@aztec/validator-ha-signer 0.0.1-commit.e558bd1c → 0.0.1-commit.e5a3663dd

package/src/db/lmdb.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/**
+ * LMDB implementation of SlashingProtectionDatabase
+ *
+ * Provides local (single-node) double-signing protection using LMDB as the backend.
+ * Suitable for nodes that do NOT run in a high-availability multi-node setup.
+ *
+ * The LMDB store is single-writer, making setIfNotExists inherently atomic.
+ * This means we get crash-restart protection without needing an external database.
+ */
+import { SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { randomBytes } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/random';
+import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
+import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import type { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+import type { AztecAsyncKVStore, AztecAsyncMap } from '@aztec/kv-store';
+
+import type { SlashingProtectionDatabase, TryInsertOrGetResult } from '../types.js';
+import {
+  type CheckAndRecordParams,
+  DutyStatus,
+  DutyType,
+  type StoredDutyRecord,
+  getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier,
+  recordFromFields,
+} from './types.js';
+
+function dutyKey(
+  rollupAddress: string,
+  validatorAddress: string,
+  slot: string,
+  dutyType: string,
+  blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: number,
+): string {
+  return `${rollupAddress}:${validatorAddress}:${slot}:${dutyType}:${blockIndexWithinCheckpoint}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * LMDB-backed implementation of SlashingProtectionDatabase.
+ *
+ * Provides single-node double-signing protection that survives crashes and restarts.
+ * Does not provide cross-node coordination (that requires the PostgreSQL implementation).
+ */
+export class LmdbSlashingProtectionDatabase implements SlashingProtectionDatabase {
+  public static readonly SCHEMA_VERSION = 2;
+
+  private readonly duties: AztecAsyncMap<string, StoredDutyRecord>;
+  private readonly log: Logger;
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly store: AztecAsyncKVStore,
+    private readonly dateProvider: DateProvider,
+  ) {
+    this.log = createLogger('slashing-protection:lmdb');
+    this.duties = store.openMap<string, StoredDutyRecord>('signing-protection-duties');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Atomically try to insert a new duty record, or get the existing one if present.
+   *
+   * LMDB is single-writer so the read-then-write inside transactionAsync is naturally atomic.
+   */
+  public async tryInsertOrGetExisting(params: CheckAndRecordParams): Promise<TryInsertOrGetResult> {
+    const blockIndexWithinCheckpoint = getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier(params);
+    const key = dutyKey(
+      params.rollupAddress.toString(),
+      params.validatorAddress.toString(),
+      params.slot.toString(),
+      params.dutyType,
+      blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+    );
+
+    const lockToken = randomBytes(16).toString('hex');
+    const now = this.dateProvider.now();
+
+    const result = await this.store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      const existing = await this.duties.getAsync(key);
+      if (existing) {
+        return { isNew: false as const, record: { ...existing, lockToken: '' } };
+      }
+
+      const newRecord: StoredDutyRecord = {
+        rollupAddress: params.rollupAddress.toString(),
+        validatorAddress: params.validatorAddress.toString(),
+        slot: params.slot.toString(),
+        blockNumber: params.blockNumber.toString(),
+        checkpointNumber: params.checkpointNumber.toString(),
+        blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+        dutyType: params.dutyType,
+        status: DutyStatus.SIGNING,
+        messageHash: params.messageHash,
+        nodeId: params.nodeId,
+        lockToken,
+        startedAtMs: now,
+      };
+      await this.duties.set(key, newRecord);
+      return { isNew: true as const, record: newRecord };
+    });
+
+    if (result.isNew) {
+      this.log.debug(`Acquired lock for duty ${params.dutyType} at slot ${params.slot}`, {
+        validatorAddress: params.validatorAddress.toString(),
+        nodeId: params.nodeId,
+      });
+    }
+
+    return { isNew: result.isNew, record: recordFromFields(result.record) };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update a duty to 'signed' status with the signature.
+   * Only succeeds if the lockToken matches.
+   */
+  public updateDutySigned(
+    rollupAddress: EthAddress,
+    validatorAddress: EthAddress,
+    slot: SlotNumber,
+    dutyType: DutyType,
+    signature: string,
+    lockToken: string,
+    blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: number,
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    const key = dutyKey(
+      rollupAddress.toString(),
+      validatorAddress.toString(),
+      slot.toString(),
+      dutyType,
+      blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+    );
+
+    return this.store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      const existing = await this.duties.getAsync(key);
+      if (!existing) {
+        this.log.warn('Failed to update duty to signed: duty not found', {
+          rollupAddress: rollupAddress.toString(),
+          validatorAddress: validatorAddress.toString(),
+          slot: slot.toString(),
+          dutyType,
+          blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+        });
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (existing.lockToken !== lockToken) {
+        this.log.warn('Failed to update duty to signed: invalid token', {
+          rollupAddress: rollupAddress.toString(),
+          validatorAddress: validatorAddress.toString(),
+          slot: slot.toString(),
+          dutyType,
+          blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+        });
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      await this.duties.set(key, {
+        ...existing,
+        status: DutyStatus.SIGNED,
+        signature,
+        completedAtMs: this.dateProvider.now(),
+      });
+
+      return true;
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete a duty record.
+   * Only succeeds if the lockToken matches.
+   */
+  public deleteDuty(
+    rollupAddress: EthAddress,
+    validatorAddress: EthAddress,
+    slot: SlotNumber,
+    dutyType: DutyType,
+    lockToken: string,
+    blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: number,
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    const key = dutyKey(
+      rollupAddress.toString(),
+      validatorAddress.toString(),
+      slot.toString(),
+      dutyType,
+      blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+    );
+
+    return this.store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      const existing = await this.duties.getAsync(key);
+      if (!existing || existing.lockToken !== lockToken) {
+        this.log.warn('Failed to delete duty: invalid token or duty not found', {
+          rollupAddress: rollupAddress.toString(),
+          validatorAddress: validatorAddress.toString(),
+          slot: slot.toString(),
+          dutyType,
+          blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+        });
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      await this.duties.delete(key);
+      return true;
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cleanup own stuck duties (SIGNING status older than maxAgeMs).
+   */
+  public cleanupOwnStuckDuties(nodeId: string, maxAgeMs: number): Promise<number> {
+    const cutoffMs = this.dateProvider.now() - maxAgeMs;
+
+    return this.store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      const keysToDelete: string[] = [];
+      for await (const [key, record] of this.duties.entriesAsync()) {
+        if (record.nodeId === nodeId && record.status === DutyStatus.SIGNING && record.startedAtMs < cutoffMs) {
+          keysToDelete.push(key);
+        }
+      }
+      for (const key of keysToDelete) {
+        await this.duties.delete(key);
+      }
+      return keysToDelete.length;
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cleanup duties with outdated rollup address.
+   *
+   * This is always a no-op for the LMDB implementation: the underlying store is created via
+   * DatabaseVersionManager (in factory.ts), which already resets the entire data directory at
+   * startup whenever the rollup address changes.
+   */
+  public cleanupOutdatedRollupDuties(_currentRollupAddress: EthAddress): Promise<number> {
+    return Promise.resolve(0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cleanup old signed duties older than maxAgeMs.
+   */
+  public cleanupOldDuties(maxAgeMs: number): Promise<number> {
+    const cutoffMs = this.dateProvider.now() - maxAgeMs;
+
+    return this.store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      const keysToDelete: string[] = [];
+      for await (const [key, record] of this.duties.entriesAsync()) {
+        if (
+          record.status === DutyStatus.SIGNED &&
+          record.completedAtMs !== undefined &&
+          record.completedAtMs < cutoffMs
+        ) {
+          keysToDelete.push(key);
+        }
+      }
+      for (const key of keysToDelete) {
+        await this.duties.delete(key);
+      }
+      return keysToDelete.length;
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close the underlying LMDB store.
+   */
+  public async close(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.store.close();
+    this.log.debug('LMDB slashing protection database closed');
+  }
+}

package/src/db/migrations/1_initial-schema.ts

@@ -1,21 +1,52 @@
 /**
  * Initial schema for validator HA slashing protection
  *
- * This migration imports SQL from the schema.ts file to ensure a single source of truth.
+ * Note: this migration contains a fixed snapshot of the schema at the time it was created.
+ * It must NOT import from schema.ts, which evolves over time and would cause this migration
+ * to produce different results on fresh runs vs. re-runs.
  */
 import type { MigrationBuilder } from 'node-pg-migrate';
 
-import { DROP_SCHEMA_VERSION_TABLE, DROP_VALIDATOR_DUTIES_TABLE, SCHEMA_SETUP, SCHEMA_VERSION } from '../schema.js';
+import { DROP_SCHEMA_VERSION_TABLE, DROP_VALIDATOR_DUTIES_TABLE } from '../schema.js';
+
+// Snapshot of the initial schema — does NOT include checkpoint_number (added in migration 2).
+const INITIAL_SCHEMA_SETUP = [
+  `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS schema_version (
+    version INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    applied_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+  );`,
+  `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS validator_duties (
+    rollup_address VARCHAR(42) NOT NULL,
+    validator_address VARCHAR(42) NOT NULL,
+    slot BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    block_number BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    block_index_within_checkpoint INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    duty_type VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL CHECK (duty_type IN ('BLOCK_PROPOSAL', 'CHECKPOINT_PROPOSAL', 'ATTESTATION', 'ATTESTATIONS_AND_SIGNERS', 'GOVERNANCE_VOTE', 'SLASHING_VOTE')),
+    status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('signing', 'signed')),
+    message_hash VARCHAR(66) NOT NULL,
+    signature VARCHAR(132),
+    node_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+    lock_token VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+    started_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    completed_at TIMESTAMP,
+    error_message TEXT,
+
+    PRIMARY KEY (rollup_address, validator_address, slot, duty_type, block_index_within_checkpoint),
+    CHECK (completed_at IS NULL OR completed_at >= started_at)
+  );`,
+  `CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_validator_duties_status ON validator_duties(status, started_at);`,
+  `CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_validator_duties_node ON validator_duties(node_id, started_at);`,
+] as const;
 
 export function up(pgm: MigrationBuilder): void {
-  for (const statement of SCHEMA_SETUP) {
+  for (const statement of INITIAL_SCHEMA_SETUP) {
     pgm.sql(statement);
   }
 
   // Insert initial schema version
   pgm.sql(`
     INSERT INTO schema_version (version)
-    VALUES (${SCHEMA_VERSION})
+    VALUES (1)
     ON CONFLICT (version) DO NOTHING;
   `);
 }

package/src/db/migrations/2_add-checkpoint-number.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/**
+ * Add checkpoint_number column to validator_duties table
+ */
+import type { MigrationBuilder } from 'node-pg-migrate';
+
+export function up(pgm: MigrationBuilder): void {
+  pgm.addColumn('validator_duties', {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line camelcase
+    checkpoint_number: { type: 'bigint', notNull: true, default: 0 },
+  });
+
+  pgm.sql(`UPDATE schema_version SET version = 2 WHERE version = 1`);
+}
+
+export function down(pgm: MigrationBuilder): void {
+  pgm.dropColumn('validator_duties', 'checkpoint_number');
+
+  pgm.sql(`UPDATE schema_version SET version = 1 WHERE version = 2`);
+}

package/src/db/postgres.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * PostgreSQL implementation of SlashingProtectionDatabase
  */
-import { BlockNumber, SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import { randomBytes } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/random';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {
   UPDATE_DUTY_SIGNED,
 } from './schema.js';
 import type { CheckAndRecordParams, DutyRow, DutyType, InsertOrGetRow, ValidatorDutyRecord } from './types.js';
-import { getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier } from './types.js';
+import { getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier, recordFromFields } from './types.js';
 
 /**
  * Minimal pool interface for database operations.
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ export class PostgresSlashingProtectionDatabase implements SlashingProtectionDat
           params.validatorAddress.toString(),
           params.slot.toString(),
           params.blockNumber.toString(),
+          params.checkpointNumber.toString(),
           blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
           params.dutyType,
           params.messageHash,
@@ -220,14 +221,17 @@ export class PostgresSlashingProtectionDatabase implements SlashingProtectionDat
   }
 
   /**
-   * Convert a database row to a ValidatorDutyRecord
+   * Convert a database row to a ValidatorDutyRecord.
+   * Maps snake_case column names to StoredDutyRecord (camelCase, ms timestamps),
+   * then delegates to the shared recordFromFields() converter.
    */
   private rowToRecord(row: DutyRow): ValidatorDutyRecord {
-    return {
-      rollupAddress: EthAddress.fromString(row.rollup_address),
-      validatorAddress: EthAddress.fromString(row.validator_address),
-      slot: SlotNumber.fromString(row.slot),
-      blockNumber: BlockNumber.fromString(row.block_number),
+    return recordFromFields({
+      rollupAddress: row.rollup_address,
+      validatorAddress: row.validator_address,
+      slot: row.slot,
+      blockNumber: row.block_number,
+      checkpointNumber: row.checkpoint_number,
       blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: row.block_index_within_checkpoint,
       dutyType: row.duty_type,
       status: row.status,
@@ -235,10 +239,10 @@ export class PostgresSlashingProtectionDatabase implements SlashingProtectionDat
       signature: row.signature ?? undefined,
       nodeId: row.node_id,
       lockToken: row.lock_token,
-      startedAt: row.started_at,
-      completedAt: row.completed_at ?? undefined,
+      startedAtMs: row.started_at.getTime(),
+      completedAtMs: row.completed_at?.getTime(),
       errorMessage: row.error_message ?? undefined,
-    };
+    });
   }
 
   /**
@@ -254,8 +258,7 @@ export class PostgresSlashingProtectionDatabase implements SlashingProtectionDat
    * @returns the number of duties cleaned up
    */
   async cleanupOwnStuckDuties(nodeId: string, maxAgeMs: number): Promise<number> {
-    const cutoff = new Date(Date.now() - maxAgeMs);
-    const result = await this.pool.query(CLEANUP_OWN_STUCK_DUTIES, [nodeId, cutoff]);
+    const result = await this.pool.query(CLEANUP_OWN_STUCK_DUTIES, [nodeId, maxAgeMs]);
     return result.rowCount ?? 0;
   }
 
@@ -277,8 +280,7 @@ export class PostgresSlashingProtectionDatabase implements SlashingProtectionDat
    * @returns the number of duties cleaned up
    */
   async cleanupOldDuties(maxAgeMs: number): Promise<number> {
-    const cutoff = new Date(Date.now() - maxAgeMs);
-    const result = await this.pool.query(CLEANUP_OLD_DUTIES, [cutoff]);
+    const result = await this.pool.query(CLEANUP_OLD_DUTIES, [maxAgeMs]);
     return result.rowCount ?? 0;
   }
 }

package/src/db/schema.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 /**
  * Current schema version
  */
-export const SCHEMA_VERSION = 1;
+export const SCHEMA_VERSION = 2;
 
 /**
  * SQL to create the validator_duties table
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS validator_duties (
   validator_address VARCHAR(42) NOT NULL,
   slot BIGINT NOT NULL,
   block_number BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  checkpoint_number BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
   block_index_within_checkpoint INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
   duty_type VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL CHECK (duty_type IN ('BLOCK_PROPOSAL', 'CHECKPOINT_PROPOSAL', 'ATTESTATION', 'ATTESTATIONS_AND_SIGNERS', 'GOVERNANCE_VOTE', 'SLASHING_VOTE')),
   status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('signing', 'signed')),
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ WITH inserted AS (
     validator_address,
     slot,
     block_number,
+    checkpoint_number,
     block_index_within_checkpoint,
     duty_type,
     status,
@@ -113,13 +115,14 @@ WITH inserted AS (
     node_id,
     lock_token,
     started_at
-  ) VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, 'signing', $7, $8, $9, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
+  ) VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, 'signing', $8, $9, $10, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
   ON CONFLICT (rollup_address, validator_address, slot, duty_type, block_index_within_checkpoint) DO NOTHING
   RETURNING
     rollup_address,
     validator_address,
     slot,
     block_number,
+    checkpoint_number,
     block_index_within_checkpoint,
     duty_type,
     status,
@@ -139,6 +142,7 @@ SELECT
   validator_address,
   slot,
   block_number,
+  checkpoint_number,
   block_index_within_checkpoint,
   duty_type,
   status,
@@ -154,8 +158,8 @@ FROM validator_duties
 WHERE rollup_address = $1
   AND validator_address = $2
   AND slot = $3
-  AND duty_type = $6
-  AND block_index_within_checkpoint = $5
+  AND duty_type = $7
+  AND block_index_within_checkpoint = $6
   AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM inserted);
 `;
 
@@ -203,23 +207,24 @@ WHERE status = 'signed'
 
 /**
  * Query to clean up old duties (for maintenance)
- * Removes SIGNED duties older than a specified timestamp
+ * Removes SIGNED duties older than a specified age (in milliseconds)
  */
 export const CLEANUP_OLD_DUTIES = `
 DELETE FROM validator_duties
 WHERE status = 'signed'
-  AND started_at < $1;
+  AND started_at < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP - ($1 || ' milliseconds')::INTERVAL;
 `;
 
 /**
  * Query to cleanup own stuck duties
  * Removes duties in 'signing' status for a specific node that are older than maxAgeMs
+ * Uses DB's CURRENT_TIMESTAMP to avoid clock skew issues between nodes
  */
 export const CLEANUP_OWN_STUCK_DUTIES = `
 DELETE FROM validator_duties
 WHERE node_id = $1
   AND status = 'signing'
-  AND started_at < $2;
+  AND started_at < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP - ($2 || ' milliseconds')::INTERVAL;
 `;
 
 /**
@@ -252,6 +257,7 @@ SELECT
   validator_address,
   slot,
   block_number,
+  checkpoint_number,
   block_index_within_checkpoint,
   duty_type,
   status,

package/src/db/types.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-import type { BlockNumber, CheckpointNumber, IndexWithinCheckpoint, SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
-import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
+import { BlockNumber, CheckpointNumber, type IndexWithinCheckpoint, SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { Signature } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-signature';
+import { DutyType } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
 
 /**
  * Row type from PostgreSQL query
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ export interface DutyRow {
   validator_address: string;
   slot: string;
   block_number: string;
+  checkpoint_number: string;
   block_index_within_checkpoint: number;
   duty_type: DutyType;
   status: DutyStatus;
@@ -23,24 +25,35 @@ export interface DutyRow {
 }
 
 /**
- * Row type from INSERT_OR_GET_DUTY query (includes is_new flag)
+ * Plain-primitive representation of a duty record suitable for serialization
+ * (e.g. msgpackr for LMDB). All domain types are stored as their string/number
+ * equivalents. Timestamps are Unix milliseconds.
  */
-export interface InsertOrGetRow extends DutyRow {
-  is_new: boolean;
+export interface StoredDutyRecord {
+  rollupAddress: string;
+  validatorAddress: string;
+  slot: string;
+  blockNumber: string;
+  checkpointNumber: string;
+  blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: number;
+  dutyType: DutyType;
+  status: DutyStatus;
+  messageHash: string;
+  signature?: string;
+  nodeId: string;
+  lockToken: string;
+  /** Unix timestamp in milliseconds when signing started */
+  startedAtMs: number;
+  /** Unix timestamp in milliseconds when signing completed */
+  completedAtMs?: number;
+  errorMessage?: string;
 }
 
 /**
- * Type of validator duty being performed
+ * Row type from INSERT_OR_GET_DUTY query (includes is_new flag)
  */
-export enum DutyType {
-  BLOCK_PROPOSAL = 'BLOCK_PROPOSAL',
-  CHECKPOINT_PROPOSAL = 'CHECKPOINT_PROPOSAL',
-  ATTESTATION = 'ATTESTATION',
-  ATTESTATIONS_AND_SIGNERS = 'ATTESTATIONS_AND_SIGNERS',
-  GOVERNANCE_VOTE = 'GOVERNANCE_VOTE',
-  SLASHING_VOTE = 'SLASHING_VOTE',
-  AUTH_REQUEST = 'AUTH_REQUEST',
-  TXS = 'TXS',
+export interface InsertOrGetRow extends DutyRow {
+  is_new: boolean;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -51,8 +64,12 @@ export enum DutyStatus {
   SIGNED = 'signed',
 }
 
+// Re-export DutyType from stdlib
+export { DutyType };
+
 /**
- * Record of a validator duty in the database
+ * Rich representation of a validator duty, with branded types and Date objects.
+ * This is the common output type returned by all SlashingProtectionDatabase implementations.
  */
 export interface ValidatorDutyRecord {
   /** Ethereum address of the rollup contract */
@@ -61,8 +78,10 @@ export interface ValidatorDutyRecord {
   validatorAddress: EthAddress;
   /** Slot number for this duty */
   slot: SlotNumber;
-  /** Block number for this duty */
+  /** Block number for this duty (0 for non-block-proposal duties) */
   blockNumber: BlockNumber;
+  /** Checkpoint number for this duty (0 for attestation and vote duties) */
+  checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber;
   /** Block index within checkpoint (0, 1, 2... for block proposals, -1 for other duty types) */
   blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: number;
   /** Type of duty being performed */
@@ -85,6 +104,32 @@ export interface ValidatorDutyRecord {
   errorMessage?: string;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Convert a {@link StoredDutyRecord} (plain-primitive wire format) to a
+ * {@link ValidatorDutyRecord} (rich domain type).
+ *
+ * Shared by LMDB and any future non-Postgres backend implementations.
+ */
+export function recordFromFields(stored: StoredDutyRecord): ValidatorDutyRecord {
+  return {
+    rollupAddress: EthAddress.fromString(stored.rollupAddress),
+    validatorAddress: EthAddress.fromString(stored.validatorAddress),
+    slot: SlotNumber.fromString(stored.slot),
+    blockNumber: BlockNumber.fromString(stored.blockNumber),
+    checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber.fromString(stored.checkpointNumber),
+    blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: stored.blockIndexWithinCheckpoint,
+    dutyType: stored.dutyType,
+    status: stored.status,
+    messageHash: stored.messageHash,
+    signature: stored.signature,
+    nodeId: stored.nodeId,
+    lockToken: stored.lockToken,
+    startedAt: new Date(stored.startedAtMs),
+    completedAt: stored.completedAtMs !== undefined ? new Date(stored.completedAtMs) : undefined,
+    errorMessage: stored.errorMessage,
+  };
+}
+
 /**
  * Duty identifier for block proposals.
  * blockIndexWithinCheckpoint is REQUIRED and must be >= 0.
@@ -163,8 +208,10 @@ export function getBlockIndexFromDutyIdentifier(duty: DutyIdentifier): number {
  * Additional parameters for checking and recording a new duty
  */
 interface CheckAndRecordExtra {
-  /** Block number for this duty */
-  blockNumber: BlockNumber | CheckpointNumber;
+  /** Block number for this duty (0 for non-block-proposal duties) */
+  blockNumber: BlockNumber;
+  /** Checkpoint number for this duty (0 for attestation and vote duties) */
+  checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber;
   /** The signing root (hash) for this duty */
   messageHash: string;
   /** Identifier for the node that acquired the lock */