@aztec/stdlib 4.0.0-nightly.20250907 → 4.0.0-nightly.20260107

package/src/trees/nullifier_leaf.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { toBigIntBE, toBufferBE } from '@aztec/foundation/bigint-buffer';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { schemas } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
 import { BufferReader } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { IndexedTreeLeaf, IndexedTreeLeafPreimage } from '@aztec/foundation/trees';
@@ -36,6 +36,24 @@ export class NullifierLeafPreimage implements IndexedTreeLeafPreimage {
       .transform(({ leaf, nextKey, nextIndex }) => new NullifierLeafPreimage(leaf, nextKey, nextIndex));
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Creates a NullifierLeafPreimage from a plain object without Zod validation.
+   * This method is optimized for performance and skips validation, making it suitable
+   * for deserializing trusted data (e.g., from C++ via MessagePack).
+   * @param obj - Plain object containing NullifierLeafPreimage fields
+   * @returns A NullifierLeafPreimage instance
+   */
+  static fromPlainObject(obj: any): NullifierLeafPreimage {
+    if (obj instanceof NullifierLeafPreimage) {
+      return obj;
+    }
+    return new NullifierLeafPreimage(
+      NullifierLeaf.fromPlainObject(obj.leaf),
+      Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.nextKey),
+      typeof obj.nextIndex === 'bigint' ? obj.nextIndex : BigInt(obj.nextIndex),
+    );
+  }
+
   static get leafSchema() {
     return NullifierLeaf.schema;
   }
@@ -157,4 +175,18 @@ export class NullifierLeaf implements IndexedTreeLeaf {
   static get schema() {
     return z.object({ nullifier: schemas.Fr }).transform(({ nullifier }) => new NullifierLeaf(nullifier));
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a NullifierLeaf from a plain object without Zod validation.
+   * This method is optimized for performance and skips validation, making it suitable
+   * for deserializing trusted data (e.g., from C++ via MessagePack).
+   * @param obj - Plain object containing NullifierLeaf fields
+   * @returns A NullifierLeaf instance
+   */
+  static fromPlainObject(obj: any): NullifierLeaf {
+    if (obj instanceof NullifierLeaf) {
+      return obj;
+    }
+    return new NullifierLeaf(Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.nullifier));
+  }
 }

package/src/trees/nullifier_membership_witness.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { NULLIFIER_TREE_HEIGHT } from '@aztec/constants';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { MembershipWitness, SiblingPath } from '@aztec/foundation/trees';
 
 import { z } from 'zod';

package/src/trees/public_data_leaf.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { toBigIntBE, toBufferBE } from '@aztec/foundation/bigint-buffer';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { schemas } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
 import { BufferReader, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { IndexedTreeLeaf, IndexedTreeLeafPreimage } from '@aztec/foundation/trees';
@@ -36,6 +36,24 @@ export class PublicDataTreeLeafPreimage implements IndexedTreeLeafPreimage {
       .transform(({ leaf, nextKey, nextIndex }) => new PublicDataTreeLeafPreimage(leaf, nextKey, nextIndex));
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Creates a PublicDataTreeLeafPreimage from a plain object without Zod validation.
+   * This method is optimized for performance and skips validation, making it suitable
+   * for deserializing trusted data (e.g., from C++ via MessagePack).
+   * @param obj - Plain object containing PublicDataTreeLeafPreimage fields
+   * @returns A PublicDataTreeLeafPreimage instance
+   */
+  static fromPlainObject(obj: any): PublicDataTreeLeafPreimage {
+    if (obj instanceof PublicDataTreeLeafPreimage) {
+      return obj;
+    }
+    return new PublicDataTreeLeafPreimage(
+      PublicDataTreeLeaf.fromPlainObject(obj.leaf),
+      Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.nextKey),
+      typeof obj.nextIndex === 'bigint' ? obj.nextIndex : BigInt(obj.nextIndex),
+    );
+  }
+
   static get leafSchema() {
     return PublicDataTreeLeaf.schema;
   }
@@ -172,4 +190,18 @@ export class PublicDataTreeLeaf implements IndexedTreeLeaf {
       })
       .transform(({ slot, value }) => new PublicDataTreeLeaf(slot, value));
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a PublicDataTreeLeaf from a plain object without Zod validation.
+   * This method is optimized for performance and skips validation, making it suitable
+   * for deserializing trusted data (e.g., from C++ via MessagePack).
+   * @param obj - Plain object containing PublicDataTreeLeaf fields
+   * @returns A PublicDataTreeLeaf instance
+   */
+  static fromPlainObject(obj: any): PublicDataTreeLeaf {
+    if (obj instanceof PublicDataTreeLeaf) {
+      return obj;
+    }
+    return new PublicDataTreeLeaf(Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.slot), Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.value));
+  }
 }

package/src/trees/public_data_witness.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { PUBLIC_DATA_TREE_HEIGHT } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { toBigIntBE } from '@aztec/foundation/bigint-buffer';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { BufferReader, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import { bufferToHex, hexToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/string';
 import { MembershipWitness, SiblingPath } from '@aztec/foundation/trees';

package/src/tx/block_header.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { BLOCK_HEADER_LENGTH, GeneratorIndex } from '@aztec/constants';
-import { poseidon2HashWithSeparator } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { BlockNumber, SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { poseidon2HashWithSeparator } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/poseidon';
+import { randomInt } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/random';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { type ZodFor, schemas } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
 import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer, serializeToFields } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import { bufferToHex, hexToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/string';
@@ -10,34 +12,37 @@ import { inspect } from 'util';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 import { AppendOnlyTreeSnapshot } from '../trees/append_only_tree_snapshot.js';
-import { ContentCommitment } from './content_commitment.js';
 import { GlobalVariables } from './global_variables.js';
-import { ProposedBlockHeader } from './proposed_block_header.js';
 import { StateReference } from './state_reference.js';
 
 /** A header of an L2 block. */
 export class BlockHeader {
+  private _cachedHash?: Promise<Fr>;
+
   constructor(
     /** Snapshot of archive before the block is applied. */
-    public lastArchive: AppendOnlyTreeSnapshot,
-    /** Hash of the body of an L2 block. */
-    public contentCommitment: ContentCommitment,
+    public readonly lastArchive: AppendOnlyTreeSnapshot,
     /** State reference. */
-    public state: StateReference,
+    public readonly state: StateReference,
+    /**
+     * Hash of the sponge blob after the tx effects of this block has been applied.
+     * May contain tx effects from the previous blocks in the same checkpoint.
+     */
+    public readonly spongeBlobHash: Fr,
     /** Global variables of an L2 block. */
-    public globalVariables: GlobalVariables,
+    public readonly globalVariables: GlobalVariables,
     /** Total fees in the block, computed by the root rollup circuit */
-    public totalFees: Fr,
+    public readonly totalFees: Fr,
     /** Total mana used in the block, computed by the root rollup circuit */
-    public totalManaUsed: Fr,
+    public readonly totalManaUsed: Fr,
   ) {}
 
   static get schema(): ZodFor<BlockHeader> {
     return z
       .object({
         lastArchive: AppendOnlyTreeSnapshot.schema,
-        contentCommitment: ContentCommitment.schema,
         state: StateReference.schema,
+        spongeBlobHash: schemas.Fr,
         globalVariables: GlobalVariables.schema,
         totalFees: schemas.Fr,
         totalManaUsed: schemas.Fr,
@@ -46,11 +51,10 @@ export class BlockHeader {
   }
 
   static getFields(fields: FieldsOf<BlockHeader>) {
-    // Note: The order here must match the order in the ProposedHeaderLib solidity library.
     return [
       fields.lastArchive,
-      fields.contentCommitment,
       fields.state,
+      fields.spongeBlobHash,
       fields.globalVariables,
       fields.totalFees,
       fields.totalManaUsed,
@@ -61,19 +65,19 @@ export class BlockHeader {
     return new BlockHeader(...BlockHeader.getFields(fields));
   }
 
-  getSlot() {
-    return this.globalVariables.slotNumber.toBigInt();
+  getSlot(): SlotNumber {
+    return this.globalVariables.slotNumber;
   }
 
-  getBlockNumber() {
+  getBlockNumber(): BlockNumber {
     return this.globalVariables.blockNumber;
   }
 
   getSize() {
     return (
       this.lastArchive.getSize() +
-      this.contentCommitment.getSize() +
       this.state.getSize() +
+      this.spongeBlobHash.size +
       this.globalVariables.getSize() +
       this.totalFees.size +
       this.totalManaUsed.size
@@ -101,8 +105,8 @@ export class BlockHeader {
 
     return new BlockHeader(
       reader.readObject(AppendOnlyTreeSnapshot),
-      reader.readObject(ContentCommitment),
       reader.readObject(StateReference),
+      reader.readObject(Fr),
       reader.readObject(GlobalVariables),
       reader.readObject(Fr),
       reader.readObject(Fr),
@@ -114,8 +118,8 @@ export class BlockHeader {
 
     return new BlockHeader(
       AppendOnlyTreeSnapshot.fromFields(reader),
-      ContentCommitment.fromFields(reader),
       StateReference.fromFields(reader),
+      reader.readField(),
       GlobalVariables.fromFields(reader),
       reader.readField(),
       reader.readField(),
@@ -125,8 +129,8 @@ export class BlockHeader {
   static empty(fields: Partial<FieldsOf<BlockHeader>> = {}): BlockHeader {
     return BlockHeader.from({
       lastArchive: AppendOnlyTreeSnapshot.empty(),
-      contentCommitment: ContentCommitment.empty(),
       state: StateReference.empty(),
+      spongeBlobHash: Fr.ZERO,
       globalVariables: GlobalVariables.empty(),
       totalFees: Fr.ZERO,
       totalManaUsed: Fr.ZERO,
@@ -137,8 +141,8 @@ export class BlockHeader {
   isEmpty(): boolean {
     return (
       this.lastArchive.isEmpty() &&
-      this.contentCommitment.isEmpty() &&
       this.state.isEmpty() &&
+      this.spongeBlobHash.isZero() &&
       this.globalVariables.isEmpty() &&
       this.totalFees.isZero() &&
       this.totalManaUsed.isZero()
@@ -158,27 +162,29 @@ export class BlockHeader {
   }
 
   hash(): Promise<Fr> {
-    return poseidon2HashWithSeparator(this.toFields(), GeneratorIndex.BLOCK_HASH);
-  }
-
-  toPropose(): ProposedBlockHeader {
-    return new ProposedBlockHeader(
-      this.lastArchive.root,
-      this.contentCommitment,
-      this.globalVariables.slotNumber,
-      this.globalVariables.timestamp,
-      this.globalVariables.coinbase,
-      this.globalVariables.feeRecipient,
-      this.globalVariables.gasFees,
-      this.totalManaUsed,
-    );
+    if (!this._cachedHash) {
+      this._cachedHash = poseidon2HashWithSeparator(this.toFields(), GeneratorIndex.BLOCK_HASH);
+    }
+    return this._cachedHash;
+  }
+
+  static random(overrides: Partial<FieldsOf<BlockHeader>> & Partial<FieldsOf<GlobalVariables>> = {}): BlockHeader {
+    return BlockHeader.from({
+      lastArchive: AppendOnlyTreeSnapshot.random(),
+      state: StateReference.random(),
+      spongeBlobHash: Fr.random(),
+      globalVariables: GlobalVariables.random(overrides),
+      totalFees: new Fr(randomInt(100_000)),
+      totalManaUsed: new Fr(randomInt(100_000_000)),
+      ...overrides,
+    });
   }
 
   toInspect() {
     return {
       lastArchive: this.lastArchive.root.toString(),
-      contentCommitment: this.contentCommitment.toInspect(),
       state: this.state.toInspect(),
+      spongeBlobHash: this.spongeBlobHash.toBigInt(),
       globalVariables: this.globalVariables.toInspect(),
       totalFees: this.totalFees.toBigInt(),
       totalManaUsed: this.totalManaUsed.toBigInt(),
@@ -188,13 +194,11 @@ export class BlockHeader {
   [inspect.custom]() {
     return `Header {
   lastArchive: ${inspect(this.lastArchive)},
-  contentCommitment.blobsHash: ${inspect(this.contentCommitment.blobsHash)},
-  contentCommitment.inHash: ${inspect(this.contentCommitment.inHash)},
-  contentCommitment.outHash: ${inspect(this.contentCommitment.outHash)},
   state.l1ToL2MessageTree: ${inspect(this.state.l1ToL2MessageTree)},
   state.noteHashTree: ${inspect(this.state.partial.noteHashTree)},
   state.nullifierTree: ${inspect(this.state.partial.nullifierTree)},
   state.publicDataTree: ${inspect(this.state.partial.publicDataTree)},
+  spongeBlobHash: ${this.spongeBlobHash},
   globalVariables: ${inspect(this.globalVariables)},
   totalFees: ${this.totalFees},
   totalManaUsed: ${this.totalManaUsed},
@@ -203,12 +207,12 @@ export class BlockHeader {
 
   public equals(other: this): boolean {
     return (
-      this.contentCommitment.equals(other.contentCommitment) &&
+      this.lastArchive.equals(other.lastArchive) &&
       this.state.equals(other.state) &&
+      this.spongeBlobHash.equals(other.spongeBlobHash) &&
       this.globalVariables.equals(other.globalVariables) &&
       this.totalFees.equals(other.totalFees) &&
-      this.totalManaUsed.equals(other.totalManaUsed) &&
-      this.lastArchive.equals(other.lastArchive)
+      this.totalManaUsed.equals(other.totalManaUsed)
     );
   }
 }

package/src/tx/call_context.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { CALL_CONTEXT_LENGTH } from '@aztec/constants';
-import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer, serializeToFields } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
 

package/src/tx/capsule.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { hexSchemaFor } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
 import { BufferReader, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import { bufferToHex, hexToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/string';

package/src/tx/content_commitment.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import type { ViemContentCommitment } from '@aztec/ethereum';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import type { ViemContentCommitment } from '@aztec/ethereum/contracts';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { schemas } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
 import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer, serializeToFields } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import { bufferToHex } from '@aztec/foundation/string';
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ export class ContentCommitment {
     return [fields.blobsHash, fields.inHash, fields.outHash] as const;
   }
 
+  static from(fields: FieldsOf<ContentCommitment>) {
+    return new ContentCommitment(...ContentCommitment.getFields(fields));
+  }
+
   getSize() {
     return this.toBuffer().length;
   }
@@ -75,6 +79,15 @@ export class ContentCommitment {
     return new ContentCommitment(reader.readField(), reader.readField(), reader.readField());
   }
 
+  static random(overrides: Partial<FieldsOf<ContentCommitment>> = {}): ContentCommitment {
+    return ContentCommitment.from({
+      blobsHash: Fr.random(),
+      inHash: Fr.random(),
+      outHash: Fr.random(),
+      ...overrides,
+    });
+  }
+
   static empty(): ContentCommitment {
     return new ContentCommitment(Fr.zero(), Fr.zero(), Fr.zero());
   }

package/src/tx/execution_payload.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import type { FunctionCall } from '../abi/function_call.js';
+import type { AuthWitness } from '../auth_witness/auth_witness.js';
+import { AztecAddress } from '../aztec-address/index.js';
+import type { Capsule } from './capsule.js';
+import type { HashedValues } from './hashed_values.js';
+
+/**
+ * Represents data necessary to perform an action in the network successfully.
+ * This class can be considered Aztec's "minimal execution unit".
+ * */
+export class ExecutionPayload {
+  public constructor(
+    /** The function calls to be executed. */
+    public calls: FunctionCall[],
+    /** Any transient auth witnesses needed for this execution */
+    public authWitnesses: AuthWitness[],
+    /** Data passed through an oracle for this execution. */
+    public capsules: Capsule[],
+    /** Extra hashed values to be injected in the execution cache */
+    public extraHashedArgs: HashedValues[] = [],
+    /**
+     * The address that is paying for the fee in this execution payload (if any).
+     * If undefined, the wallet software executing the payload will have to add a fee payment method
+     */
+    public feePayer?: AztecAddress,
+  ) {}
+
+  static empty() {
+    return new ExecutionPayload([], [], [], [], undefined);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merges an array ExecutionPayloads combining their calls, authWitnesses, capsules and extraArgHashes.
+ * @throws Error if multiple payloads have different fee payers set
+ */
+export function mergeExecutionPayloads(requests: ExecutionPayload[]): ExecutionPayload {
+  const calls = requests.map(r => r.calls).flat();
+  const combinedAuthWitnesses = requests.map(r => r.authWitnesses ?? []).flat();
+  const combinedCapsules = requests.map(r => r.capsules ?? []).flat();
+  const combinedExtraHashedArgs = requests.map(r => r.extraHashedArgs ?? []).flat();
+
+  // Collect unique fee payers
+  const uniqueFeePayers = new Set(
+    requests
+      .map(r => r.feePayer)
+      .filter((fp): fp is AztecAddress => fp !== undefined)
+      .map(fp => fp.toString()),
+  );
+
+  if (uniqueFeePayers.size > 1) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Cannot merge execution payloads with different fee payers. Found: ${Array.from(uniqueFeePayers).join(', ')}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const feePayer = uniqueFeePayers.size === 1 ? AztecAddress.fromString(Array.from(uniqueFeePayers)[0]) : undefined;
+
+  return new ExecutionPayload(calls, combinedAuthWitnesses, combinedCapsules, combinedExtraHashedArgs, feePayer);
+}

package/src/tx/function_data.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { FUNCTION_DATA_LENGTH } from '@aztec/constants';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 
 import { z } from 'zod';

package/src/tx/global_variable_builder.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
+import type { SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
 
 import type { AztecAddress } from '../aztec-address/index.js';
 import type { GasFees } from '../gas/gas_fees.js';
 import type { UInt32 } from '../types/index.js';
-import type { GlobalVariables } from './global_variables.js';
+import type { CheckpointGlobalVariables, GlobalVariables } from './global_variables.js';
 
 /**
  * Interface for building global variables for Aztec blocks.
@@ -23,6 +24,13 @@ export interface GlobalVariableBuilder {
     blockNumber: UInt32,
     coinbase: EthAddress,
     feeRecipient: AztecAddress,
-    slotNumber?: bigint,
+    slotNumber?: SlotNumber,
   ): Promise<GlobalVariables>;
+
+  /** Builds global variables that are constant throughout a checkpoint. */
+  buildCheckpointGlobalVariables(
+    coinbase: EthAddress,
+    feeRecipient: AztecAddress,
+    slotNumber: SlotNumber,
+  ): Promise<CheckpointGlobalVariables>;
 }

package/src/tx/global_variables.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { GLOBAL_VARIABLES_LENGTH } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { BlockNumber, BlockNumberSchema, SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { randomInt } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/random';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
 import { jsonStringify } from '@aztec/foundation/json-rpc';
 import {
   BufferReader,
@@ -17,7 +19,13 @@ import { z } from 'zod';
 import { AztecAddress } from '../aztec-address/index.js';
 import { GasFees } from '../gas/gas_fees.js';
 import { schemas } from '../schemas/index.js';
-import type { UInt32, UInt64 } from '../types/index.js';
+import type { UInt64 } from '../types/index.js';
+
+/**
+ * Global variables that are constant across the entire slot.
+ * TODO(palla/mbps): Should timestamp be included here as well?
+ */
+export type CheckpointGlobalVariables = Omit<FieldsOf<GlobalVariables>, 'blockNumber' | 'timestamp'>;
 
 /**
  * Global variables of the L2 block.
@@ -29,9 +37,9 @@ export class GlobalVariables {
     /** Version for the L2 block. */
     public version: Fr,
     /** Block number of the L2 block. */
-    public blockNumber: UInt32,
+    public blockNumber: BlockNumber,
     /** Slot number of the L2 block */
-    public slotNumber: Fr,
+    public slotNumber: SlotNumber,
     /** Timestamp of the L2 block. */
     public timestamp: UInt64,
     /** Recipient of block reward. */
@@ -47,8 +55,8 @@ export class GlobalVariables {
       .object({
         chainId: schemas.Fr,
         version: schemas.Fr,
-        blockNumber: schemas.UInt32,
-        slotNumber: schemas.Fr,
+        blockNumber: BlockNumberSchema,
+        slotNumber: schemas.SlotNumber,
         timestamp: schemas.BigInt,
         coinbase: schemas.EthAddress,
         feeRecipient: schemas.AztecAddress,
@@ -65,10 +73,30 @@ export class GlobalVariables {
     return new GlobalVariables(...GlobalVariables.getFields(fields));
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Creates a GlobalVariables instance from a plain object without Zod validation.
+   * This method is optimized for performance and skips validation, making it suitable
+   * for deserializing trusted data (e.g., from C++ via MessagePack).
+   * @param obj - Plain object containing GlobalVariables fields
+   * @returns A GlobalVariables instance
+   */
+  static fromPlainObject(obj: any): GlobalVariables {
+    return new GlobalVariables(
+      Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.chainId),
+      Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.version),
+      obj.blockNumber,
+      SlotNumber(Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.slotNumber).toNumber()),
+      typeof obj.timestamp === 'bigint' ? obj.timestamp : BigInt(obj.timestamp),
+      EthAddress.fromPlainObject(obj.coinbase),
+      AztecAddress.fromPlainObject(obj.feeRecipient),
+      GasFees.fromPlainObject(obj.gasFees),
+    );
+  }
+
   static empty(fields: Partial<FieldsOf<GlobalVariables>> = {}): GlobalVariables {
     return GlobalVariables.from({
-      blockNumber: 0,
-      slotNumber: Fr.ZERO,
+      blockNumber: BlockNumber.ZERO,
+      slotNumber: SlotNumber.ZERO,
       timestamp: 0n,
       chainId: Fr.ZERO,
       version: Fr.ZERO,
@@ -84,8 +112,8 @@ export class GlobalVariables {
     return new GlobalVariables(
       Fr.fromBuffer(reader),
       Fr.fromBuffer(reader),
-      reader.readNumber(),
-      Fr.fromBuffer(reader),
+      BlockNumber(reader.readNumber()),
+      SlotNumber(reader.readNumber()),
       reader.readUInt64(),
       reader.readObject(EthAddress),
       reader.readObject(AztecAddress),
@@ -99,8 +127,8 @@ export class GlobalVariables {
     return new GlobalVariables(
       reader.readField(),
       reader.readField(),
-      reader.readU32(),
-      reader.readField(),
+      BlockNumber(reader.readU32()),
+      SlotNumber(reader.readU32()),
       reader.readField().toBigInt(),
       EthAddress.fromField(reader.readField()),
       AztecAddress.fromField(reader.readField()),
@@ -109,7 +137,6 @@ export class GlobalVariables {
   }
 
   static getFields(fields: FieldsOf<GlobalVariables>) {
-    // Note: The order here must match the order in the ProposedHeaderLib solidity library.
     return [
       fields.chainId,
       fields.version,
@@ -152,13 +179,31 @@ export class GlobalVariables {
   toFriendlyJSON() {
     return {
       blockNumber: this.blockNumber,
-      slotNumber: this.slotNumber.toNumber(),
+      slotNumber: this.slotNumber,
       timestamp: this.timestamp.toString(),
       coinbase: this.coinbase.toString(),
       gasFees: jsonStringify(this.gasFees),
     };
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Converts GlobalVariables to a plain object suitable for MessagePack serialization.
+   * This method ensures that slotNumber is serialized as a Fr (Field element) to match
+   * the C++ struct definition which expects slot_number as FF.
+   */
+  toJSON() {
+    return {
+      chainId: this.chainId,
+      version: this.version,
+      blockNumber: this.blockNumber,
+      slotNumber: new Fr(this.slotNumber), // Convert to Fr for C++ compatibility
+      timestamp: this.timestamp,
+      coinbase: this.coinbase,
+      feeRecipient: this.feeRecipient,
+      gasFees: this.gasFees,
+    };
+  }
+
   clone(): GlobalVariables {
     return GlobalVariables.fromBuffer(this.toBuffer());
   }
@@ -168,7 +213,7 @@ export class GlobalVariables {
       this.chainId.isZero() &&
       this.version.isZero() &&
       this.blockNumber === 0 &&
-      this.slotNumber.isZero() &&
+      this.slotNumber === 0 &&
       this.timestamp === 0n &&
       this.coinbase.isZero() &&
       this.feeRecipient.isZero() &&
@@ -176,12 +221,26 @@ export class GlobalVariables {
     );
   }
 
+  static random(overrides: Partial<FieldsOf<GlobalVariables>> = {}): GlobalVariables {
+    return GlobalVariables.from({
+      chainId: new Fr(randomInt(100_000)),
+      version: new Fr(randomInt(100_000)),
+      blockNumber: BlockNumber(randomInt(100_000)),
+      slotNumber: SlotNumber(randomInt(100_000)),
+      coinbase: EthAddress.random(),
+      feeRecipient: AztecAddress.fromField(Fr.random()),
+      gasFees: GasFees.random(),
+      timestamp: BigInt(randomInt(100_000_000)),
+      ...overrides,
+    });
+  }
+
   toInspect() {
     return {
       chainId: this.chainId.toNumber(),
       version: this.version.toNumber(),
       blockNumber: this.blockNumber,
-      slotNumber: this.slotNumber.toNumber(),
+      slotNumber: this.slotNumber,
       timestamp: this.timestamp,
       coinbase: this.coinbase.toString(),
       feeRecipient: this.feeRecipient.toString(),
@@ -199,7 +258,7 @@ export class GlobalVariables {
       this.chainId.equals(other.chainId) &&
       this.version.equals(other.version) &&
       this.blockNumber === other.blockNumber &&
-      this.slotNumber.equals(other.slotNumber) &&
+      this.slotNumber === other.slotNumber &&
       this.timestamp === other.timestamp &&
       this.coinbase.equals(other.coinbase) &&
       this.feeRecipient.equals(other.feeRecipient) &&

package/src/tx/hashed_values.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { BufferReader, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';