@aztec/validator-client 0.0.1-commit.9b94fc1 → 0.0.1-commit.9ee6fcc6

package/src/validator.ts

@@ -1,31 +1,67 @@
+import type { BlobClientInterface } from '@aztec/blob-client/client';
+import { type Blob, getBlobsPerL1Block } from '@aztec/blob-lib';
 import type { EpochCache } from '@aztec/epoch-cache';
-import { EpochNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { validateFeeAssetPriceModifier } from '@aztec/ethereum/contracts';
+import {
+  BlockNumber,
+  CheckpointNumber,
+  EpochNumber,
+  IndexWithinCheckpoint,
+  SlotNumber,
+} from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
+import { TimeoutError } from '@aztec/foundation/error';
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { Signature } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-signature';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
-import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { type LogData, type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { retryUntil } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import { RunningPromise } from '@aztec/foundation/running-promise';
 import { sleep } from '@aztec/foundation/sleep';
 import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import type { KeystoreManager } from '@aztec/node-keystore';
-import type { P2P, PeerId, TxProvider } from '@aztec/p2p';
+import type { DuplicateAttestationInfo, DuplicateProposalInfo, P2P, PeerId } from '@aztec/p2p';
 import { AuthRequest, AuthResponse, BlockProposalValidator, ReqRespSubProtocol } from '@aztec/p2p';
 import { OffenseType, WANT_TO_SLASH_EVENT, type Watcher, type WatcherEmitter } from '@aztec/slasher';
 import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
-import type { CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners, L2BlockSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
-import type { IFullNodeBlockBuilder, Validator, ValidatorClientFullConfig } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
-import type { L1ToL2MessageSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/messaging';
-import type { BlockAttestation, BlockProposal, BlockProposalOptions } from '@aztec/stdlib/p2p';
+import type { CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners, L2Block, L2BlockSink, L2BlockSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import { validateCheckpoint } from '@aztec/stdlib/checkpoint';
+import { getEpochAtSlot, getTimestampForSlot } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
+import type {
+  CreateCheckpointProposalLastBlockData,
+  ITxProvider,
+  Validator,
+  ValidatorClientFullConfig,
+  WorldStateSynchronizer,
+} from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
+import { type L1ToL2MessageSource, accumulateCheckpointOutHashes } from '@aztec/stdlib/messaging';
+import {
+  type BlockProposal,
+  type BlockProposalOptions,
+  type CheckpointAttestation,
+  CheckpointProposal,
+  type CheckpointProposalCore,
+  type CheckpointProposalOptions,
+} from '@aztec/stdlib/p2p';
 import type { CheckpointHeader } from '@aztec/stdlib/rollup';
-import type { Tx } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
+import type { BlockHeader, CheckpointGlobalVariables, Tx } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 import { AttestationTimeoutError } from '@aztec/stdlib/validators';
 import { type TelemetryClient, type Tracer, getTelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
+import {
+  createHASigner,
+  createLocalSignerWithProtection,
+  createSignerFromSharedDb,
+} from '@aztec/validator-ha-signer/factory';
+import { DutyType, type SigningContext, type SlashingProtectionDatabase } from '@aztec/validator-ha-signer/types';
+import type { ValidatorHASigner } from '@aztec/validator-ha-signer/validator-ha-signer';
 
 import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
 import type { TypedDataDefinition } from 'viem';
 
 import { BlockProposalHandler, type BlockProposalValidationFailureReason } from './block_proposal_handler.js';
+import type { FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder } from './checkpoint_builder.js';
 import { ValidationService } from './duties/validation_service.js';
+import { HAKeyStore } from './key_store/ha_key_store.js';
+import type { ExtendedValidatorKeyStore } from './key_store/interface.js';
 import { NodeKeystoreAdapter } from './key_store/node_keystore_adapter.js';
 import { ValidatorMetrics } from './metrics.js';
 
@@ -47,24 +83,37 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
   private validationService: ValidationService;
   private metrics: ValidatorMetrics;
   private log: Logger;
-
   // Whether it has already registered handlers on the p2p client
   private hasRegisteredHandlers = false;
 
-  // Used to check if we are sending the same proposal twice
-  private previousProposal?: BlockProposal;
+  /** Tracks the last block proposal we created, to detect duplicate proposal attempts. */
+  private lastProposedBlock?: BlockProposal;
+
+  /** Tracks the last checkpoint proposal we created. */
+  private lastProposedCheckpoint?: CheckpointProposal;
 
   private lastEpochForCommitteeUpdateLoop: EpochNumber | undefined;
   private epochCacheUpdateLoop: RunningPromise;
+  /** Tracks the last epoch in which each attester successfully submitted at least one attestation. */
+  private lastAttestedEpochByAttester: Map<string, EpochNumber> = new Map();
 
   private proposersOfInvalidBlocks: Set<string> = new Set();
 
+  /** Tracks the last checkpoint proposal we attested to, to prevent equivocation. */
+  private lastAttestedProposal?: CheckpointProposalCore;
+
   protected constructor(
-    private keyStore: NodeKeystoreAdapter,
+    private keyStore: ExtendedValidatorKeyStore,
     private epochCache: EpochCache,
     private p2pClient: P2P,
     private blockProposalHandler: BlockProposalHandler,
+    private blockSource: L2BlockSource,
+    private checkpointsBuilder: FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder,
+    private worldState: WorldStateSynchronizer,
+    private l1ToL2MessageSource: L1ToL2MessageSource,
     private config: ValidatorClientFullConfig,
+    private blobClient: BlobClientInterface,
+    private slashingProtectionSigner: ValidatorHASigner,
     private dateProvider: DateProvider = new DateProvider(),
     telemetry: TelemetryClient = getTelemetryClient(),
     log = createLogger('validator'),
@@ -118,6 +167,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
         this.log.trace(`No committee found for slot`);
         return;
       }
+      this.metrics.setCurrentEpoch(epoch);
       if (epoch !== this.lastEpochForCommitteeUpdateLoop) {
         const me = this.getValidatorAddresses();
         const committeeSet = new Set(committee.map(v => v.toString()));
@@ -138,40 +188,81 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     }
   }
 
-  static new(
+  static async new(
     config: ValidatorClientFullConfig,
-    blockBuilder: IFullNodeBlockBuilder,
+    checkpointsBuilder: FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder,
+    worldState: WorldStateSynchronizer,
     epochCache: EpochCache,
     p2pClient: P2P,
-    blockSource: L2BlockSource,
+    blockSource: L2BlockSource & L2BlockSink,
     l1ToL2MessageSource: L1ToL2MessageSource,
-    txProvider: TxProvider,
+    txProvider: ITxProvider,
     keyStoreManager: KeystoreManager,
+    blobClient: BlobClientInterface,
     dateProvider: DateProvider = new DateProvider(),
     telemetry: TelemetryClient = getTelemetryClient(),
+    slashingProtectionDb?: SlashingProtectionDatabase,
   ) {
     const metrics = new ValidatorMetrics(telemetry);
     const blockProposalValidator = new BlockProposalValidator(epochCache, {
       txsPermitted: !config.disableTransactions,
+      maxTxsPerBlock: config.validateMaxTxsPerBlock,
     });
     const blockProposalHandler = new BlockProposalHandler(
-      blockBuilder,
+      checkpointsBuilder,
+      worldState,
       blockSource,
       l1ToL2MessageSource,
       txProvider,
       blockProposalValidator,
+      epochCache,
       config,
       metrics,
       dateProvider,
       telemetry,
     );
 
+    const nodeKeystoreAdapter = NodeKeystoreAdapter.fromKeyStoreManager(keyStoreManager);
+    let slashingProtectionSigner: ValidatorHASigner;
+    if (slashingProtectionDb) {
+      // Shared database mode: use a pre-existing database (e.g. for testing HA setups).
+      ({ signer: slashingProtectionSigner } = createSignerFromSharedDb(slashingProtectionDb, config, {
+        telemetryClient: telemetry,
+        dateProvider,
+      }));
+    } else if (config.haSigningEnabled) {
+      // Multi-node HA mode: use PostgreSQL-backed distributed locking.
+      // If maxStuckDutiesAgeMs is not explicitly set, compute it from Aztec slot duration
+      const haConfig = {
+        ...config,
+        maxStuckDutiesAgeMs: config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? epochCache.getL1Constants().slotDuration * 2 * 1000,
+      };
+      ({ signer: slashingProtectionSigner } = await createHASigner(haConfig, {
+        telemetryClient: telemetry,
+        dateProvider,
+      }));
+    } else {
+      // Single-node mode: use LMDB-backed local signing protection.
+      // This prevents double-signing if the node crashes and restarts mid-proposal.
+      ({ signer: slashingProtectionSigner } = await createLocalSignerWithProtection(config, {
+        telemetryClient: telemetry,
+        dateProvider,
+      }));
+    }
+    const validatorKeyStore: ExtendedValidatorKeyStore = new HAKeyStore(nodeKeystoreAdapter, slashingProtectionSigner);
+
     const validator = new ValidatorClient(
-      NodeKeystoreAdapter.fromKeyStoreManager(keyStoreManager),
+      validatorKeyStore,
       epochCache,
       p2pClient,
       blockProposalHandler,
+      blockSource,
+      checkpointsBuilder,
+      worldState,
+      l1ToL2MessageSource,
       config,
+      blobClient,
+      slashingProtectionSigner,
       dateProvider,
       telemetry,
     );
@@ -189,18 +280,8 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     return this.blockProposalHandler;
   }
 
-  // Proxy method for backwards compatibility with tests
-  public reExecuteTransactions(
-    proposal: BlockProposal,
-    blockNumber: number,
-    txs: any[],
-    l1ToL2Messages: Fr[],
-  ): Promise<any> {
-    return this.blockProposalHandler.reexecuteTransactions(proposal, blockNumber, txs, l1ToL2Messages);
-  }
-
-  public signWithAddress(addr: EthAddress, msg: TypedDataDefinition) {
-    return this.keyStore.signTypedDataWithAddress(addr, msg);
+  public signWithAddress(addr: EthAddress, msg: TypedDataDefinition, context: SigningContext) {
+    return this.keyStore.signTypedDataWithAddress(addr, msg, context);
   }
 
   public getCoinbaseForAttestor(attestor: EthAddress): EthAddress {
@@ -219,12 +300,20 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     this.config = { ...this.config, ...config };
   }
 
+  public reloadKeystore(newManager: KeystoreManager): void {
+    const newAdapter = NodeKeystoreAdapter.fromKeyStoreManager(newManager);
+    this.keyStore = new HAKeyStore(newAdapter, this.slashingProtectionSigner);
+    this.validationService = new ValidationService(this.keyStore, this.log.createChild('validation-service'));
+  }
+
   public async start() {
     if (this.epochCacheUpdateLoop.isRunning()) {
       this.log.warn(`Validator client already started`);
       return;
     }
 
+    await this.keyStore.start();
+
     await this.registerHandlers();
 
     const myAddresses = this.getValidatorAddresses();
@@ -240,6 +329,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
 
   public async stop() {
     await this.epochCacheUpdateLoop.stop();
+    await this.keyStore.stop();
   }
 
   /** Register handlers on the p2p client */
@@ -248,9 +338,29 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       this.hasRegisteredHandlers = true;
       this.log.debug(`Registering validator handlers for p2p client`);
 
-      const handler = (block: BlockProposal, proposalSender: PeerId): Promise<BlockAttestation[] | undefined> =>
-        this.attestToProposal(block, proposalSender);
-      this.p2pClient.registerBlockProposalHandler(handler);
+      // Block proposal handler - validates but does NOT attest (validators only attest to checkpoints)
+      const blockHandler = (block: BlockProposal, proposalSender: PeerId): Promise<boolean> =>
+        this.validateBlockProposal(block, proposalSender);
+      this.p2pClient.registerBlockProposalHandler(blockHandler);
+
+      // Checkpoint proposal handler - validates and creates attestations
+      // The checkpoint is received as CheckpointProposalCore since the lastBlock is extracted
+      // and processed separately via the block handler above.
+      const checkpointHandler = (
+        checkpoint: CheckpointProposalCore,
+        proposalSender: PeerId,
+      ): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[] | undefined> => this.attestToCheckpointProposal(checkpoint, proposalSender);
+      this.p2pClient.registerCheckpointProposalHandler(checkpointHandler);
+
+      // Duplicate proposal handler - triggers slashing for equivocation
+      this.p2pClient.registerDuplicateProposalCallback((info: DuplicateProposalInfo) => {
+        this.handleDuplicateProposal(info);
+      });
+
+      // Duplicate attestation handler - triggers slashing for attestation equivocation
+      this.p2pClient.registerDuplicateAttestationCallback((info: DuplicateAttestationInfo) => {
+        this.handleDuplicateAttestation(info);
+      });
 
       const myAddresses = this.getValidatorAddresses();
       this.p2pClient.registerThisValidatorAddresses(myAddresses);
@@ -259,29 +369,46 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     }
   }
 
-  async attestToProposal(proposal: BlockProposal, proposalSender: PeerId): Promise<BlockAttestation[] | undefined> {
+  /**
+   * Validate a block proposal from a peer.
+   * Note: Validators do NOT attest to individual blocks - attestations are only for checkpoint proposals.
+   * @returns true if the proposal is valid, false otherwise
+   */
+  async validateBlockProposal(proposal: BlockProposal, proposalSender: PeerId): Promise<boolean> {
     const slotNumber = proposal.slotNumber;
+
+    // Note: During escape hatch, we still want to "validate" proposals for observability,
+    // but we intentionally reject them and disable slashing invalid block and attestation flow.
+    const escapeHatchOpen = await this.epochCache.isEscapeHatchOpenAtSlot(slotNumber);
+
     const proposer = proposal.getSender();
 
     // Reject proposals with invalid signatures
     if (!proposer) {
-      this.log.warn(`Received proposal with invalid signature for slot ${slotNumber}`);
-      return undefined;
+      this.log.warn(`Received block proposal with invalid signature for slot ${slotNumber}`);
+      return false;
     }
 
-    // Check that I have any address in current committee before attesting
+    // Log self-proposals from HA peers (same validator key on different nodes)
+    if (this.getValidatorAddresses().some(addr => addr.equals(proposer))) {
+      this.log.verbose(`Processing block proposal from HA peer for slot ${slotNumber}`, {
+        proposer: proposer.toString(),
+        slotNumber,
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Check if we're in the committee (for metrics purposes)
     const inCommittee = await this.epochCache.filterInCommittee(slotNumber, this.getValidatorAddresses());
     const partOfCommittee = inCommittee.length > 0;
 
     const proposalInfo = { ...proposal.toBlockInfo(), proposer: proposer.toString() };
-    this.log.info(`Received proposal for slot ${slotNumber}`, {
+    this.log.info(`Received block proposal for slot ${slotNumber}`, {
       ...proposalInfo,
       txHashes: proposal.txHashes.map(t => t.toString()),
       fishermanMode: this.config.fishermanMode || false,
     });
 
-    // Reexecute txs if we are part of the committee so we can attest, or if slashing is enabled so we can slash
-    // invalid proposals even when not in the committee, or if we are configured to always reexecute for monitoring purposes.
+    // Reexecute txs if we are part of the committee, or if slashing is enabled, or if we are configured to always reexecute.
     // In fisherman mode, we always reexecute to validate proposals.
     const { validatorReexecute, slashBroadcastedInvalidBlockPenalty, alwaysReexecuteBlockProposals, fishermanMode } =
       this.config;
@@ -289,18 +416,20 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       fishermanMode ||
       (slashBroadcastedInvalidBlockPenalty > 0n && validatorReexecute) ||
       (partOfCommittee && validatorReexecute) ||
-      alwaysReexecuteBlockProposals;
+      alwaysReexecuteBlockProposals ||
+      this.blobClient.canUpload();
 
     const validationResult = await this.blockProposalHandler.handleBlockProposal(
       proposal,
       proposalSender,
-      !!shouldReexecute,
+      !!shouldReexecute && !escapeHatchOpen,
     );
 
     if (!validationResult.isValid) {
-      this.log.warn(`Proposal validation failed: ${validationResult.reason}`, proposalInfo);
-
       const reason = validationResult.reason || 'unknown';
+
+      this.log.warn(`Block proposal validation failed: ${reason}`, proposalInfo);
+
       // Classify failure reason: bad proposal vs node issue
       const badProposalReasons: BlockProposalValidationFailureReason[] = [
         'invalid_proposal',
@@ -313,12 +442,13 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       if (badProposalReasons.includes(reason as BlockProposalValidationFailureReason)) {
         this.metrics.incFailedAttestationsBadProposal(1, reason, partOfCommittee);
       } else {
-        // Node issues so we can't attest
+        // Node issues so we can't validate
         this.metrics.incFailedAttestationsNodeIssue(1, reason, partOfCommittee);
       }
 
       // Slash invalid block proposals (can happen even when not in committee)
       if (
+        !escapeHatchOpen &&
         validationResult.reason &&
         SLASHABLE_BLOCK_PROPOSAL_VALIDATION_RESULT.includes(validationResult.reason) &&
         slashBroadcastedInvalidBlockPenalty > 0n
@@ -326,9 +456,96 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
         this.log.warn(`Slashing proposer for invalid block proposal`, proposalInfo);
         this.slashInvalidBlock(proposal);
       }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    this.log.info(`Validated block proposal for slot ${slotNumber}`, {
+      ...proposalInfo,
+      inCommittee: partOfCommittee,
+      fishermanMode: this.config.fishermanMode || false,
+      escapeHatchOpen,
+    });
+
+    if (escapeHatchOpen) {
+      this.log.warn(`Escape hatch open for slot ${slotNumber}, rejecting block proposal`, proposalInfo);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Validate and attest to a checkpoint proposal from a peer.
+   * The proposal is received as CheckpointProposalCore (without lastBlock) since
+   * the lastBlock is extracted and processed separately via the block handler.
+   * @returns Checkpoint attestations if valid, undefined otherwise
+   */
+  async attestToCheckpointProposal(
+    proposal: CheckpointProposalCore,
+    _proposalSender: PeerId,
+  ): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[] | undefined> {
+    const proposalSlotNumber = proposal.slotNumber;
+    const proposer = proposal.getSender();
+
+    // If escape hatch is open for this slot's epoch, do not attest.
+    if (await this.epochCache.isEscapeHatchOpenAtSlot(proposalSlotNumber)) {
+      this.log.warn(`Escape hatch open for slot ${proposalSlotNumber}, skipping checkpoint attestation handling`);
       return undefined;
     }
 
+    // Reject proposals with invalid signatures
+    if (!proposer) {
+      this.log.warn(`Received checkpoint proposal with invalid signature for proposal slot ${proposalSlotNumber}`);
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // Ignore proposals from ourselves (may happen in HA setups)
+    if (this.getValidatorAddresses().some(addr => addr.equals(proposer))) {
+      this.log.debug(`Ignoring block proposal from self for slot ${proposalSlotNumber}`, {
+        proposer: proposer.toString(),
+        proposalSlotNumber,
+      });
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // Validate fee asset price modifier is within allowed range
+    if (!validateFeeAssetPriceModifier(proposal.feeAssetPriceModifier)) {
+      this.log.warn(
+        `Received checkpoint proposal with invalid feeAssetPriceModifier ${proposal.feeAssetPriceModifier} for slot ${proposalSlotNumber}`,
+      );
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // Check that I have any address in the committee where this checkpoint will land before attesting
+    const inCommittee = await this.epochCache.filterInCommittee(proposalSlotNumber, this.getValidatorAddresses());
+    const partOfCommittee = inCommittee.length > 0;
+
+    const proposalInfo = {
+      proposalSlotNumber,
+      archive: proposal.archive.toString(),
+      proposer: proposer.toString(),
+    };
+    this.log.info(`Received checkpoint proposal for slot ${proposalSlotNumber}`, {
+      ...proposalInfo,
+      fishermanMode: this.config.fishermanMode || false,
+    });
+
+    // Validate the checkpoint proposal before attesting (unless skipCheckpointProposalValidation is set)
+    if (this.config.skipCheckpointProposalValidation) {
+      this.log.warn(`Skipping checkpoint proposal validation for slot ${proposalSlotNumber}`, proposalInfo);
+    } else {
+      const validationResult = await this.validateCheckpointProposal(proposal, proposalInfo);
+      if (!validationResult.isValid) {
+        this.log.warn(`Checkpoint proposal validation failed: ${validationResult.reason}`, proposalInfo);
+        return undefined;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Upload blobs to filestore if we can (fire and forget)
+    if (this.blobClient.canUpload()) {
+      void this.uploadBlobsForCheckpoint(proposal, proposalInfo);
+    }
+
     // Check that I have any address in current committee before attesting
     // In fisherman mode, we still create attestations for validation even if not in committee
     if (!partOfCommittee && !this.config.fishermanMode) {
@@ -337,15 +554,28 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     }
 
     // Provided all of the above checks pass, we can attest to the proposal
-    this.log.info(`${partOfCommittee ? 'Attesting to' : 'Validated'} proposal for slot ${slotNumber}`, {
-      ...proposalInfo,
-      inCommittee: partOfCommittee,
-      fishermanMode: this.config.fishermanMode || false,
-    });
+    this.log.info(
+      `${partOfCommittee ? 'Attesting to' : 'Validated'} checkpoint proposal for slot ${proposalSlotNumber}`,
+      {
+        ...proposalInfo,
+        inCommittee: partOfCommittee,
+        fishermanMode: this.config.fishermanMode || false,
+      },
+    );
 
     this.metrics.incSuccessfulAttestations(inCommittee.length);
 
-    // If the above function does not throw an error, then we can attest to the proposal
+    // Track epoch participation per attester: count each (attester, epoch) pair at most once
+    const proposalEpoch = getEpochAtSlot(proposalSlotNumber, this.epochCache.getL1Constants());
+    for (const attester of inCommittee) {
+      const key = attester.toString();
+      const lastEpoch = this.lastAttestedEpochByAttester.get(key);
+      if (lastEpoch === undefined || proposalEpoch > lastEpoch) {
+        this.lastAttestedEpochByAttester.set(key, proposalEpoch);
+        this.metrics.incAttestedEpochCount(attester);
+      }
+    }
+
     // Determine which validators should attest
     let attestors: EthAddress[];
     if (partOfCommittee) {
@@ -364,13 +594,248 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
 
     if (this.config.fishermanMode) {
       // bail out early and don't save attestations to the pool in fisherman mode
-      this.log.info(`Creating attestations for proposal for slot ${slotNumber}`, {
+      this.log.info(`Creating checkpoint attestations for slot ${proposalSlotNumber}`, {
         ...proposalInfo,
         attestors: attestors.map(a => a.toString()),
       });
       return undefined;
     }
-    return this.createBlockAttestationsFromProposal(proposal, attestors);
+
+    return await this.createCheckpointAttestationsFromProposal(proposal, attestors);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if we should attest to a slot based on equivocation prevention rules.
+   * @returns true if we should attest, false if we should skip
+   */
+  private shouldAttestToSlot(slotNumber: SlotNumber): boolean {
+    // If attestToEquivocatedProposals is true, always allow
+    if (this.config.attestToEquivocatedProposals) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Check if incoming slot is strictly greater than last attested
+    if (this.lastAttestedProposal && slotNumber <= this.lastAttestedProposal.slotNumber) {
+      this.log.warn(
+        `Refusing to process a proposal for slot ${slotNumber} given we already attested to a proposal for slot ${this.lastAttestedProposal.slotNumber}`,
+      );
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private async createCheckpointAttestationsFromProposal(
+    proposal: CheckpointProposalCore,
+    attestors: EthAddress[] = [],
+  ): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[] | undefined> {
+    // Equivocation check: must happen right before signing to minimize the race window
+    if (!this.shouldAttestToSlot(proposal.slotNumber)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    const attestations = await this.validationService.attestToCheckpointProposal(proposal, attestors);
+
+    // Track the proposal we attested to (to prevent equivocation)
+    this.lastAttestedProposal = proposal;
+
+    await this.p2pClient.addOwnCheckpointAttestations(attestations);
+    return attestations;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Validates a checkpoint proposal by building the full checkpoint and comparing it with the proposal.
+   * @returns Validation result with isValid flag and reason if invalid.
+   */
+  private async validateCheckpointProposal(
+    proposal: CheckpointProposalCore,
+    proposalInfo: LogData,
+  ): Promise<{ isValid: true } | { isValid: false; reason: string }> {
+    const slot = proposal.slotNumber;
+
+    // Timeout block syncing at the start of the next slot
+    const config = this.checkpointsBuilder.getConfig();
+    const nextSlotTimestampSeconds = Number(getTimestampForSlot(SlotNumber(slot + 1), config));
+    const timeoutSeconds = Math.max(1, nextSlotTimestampSeconds - Math.floor(this.dateProvider.now() / 1000));
+
+    // Wait for last block to sync by archive
+    let lastBlockHeader: BlockHeader | undefined;
+    try {
+      lastBlockHeader = await retryUntil(
+        async () => {
+          await this.blockSource.syncImmediate();
+          return this.blockSource.getBlockHeaderByArchive(proposal.archive);
+        },
+        `waiting for block with archive ${proposal.archive.toString()} for slot ${slot}`,
+        timeoutSeconds,
+        0.5,
+      );
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof TimeoutError) {
+        this.log.warn(`Timed out waiting for block with archive matching checkpoint proposal`, proposalInfo);
+        return { isValid: false, reason: 'last_block_not_found' };
+      }
+      this.log.error(`Error fetching last block for checkpoint proposal`, err, proposalInfo);
+      return { isValid: false, reason: 'block_fetch_error' };
+    }
+
+    if (!lastBlockHeader) {
+      this.log.warn(`Last block not found for checkpoint proposal`, proposalInfo);
+      return { isValid: false, reason: 'last_block_not_found' };
+    }
+
+    // Get all full blocks for the slot and checkpoint
+    const blocks = await this.blockSource.getBlocksForSlot(slot);
+    if (blocks.length === 0) {
+      this.log.warn(`No blocks found for slot ${slot}`, proposalInfo);
+      return { isValid: false, reason: 'no_blocks_for_slot' };
+    }
+
+    // Ensure the last block for this slot matches the archive in the checkpoint proposal
+    if (!blocks.at(-1)?.archive.root.equals(proposal.archive)) {
+      this.log.warn(`Last block archive mismatch for checkpoint proposal`, proposalInfo);
+      return { isValid: false, reason: 'last_block_archive_mismatch' };
+    }
+
+    this.log.debug(`Found ${blocks.length} blocks for slot ${slot}`, {
+      ...proposalInfo,
+      blockNumbers: blocks.map(b => b.number),
+    });
+
+    // Get checkpoint constants from first block
+    const firstBlock = blocks[0];
+    const constants = this.extractCheckpointConstants(firstBlock);
+    const checkpointNumber = firstBlock.checkpointNumber;
+
+    // Get L1-to-L2 messages for this checkpoint
+    const l1ToL2Messages = await this.l1ToL2MessageSource.getL1ToL2Messages(checkpointNumber);
+
+    // Collect the out hashes of all the checkpoints before this one in the same epoch
+    const epoch = getEpochAtSlot(slot, this.epochCache.getL1Constants());
+    const previousCheckpointOutHashes = (await this.blockSource.getCheckpointsDataForEpoch(epoch))
+      .filter(c => c.checkpointNumber < checkpointNumber)
+      .map(c => c.checkpointOutHash);
+
+    // Fork world state at the block before the first block
+    const parentBlockNumber = BlockNumber(firstBlock.number - 1);
+    const fork = await this.worldState.fork(parentBlockNumber);
+
+    try {
+      // Create checkpoint builder with all existing blocks
+      const checkpointBuilder = await this.checkpointsBuilder.openCheckpoint(
+        checkpointNumber,
+        constants,
+        proposal.feeAssetPriceModifier,
+        l1ToL2Messages,
+        previousCheckpointOutHashes,
+        fork,
+        blocks,
+        this.log.getBindings(),
+      );
+
+      // Complete the checkpoint to get computed values
+      const computedCheckpoint = await checkpointBuilder.completeCheckpoint();
+
+      // Compare checkpoint header with proposal
+      if (!computedCheckpoint.header.equals(proposal.checkpointHeader)) {
+        this.log.warn(`Checkpoint header mismatch`, {
+          ...proposalInfo,
+          computed: computedCheckpoint.header.toInspect(),
+          proposal: proposal.checkpointHeader.toInspect(),
+        });
+        return { isValid: false, reason: 'checkpoint_header_mismatch' };
+      }
+
+      // Compare archive root with proposal
+      if (!computedCheckpoint.archive.root.equals(proposal.archive)) {
+        this.log.warn(`Archive root mismatch`, {
+          ...proposalInfo,
+          computed: computedCheckpoint.archive.root.toString(),
+          proposal: proposal.archive.toString(),
+        });
+        return { isValid: false, reason: 'archive_mismatch' };
+      }
+
+      // Check that the accumulated epoch out hash matches the value in the proposal.
+      // The epoch out hash is the accumulated hash of all checkpoint out hashes in the epoch.
+      const checkpointOutHash = computedCheckpoint.getCheckpointOutHash();
+      const computedEpochOutHash = accumulateCheckpointOutHashes([...previousCheckpointOutHashes, checkpointOutHash]);
+      const proposalEpochOutHash = proposal.checkpointHeader.epochOutHash;
+      if (!computedEpochOutHash.equals(proposalEpochOutHash)) {
+        this.log.warn(`Epoch out hash mismatch`, {
+          proposalEpochOutHash: proposalEpochOutHash.toString(),
+          computedEpochOutHash: computedEpochOutHash.toString(),
+          checkpointOutHash: checkpointOutHash.toString(),
+          previousCheckpointOutHashes: previousCheckpointOutHashes.map(h => h.toString()),
+          ...proposalInfo,
+        });
+        return { isValid: false, reason: 'out_hash_mismatch' };
+      }
+
+      // Final round of validations on the checkpoint, just in case.
+      try {
+        validateCheckpoint(computedCheckpoint, {
+          rollupManaLimit: this.checkpointsBuilder.getConfig().rollupManaLimit,
+          maxDABlockGas: this.config.validateMaxDABlockGas,
+          maxL2BlockGas: this.config.validateMaxL2BlockGas,
+          maxTxsPerBlock: this.config.validateMaxTxsPerBlock,
+          maxTxsPerCheckpoint: this.config.validateMaxTxsPerCheckpoint,
+        });
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.log.warn(`Checkpoint validation failed: ${err}`, proposalInfo);
+        return { isValid: false, reason: 'checkpoint_validation_failed' };
+      }
+
+      this.log.verbose(`Checkpoint proposal validation successful for slot ${slot}`, proposalInfo);
+      return { isValid: true };
+    } finally {
+      await fork.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Extract checkpoint global variables from a block.
+   */
+  private extractCheckpointConstants(block: L2Block): CheckpointGlobalVariables {
+    const gv = block.header.globalVariables;
+    return {
+      chainId: gv.chainId,
+      version: gv.version,
+      slotNumber: gv.slotNumber,
+      timestamp: gv.timestamp,
+      coinbase: gv.coinbase,
+      feeRecipient: gv.feeRecipient,
+      gasFees: gv.gasFees,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Uploads blobs for a checkpoint to the filestore (fire and forget).
+   */
+  protected async uploadBlobsForCheckpoint(proposal: CheckpointProposalCore, proposalInfo: LogData): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      const lastBlockHeader = await this.blockSource.getBlockHeaderByArchive(proposal.archive);
+      if (!lastBlockHeader) {
+        this.log.warn(`Failed to get last block header for blob upload`, proposalInfo);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const blocks = await this.blockSource.getBlocksForSlot(proposal.slotNumber);
+      if (blocks.length === 0) {
+        this.log.warn(`No blocks found for blob upload`, proposalInfo);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const blobFields = blocks.flatMap(b => b.toBlobFields());
+      const blobs: Blob[] = await getBlobsPerL1Block(blobFields);
+      await this.blobClient.sendBlobsToFilestore(blobs);
+      this.log.debug(`Uploaded ${blobs.length} blobs to filestore for checkpoint at slot ${proposal.slotNumber}`, {
+        ...proposalInfo,
+        numBlobs: blobs.length,
+      });
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.log.warn(`Failed to upload blobs for checkpoint: ${err}`, proposalInfo);
+    }
   }
 
   private slashInvalidBlock(proposal: BlockProposal) {
@@ -400,24 +865,125 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     ]);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Handle detection of a duplicate proposal (equivocation).
+   * Emits a slash event when a proposer sends multiple proposals for the same position.
+   */
+  private handleDuplicateProposal(info: DuplicateProposalInfo): void {
+    const { slot, proposer, type } = info;
+
+    this.log.warn(`Triggering slash event for duplicate ${type} proposal from ${proposer.toString()} at slot ${slot}`, {
+      proposer: proposer.toString(),
+      slot,
+      type,
+    });
+
+    // Emit slash event
+    this.emit(WANT_TO_SLASH_EVENT, [
+      {
+        validator: proposer,
+        amount: this.config.slashDuplicateProposalPenalty,
+        offenseType: OffenseType.DUPLICATE_PROPOSAL,
+        epochOrSlot: BigInt(slot),
+      },
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handle detection of a duplicate attestation (equivocation).
+   * Emits a slash event when an attester signs attestations for different proposals at the same slot.
+   */
+  private handleDuplicateAttestation(info: DuplicateAttestationInfo): void {
+    const { slot, attester } = info;
+
+    this.log.warn(`Triggering slash event for duplicate attestation from ${attester.toString()} at slot ${slot}`, {
+      attester: attester.toString(),
+      slot,
+    });
+
+    this.emit(WANT_TO_SLASH_EVENT, [
+      {
+        validator: attester,
+        amount: this.config.slashDuplicateAttestationPenalty,
+        offenseType: OffenseType.DUPLICATE_ATTESTATION,
+        epochOrSlot: BigInt(slot),
+      },
+    ]);
+  }
+
   async createBlockProposal(
-    blockNumber: number,
-    header: CheckpointHeader,
+    blockHeader: BlockHeader,
+    indexWithinCheckpoint: IndexWithinCheckpoint,
+    inHash: Fr,
     archive: Fr,
     txs: Tx[],
     proposerAddress: EthAddress | undefined,
-    options: BlockProposalOptions,
-  ): Promise<BlockProposal | undefined> {
-    if (this.previousProposal?.slotNumber === header.slotNumber) {
-      this.log.verbose(`Already made a proposal for the same slot, skipping proposal`);
-      return Promise.resolve(undefined);
+    options: BlockProposalOptions = {},
+  ): Promise<BlockProposal> {
+    // Validate that we're not creating a proposal for an older or equal position
+    if (this.lastProposedBlock) {
+      const lastSlot = this.lastProposedBlock.slotNumber;
+      const lastIndex = this.lastProposedBlock.indexWithinCheckpoint;
+      const newSlot = blockHeader.globalVariables.slotNumber;
+
+      if (newSlot < lastSlot || (newSlot === lastSlot && indexWithinCheckpoint <= lastIndex)) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Cannot create block proposal for slot ${newSlot} index ${indexWithinCheckpoint}: ` +
+            `already proposed block for slot ${lastSlot} index ${lastIndex}`,
+        );
+      }
     }
 
-    const newProposal = await this.validationService.createBlockProposal(header, archive, txs, proposerAddress, {
-      ...options,
-      broadcastInvalidBlockProposal: this.config.broadcastInvalidBlockProposal,
-    });
-    this.previousProposal = newProposal;
+    this.log.info(
+      `Assembling block proposal for block ${blockHeader.globalVariables.blockNumber} slot ${blockHeader.globalVariables.slotNumber}`,
+    );
+    const newProposal = await this.validationService.createBlockProposal(
+      blockHeader,
+      indexWithinCheckpoint,
+      inHash,
+      archive,
+      txs,
+      proposerAddress,
+      {
+        ...options,
+        broadcastInvalidBlockProposal: this.config.broadcastInvalidBlockProposal,
+      },
+    );
+    this.lastProposedBlock = newProposal;
+    return newProposal;
+  }
+
+  async createCheckpointProposal(
+    checkpointHeader: CheckpointHeader,
+    archive: Fr,
+    feeAssetPriceModifier: bigint,
+    lastBlockInfo: CreateCheckpointProposalLastBlockData | undefined,
+    proposerAddress: EthAddress | undefined,
+    options: CheckpointProposalOptions = {},
+  ): Promise<CheckpointProposal> {
+    // Validate that we're not creating a proposal for an older or equal slot
+    if (this.lastProposedCheckpoint) {
+      const lastSlot = this.lastProposedCheckpoint.slotNumber;
+      const newSlot = checkpointHeader.slotNumber;
+
+      if (newSlot <= lastSlot) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Cannot create checkpoint proposal for slot ${newSlot}: ` +
+            `already proposed checkpoint for slot ${lastSlot}`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.log.info(`Assembling checkpoint proposal for slot ${checkpointHeader.slotNumber}`);
+    const newProposal = await this.validationService.createCheckpointProposal(
+      checkpointHeader,
+      archive,
+      feeAssetPriceModifier,
+      lastBlockInfo,
+      proposerAddress,
+      options,
+    );
+    this.lastProposedCheckpoint = newProposal;
     return newProposal;
   }
 
@@ -428,28 +994,38 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
   async signAttestationsAndSigners(
     attestationsAndSigners: CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners,
     proposer: EthAddress,
+    slot: SlotNumber,
+    blockNumber: BlockNumber | CheckpointNumber,
   ): Promise<Signature> {
-    return await this.validationService.signAttestationsAndSigners(attestationsAndSigners, proposer);
+    return await this.validationService.signAttestationsAndSigners(attestationsAndSigners, proposer, slot, blockNumber);
   }
 
-  async collectOwnAttestations(proposal: BlockProposal): Promise<BlockAttestation[]> {
-    const slot = proposal.payload.header.slotNumber;
+  async collectOwnAttestations(proposal: CheckpointProposal): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[]> {
+    const slot = proposal.slotNumber;
     const inCommittee = await this.epochCache.filterInCommittee(slot, this.getValidatorAddresses());
     this.log.debug(`Collecting ${inCommittee.length} self-attestations for slot ${slot}`, { inCommittee });
-    const attestations = await this.createBlockAttestationsFromProposal(proposal, inCommittee);
+    const attestations = await this.createCheckpointAttestationsFromProposal(proposal, inCommittee);
+
+    if (!attestations) {
+      return [];
+    }
 
     // We broadcast our own attestations to our peers so, in case our block does not get mined on L1,
     // other nodes can see that our validators did attest to this block proposal, and do not slash us
     // due to inactivity for missed attestations.
-    void this.p2pClient.broadcastAttestations(attestations).catch(err => {
+    void this.p2pClient.broadcastCheckpointAttestations(attestations).catch(err => {
       this.log.error(`Failed to broadcast self-attestations for slot ${slot}`, err);
     });
     return attestations;
   }
 
-  async collectAttestations(proposal: BlockProposal, required: number, deadline: Date): Promise<BlockAttestation[]> {
-    // Wait and poll the p2pClient's attestation pool for this block until we have enough attestations
-    const slot = proposal.payload.header.slotNumber;
+  async collectAttestations(
+    proposal: CheckpointProposal,
+    required: number,
+    deadline: Date,
+  ): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[]> {
+    // Wait and poll the p2pClient's attestation pool for this checkpoint until we have enough attestations
+    const slot = proposal.slotNumber;
     this.log.debug(`Collecting ${required} attestations for slot ${slot} with deadline ${deadline.toISOString()}`);
 
     if (+deadline < this.dateProvider.now()) {
@@ -464,16 +1040,16 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     const proposalId = proposal.archive.toString();
     const myAddresses = this.getValidatorAddresses();
 
-    let attestations: BlockAttestation[] = [];
+    let attestations: CheckpointAttestation[] = [];
     while (true) {
-      // Filter out attestations with a mismatching payload. This should NOT happen since we have verified
+      // Filter out attestations with a mismatching archive. This should NOT happen since we have verified
       // the proposer signature (ie our own) before accepting the attestation into the pool via the p2p client.
-      const collectedAttestations = (await this.p2pClient.getAttestationsForSlot(slot, proposalId)).filter(
+      const collectedAttestations = (await this.p2pClient.getCheckpointAttestationsForSlot(slot, proposalId)).filter(
         attestation => {
-          if (!attestation.payload.equals(proposal.payload)) {
+          if (!attestation.archive.equals(proposal.archive)) {
             this.log.warn(
-              `Received attestation for slot ${slot} with mismatched payload from ${attestation.getSender()?.toString()}`,
-              { attestationPayload: attestation.payload, proposalPayload: proposal.payload },
+              `Received attestation for slot ${slot} with mismatched archive from ${attestation.getSender()?.toString()}`,
+              { attestationArchive: attestation.archive.toString(), proposalArchive: proposal.archive.toString() },
             );
             return false;
           }
@@ -514,15 +1090,6 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     }
   }
 
-  private async createBlockAttestationsFromProposal(
-    proposal: BlockProposal,
-    attestors: EthAddress[] = [],
-  ): Promise<BlockAttestation[]> {
-    const attestations = await this.validationService.attestToProposal(proposal, attestors);
-    await this.p2pClient.addAttestations(attestations);
-    return attestations;
-  }
-
   private async handleAuthRequest(peer: PeerId, msg: Buffer): Promise<Buffer> {
     const authRequest = AuthRequest.fromBuffer(msg);
     const statusMessage = await this.p2pClient.handleAuthRequestFromPeer(authRequest, peer).catch(_ => undefined);
@@ -541,7 +1108,9 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     }
 
     const payloadToSign = authRequest.getPayloadToSign();
-    const signature = await this.keyStore.signMessageWithAddress(addressToUse, payloadToSign);
+    // AUTH_REQUEST doesn't require HA protection - multiple signatures are safe
+    const context: SigningContext = { dutyType: DutyType.AUTH_REQUEST };
+    const signature = await this.keyStore.signMessageWithAddress(addressToUse, payloadToSign, context);
     const authResponse = new AuthResponse(statusMessage, signature);
     return authResponse.toBuffer();
   }