@aztec/validator-ha-signer 0.0.1-commit.f504929 → 0.0.1-commit.f5a9928

package/dest/slashing_protection_service.js

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { RunningPromise } from '@aztec/foundation/promise';
 import { sleep } from '@aztec/foundation/sleep';
 import { DutyStatus, getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier } from './db/types.js';
 import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
+/** Default max age (ms) of a stuck SIGNING duty before cleanup reclaims it: 2x the 72s Aztec slot duration. */ export const DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS = 144_000;
 /**
  * Slashing Protection Service
  *
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
     config;
     log;
     pollingIntervalMs;
-    signingTimeoutMs;
+    peerSigningTimeoutMs;
     maxStuckDutiesAgeMs;
     metrics;
     dateProvider;
@@ -38,9 +39,8 @@ import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
         this.config = config;
         this.log = createLogger('slashing-protection');
         this.pollingIntervalMs = config.pollingIntervalMs;
-        this.signingTimeoutMs = config.signingTimeoutMs;
-        // Default to 144s (2x 72s Aztec slot duration) if not explicitly configured
-        this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs = config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? 144_000;
+        this.peerSigningTimeoutMs = config.peerSigningTimeoutMs;
+        this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs = config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS;
         this.cleanupRunningPromise = new RunningPromise(this.cleanup.bind(this), this.log, this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs);
         this.metrics = deps.metrics;
         this.dateProvider = deps.dateProvider;
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
             const { isNew, record } = await this.db.tryInsertOrGetExisting(params);
             if (isNew) {
                 // We successfully acquired the lock
-                this.log.info(`Acquired lock for duty ${dutyType} at slot ${slot}`, {
+                this.log.verbose(`Acquired lock for duty ${dutyType} at slot ${slot}`, {
                     validatorAddress: validatorAddress.toString(),
                     nodeId
                 });
@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
                 throw new DutyAlreadySignedError(slot, dutyType, record.blockIndexWithinCheckpoint, record.nodeId);
             } else if (record.status === DutyStatus.SIGNING) {
                 // Another node is currently signing - check for timeout
-                if (this.dateProvider.now() - startTime > this.signingTimeoutMs) {
+                if (this.dateProvider.now() - startTime > this.peerSigningTimeoutMs) {
                     this.log.warn(`Timeout waiting for signing to complete for duty ${dutyType} at slot ${slot}`, {
                         validatorAddress: validatorAddress.toString(),
-                        timeoutMs: this.signingTimeoutMs,
+                        timeoutMs: this.peerSigningTimeoutMs,
                         signingNodeId: record.nodeId
                     });
                     this.metrics.recordDutyAlreadySigned(dutyType);
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
         const blockIndexWithinCheckpoint = getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier(params);
         const success = await this.db.updateDutySigned(rollupAddress, validatorAddress, slot, dutyType, signature.toString(), lockToken, blockIndexWithinCheckpoint);
         if (success) {
-            this.log.info(`Recorded successful signing for duty ${dutyType} at slot ${slot}`, {
+            this.log.verbose(`Recorded successful signing for duty ${dutyType} at slot ${slot}`, {
                 validatorAddress: validatorAddress.toString(),
                 nodeId
             });
@@ -174,10 +174,10 @@ import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
    * Also performs one-time cleanup of duties with outdated rollup addresses.
    */ async start() {
         // One-time cleanup at startup: remove duties from previous rollup versions
-        const numOutdatedRollupDuties = await this.db.cleanupOutdatedRollupDuties(this.config.l1Contracts.rollupAddress);
+        const numOutdatedRollupDuties = await this.db.cleanupOutdatedRollupDuties(this.config.rollupAddress);
         if (numOutdatedRollupDuties > 0) {
             this.log.info(`Cleaned up ${numOutdatedRollupDuties} duties with outdated rollup address at startup`, {
-                currentRollupAddress: this.config.l1Contracts.rollupAddress.toString()
+                currentRollupAddress: this.config.rollupAddress.toString()
             });
             this.metrics.recordCleanup('outdated_rollup', numOutdatedRollupDuties);
         }
@@ -205,7 +205,10 @@ import { DutyAlreadySignedError, SlashingProtectionError } from './errors.js';
    * Periodic cleanup of stuck duties and optionally old signed duties.
    * Runs in the background via RunningPromise.
    */ async cleanup() {
-        // 1. Clean up stuck duties (our own node's duties that got stuck in 'signing' status)
+        // 1. Clean up stuck duties (our own node's duties that got stuck in 'signing' status).
+        // This cannot race an in-flight signing: every signing operation is hard-bounded by a timeout
+        // clamped below maxStuckDutiesAgeMs / 2 (see ValidatorHASigner), so a live SIGNING row is
+        // always released long before it can be considered stuck.
         const numStuckDuties = await this.db.cleanupOwnStuckDuties(this.config.nodeId, this.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs);
         if (numStuckDuties > 0) {
             this.log.verbose(`Cleaned up ${numStuckDuties} stuck duties`, {

package/dest/types.d.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 import { SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
-import { DutyType, type HAProtectedSigningContext, type SigningContext, type ValidatorHASignerConfig, getBlockNumberFromSigningContext as getBlockNumberFromSigningContextFromStdlib, isHAProtectedContext } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
+import { type AttestationSigningContext, type CheckpointProposalSigningContext, DutyType, type HAProtectedSigningContext, type SigningContext, type ValidatorHASignerConfig, getBlockNumberFromSigningContext as getBlockNumberFromSigningContextFromStdlib, getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContext as getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContextFromStdlib, isHAProtectedContext } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
 import type { TelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 import type { Pool } from 'pg';
 import type { BlockProposalDutyIdentifier, CheckAndRecordParams, DeleteDutyParams, DutyIdentifier, DutyRow, OtherDutyIdentifier, RecordSuccessParams, ValidatorDutyRecord } from './db/types.js';
-export type { BlockProposalDutyIdentifier, CheckAndRecordParams, DeleteDutyParams, DutyIdentifier, DutyRow, HAProtectedSigningContext, OtherDutyIdentifier, RecordSuccessParams, SigningContext, ValidatorDutyRecord, ValidatorHASignerConfig, };
+export type { AttestationSigningContext, BlockProposalDutyIdentifier, CheckAndRecordParams, CheckpointProposalSigningContext, DeleteDutyParams, DutyIdentifier, DutyRow, HAProtectedSigningContext, OtherDutyIdentifier, RecordSuccessParams, SigningContext, ValidatorDutyRecord, ValidatorHASignerConfig, };
 export { DutyStatus, DutyType, getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier, normalizeBlockIndex } from './db/types.js';
 export { isHAProtectedContext };
 export { getBlockNumberFromSigningContextFromStdlib as getBlockNumberFromSigningContext };
+export { getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContextFromStdlib as getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContext };
 /**
  * Result of tryInsertOrGetExisting operation
  */
@@ -36,6 +37,10 @@ export interface CreateHASignerDeps {
      */
     dateProvider?: DateProvider;
 }
+/**
+ * deps for creating a local signing protection signer
+ */
+export type CreateLocalSignerWithProtectionDeps = Omit<CreateHASignerDeps, 'pool'>;
 /**
  * Database interface for slashing protection operations
  * This abstraction allows for different database implementations (PostgreSQL, SQLite, etc.)
@@ -92,4 +97,4 @@ export interface SlashingProtectionDatabase {
      */
     close(): Promise<void>;
 }
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package/dest/types.js

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import { getBlockNumberFromSigningContext as getBlockNumberFromSigningContextFromStdlib, isHAProtectedContext } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
+import { getBlockNumberFromSigningContext as getBlockNumberFromSigningContextFromStdlib, getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContext as getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContextFromStdlib, isHAProtectedContext } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
 export { DutyStatus, DutyType, getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier, normalizeBlockIndex } from './db/types.js';
 export { isHAProtectedContext };
 export { getBlockNumberFromSigningContextFromStdlib as getBlockNumberFromSigningContext };
+export { getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContextFromStdlib as getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContext };

package/dest/validator_ha_signer.d.ts

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 import type { Buffer32 } from '@aztec/foundation/buffer';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { Signature } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-signature';
-import type { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
-import { type HAProtectedSigningContext, type ValidatorHASignerConfig } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
+import { type DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+import { type BaseSignerConfig, type HAProtectedSigningContext } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
 import type { HASignerMetrics } from './metrics.js';
 import type { SlashingProtectionDatabase } from './types.js';
 export interface ValidatorHASignerDeps {
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ export declare class ValidatorHASigner {
     private readonly rollupAddress;
     private readonly dateProvider;
     private readonly metrics;
-    constructor(db: SlashingProtectionDatabase, config: ValidatorHASignerConfig, deps: ValidatorHASignerDeps);
+    private readonly signerCallTimeoutMs;
+    constructor(db: SlashingProtectionDatabase, config: BaseSignerConfig, deps: ValidatorHASignerDeps);
     /**
      * Sign a message with slashing protection.
      *
@@ -76,4 +77,4 @@ export declare class ValidatorHASigner {
      */
     stop(): Promise<void>;
 }
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package/dest/validator_ha_signer.d.ts.map

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package/dest/validator_ha_signer.js

@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@
  * This ensures that even with multiple validator nodes running, only one
  * node will sign for a given duty (slot + duty type).
  */ import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
-import { DutyType, getBlockNumberFromSigningContext } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
-import { SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
+import { executeTimeout } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+import { DutyType, getBlockNumberFromSigningContext, getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContext } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
+import { SigningLockLostError } from './errors.js';
+import { DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS, SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
+/** Default hard timeout (ms) for a single signer call when not configured. */ const DEFAULT_SIGNER_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
 /**
  * Validator High Availability Signer
  *
@@ -32,26 +35,32 @@ import { SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
     rollupAddress;
     dateProvider;
     metrics;
+    signerCallTimeoutMs;
     constructor(db, config, deps){
         this.config = config;
         this.log = createLogger('validator-ha-signer');
         this.metrics = deps.metrics;
         this.dateProvider = deps.dateProvider;
-        if (!config.haSigningEnabled) {
-            // this shouldn't happen, the validator should use different signer for non-HA setups
-            throw new Error('Validator HA Signer is not enabled in config');
-        }
+        // Clamp the signer-call timeout below half the stuck-duty max age. This maintains the
+        // invariant that an in-flight signing always times out and releases its SIGNING row well before
+        // stuck-duty cleanup could consider it stuck, so cleanup can never delete a live duty (only
+        // signWithProtection writes SIGNING rows, and every path through it is bounded by this timeout).
+        // If timers misbehave anyway, the recordSuccess-returns-false throw is the backstop: the duty
+        // fails instead of broadcasting an unprotected signature.
+        const maxStuckDutiesAgeMs = config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? DEFAULT_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS;
+        this.signerCallTimeoutMs = Math.min(config.signerCallTimeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_SIGNER_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS, maxStuckDutiesAgeMs / 2);
         if (!config.nodeId || config.nodeId === '') {
             throw new Error('NODE_ID is required for high-availability setups');
         }
-        this.rollupAddress = config.l1Contracts.rollupAddress;
+        this.rollupAddress = config.rollupAddress;
         this.slashingProtection = new SlashingProtectionService(db, config, {
             metrics: deps.metrics,
             dateProvider: deps.dateProvider
         });
         this.log.info('Validator HA Signer initialized with slashing protection', {
             nodeId: config.nodeId,
-            rollupAddress: this.rollupAddress.toString()
+            rollupAddress: this.rollupAddress.toString(),
+            signerCallTimeoutMs: this.signerCallTimeoutMs
         });
     }
     /**
@@ -93,16 +102,20 @@ import { SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
         // Acquire lock and get the token for ownership verification
         // DutyAlreadySignedError and SlashingProtectionError may be thrown here and are recorded in the service
         const blockNumber = getBlockNumberFromSigningContext(context);
+        const checkpointNumber = getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContext(context);
         const lockToken = await this.slashingProtection.checkAndRecord({
             ...dutyIdentifier,
             blockNumber,
+            checkpointNumber,
             messageHash: messageHash.toString(),
             nodeId: this.config.nodeId
         });
-        // Perform signing
+        // Perform signing under a hard timeout. If the signer hangs, executeTimeout aborts and rejects;
+        // the orphaned signFn promise resolving later is discarded (never broadcast). A timeout takes the
+        // same failure path as any signing error: release the lock so the duty can be retried safely.
         let signature;
         try {
-            signature = await signFn(messageHash);
+            signature = await executeTimeout(()=>signFn(messageHash), this.signerCallTimeoutMs, ()=>new Error(`Signing operation for ${dutyType} at slot ${context.slot} timed out after ` + `${this.signerCallTimeoutMs}ms`));
         } catch (error) {
             // Delete duty to allow retry (only succeeds if we own the lock)
             await this.slashingProtection.deleteDuty({
@@ -112,13 +125,21 @@ import { SlashingProtectionService } from './slashing_protection_service.js';
             this.metrics.recordSigningError(dutyType);
             throw error;
         }
-        // Record success (only succeeds if we own the lock)
-        await this.slashingProtection.recordSuccess({
+        // Record success (only succeeds if we still own the lock).
+        // A false result means our SIGNING row is gone or no longer ours (e.g. deleted by stuck-duty
+        // cleanup while signing was slow). We must not broadcast this signature: without a protection
+        // record, a later attempt for the same duty with different data would sign freely (slashable).
+        // Do not delete the duty here - we no longer own it, and another node may legitimately hold it.
+        const recorded = await this.slashingProtection.recordSuccess({
             ...dutyIdentifier,
             signature,
             nodeId: this.config.nodeId,
             lockToken
         });
+        if (!recorded) {
+            this.metrics.recordSigningError(dutyType);
+            throw new SigningLockLostError(context.slot, dutyType, this.config.nodeId);
+        }
         const duration = this.dateProvider.now() - startTime;
         this.metrics.recordSigningSuccess(dutyType, duration);
         return signature;

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@aztec/validator-ha-signer",
-  "version": "0.0.1-commit.f504929",
+  "version": "0.0.1-commit.f5a9928",
   "type": "module",
   "exports": {
     "./db": "./dest/db/index.js",
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
     "./slashing-protection-service": "./dest/slashing_protection_service.js",
     "./types": "./dest/types.js",
     "./validator-ha-signer": "./dest/validator_ha_signer.js",
-    "./test": "./dest/test/pglite_pool.js"
+    "./test": "./dest/test/pglite_pool.js",
+    "./db/lmdb": "./dest/db/lmdb.js"
   },
   "typedocOptions": {
     "entryPoints": [
@@ -74,14 +75,15 @@
     ]
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@aztec/ethereum": "0.0.1-commit.f504929",
-    "@aztec/foundation": "0.0.1-commit.f504929",
-    "@aztec/stdlib": "0.0.1-commit.f504929",
-    "@aztec/telemetry-client": "0.0.1-commit.f504929",
+    "@aztec/ethereum": "0.0.1-commit.f5a9928",
+    "@aztec/foundation": "0.0.1-commit.f5a9928",
+    "@aztec/kv-store": "0.0.1-commit.f5a9928",
+    "@aztec/stdlib": "0.0.1-commit.f5a9928",
+    "@aztec/telemetry-client": "0.0.1-commit.f5a9928",
     "node-pg-migrate": "^8.0.4",
     "pg": "^8.11.3",
     "tslib": "^2.4.0",
-    "zod": "^3.23.8"
+    "zod": "^4"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@electric-sql/pglite": "^0.3.14",

package/src/db/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 export * from './types.js';
 export * from './schema.js';
 export * from './postgres.js';
+export * from './lmdb.js';

package/src/db/lmdb.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+/**
+ * LMDB implementation of SlashingProtectionDatabase
+ *
+ * Provides local (single-node) double-signing protection using LMDB as the backend.
+ * Suitable for nodes that do NOT run in a high-availability multi-node setup.
+ *
+ * The LMDB store is single-writer, making setIfNotExists inherently atomic.
+ * This means we get crash-restart protection without needing an external database.
+ */
+import { SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { randomBytes } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/random';
+import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
+import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import type { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+import type { AztecAsyncKVStore, AztecAsyncMap } from '@aztec/kv-store';
+import { openStoreAt } from '@aztec/kv-store/lmdb-v2';
+
+import type { SlashingProtectionDatabase, TryInsertOrGetResult } from '../types.js';
+import {
+  type CheckAndRecordParams,
+  DutyStatus,
+  DutyType,
+  type StoredDutyRecord,
+  getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier,
+  recordFromFields,
+} from './types.js';
+
+const DUTIES_MAP_NAME = 'signing-protection-duties';
+const LEGACY_CHECKPOINT_NUMBER = '0';
+
+type StoredDutyRecordV1 = Omit<StoredDutyRecord, 'checkpointNumber'> & { checkpointNumber?: undefined };
+type MigratableStoredDutyRecord = StoredDutyRecord | StoredDutyRecordV1;
+
+function needsCheckpointNumberMigration(record: MigratableStoredDutyRecord): record is StoredDutyRecordV1 {
+  return record.checkpointNumber === undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Migrates local slashing-protection duties from schema 1 to schema 2.
+ */
+export async function migrateLmdbSlashingProtectionDatabase(
+  dataDirectory: string,
+  currentVersion: number,
+  latestVersion: number,
+  dbMapSizeKb?: number,
+): Promise<void> {
+  if (currentVersion !== 1 || latestVersion !== LmdbSlashingProtectionDatabase.SCHEMA_VERSION) {
+    throw new Error(`Unsupported LMDB slashing-protection migration ${currentVersion} -> ${latestVersion}`);
+  }
+
+  const store = await openStoreAt(dataDirectory, dbMapSizeKb);
+  try {
+    const duties = store.openMap<string, MigratableStoredDutyRecord>(DUTIES_MAP_NAME);
+    const migratedRecords: { key: string; value: StoredDutyRecord }[] = [];
+
+    for await (const [key, record] of duties.entriesAsync()) {
+      if (needsCheckpointNumberMigration(record)) {
+        migratedRecords.push({ key, value: { ...record, checkpointNumber: LEGACY_CHECKPOINT_NUMBER } });
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (migratedRecords.length > 0) {
+      await duties.setMany(migratedRecords);
+    }
+  } finally {
+    await store.close();
+  }
+}
+
+function dutyKey(
+  rollupAddress: string,
+  validatorAddress: string,
+  slot: string,
+  dutyType: string,
+  blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: number,
+): string {
+  return `${rollupAddress}:${validatorAddress}:${slot}:${dutyType}:${blockIndexWithinCheckpoint}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * LMDB-backed implementation of SlashingProtectionDatabase.
+ *
+ * Provides single-node double-signing protection that survives crashes and restarts.
+ * Does not provide cross-node coordination (that requires the PostgreSQL implementation).
+ */
+export class LmdbSlashingProtectionDatabase implements SlashingProtectionDatabase {
+  public static readonly SCHEMA_VERSION = 2;
+
+  private readonly duties: AztecAsyncMap<string, StoredDutyRecord>;
+  private readonly log: Logger;
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly store: AztecAsyncKVStore,
+    private readonly dateProvider: DateProvider,
+  ) {
+    this.log = createLogger('slashing-protection:lmdb');
+    this.duties = store.openMap<string, StoredDutyRecord>(DUTIES_MAP_NAME);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Atomically try to insert a new duty record, or get the existing one if present.
+   *
+   * LMDB is single-writer so the read-then-write inside transactionAsync is naturally atomic.
+   */
+  public async tryInsertOrGetExisting(params: CheckAndRecordParams): Promise<TryInsertOrGetResult> {
+    const blockIndexWithinCheckpoint = getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier(params);
+    const key = dutyKey(
+      params.rollupAddress.toString(),
+      params.validatorAddress.toString(),
+      params.slot.toString(),
+      params.dutyType,
+      blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+    );
+
+    const lockToken = randomBytes(16).toString('hex');
+    const now = this.dateProvider.now();
+
+    const result = await this.store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      const existing = await this.duties.getAsync(key);
+      if (existing) {
+        return { isNew: false as const, record: { ...existing, lockToken: '' } };
+      }
+
+      const newRecord: StoredDutyRecord = {
+        rollupAddress: params.rollupAddress.toString(),
+        validatorAddress: params.validatorAddress.toString(),
+        slot: params.slot.toString(),
+        blockNumber: params.blockNumber.toString(),
+        checkpointNumber: params.checkpointNumber.toString(),
+        blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+        dutyType: params.dutyType,
+        status: DutyStatus.SIGNING,
+        messageHash: params.messageHash,
+        nodeId: params.nodeId,
+        lockToken,
+        startedAtMs: now,
+      };
+      await this.duties.set(key, newRecord);
+      return { isNew: true as const, record: newRecord };
+    });
+
+    if (result.isNew) {
+      this.log.debug(`Acquired lock for duty ${params.dutyType} at slot ${params.slot}`, {
+        validatorAddress: params.validatorAddress.toString(),
+        nodeId: params.nodeId,
+      });
+    }
+
+    return { isNew: result.isNew, record: recordFromFields(result.record) };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update a duty to 'signed' status with the signature.
+   * Only succeeds if the lockToken matches.
+   */
+  public updateDutySigned(
+    rollupAddress: EthAddress,
+    validatorAddress: EthAddress,
+    slot: SlotNumber,
+    dutyType: DutyType,
+    signature: string,
+    lockToken: string,
+    blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: number,
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    const key = dutyKey(
+      rollupAddress.toString(),
+      validatorAddress.toString(),
+      slot.toString(),
+      dutyType,
+      blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+    );
+
+    return this.store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      const existing = await this.duties.getAsync(key);
+      if (!existing) {
+        this.log.warn('Failed to update duty to signed: duty not found', {
+          rollupAddress: rollupAddress.toString(),
+          validatorAddress: validatorAddress.toString(),
+          slot: slot.toString(),
+          dutyType,
+          blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+        });
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (existing.lockToken !== lockToken) {
+        this.log.warn('Failed to update duty to signed: invalid token', {
+          rollupAddress: rollupAddress.toString(),
+          validatorAddress: validatorAddress.toString(),
+          slot: slot.toString(),
+          dutyType,
+          blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+        });
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      await this.duties.set(key, {
+        ...existing,
+        status: DutyStatus.SIGNED,
+        signature,
+        completedAtMs: this.dateProvider.now(),
+      });
+
+      return true;
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete a duty record.
+   * Only succeeds if the lockToken matches.
+   */
+  public deleteDuty(
+    rollupAddress: EthAddress,
+    validatorAddress: EthAddress,
+    slot: SlotNumber,
+    dutyType: DutyType,
+    lockToken: string,
+    blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: number,
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    const key = dutyKey(
+      rollupAddress.toString(),
+      validatorAddress.toString(),
+      slot.toString(),
+      dutyType,
+      blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+    );
+
+    return this.store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      const existing = await this.duties.getAsync(key);
+      if (!existing || existing.lockToken !== lockToken) {
+        this.log.warn('Failed to delete duty: invalid token or duty not found', {
+          rollupAddress: rollupAddress.toString(),
+          validatorAddress: validatorAddress.toString(),
+          slot: slot.toString(),
+          dutyType,
+          blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+        });
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      await this.duties.delete(key);
+      return true;
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cleanup own stuck duties (SIGNING status older than maxAgeMs).
+   */
+  public cleanupOwnStuckDuties(nodeId: string, maxAgeMs: number): Promise<number> {
+    const cutoffMs = this.dateProvider.now() - maxAgeMs;
+
+    return this.store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      const keysToDelete: string[] = [];
+      for await (const [key, record] of this.duties.entriesAsync()) {
+        if (record.nodeId === nodeId && record.status === DutyStatus.SIGNING && record.startedAtMs < cutoffMs) {
+          keysToDelete.push(key);
+        }
+      }
+      for (const key of keysToDelete) {
+        await this.duties.delete(key);
+      }
+      return keysToDelete.length;
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cleanup duties with outdated rollup address.
+   *
+   * This is always a no-op for the LMDB implementation: the underlying store is created via
+   * DatabaseVersionManager (in factory.ts), which already resets the entire data directory at
+   * startup whenever the rollup address changes.
+   */
+  public cleanupOutdatedRollupDuties(_currentRollupAddress: EthAddress): Promise<number> {
+    return Promise.resolve(0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cleanup old signed duties older than maxAgeMs.
+   */
+  public cleanupOldDuties(maxAgeMs: number): Promise<number> {
+    const cutoffMs = this.dateProvider.now() - maxAgeMs;
+
+    return this.store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      const keysToDelete: string[] = [];
+      for await (const [key, record] of this.duties.entriesAsync()) {
+        if (
+          record.status === DutyStatus.SIGNED &&
+          record.completedAtMs !== undefined &&
+          record.completedAtMs < cutoffMs
+        ) {
+          keysToDelete.push(key);
+        }
+      }
+      for (const key of keysToDelete) {
+        await this.duties.delete(key);
+      }
+      return keysToDelete.length;
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close the underlying LMDB store.
+   */
+  public async close(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.store.close();
+    this.log.debug('LMDB slashing protection database closed');
+  }
+}