@aztec/validator-client 0.0.1-commit.64b6bbb → 0.0.1-commit.684755437

package/src/checkpoint_builder.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+import { NUM_CHECKPOINT_END_MARKER_FIELDS, getNumBlockEndBlobFields } from '@aztec/blob-lib/encoding';
+import { BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT, FIELDS_PER_BLOB, MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { BlockNumber, CheckpointNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
-import { merge, pick } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
+import { merge, pick, sum } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { type Logger, type LoggerBindings, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { bufferToHex } from '@aztec/foundation/string';
 import { DateProvider, elapsed } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
-import { getDefaultAllowedSetupFunctions } from '@aztec/p2p/msg_validators';
+import { createTxValidatorForBlockBuilding, getDefaultAllowedSetupFunctions } from '@aztec/p2p/msg_validators';
 import { LightweightCheckpointBuilder } from '@aztec/prover-client/light';
 import {
   GuardedMerkleTreeOperations,
@@ -28,12 +30,11 @@ import {
   type PublicProcessorLimits,
   type WorldStateSynchronizer,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
+import { type DebugLogStore, NullDebugLogStore } from '@aztec/stdlib/logs';
 import { MerkleTreeId } from '@aztec/stdlib/trees';
 import { type CheckpointGlobalVariables, GlobalVariables, StateReference, Tx } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 import { type TelemetryClient, getTelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
-import { createValidatorForBlockBuilding } from './tx_validator/tx_validator_factory.js';
-
 // Re-export for backward compatibility
 export type { BuildBlockInCheckpointResult } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
 
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ export class CheckpointBuilder implements ICheckpointBlockBuilder {
     private dateProvider: DateProvider,
     private telemetryClient: TelemetryClient,
     bindings?: LoggerBindings,
+    private debugLogStore: DebugLogStore = new NullDebugLogStore(),
   ) {
     this.log = createLogger('checkpoint-builder', {
       ...bindings,
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ export class CheckpointBuilder implements ICheckpointBlockBuilder {
 
   /**
    * Builds a single block within this checkpoint.
+   * Automatically caps gas and blob field limits based on checkpoint-level budgets and prior blocks.
    */
   async buildBlock(
     pendingTxs: Iterable<Tx> | AsyncIterable<Tx>,
@@ -94,8 +97,14 @@ export class CheckpointBuilder implements ICheckpointBlockBuilder {
     });
     const { processor, validator } = await this.makeBlockBuilderDeps(globalVariables, this.fork);
 
-    const [publicProcessorDuration, [processedTxs, failedTxs, usedTxs, _, usedTxBlobFields]] = await elapsed(() =>
-      processor.process(pendingTxs, opts, validator),
+    // Cap gas limits amd available blob fields by remaining checkpoint-level budgets
+    const cappedOpts: PublicProcessorLimits & { expectedEndState?: StateReference } = {
+      ...opts,
+      ...this.capLimitsByCheckpointBudgets(opts),
+    };
+
+    const [publicProcessorDuration, [processedTxs, failedTxs, usedTxs]] = await elapsed(() =>
+      processor.process(pendingTxs, cappedOpts, validator),
     );
 
     // Throw if we didn't collect a single valid tx and we're not allowed to build empty blocks
@@ -105,13 +114,10 @@ export class CheckpointBuilder implements ICheckpointBlockBuilder {
     }
 
     // Add block to checkpoint
-    const block = await this.checkpointBuilder.addBlock(globalVariables, processedTxs, {
+    const { block } = await this.checkpointBuilder.addBlock(globalVariables, processedTxs, {
       expectedEndState: opts.expectedEndState,
     });
 
-    // How much public gas was processed
-    const publicGas = processedTxs.reduce((acc, tx) => acc.add(tx.gasUsed.publicGas), Gas.empty());
-
     this.log.debug('Built block within checkpoint', {
       header: block.header.toInspect(),
       processedTxs: processedTxs.map(tx => tx.hash.toString()),
@@ -120,12 +126,10 @@ export class CheckpointBuilder implements ICheckpointBlockBuilder {
 
     return {
       block,
-      publicGas,
       publicProcessorDuration,
       numTxs: processedTxs.length,
       failedTxs,
       usedTxs,
-      usedTxBlobFields,
     };
   }
 
@@ -147,11 +151,71 @@ export class CheckpointBuilder implements ICheckpointBlockBuilder {
     return this.checkpointBuilder.clone().completeCheckpoint();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Caps per-block gas and blob field limits by remaining checkpoint-level budgets.
+   * Computes remaining L2 gas (mana), DA gas, and blob fields from blocks already added to the checkpoint,
+   * then returns opts with maxBlockGas and maxBlobFields capped accordingly.
+   */
+  protected capLimitsByCheckpointBudgets(
+    opts: PublicProcessorLimits,
+  ): Pick<PublicProcessorLimits, 'maxBlockGas' | 'maxBlobFields' | 'maxTransactions'> {
+    const existingBlocks = this.checkpointBuilder.getBlocks();
+
+    // Remaining L2 gas (mana)
+    // IMPORTANT: This assumes mana is computed solely based on L2 gas used in transactions.
+    // This may change in the future.
+    const usedMana = sum(existingBlocks.map(b => b.header.totalManaUsed.toNumber()));
+    const remainingMana = this.config.rollupManaLimit - usedMana;
+
+    // Remaining DA gas
+    const usedDAGas = sum(existingBlocks.map(b => b.computeDAGasUsed())) ?? 0;
+    const remainingDAGas = MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT - usedDAGas;
+
+    // Remaining blob fields (block blob fields include both tx data and block-end overhead)
+    const usedBlobFields = sum(existingBlocks.map(b => b.toBlobFields().length));
+    const totalBlobCapacity = BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT * FIELDS_PER_BLOB - NUM_CHECKPOINT_END_MARKER_FIELDS;
+    const isFirstBlock = existingBlocks.length === 0;
+    const blockEndOverhead = getNumBlockEndBlobFields(isFirstBlock);
+    const maxBlobFieldsForTxs = totalBlobCapacity - usedBlobFields - blockEndOverhead;
+
+    // Cap L2 gas by remaining checkpoint mana
+    const cappedL2Gas = Math.min(opts.maxBlockGas?.l2Gas ?? remainingMana, remainingMana);
+
+    // Cap DA gas by remaining checkpoint DA gas budget
+    const cappedDAGas = Math.min(opts.maxBlockGas?.daGas ?? remainingDAGas, remainingDAGas);
+
+    // Cap blob fields by remaining checkpoint blob capacity
+    const cappedBlobFields =
+      opts.maxBlobFields !== undefined ? Math.min(opts.maxBlobFields, maxBlobFieldsForTxs) : maxBlobFieldsForTxs;
+
+    // Cap transaction count by remaining checkpoint tx budget
+    let cappedMaxTransactions: number | undefined;
+    if (this.config.maxTxsPerCheckpoint !== undefined) {
+      const usedTxs = sum(existingBlocks.map(b => b.body.txEffects.length));
+      const remainingTxs = Math.max(0, this.config.maxTxsPerCheckpoint - usedTxs);
+      cappedMaxTransactions =
+        opts.maxTransactions !== undefined ? Math.min(opts.maxTransactions, remainingTxs) : remainingTxs;
+    } else {
+      cappedMaxTransactions = opts.maxTransactions;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      maxBlockGas: new Gas(cappedDAGas, cappedL2Gas),
+      maxBlobFields: cappedBlobFields,
+      maxTransactions: cappedMaxTransactions,
+    };
+  }
+
   protected async makeBlockBuilderDeps(globalVariables: GlobalVariables, fork: MerkleTreeWriteOperations) {
-    const txPublicSetupAllowList = this.config.txPublicSetupAllowList ?? (await getDefaultAllowedSetupFunctions());
+    const txPublicSetupAllowList = [
+      ...(await getDefaultAllowedSetupFunctions()),
+      ...(this.config.txPublicSetupAllowListExtend ?? []),
+    ];
     const contractsDB = new PublicContractsDB(this.contractDataSource, this.log.getBindings());
     const guardedFork = new GuardedMerkleTreeOperations(fork);
 
+    const collectDebugLogs = this.debugLogStore.isEnabled;
+
     const bindings = this.log.getBindings();
     const publicTxSimulator = createPublicTxSimulatorForBlockBuilding(
       guardedFork,
@@ -159,6 +223,7 @@ export class CheckpointBuilder implements ICheckpointBlockBuilder {
       globalVariables,
       this.telemetryClient,
       bindings,
+      collectDebugLogs,
     );
 
     const processor = new PublicProcessor(
@@ -170,9 +235,10 @@ export class CheckpointBuilder implements ICheckpointBlockBuilder {
       this.telemetryClient,
       createLogger('simulator:public-processor', bindings),
       this.config,
+      this.debugLogStore,
     );
 
-    const validator = createValidatorForBlockBuilding(
+    const validator = createTxValidatorForBlockBuilding(
       fork,
       this.contractDataSource,
       globalVariables,
@@ -197,6 +263,7 @@ export class FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder implements ICheckpointsBuilder {
     private contractDataSource: ContractDataSource,
     private dateProvider: DateProvider,
     private telemetryClient: TelemetryClient = getTelemetryClient(),
+    private debugLogStore: DebugLogStore = new NullDebugLogStore(),
   ) {
     this.log = createLogger('checkpoint-builder');
   }
@@ -215,6 +282,7 @@ export class FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder implements ICheckpointsBuilder {
   async startCheckpoint(
     checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber,
     constants: CheckpointGlobalVariables,
+    feeAssetPriceModifier: bigint,
     l1ToL2Messages: Fr[],
     previousCheckpointOutHashes: Fr[],
     fork: MerkleTreeWriteOperations,
@@ -229,6 +297,7 @@ export class FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder implements ICheckpointsBuilder {
       initialStateReference: stateReference.toInspect(),
       initialArchiveRoot: bufferToHex(archiveTree.root),
       constants,
+      feeAssetPriceModifier,
     });
 
     const lightweightBuilder = await LightweightCheckpointBuilder.startNewCheckpoint(
@@ -238,6 +307,7 @@ export class FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder implements ICheckpointsBuilder {
       previousCheckpointOutHashes,
       fork,
       bindings,
+      feeAssetPriceModifier,
     );
 
     return new CheckpointBuilder(
@@ -248,6 +318,7 @@ export class FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder implements ICheckpointsBuilder {
       this.dateProvider,
       this.telemetryClient,
       bindings,
+      this.debugLogStore,
     );
   }
 
@@ -257,6 +328,7 @@ export class FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder implements ICheckpointsBuilder {
   async openCheckpoint(
     checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber,
     constants: CheckpointGlobalVariables,
+    feeAssetPriceModifier: bigint,
     l1ToL2Messages: Fr[],
     previousCheckpointOutHashes: Fr[],
     fork: MerkleTreeWriteOperations,
@@ -270,6 +342,7 @@ export class FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder implements ICheckpointsBuilder {
       return this.startCheckpoint(
         checkpointNumber,
         constants,
+        feeAssetPriceModifier,
         l1ToL2Messages,
         previousCheckpointOutHashes,
         fork,
@@ -284,11 +357,13 @@ export class FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder implements ICheckpointsBuilder {
       initialStateReference: stateReference.toInspect(),
       initialArchiveRoot: bufferToHex(archiveTree.root),
       constants,
+      feeAssetPriceModifier,
     });
 
     const lightweightBuilder = await LightweightCheckpointBuilder.resumeCheckpoint(
       checkpointNumber,
       constants,
+      feeAssetPriceModifier,
       l1ToL2Messages,
       previousCheckpointOutHashes,
       fork,
@@ -304,6 +379,7 @@ export class FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder implements ICheckpointsBuilder {
       this.dateProvider,
       this.telemetryClient,
       bindings,
+      this.debugLogStore,
     );
   }
 

package/src/config.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import {
   secretValueConfigHelper,
 } from '@aztec/foundation/config';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
+import { localSignerConfigMappings, validatorHASignerConfigMappings } from '@aztec/stdlib/ha-signing';
 import type { ValidatorClientConfig } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
-import { validatorHASignerConfigMappings } from '@aztec/validator-ha-signer/config';
 
 export type { ValidatorClientConfig };
 
@@ -77,6 +77,27 @@ export const validatorClientConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<ValidatorClientCo
     description: 'Agree to attest to equivocated checkpoint proposals (for testing purposes only)',
     ...booleanConfigHelper(false),
   },
+  validateMaxL2BlockGas: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_MAX_L2_BLOCK_GAS',
+    description: 'Maximum L2 block gas for validation. Proposals exceeding this limit are rejected.',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => (val ? parseInt(val, 10) : undefined),
+  },
+  validateMaxDABlockGas: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_MAX_DA_BLOCK_GAS',
+    description: 'Maximum DA block gas for validation. Proposals exceeding this limit are rejected.',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => (val ? parseInt(val, 10) : undefined),
+  },
+  validateMaxTxsPerBlock: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_MAX_TX_PER_BLOCK',
+    description: 'Maximum transactions per block for validation. Proposals exceeding this limit are rejected.',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => (val ? parseInt(val, 10) : undefined),
+  },
+  validateMaxTxsPerCheckpoint: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_MAX_TX_PER_CHECKPOINT',
+    description: 'Maximum transactions per checkpoint for validation. Proposals exceeding this limit are rejected.',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => (val ? parseInt(val, 10) : undefined),
+  },
+  ...localSignerConfigMappings,
   ...validatorHASignerConfigMappings,
 };
 

package/src/duties/validation_service.ts

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ export class ValidationService {
   public createCheckpointProposal(
     checkpointHeader: CheckpointHeader,
     archive: Fr,
+    feeAssetPriceModifier: bigint,
     lastBlockInfo: CreateCheckpointProposalLastBlockData | undefined,
     proposerAttesterAddress: EthAddress | undefined,
     options: CheckpointProposalOptions,
@@ -119,7 +120,13 @@ export class ValidationService {
       txs: options.publishFullTxs ? lastBlockInfo.txs : undefined,
     };
 
-    return CheckpointProposal.createProposalFromSigner(checkpointHeader, archive, lastBlock, payloadSigner);
+    return CheckpointProposal.createProposalFromSigner(
+      checkpointHeader,
+      archive,
+      feeAssetPriceModifier,
+      lastBlock,
+      payloadSigner,
+    );
   }
 
   /**
@@ -137,22 +144,16 @@ export class ValidationService {
     attestors: EthAddress[],
   ): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[]> {
     // Create the attestation payload from the checkpoint proposal
-    const payload = new ConsensusPayload(proposal.checkpointHeader, proposal.archive);
+    const payload = new ConsensusPayload(proposal.checkpointHeader, proposal.archive, proposal.feeAssetPriceModifier);
     const buf = Buffer32.fromBuffer(
       keccak256(payload.getPayloadToSign(SignatureDomainSeparator.checkpointAttestation)),
     );
 
     // TODO(spy/ha): Use checkpointNumber instead of blockNumber once CheckpointHeader includes it.
-    // Currently using lastBlock.blockNumber as a proxy for checkpoint identification in HA signing.
+    // CheckpointProposalCore doesn't have lastBlock info, so use 0 as a proxy.
     // blockNumber is NOT used for the primary key so it's safe to use here.
     // See CheckpointHeader TODO and SigningContext types documentation.
-    let blockNumber: BlockNumber;
-    try {
-      blockNumber = proposal.blockNumber;
-    } catch {
-      // Checkpoint proposal may not have lastBlock, use 0 as fallback
-      blockNumber = BlockNumber(0);
-    }
+    const blockNumber = BlockNumber(0);
     const context: SigningContext = {
       slot: proposal.slotNumber,
       blockNumber,

package/src/factory.ts

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ export function createBlockProposalHandler(
   const metrics = new ValidatorMetrics(deps.telemetry);
   const blockProposalValidator = new BlockProposalValidator(deps.epochCache, {
     txsPermitted: !config.disableTransactions,
+    maxTxsPerBlock: config.validateMaxTxsPerBlock,
   });
   return new BlockProposalHandler(
     deps.checkpointsBuilder,

package/src/index.ts

@@ -4,4 +4,3 @@ export * from './config.js';
 export * from './factory.js';
 export * from './validator.js';
 export * from './key_store/index.js';
-export * from './tx_validator/index.js';

package/src/metrics.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import type { EpochNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { BlockProposal } from '@aztec/stdlib/p2p';
 import {
   Attributes,
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ export class ValidatorMetrics {
   private successfulAttestationsCount: UpDownCounter;
   private failedAttestationsBadProposalCount: UpDownCounter;
   private failedAttestationsNodeIssueCount: UpDownCounter;
+  private currentEpoch: Gauge;
+  private attestedEpochCount: UpDownCounter;
 
   private reexMana: Histogram;
   private reexTx: Histogram;
@@ -64,6 +68,10 @@ export class ValidatorMetrics {
       },
     );
 
+    this.currentEpoch = meter.createGauge(Metrics.VALIDATOR_CURRENT_EPOCH);
+
+    this.attestedEpochCount = createUpDownCounterWithDefault(meter, Metrics.VALIDATOR_ATTESTED_EPOCH_COUNT);
+
     this.reexMana = meter.createHistogram(Metrics.VALIDATOR_RE_EXECUTION_MANA);
 
     this.reexTx = meter.createHistogram(Metrics.VALIDATOR_RE_EXECUTION_TX_COUNT);
@@ -110,4 +118,14 @@ export class ValidatorMetrics {
       [Attributes.IS_COMMITTEE_MEMBER]: inCommittee,
     });
   }
+
+  /** Update the gauge tracking the current epoch number (proxy for total epochs elapsed). */
+  public setCurrentEpoch(epoch: EpochNumber) {
+    this.currentEpoch.record(Number(epoch));
+  }
+
+  /** Increment the count of epochs in which the given attester submitted at least one attestation. */
+  public incAttestedEpochCount(attester: EthAddress) {
+    this.attestedEpochCount.add(1, { [Attributes.ATTESTER_ADDRESS]: attester.toString() });
+  }
 }

package/src/validator.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type { BlobClientInterface } from '@aztec/blob-client/client';
 import { type Blob, getBlobsPerL1Block } from '@aztec/blob-lib';
 import type { EpochCache } from '@aztec/epoch-cache';
+import { validateFeeAssetPriceModifier } from '@aztec/ethereum/contracts';
 import {
   BlockNumber,
   CheckpointNumber,
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ import { AuthRequest, AuthResponse, BlockProposalValidator, ReqRespSubProtocol }
 import { OffenseType, WANT_TO_SLASH_EVENT, type Watcher, type WatcherEmitter } from '@aztec/slasher';
 import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
 import type { CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners, L2Block, L2BlockSink, L2BlockSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
-import { getEpochAtSlot } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
+import { validateCheckpoint } from '@aztec/stdlib/checkpoint';
+import { getEpochAtSlot, getTimestampForSlot } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
 import type {
   CreateCheckpointProposalLastBlockData,
   ITxProvider,
@@ -44,8 +46,9 @@ import type { CheckpointHeader } from '@aztec/stdlib/rollup';
 import type { BlockHeader, CheckpointGlobalVariables, Tx } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 import { AttestationTimeoutError } from '@aztec/stdlib/validators';
 import { type TelemetryClient, type Tracer, getTelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
-import { createHASigner } from '@aztec/validator-ha-signer/factory';
+import { createHASigner, createLocalSignerWithProtection } from '@aztec/validator-ha-signer/factory';
 import { DutyType, type SigningContext } from '@aztec/validator-ha-signer/types';
+import type { ValidatorHASigner } from '@aztec/validator-ha-signer/validator-ha-signer';
 
 import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
 import type { TypedDataDefinition } from 'viem';
@@ -76,7 +79,6 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
   private validationService: ValidationService;
   private metrics: ValidatorMetrics;
   private log: Logger;
-
   // Whether it has already registered handlers on the p2p client
   private hasRegisteredHandlers = false;
 
@@ -88,6 +90,8 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
 
   private lastEpochForCommitteeUpdateLoop: EpochNumber | undefined;
   private epochCacheUpdateLoop: RunningPromise;
+  /** Tracks the last epoch in which each attester successfully submitted at least one attestation. */
+  private lastAttestedEpochByAttester: Map<string, EpochNumber> = new Map();
 
   private proposersOfInvalidBlocks: Set<string> = new Set();
 
@@ -105,6 +109,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     private l1ToL2MessageSource: L1ToL2MessageSource,
     private config: ValidatorClientFullConfig,
     private blobClient: BlobClientInterface,
+    private slashingProtectionSigner: ValidatorHASigner,
     private dateProvider: DateProvider = new DateProvider(),
     telemetry: TelemetryClient = getTelemetryClient(),
     log = createLogger('validator'),
@@ -158,6 +163,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
         this.log.trace(`No committee found for slot`);
         return;
       }
+      this.metrics.setCurrentEpoch(epoch);
       if (epoch !== this.lastEpochForCommitteeUpdateLoop) {
         const me = this.getValidatorAddresses();
         const committeeSet = new Set(committee.map(v => v.toString()));
@@ -195,6 +201,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     const metrics = new ValidatorMetrics(telemetry);
     const blockProposalValidator = new BlockProposalValidator(epochCache, {
       txsPermitted: !config.disableTransactions,
+      maxTxsPerBlock: config.validateMaxTxsPerBlock,
     });
     const blockProposalHandler = new BlockProposalHandler(
       checkpointsBuilder,
@@ -210,16 +217,28 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       telemetry,
     );
 
-    let validatorKeyStore: ExtendedValidatorKeyStore = NodeKeystoreAdapter.fromKeyStoreManager(keyStoreManager);
+    const nodeKeystoreAdapter = NodeKeystoreAdapter.fromKeyStoreManager(keyStoreManager);
+    let slashingProtectionSigner: ValidatorHASigner;
     if (config.haSigningEnabled) {
+      // Multi-node HA mode: use PostgreSQL-backed distributed locking.
       // If maxStuckDutiesAgeMs is not explicitly set, compute it from Aztec slot duration
       const haConfig = {
         ...config,
         maxStuckDutiesAgeMs: config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? epochCache.getL1Constants().slotDuration * 2 * 1000,
       };
-      const { signer } = await createHASigner(haConfig);
-      validatorKeyStore = new HAKeyStore(validatorKeyStore, signer);
+      ({ signer: slashingProtectionSigner } = await createHASigner(haConfig, {
+        telemetryClient: telemetry,
+        dateProvider,
+      }));
+    } else {
+      // Single-node mode: use LMDB-backed local signing protection.
+      // This prevents double-signing if the node crashes and restarts mid-proposal.
+      ({ signer: slashingProtectionSigner } = await createLocalSignerWithProtection(config, {
+        telemetryClient: telemetry,
+        dateProvider,
+      }));
     }
+    const validatorKeyStore: ExtendedValidatorKeyStore = new HAKeyStore(nodeKeystoreAdapter, slashingProtectionSigner);
 
     const validator = new ValidatorClient(
       validatorKeyStore,
@@ -232,6 +251,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       l1ToL2MessageSource,
       config,
       blobClient,
+      slashingProtectionSigner,
       dateProvider,
       telemetry,
     );
@@ -269,6 +289,12 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     this.config = { ...this.config, ...config };
   }
 
+  public reloadKeystore(newManager: KeystoreManager): void {
+    const newAdapter = NodeKeystoreAdapter.fromKeyStoreManager(newManager);
+    this.keyStore = new HAKeyStore(newAdapter, this.slashingProtectionSigner);
+    this.validationService = new ValidationService(this.keyStore, this.log.createChild('validation-service'));
+  }
+
   public async start() {
     if (this.epochCacheUpdateLoop.isRunning()) {
       this.log.warn(`Validator client already started`);
@@ -471,6 +497,14 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       return undefined;
     }
 
+    // Validate fee asset price modifier is within allowed range
+    if (!validateFeeAssetPriceModifier(proposal.feeAssetPriceModifier)) {
+      this.log.warn(
+        `Received checkpoint proposal with invalid feeAssetPriceModifier ${proposal.feeAssetPriceModifier} for slot ${slotNumber}`,
+      );
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
     // Check that I have any address in current committee before attesting
     const inCommittee = await this.epochCache.filterInCommittee(slotNumber, this.getValidatorAddresses());
     const partOfCommittee = inCommittee.length > 0;
@@ -479,11 +513,9 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       slotNumber,
       archive: proposal.archive.toString(),
       proposer: proposer.toString(),
-      txCount: proposal.txHashes.length,
     };
     this.log.info(`Received checkpoint proposal for slot ${slotNumber}`, {
       ...proposalInfo,
-      txHashes: proposal.txHashes.map(t => t.toString()),
       fishermanMode: this.config.fishermanMode || false,
     });
 
@@ -519,6 +551,17 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
 
     this.metrics.incSuccessfulAttestations(inCommittee.length);
 
+    // Track epoch participation per attester: count each (attester, epoch) pair at most once
+    const proposalEpoch = getEpochAtSlot(slotNumber, this.epochCache.getL1Constants());
+    for (const attester of inCommittee) {
+      const key = attester.toString();
+      const lastEpoch = this.lastAttestedEpochByAttester.get(key);
+      if (lastEpoch === undefined || proposalEpoch > lastEpoch) {
+        this.lastAttestedEpochByAttester.set(key, proposalEpoch);
+        this.metrics.incAttestedEpochCount(attester);
+      }
+    }
+
     // Determine which validators should attest
     let attestors: EthAddress[];
     if (partOfCommittee) {
@@ -595,7 +638,11 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     proposalInfo: LogData,
   ): Promise<{ isValid: true } | { isValid: false; reason: string }> {
     const slot = proposal.slotNumber;
-    const timeoutSeconds = 10; // TODO(palla/mbps): This should map to the timetable settings
+
+    // Timeout block syncing at the start of the next slot
+    const config = this.checkpointsBuilder.getConfig();
+    const nextSlotTimestampSeconds = Number(getTimestampForSlot(SlotNumber(slot + 1), config));
+    const timeoutSeconds = Math.max(1, nextSlotTimestampSeconds - Math.floor(this.dateProvider.now() / 1000));
 
     // Wait for last block to sync by archive
     let lastBlockHeader: BlockHeader | undefined;
@@ -630,6 +677,12 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       return { isValid: false, reason: 'no_blocks_for_slot' };
     }
 
+    // Ensure the last block for this slot matches the archive in the checkpoint proposal
+    if (!blocks.at(-1)?.archive.root.equals(proposal.archive)) {
+      this.log.warn(`Last block archive mismatch for checkpoint proposal`, proposalInfo);
+      return { isValid: false, reason: 'last_block_archive_mismatch' };
+    }
+
     this.log.debug(`Found ${blocks.length} blocks for slot ${slot}`, {
       ...proposalInfo,
       blockNumbers: blocks.map(b => b.number),
@@ -643,14 +696,11 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     // Get L1-to-L2 messages for this checkpoint
     const l1ToL2Messages = await this.l1ToL2MessageSource.getL1ToL2Messages(checkpointNumber);
 
-    // Compute the previous checkpoint out hashes for the epoch.
-    // TODO: There can be a more efficient way to get the previous checkpoint out hashes without having to fetch the
-    // actual checkpoints and the blocks/txs in them.
+    // Collect the out hashes of all the checkpoints before this one in the same epoch
     const epoch = getEpochAtSlot(slot, this.epochCache.getL1Constants());
-    const previousCheckpoints = (await this.blockSource.getCheckpointsForEpoch(epoch))
-      .filter(b => b.number < checkpointNumber)
-      .sort((a, b) => a.number - b.number);
-    const previousCheckpointOutHashes = previousCheckpoints.map(c => c.getCheckpointOutHash());
+    const previousCheckpointOutHashes = (await this.blockSource.getCheckpointsDataForEpoch(epoch))
+      .filter(c => c.checkpointNumber < checkpointNumber)
+      .map(c => c.checkpointOutHash);
 
     // Fork world state at the block before the first block
     const parentBlockNumber = BlockNumber(firstBlock.number - 1);
@@ -661,6 +711,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       const checkpointBuilder = await this.checkpointsBuilder.openCheckpoint(
         checkpointNumber,
         constants,
+        proposal.feeAssetPriceModifier,
         l1ToL2Messages,
         previousCheckpointOutHashes,
         fork,
@@ -707,6 +758,20 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
         return { isValid: false, reason: 'out_hash_mismatch' };
       }
 
+      // Final round of validations on the checkpoint, just in case.
+      try {
+        validateCheckpoint(computedCheckpoint, {
+          rollupManaLimit: this.checkpointsBuilder.getConfig().rollupManaLimit,
+          maxDABlockGas: this.config.validateMaxDABlockGas,
+          maxL2BlockGas: this.config.validateMaxL2BlockGas,
+          maxTxsPerBlock: this.config.validateMaxTxsPerBlock,
+          maxTxsPerCheckpoint: this.config.validateMaxTxsPerCheckpoint,
+        });
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.log.warn(`Checkpoint validation failed: ${err}`, proposalInfo);
+        return { isValid: false, reason: 'checkpoint_validation_failed' };
+      }
+
       this.log.verbose(`Checkpoint proposal validation successful for slot ${slot}`, proposalInfo);
       return { isValid: true };
     } finally {
@@ -723,6 +788,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       chainId: gv.chainId,
       version: gv.version,
       slotNumber: gv.slotNumber,
+      timestamp: gv.timestamp,
       coinbase: gv.coinbase,
       feeRecipient: gv.feeRecipient,
       gasFees: gv.gasFees,
@@ -732,7 +798,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
   /**
    * Uploads blobs for a checkpoint to the filestore (fire and forget).
    */
-  private async uploadBlobsForCheckpoint(proposal: CheckpointProposalCore, proposalInfo: LogData): Promise<void> {
+  protected async uploadBlobsForCheckpoint(proposal: CheckpointProposalCore, proposalInfo: LogData): Promise<void> {
     try {
       const lastBlockHeader = await this.blockSource.getBlockHeaderByArchive(proposal.archive);
       if (!lastBlockHeader) {
@@ -747,7 +813,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       }
 
       const blobFields = blocks.flatMap(b => b.toBlobFields());
-      const blobs: Blob[] = getBlobsPerL1Block(blobFields);
+      const blobs: Blob[] = await getBlobsPerL1Block(blobFields);
       await this.blobClient.sendBlobsToFilestore(blobs);
       this.log.debug(`Uploaded ${blobs.length} blobs to filestore for checkpoint at slot ${proposal.slotNumber}`, {
         ...proposalInfo,
@@ -876,6 +942,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
   async createCheckpointProposal(
     checkpointHeader: CheckpointHeader,
     archive: Fr,
+    feeAssetPriceModifier: bigint,
     lastBlockInfo: CreateCheckpointProposalLastBlockData | undefined,
     proposerAddress: EthAddress | undefined,
     options: CheckpointProposalOptions = {},
@@ -897,6 +964,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     const newProposal = await this.validationService.createCheckpointProposal(
       checkpointHeader,
       archive,
+      feeAssetPriceModifier,
       lastBlockInfo,
       proposerAddress,
       options,