;CAkCtB"}

package/dest/slashing_protection_service.js

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { RunningPromise } from '@aztec/foundation/promise';
 import { sleep } from '@aztec/foundation/sleep';
 import { DutyStatus, getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier } from './db/types.js';
 import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
+/** Default max age (ms) of a stuck SIGNING duty before cleanup reclaims it: 2x the 72s Aztec slot duration. */ export const DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS = 144_000;
 /**
  * Slashing Protection Service
  *
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
     config;
     log;
     pollingIntervalMs;
-    signingTimeoutMs;
+    peerSigningTimeoutMs;
     maxStuckDutiesAgeMs;
     metrics;
     dateProvider;
@@ -38,9 +39,8 @@ import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
         this.config = config;
         this.log = createLogger('slashing-protection');
         this.pollingIntervalMs = config.pollingIntervalMs;
-        this.signingTimeoutMs = config.signingTimeoutMs;
-        // Default to 144s (2x 72s Aztec slot duration) if not explicitly configured
-        this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs = config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? 144_000;
+        this.peerSigningTimeoutMs = config.peerSigningTimeoutMs;
+        this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs = config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS;
         this.cleanupRunningPromise = new RunningPromise(this.cleanup.bind(this), this.log, this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs);
         this.metrics = deps.metrics;
         this.dateProvider = deps.dateProvider;
@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
                 throw new DutyAlreadySignedError(slot, dutyType, record.blockIndexWithinCheckpoint, record.nodeId);
             } else if (record.status === DutyStatus.SIGNING) {
                 // Another node is currently signing - check for timeout
-                if (this.dateProvider.now() - startTime > this.signingTimeoutMs) {
+                if (this.dateProvider.now() - startTime > this.peerSigningTimeoutMs) {
                     this.log.warn(`Timeout waiting for signing to complete for duty ${dutyType} at slot ${slot}`, {
                         validatorAddress: validatorAddress.toString(),
-                        timeoutMs: this.signingTimeoutMs,
+                        timeoutMs: this.peerSigningTimeoutMs,
                         signingNodeId: record.nodeId
                     });
                     this.metrics.recordDutyAlreadySigned(dutyType);
@@ -205,7 +205,10 @@ import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
    * Periodic cleanup of stuck duties and optionally old signed duties.
    * Runs in the background via RunningPromise.
    */ async cleanup() {
-        // 1. Clean up stuck duties (our own node's duties that got stuck in 'signing' status)
+        // 1. Clean up stuck duties (our own node's duties that got stuck in 'signing' status).
+        // This cannot race an in-flight signing: every signing operation is hard-bounded by a timeout
+        // clamped below maxStuckDutiesAgeMs / 2 (see ValidatorHASigner), so a live SIGNING row is
+        // always released long before it can be considered stuck.
         const numStuckDuties = await this.db.cleanupOwnStuckDuties(this.config.nodeId, this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs);
         if (numStuckDuties > 0) {
             this.log.verbose(`Cleaned up ${numStuckDuties} stuck duties`, {

package/dest/validator_ha_signer.d.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import type { Buffer32 } from '@aztec/foundation/buffer';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { Signature } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-signature';
-import type { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+import { type DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import { type BaseSignerConfig, type HAProtectedSigningContext } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
 import type { HASignerMetrics } from './metrics.js';
 import type { SlashingProtectionDatabase } from './types.js';
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ export declare class ValidatorHASigner {
     private readonly rollupAddress;
     private readonly dateProvider;
     private readonly metrics;
+    private readonly signerCallTimeoutMs;
     constructor(db: SlashingProtectionDatabase, config: BaseSignerConfig, deps: ValidatorHASignerDeps);
     /**
      * Sign a message with slashing protection.
@@ -76,4 +77,4 @@ export declare class ValidatorHASigner {
      */
     stop(): Promise<void>;
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,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
+//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,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

package/dest/validator_ha_signer.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"validator_ha_signer.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/validator_ha_signer.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AACzD,OAAO,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,+BAA+B,CAAC;AAC3D,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,iCAAiC,CAAC;AAEjE,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,yBAAyB,CAAC;AAC5D,OAAO,EACL,KAAK,gBAAgB,EAErB,KAAK,yBAAyB,EAG/B,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAGlC,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM,cAAc,CAAC;AAEpD,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AAE7D,MAAM,WAAW,qBAAqB;IACpC,OAAO,EAAE,eAAe,CAAC;IACzB,YAAY,EAAE,YAAY,CAAC;CAC5B;AAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAkBG;AACH,qBAAa,iBAAiB;IAU1B,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM;IATzB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,GAAG,CAAS;IAC7B,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,kBAAkB,CAA4B;IAC/D,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,aAAa,CAAa;IAE3C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,YAAY,CAAe;IAC5C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,CAAkB;IAE1C,YACE,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,EACb,MAAM,EAAE,gBAAgB,EACzC,IAAI,EAAE,qBAAqB,EAmB5B;IAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;OAgBG;IACG,kBAAkB,CACtB,gBAAgB,EAAE,UAAU,EAC5B,WAAW,EAAE,QAAQ,EACrB,OAAO,EAAE,yBAAyB,EAClC,MAAM,EAAE,CAAC,WAAW,EAAE,QAAQ,KAAK,OAAO,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,GACpD,OAAO,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,CAyDpB;IAED;;OAEG;IACH,IAAI,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,CAEnB;IAED;;;OAGG;IACG,KAAK,kBAEV;IAED;;;OAGG;IACG,IAAI,kBAGT;CACF"}
+{"version":3,"file":"validator_ha_signer.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/validator_ha_signer.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AACzD,OAAO,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,+BAA+B,CAAC;AAC3D,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,iCAAiC,CAAC;AAEjE,OAAO,EAAE,KAAK,YAAY,EAAkB,MAAM,yBAAyB,CAAC;AAC5E,OAAO,EACL,KAAK,gBAAgB,EAErB,KAAK,yBAAyB,EAG/B,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAIlC,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM,cAAc,CAAC;AAEpD,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AAE7D,MAAM,WAAW,qBAAqB;IACpC,OAAO,EAAE,eAAe,CAAC;IACzB,YAAY,EAAE,YAAY,CAAC;CAC5B;AAKD;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAkBG;AACH,qBAAa,iBAAiB;IAW1B,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM;IAVzB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,GAAG,CAAS;IAC7B,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,kBAAkB,CAA4B;IAC/D,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,aAAa,CAAa;IAE3C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,YAAY,CAAe;IAC5C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,CAAkB;IAC1C,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,mBAAmB,CAAS;IAE7C,YACE,EAAE,EAAE,0BAA0B,EACb,MAAM,EAAE,gBAAgB,EACzC,IAAI,EAAE,qBAAqB,EAiC5B;IAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;OAgBG;IACG,kBAAkB,CACtB,gBAAgB,EAAE,UAAU,EAC5B,WAAW,EAAE,QAAQ,EACrB,OAAO,EAAE,yBAAyB,EAClC,MAAM,EAAE,CAAC,WAAW,EAAE,QAAQ,KAAK,OAAO,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,GACpD,OAAO,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,CA2EpB;IAED;;OAEG;IACH,IAAI,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,CAEnB;IAED;;;OAGG;IACG,KAAK,kBAEV;IAED;;;OAGG;IACG,IAAI,kBAGT;CACF"}

package/dest/validator_ha_signer.js

@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@
  * This ensures that even with multiple validator nodes running, only one
  * node will sign for a given duty (slot + duty type).
  */ import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { executeTimeout } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import { DutyType, getBlockNumberFromSigningContext, getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContext } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
-import { SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
+import { SigningLockLostError } from './errors.js';
+import { DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS, SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
+/** Default hard timeout (ms) for a single signer call when not configured. */ const DEFAULT_SIGNER_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
 /**
  * Validator High Availability Signer
  *
@@ -32,11 +35,20 @@ import { SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
     rollupAddress;
     dateProvider;
     metrics;
+    signerCallTimeoutMs;
     constructor(db, config, deps){
         this.config = config;
         this.log = createLogger('validator-ha-signer');
         this.metrics = deps.metrics;
         this.dateProvider = deps.dateProvider;
+        // Clamp the signer-call timeout below half the stuck-duty max age. This maintains the
+        // invariant that an in-flight signing always times out and releases its SIGNING row well before
+        // stuck-duty cleanup could consider it stuck, so cleanup can never delete a live duty (only
+        // signWithProtection writes SIGNING rows, and every path through it is bounded by this timeout).
+        // If timers misbehave anyway, the recordSuccess-returns-false throw is the backstop: the duty
+        // fails instead of broadcasting an unprotected signature.
+        const maxStuckDutiesAgeMs = config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS;
+        this.signerCallTimeoutMs = Math.min(config.signerCallTimeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_SIGNER_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS, maxStuckDutiesAgeMs / 2);
         if (!config.nodeId || config.nodeId === '') {
             throw new Error('NODE_ID is required for high-availability setups');
         }
@@ -47,7 +59,8 @@ import { SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
         });
         this.log.info('Validator HA Signer initialized with slashing protection', {
             nodeId: config.nodeId,
-            rollupAddress: this.rollupAddress.toString()
+            rollupAddress: this.rollupAddress.toString(),
+            signerCallTimeoutMs: this.signerCallTimeoutMs
         });
     }
     /**
@@ -97,10 +110,12 @@ import { SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
             messageHash: messageHash.toString(),
             nodeId: this.config.nodeId
         });
-        // Perform signing
+        // Perform signing under a hard timeout. If the signer hangs, executeTimeout aborts and rejects;
+        // the orphaned signFn promise resolving later is discarded (never broadcast). A timeout takes the
+        // same failure path as any signing error: release the lock so the duty can be retried safely.
         let signature;
         try {
-            signature = await signFn(messageHash);
+            signature = await executeTimeout(()=>signFn(messageHash), this.signerCallTimeoutMs, ()=>new Error(`Signing operation for ${dutyType} at slot ${context.slot} timed out after ` + `${this.signerCallTimeoutMs}ms`));
         } catch (error) {
             // Delete duty to allow retry (only succeeds if we own the lock)
             await this.slashingProtection.deleteDuty({
@@ -110,13 +125,21 @@ import { SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
             this.metrics.recordSigningError(dutyType);
             throw error;
         }
-        // Record success (only succeeds if we own the lock)
-        await this.slashingProtection.recordSuccess({
+        // Record success (only succeeds if we still own the lock).
+        // A false result means our SIGNING row is gone or no longer ours (e.g. deleted by stuck-duty
+        // cleanup while signing was slow). We must not broadcast this signature: without a protection
+        // record, a later attempt for the same duty with different data would sign freely (slashable).
+        // Do not delete the duty here - we no longer own it, and another node may legitimately hold it.
+        const recorded = await this.slashingProtection.recordSuccess({
             ...dutyIdentifier,
             signature,
             nodeId: this.config.nodeId,
             lockToken
         });
+        if (!recorded) {
+            this.metrics.recordSigningError(dutyType);
+            throw new SigningLockLostError(context.slot, dutyType, this.config.nodeId);
+        }
         const duration = this.dateProvider.now() - startTime;
         this.metrics.recordSigningSuccess(dutyType, duration);
         return signature;

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@aztec/validator-ha-signer",
-  "version": "5.0.0-rc.2",
+  "version": "5.0.1",
   "type": "module",
   "exports": {
     "./db": "./dest/db/index.js",
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@
     ]
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@aztec/ethereum": "5.0.0-rc.2",
-    "@aztec/foundation": "5.0.0-rc.2",
-    "@aztec/kv-store": "5.0.0-rc.2",
-    "@aztec/stdlib": "5.0.0-rc.2",
-    "@aztec/telemetry-client": "5.0.0-rc.2",
+    "@aztec/ethereum": "5.0.1",
+    "@aztec/foundation": "5.0.1",
+    "@aztec/kv-store": "5.0.1",
+    "@aztec/stdlib": "5.0.1",
+    "@aztec/telemetry-client": "5.0.1",
     "node-pg-migrate": "^8.0.4",
     "pg": "^8.11.3",
     "tslib": "^2.4.0",

package/src/errors.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,27 @@ export class DutyAlreadySignedError extends Error {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Thrown when the slashing-protection record for an in-flight signing operation can no longer be
+ * updated because it is no longer owned by this node - for example, the stuck-duty cleanup loop
+ * deleted the SIGNING row while the remote signer was slow. The produced signature must be
+ * discarded rather than broadcast: with no protection record in place, a later attempt for the
+ * same duty with different data would sign freely, which is slashable equivocation.
+ */
+export class SigningLockLostError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly slot: SlotNumber,
+    public readonly dutyType: DutyType,
+    public readonly nodeId: string,
+  ) {
+    super(
+      `Slashing protection record for ${dutyType} at slot ${slot} was lost before signing completed ` +
+        `(node ${nodeId}); discarding signature`,
+    );
+    this.name = 'SigningLockLostError';
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Thrown when attempting to sign data that conflicts with an already-signed duty.
  * This means the same validator tried to sign DIFFERENT data for the same slot.

package/src/factory.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Factory functions for creating validator HA signers
  */
+import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import { createStore } from '@aztec/kv-store/lmdb-v2';
 import type { LocalSignerConfig, ValidatorHASignerConfig } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ import { ValidatorHASigner } from './validator_ha_signer.js';
  *   databaseUrl: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
  *   nodeId: 'validator-node-1',
  *   pollingIntervalMs: 100,
- *   signingTimeoutMs: 3000,
+ *   peerSigningTimeoutMs: 3000,
  * });
  * signer.start(); // Start background cleanup
  *
@@ -79,6 +80,16 @@ export async function createHASigner(
     pool = deps.pool;
   }
 
+  // pg re-emits idle-client errors (e.g. a Postgres restart severing an idle connection) on the
+  // pool. Without an 'error' listener, Node escalates these to an uncaughtException and crashes the
+  // process - taking down every HA replica sharing the DB at once. pg destroys and replaces the
+  // errored client itself, so logging is the only action needed. Log just message/code, never the
+  // raw error object (it can carry connection metadata).
+  const log = createLogger('validator-ha-signer:factory');
+  pool.on('error', (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException) => {
+    log.warn('Postgres pool error on idle client', { message: err.message, code: err.code });
+  });
+
   // Create database instance
   const db = new PostgresSlashingProtectionDatabase(pool);
 
@@ -101,9 +112,10 @@ export async function createHASigner(
  * high-availability (multi-node) setup. It prevents a proposer from sending two
  * proposals for the same slot if the node crashes and restarts mid-proposal.
  *
- * When `config.dataDirectory` is set, the protection database is persisted to disk
- * and survives crashes/restarts. When unset, an ephemeral in-memory store is
- * used which protects within a single run but not across restarts.
+ * `config.dataDirectory` is required so the protection database is persisted to disk and survives
+ * crashes/restarts. Booting without it throws, since an ephemeral store silently drops all
+ * double-signing protection across restarts. Set `config.allowEphemeralSigningProtection` to opt
+ * into the ephemeral store anyway (dev/test networks only) — a loud warning is logged in that case.
  *
  * @param config - Local signer config
  * @param deps - Optional dependencies (telemetry, date provider).
@@ -119,6 +131,22 @@ export async function createLocalSignerWithProtection(
   const telemetryClient = deps?.telemetryClient ?? getTelemetryClient();
   const dateProvider = deps?.dateProvider ?? new DateProvider();
 
+  const log = createLogger('validator-ha-signer:factory');
+
+  if (!config.dataDirectory) {
+    if (!config.allowEphemeralSigningProtection) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Local signing protection requires a persistent data directory, but none was configured. ' +
+          'Set DATA_DIRECTORY so double-signing protection survives restarts, or explicitly opt into an ' +
+          'ephemeral store (dev/test only) with VALIDATOR_ALLOW_EPHEMERAL_SIGNING_PROTECTION=true.',
+      );
+    }
+    log.warn(
+      'Local signing protection is running with an EPHEMERAL store: no data directory is configured. ' +
+        'Double-signing protection will NOT survive a restart. This is unsafe for production validators.',
+    );
+  }
+
   const kvStore = await createStore(
     'signing-protection',
     LmdbSlashingProtectionDatabase.SCHEMA_VERSION,
@@ -137,6 +165,7 @@ export async function createLocalSignerWithProtection(
           config.signingProtectionMapSizeKb ?? config.dataStoreMapSizeKb,
         ),
       schemaVersionMismatchPolicy: 'throw',
+      versionFileReadFailurePolicy: 'throw',
     },
   );
 
@@ -175,7 +204,7 @@ export function createSignerFromSharedDb(
   db: SlashingProtectionDatabase,
   config: Pick<
     ValidatorHASignerConfig,
-    'nodeId' | 'pollingIntervalMs' | 'signingTimeoutMs' | 'maxStuckDutiesAgeMs' | 'rollupAddress'
+    'nodeId' | 'pollingIntervalMs' | 'peerSigningTimeoutMs' | 'maxStuckDutiesAgeMs' | 'rollupAddress'
   >,
   deps?: CreateLocalSignerWithProtectionDeps,
 ): { signer: ValidatorHASigner; db: SlashingProtectionDatabase } {

package/src/slashing_protection_service.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ export interface SlashingProtectionServiceDeps {
   dateProvider: DateProvider;
 }
 
+/** Default max age (ms) of a stuck SIGNING duty before cleanup reclaims it: 2x the 72s Aztec slot duration. */
+export const DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS = 144_000;
+
 /**
  * Slashing Protection Service
  *
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ export interface SlashingProtectionServiceDeps {
 export class SlashingProtectionService {
   private readonly log: Logger;
   private readonly pollingIntervalMs: number;
-  private readonly signingTimeoutMs: number;
+  private readonly peerSigningTimeoutMs: number;
   private readonly maxStuckDutiesAgeMs: number;
 
   private readonly metrics: HASignerMetrics;
@@ -60,9 +63,8 @@ export class SlashingProtectionService {
   ) {
     this.log = createLogger('slashing-protection');
     this.pollingIntervalMs = config.pollingIntervalMs;
-    this.signingTimeoutMs = config.signingTimeoutMs;
-    // Default to 144s (2x 72s Aztec slot duration) if not explicitly configured
-    this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs = config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? 144_000;
+    this.peerSigningTimeoutMs = config.peerSigningTimeoutMs;
+    this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs = config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS;
 
     this.cleanupRunningPromise = new RunningPromise(this.cleanup.bind(this), this.log, this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs);
     this.metrics = deps.metrics;
@@ -132,10 +134,10 @@ export class SlashingProtectionService {
         throw new DutyAlreadySignedError(slot, dutyType, record.blockIndexWithinCheckpoint, record.nodeId);
       } else if (record.status === DutyStatus.SIGNING) {
         // Another node is currently signing - check for timeout
-        if (this.dateProvider.now() - startTime > this.signingTimeoutMs) {
+        if (this.dateProvider.now() - startTime > this.peerSigningTimeoutMs) {
           this.log.warn(`Timeout waiting for signing to complete for duty ${dutyType} at slot ${slot}`, {
             validatorAddress: validatorAddress.toString(),
-            timeoutMs: this.signingTimeoutMs,
+            timeoutMs: this.peerSigningTimeoutMs,
             signingNodeId: record.nodeId,
           });
           this.metrics.recordDutyAlreadySigned(dutyType);
@@ -275,7 +277,10 @@ export class SlashingProtectionService {
    * Runs in the background via RunningPromise.
    */
   private async cleanup() {
-    // 1. Clean up stuck duties (our own node's duties that got stuck in 'signing' status)
+    // 1. Clean up stuck duties (our own node's duties that got stuck in 'signing' status).
+    // This cannot race an in-flight signing: every signing operation is hard-bounded by a timeout
+    // clamped below maxStuckDutiesAgeMs / 2 (see ValidatorHASigner), so a live SIGNING row is
+    // always released long before it can be considered stuck.
     const numStuckDuties = await this.db.cleanupOwnStuckDuties(this.config.nodeId, this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs);
     if (numStuckDuties > 0) {
       this.log.verbose(`Cleaned up ${numStuckDuties} stuck duties`, {

package/src/validator_ha_signer.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import type { Buffer32 } from '@aztec/foundation/buffer';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { Signature } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-signature';
 import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
-import type { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+import { type DateProvider, executeTimeout } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import {
   type BaseSignerConfig,
   DutyType,
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ import {
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
 
 import type { DutyIdentifier } from './db/types.js';
+import { SigningLockLostError } from './errors.js';
 import type { HASignerMetrics } from './metrics.js';
-import { SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
+import { DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS, SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
 import type { SlashingProtectionDatabase } from './types.js';
 
 export interface ValidatorHASignerDeps {
@@ -28,6 +29,9 @@ export interface ValidatorHASignerDeps {
   dateProvider: DateProvider;
 }
 
+/** Default hard timeout (ms) for a single signer call when not configured. */
+const DEFAULT_SIGNER_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
 /**
  * Validator High Availability Signer
  *
@@ -54,6 +58,7 @@ export class ValidatorHASigner {
 
   private readonly dateProvider: DateProvider;
   private readonly metrics: HASignerMetrics;
+  private readonly signerCallTimeoutMs: number;
 
   constructor(
     db: SlashingProtectionDatabase,
@@ -65,6 +70,18 @@ export class ValidatorHASigner {
     this.metrics = deps.metrics;
     this.dateProvider = deps.dateProvider;
 
+    // Clamp the signer-call timeout below half the stuck-duty max age. This maintains the
+    // invariant that an in-flight signing always times out and releases its SIGNING row well before
+    // stuck-duty cleanup could consider it stuck, so cleanup can never delete a live duty (only
+    // signWithProtection writes SIGNING rows, and every path through it is bounded by this timeout).
+    // If timers misbehave anyway, the recordSuccess-returns-false throw is the backstop: the duty
+    // fails instead of broadcasting an unprotected signature.
+    const maxStuckDutiesAgeMs = config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS;
+    this.signerCallTimeoutMs = Math.min(
+      config.signerCallTimeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_SIGNER_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS,
+      maxStuckDutiesAgeMs / 2,
+    );
+
     if (!config.nodeId || config.nodeId === '') {
       throw new Error('NODE_ID is required for high-availability setups');
     }
@@ -73,9 +90,11 @@ export class ValidatorHASigner {
       metrics: deps.metrics,
       dateProvider: deps.dateProvider,
     });
+
     this.log.info('Validator HA Signer initialized with slashing protection', {
       nodeId: config.nodeId,
       rollupAddress: this.rollupAddress.toString(),
+      signerCallTimeoutMs: this.signerCallTimeoutMs,
     });
   }
 
@@ -135,10 +154,20 @@ export class ValidatorHASigner {
       nodeId: this.config.nodeId,
     });
 
-    // Perform signing
+    // Perform signing under a hard timeout. If the signer hangs, executeTimeout aborts and rejects;
+    // the orphaned signFn promise resolving later is discarded (never broadcast). A timeout takes the
+    // same failure path as any signing error: release the lock so the duty can be retried safely.
     let signature: Signature;
     try {
-      signature = await signFn(messageHash);
+      signature = await executeTimeout(
+        () => signFn(messageHash),
+        this.signerCallTimeoutMs,
+        () =>
+          new Error(
+            `Signing operation for ${dutyType} at slot ${context.slot} timed out after ` +
+              `${this.signerCallTimeoutMs}ms`,
+          ),
+      );
     } catch (error: any) {
       // Delete duty to allow retry (only succeeds if we own the lock)
       await this.slashingProtection.deleteDuty({ ...dutyIdentifier, lockToken });
@@ -146,13 +175,21 @@ export class ValidatorHASigner {
       throw error;
     }
 
-    // Record success (only succeeds if we own the lock)
-    await this.slashingProtection.recordSuccess({
+    // Record success (only succeeds if we still own the lock).
+    // A false result means our SIGNING row is gone or no longer ours (e.g. deleted by stuck-duty
+    // cleanup while signing was slow). We must not broadcast this signature: without a protection
+    // record, a later attempt for the same duty with different data would sign freely (slashable).
+    // Do not delete the duty here - we no longer own it, and another node may legitimately hold it.
+    const recorded = await this.slashingProtection.recordSuccess({
       ...dutyIdentifier,
       signature,
       nodeId: this.config.nodeId,
       lockToken,
     });
+    if (!recorded) {
+      this.metrics.recordSigningError(dutyType);
+      throw new SigningLockLostError(context.slot, dutyType, this.config.nodeId);
+    }
 
     const duration = this.dateProvider.now() - startTime;
     this.metrics.recordSigningSuccess(dutyType, duration);