@aztec/stdlib 3.0.3-rc.3 → 4.0.0-devnet.1-patch.0

package/src/block/l2_block_source.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import {
   BlockNumber,
   BlockNumberSchema,
-  type CheckpointNumber,
+  CheckpointNumber,
+  CheckpointNumberSchema,
   type EpochNumber,
   type SlotNumber,
 } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
@@ -14,13 +15,15 @@ import { z } from 'zod';
 import type { Checkpoint } from '../checkpoint/checkpoint.js';
 import type { PublishedCheckpoint } from '../checkpoint/published_checkpoint.js';
 import type { L1RollupConstants } from '../epoch-helpers/index.js';
+import { CheckpointHeader } from '../rollup/checkpoint_header.js';
 import type { BlockHeader } from '../tx/block_header.js';
 import type { IndexedTxEffect } from '../tx/indexed_tx_effect.js';
 import type { TxHash } from '../tx/tx_hash.js';
 import type { TxReceipt } from '../tx/tx_receipt.js';
+import type { BlockHash } from './block_hash.js';
+import type { CheckpointedL2Block } from './checkpointed_l2_block.js';
 import type { L2Block } from './l2_block.js';
-import { PublishedL2Block } from './published_l2_block.js';
-import type { ValidateBlockNegativeResult, ValidateBlockResult } from './validate_block_result.js';
+import type { ValidateCheckpointNegativeResult, ValidateCheckpointResult } from './validate_block_result.js';
 
 /**
  * Interface of classes allowing for the retrieval of L2 blocks.
@@ -51,11 +54,18 @@ export interface L2BlockSource {
   getProvenBlockNumber(): Promise<BlockNumber>;
 
   /**
-   * Gets an l2 block. If a negative number is passed, the block returned is the most recent.
-   * @param number - The block number to return (inclusive).
-   * @returns The requested L2 block.
+   * Gets the number of the latest L2 block checkpointed seen by the block source implementation.
+   * @returns The number of the latest L2 block checkpointed seen by the block source implementation.
    */
-  getBlock(number: BlockNumber): Promise<L2Block | undefined>;
+  getCheckpointedL2BlockNumber(): Promise<BlockNumber>;
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the finalized block number based on the proven block number.
+   * A block is considered finalized when it's 2 epochs behind the proven block.
+   * TODO(#13569): Compute proper finalized block number based on L1 finalized block.
+   * @returns The finalized block number.
+   */
+  getFinalizedL2BlockNumber(): Promise<BlockNumber>;
 
   /**
    * Gets an l2 block header.
@@ -65,54 +75,63 @@ export interface L2BlockSource {
   getBlockHeader(number: BlockNumber | 'latest'): Promise<BlockHeader | undefined>;
 
   /**
-   * Gets up to `limit` amount of L2 blocks starting from `from`.
-   * @param from - Number of the first block to return (inclusive).
-   * @param limit - The maximum number of blocks to return.
-   * @param proven - If true, only return blocks that have been proven.
-   * @returns The requested L2 blocks.
+   * Gets a checkpointed L2 block by block number.
+   * Returns undefined if the block doesn't exist or hasn't been checkpointed yet.
+   * @param number - The block number to retrieve.
+   * @returns The requested checkpointed L2 block (or undefined if not found or not checkpointed).
    */
-  getBlocks(from: BlockNumber, limit: number, proven?: boolean): Promise<L2Block[]>;
+  getCheckpointedBlock(number: BlockNumber): Promise<CheckpointedL2Block | undefined>;
 
-  getPublishedCheckpoints(from: CheckpointNumber, limit: number): Promise<PublishedCheckpoint[]>;
+  getCheckpointedBlocks(from: BlockNumber, limit: number): Promise<CheckpointedL2Block[]>;
 
   /**
-   * Gets a checkpoint by the archive root, which should be the root of the archive tree after the requested checkpoint
-   * is applied.
-   * @param archive - The new archive root of the checkpoint.
-   * @returns The requested checkpoint (or undefined if not found).
+   * Retrieves a collection of checkpoints.
+   * @param checkpointNumber The first checkpoint to be retrieved.
+   * @param limit The number of checkpoints to be retrieved.
+   * @returns The collection of complete checkpoints.
    */
-  getCheckpointByArchive(archive: Fr): Promise<Checkpoint | undefined>;
+  getCheckpoints(checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber, limit: number): Promise<PublishedCheckpoint[]>;
 
-  /** Equivalent to getBlocks but includes publish data. */
-  getPublishedBlocks(from: BlockNumber, limit: number, proven?: boolean): Promise<PublishedL2Block[]>;
+  /**
+   * Gets the checkpoints for a given epoch
+   * @param epochNumber - Epoch for which we want checkpoint data
+   */
+  getCheckpointsForEpoch(epochNumber: EpochNumber): Promise<Checkpoint[]>;
 
   /**
-   * Gets a published block by its hash.
+   * Gets a block header by its hash.
    * @param blockHash - The block hash to retrieve.
-   * @returns The requested published block (or undefined if not found).
+   * @returns The requested block header (or undefined if not found).
    */
-  getPublishedBlockByHash(blockHash: Fr): Promise<PublishedL2Block | undefined>;
+  getBlockHeaderByHash(blockHash: BlockHash): Promise<BlockHeader | undefined>;
 
   /**
-   * Gets a published block by its archive root.
+   * Gets a block header by its archive root.
    * @param archive - The archive root to retrieve.
-   * @returns The requested published block (or undefined if not found).
+   * @returns The requested block header (or undefined if not found).
    */
-  getPublishedBlockByArchive(archive: Fr): Promise<PublishedL2Block | undefined>;
+  getBlockHeaderByArchive(archive: Fr): Promise<BlockHeader | undefined>;
 
   /**
-   * Gets a block header by its hash.
+   * Gets an L2 block by block number.
+   * @param number - The block number to return.
+   * @returns The requested L2 block (or undefined if not found).
+   */
+  getL2Block(number: BlockNumber): Promise<L2Block | undefined>;
+
+  /**
+   * Gets an L2 block by its hash.
    * @param blockHash - The block hash to retrieve.
-   * @returns The requested block header (or undefined if not found).
+   * @returns The requested L2 block (or undefined if not found).
    */
-  getBlockHeaderByHash(blockHash: Fr): Promise<BlockHeader | undefined>;
+  getL2BlockByHash(blockHash: BlockHash): Promise<L2Block | undefined>;
 
   /**
-   * Gets a block header by its archive root.
+   * Gets an L2 block by its archive root.
    * @param archive - The archive root to retrieve.
-   * @returns The requested block header (or undefined if not found).
+   * @returns The requested L2 block (or undefined if not found).
    */
-  getBlockHeaderByArchive(archive: Fr): Promise<BlockHeader | undefined>;
+  getL2BlockByArchive(archive: Fr): Promise<L2Block | undefined>;
 
   /**
    * Gets a tx effect.
@@ -139,25 +158,11 @@ export interface L2BlockSource {
   getL2EpochNumber(): Promise<EpochNumber | undefined>;
 
   /**
-   * Returns all checkpoints for a given epoch.
-   * @dev Use this method only with recent epochs, since it walks the checkpoint list backwards.
-   * @param epochNumber - The epoch number to return checkpoints for.
-   */
-  getCheckpointsForEpoch(epochNumber: EpochNumber): Promise<Checkpoint[]>;
-
-  /**
-   * Returns all blocks for a given epoch.
-   * @dev Use this method only with recent epochs, since it walks the block list backwards.
-   * @param epochNumber - The epoch number to return blocks for.
-   */
-  getBlocksForEpoch(epochNumber: EpochNumber): Promise<L2Block[]>;
-
-  /**
-   * Returns all block headers for a given epoch.
+   * Returns all checkpointed block headers for a given epoch.
    * @dev Use this method only with recent epochs, since it walks the block list backwards.
    * @param epochNumber - The epoch number to return headers for.
    */
-  getBlockHeadersForEpoch(epochNumber: EpochNumber): Promise<BlockHeader[]>;
+  getCheckpointedBlockHeadersForEpoch(epochNumber: EpochNumber): Promise<BlockHeader[]>;
 
   /**
    * Returns whether the given epoch is completed on L1, based on the current L1 and L2 block numbers.
@@ -188,13 +193,70 @@ export interface L2BlockSource {
   isPendingChainInvalid(): Promise<boolean>;
 
   /**
-   * Returns the status of the pending chain validation. If the chain is invalid, reports the earliest consecutive block
-   * that is invalid, along with the reason for being invalid, which can be used to trigger an invalidation.
+   * Returns the status of the pending chain validation. If the chain is invalid, reports the earliest consecutive
+   * checkpoint that is invalid, along with the reason for being invalid, which can be used to trigger an invalidation.
    */
-  getPendingChainValidationStatus(): Promise<ValidateBlockResult>;
+  getPendingChainValidationStatus(): Promise<ValidateCheckpointResult>;
 
   /** Force a sync. */
   syncImmediate(): Promise<void>;
+
+  /* Legacy APIS */
+
+  /**
+   * Gets an l2 block. If a negative number is passed, the block returned is the most recent.
+   * @param number - The block number to return (inclusive).
+   * @returns The requested L2 block.
+   */
+  getBlock(number: BlockNumber): Promise<L2Block | undefined>;
+
+  /**
+   * Returns all checkpointed blocks for a given epoch.
+   * @dev Use this method only with recent epochs, since it walks the block list backwards.
+   * @param epochNumber - The epoch number to return blocks for.
+   */
+  getCheckpointedBlocksForEpoch(epochNumber: EpochNumber): Promise<CheckpointedL2Block[]>;
+
+  /**
+   * Returns all blocks for a given slot.
+   * @dev Use this method only with recent slots, since it walks the block list backwards.
+   * @param slotNumber - The slot number to return blocks for.
+   */
+  getBlocksForSlot(slotNumber: SlotNumber): Promise<L2Block[]>;
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a checkpointed block by its block hash.
+   * @param blockHash - The block hash to retrieve.
+   * @returns The requested block (or undefined if not found).
+   */
+  getCheckpointedBlockByHash(blockHash: BlockHash): Promise<CheckpointedL2Block | undefined>;
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a checkpointed block by its archive root.
+   * @param archive - The archive root to retrieve.
+   * @returns The requested block (or undefined if not found).
+   */
+  getCheckpointedBlockByArchive(archive: Fr): Promise<CheckpointedL2Block | undefined>;
+
+  /**
+   * Gets up to `limit` amount of L2 blocks starting from `from`.
+   * @param from - Number of the first block to return (inclusive).
+   * @param limit - The maximum number of blocks to return.
+   * @returns The requested L2 blocks.
+   */
+  getBlocks(from: BlockNumber, limit: number): Promise<L2Block[]>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Interface for classes that can receive and store L2 blocks.
+ */
+export interface L2BlockSink {
+  /**
+   * Adds a block to the store.
+   * @param block - The L2 block to add.
+   * @throws If block number is not incremental (i.e., not exactly one more than the last stored block).
+   */
+  addBlock(block: L2Block): Promise<void>;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -202,26 +264,42 @@ export interface L2BlockSource {
  * see L2BlockSourceEvents for the events emitted.
  */
 export type ArchiverEmitter = TypedEventEmitter<{
-  [L2BlockSourceEvents.L2PruneDetected]: (args: L2BlockPruneEvent) => void;
+  [L2BlockSourceEvents.L2PruneUnproven]: (args: L2PruneUnprovenEvent) => void;
+  [L2BlockSourceEvents.L2PruneUncheckpointed]: (args: L2PruneUncheckpointedEvent) => void;
   [L2BlockSourceEvents.L2BlockProven]: (args: L2BlockProvenEvent) => void;
-  [L2BlockSourceEvents.InvalidAttestationsBlockDetected]: (args: InvalidBlockDetectedEvent) => void;
+  [L2BlockSourceEvents.InvalidAttestationsCheckpointDetected]: (args: InvalidCheckpointDetectedEvent) => void;
+  [L2BlockSourceEvents.L2BlocksCheckpointed]: (args: L2CheckpointEvent) => void;
 }>;
-export interface L2BlockSourceEventEmitter extends L2BlockSource, ArchiverEmitter {}
+export interface L2BlockSourceEventEmitter extends L2BlockSource {
+  events: ArchiverEmitter;
+}
 
 /**
  * Identifier for L2 block tags.
- * - latest: Latest block pushed to L1.
+ * - proposed: Latest block proposed on L2.
+ * - checkpointed: Checkpointed block on L1.
  * - proven: Proven block on L1.
  * - finalized: Proven block on a finalized L1 block (not implemented, set to proven for now).
  */
-export type L2BlockTag = 'latest' | 'proven' | 'finalized';
+export type L2BlockTag = 'proposed' | 'checkpointed' | 'proven' | 'finalized';
 
 /** Tips of the L2 chain. */
-export type L2Tips = Record<L2BlockTag, L2BlockId>;
+export type L2Tips = {
+  proposed: L2BlockId;
+  checkpointed: L2TipId;
+  proven: L2TipId;
+  finalized: L2TipId;
+};
+
+export const GENESIS_CHECKPOINT_HEADER_HASH = CheckpointHeader.empty().hash();
 
 /** Identifies a block by number and hash. */
 export type L2BlockId = { number: BlockNumber; hash: string };
 
+export type CheckpointId = { number: CheckpointNumber; hash: string };
+
+export type L2TipId = { block: L2BlockId; checkpoint: CheckpointId };
+
 /** Creates an L2 block id */
 export function makeL2BlockId(number: BlockNumber, hash?: string): L2BlockId {
   if (number !== 0 && !hash) {
@@ -230,21 +308,39 @@ export function makeL2BlockId(number: BlockNumber, hash?: string): L2BlockId {
   return { number, hash: hash! };
 }
 
+/** Creates an L2 checkpoint id */
+export function makeL2CheckpointId(number: CheckpointNumber, hash: string): CheckpointId {
+  return { number, hash };
+}
+
 const L2BlockIdSchema = z.object({
   number: BlockNumberSchema,
   hash: z.string(),
 });
 
+const L2CheckpointIdSchema = z.object({
+  number: CheckpointNumberSchema,
+  hash: z.string(),
+});
+
+const L2TipIdSchema = z.object({
+  block: L2BlockIdSchema,
+  checkpoint: L2CheckpointIdSchema,
+});
+
 export const L2TipsSchema = z.object({
-  latest: L2BlockIdSchema,
-  proven: L2BlockIdSchema,
-  finalized: L2BlockIdSchema,
+  proposed: L2BlockIdSchema,
+  checkpointed: L2TipIdSchema,
+  proven: L2TipIdSchema,
+  finalized: L2TipIdSchema,
 });
 
 export enum L2BlockSourceEvents {
-  L2PruneDetected = 'l2PruneDetected',
+  L2PruneUnproven = 'l2PruneUnproven',
+  L2PruneUncheckpointed = 'l2PruneUncheckpointed',
   L2BlockProven = 'l2BlockProven',
-  InvalidAttestationsBlockDetected = 'invalidBlockDetected',
+  L2BlocksCheckpointed = 'l2BlocksCheckpointed',
+  InvalidAttestationsCheckpointDetected = 'invalidCheckpointDetected',
 }
 
 export type L2BlockProvenEvent = {
@@ -254,13 +350,24 @@ export type L2BlockProvenEvent = {
   epochNumber: EpochNumber;
 };
 
-export type L2BlockPruneEvent = {
-  type: 'l2PruneDetected';
+export type L2PruneUnprovenEvent = {
+  type: 'l2PruneUnproven';
   epochNumber: EpochNumber;
   blocks: L2Block[];
 };
 
-export type InvalidBlockDetectedEvent = {
-  type: 'invalidBlockDetected';
-  validationResult: ValidateBlockNegativeResult;
+export type L2PruneUncheckpointedEvent = {
+  type: 'l2PruneUncheckpointed';
+  slotNumber: SlotNumber;
+  blocks: L2Block[];
+};
+
+export type L2CheckpointEvent = {
+  type: 'l2BlocksCheckpointed';
+  checkpoint: PublishedCheckpoint;
+};
+
+export type InvalidCheckpointDetectedEvent = {
+  type: 'invalidCheckpointDetected';
+  validationResult: ValidateCheckpointNegativeResult;
 };

package/src/block/l2_block_stream/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 export * from './interfaces.js';
 export * from './l2_block_stream.js';
 export * from './l2_tips_memory_store.js';
+export * from './l2_tips_store_base.js';

package/src/block/l2_block_stream/interfaces.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import type { L2BlockId, L2Tips } from '../l2_block_source.js';
-import type { PublishedL2Block } from '../published_l2_block.js';
+import type { PublishedCheckpoint } from '../../checkpoint/published_checkpoint.js';
+import type { L2Block } from '../l2_block.js';
+import type { CheckpointId, L2BlockId, L2Tips } from '../l2_block_source.js';
 
 /** Interface to the local view of the chain. Implemented by world-state and l2-tips-store. */
 export interface L2BlockStreamLocalDataProvider {
@@ -15,11 +16,21 @@ export interface L2BlockStreamEventHandler {
 export type L2BlockStreamEvent =
   | /** Emits blocks added to the chain. */ {
       type: 'blocks-added';
-      blocks: PublishedL2Block[];
+      blocks: L2Block[];
     }
-  | /** Reports last correct block (new tip of the unproven chain). */ {
+  | /** Emits checkpoints published to L1. */ {
+      type: 'chain-checkpointed';
+      checkpoint: PublishedCheckpoint;
+      block: L2BlockId;
+    }
+  | /**
+   * Reports last correct block (new tip of the proposed chain). Note that this is not necessarily the anchor block
+   * that will be used in the transaction - if the chain has already moved past the reorg, we'll also see blocks-added
+   * events that will push the anchor block forward.
+   */ {
       type: 'chain-pruned';
       block: L2BlockId;
+      checkpoint: CheckpointId;
     }
   | /** Reports new proven block. */ {
       type: 'chain-proven';

package/src/block/l2_block_stream/l2_block_stream.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
-import { BlockNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { BlockNumber, CheckpointNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import { AbortError } from '@aztec/foundation/error';
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { RunningPromise } from '@aztec/foundation/running-promise';
 
+import type { PublishedCheckpoint } from '../../checkpoint/published_checkpoint.js';
 import { type L2BlockId, type L2BlockSource, makeL2BlockId } from '../l2_block_source.js';
 import type { L2BlockStreamEvent, L2BlockStreamEventHandler, L2BlockStreamLocalDataProvider } from './interfaces.js';
 
+/** Maximum number of checkpoints to prefetch at once during sync. Matches MAX_RPC_CHECKPOINTS_LEN. */
+export const CHECKPOINT_PREFETCH_LIMIT = 50;
+
 /** Creates a stream of events for new blocks, chain tips updates, and reorgs, out of polling an archiver or a node. */
 export class L2BlockStream {
   private readonly runningPromise: RunningPromise;
@@ -13,19 +17,29 @@ export class L2BlockStream {
   private hasStarted = false;
 
   constructor(
-    private l2BlockSource: Pick<L2BlockSource, 'getPublishedBlocks' | 'getBlockHeader' | 'getL2Tips'>,
+    private l2BlockSource: Pick<
+      L2BlockSource,
+      'getBlocks' | 'getBlockHeader' | 'getL2Tips' | 'getCheckpoints' | 'getCheckpointedBlocks'
+    >,
     private localData: L2BlockStreamLocalDataProvider,
     private handler: L2BlockStreamEventHandler,
     private readonly log = createLogger('types:block_stream'),
     private opts: {
-      proven?: boolean;
       pollIntervalMS?: number;
       batchSize?: number;
       startingBlock?: number;
       /** Instead of downloading all blocks, only fetch the smallest subset that results in reliable reorg detection. */
       skipFinalized?: boolean;
+      /** When true, checkpoint events will not be emitted. Blocks are still fetched via checkpoints but only blocks-added events are emitted. */
+      ignoreCheckpoints?: boolean;
+      /** Maximum number of checkpoints to prefetch at once during sync. Defaults to CHECKPOINT_PREFETCH_LIMIT (50). */
+      checkpointPrefetchLimit?: number;
     } = {},
   ) {
+    // Note that RunningPromise is in stopped state by default. This promise won't run until someone invokes `start`,
+    // which makes it run periodically, or `sync`, which triggers it once.
+    // Users of L2BlockStream decide what mode to run it in (_periodically_ vs _manually triggered_).
+    // The default is _manually triggered_.
     this.runningPromise = new RunningPromise(() => this.work(), log, this.opts.pollIntervalMS ?? 1000);
   }
 
@@ -42,6 +56,11 @@ export class L2BlockStream {
     return this.runningPromise.isRunning();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Runs the synchronization process once.
+   *
+   * If you want to run this process continuously use `start` and `stop` instead.
+   */
   public async sync() {
     this.isSyncing = true;
     await this.runningPromise.trigger();
@@ -52,36 +71,29 @@ export class L2BlockStream {
     try {
       const sourceTips = await this.l2BlockSource.getL2Tips();
       const localTips = await this.localData.getL2Tips();
-      this.log.trace(`Running L2 block stream`, {
-        sourceLatest: sourceTips.latest.number,
-        localLatest: localTips.latest.number,
-        sourceFinalized: sourceTips.finalized.number,
-        localFinalized: localTips.finalized.number,
-        sourceProven: sourceTips.proven.number,
-        localProven: localTips.proven.number,
-        sourceLatestHash: sourceTips.latest.hash,
-        localLatestHash: localTips.latest.hash,
-        sourceProvenHash: sourceTips.proven.hash,
-        localProvenHash: localTips.proven.hash,
-        sourceFinalizedHash: sourceTips.finalized.hash,
-        localFinalizedHash: localTips.finalized.hash,
-      });
+      this.log.trace(`Running L2 block stream`, { sourceTips, localTips });
 
       // Check if there was a reorg and emit a chain-pruned event if so.
-      let latestBlockNumber = localTips.latest.number;
-      const sourceCache = new BlockHashCache([sourceTips.latest]);
+      let latestBlockNumber = localTips.proposed.number;
+      const sourceCache = new BlockHashCache([sourceTips.proposed]);
       while (!(await this.areBlockHashesEqualAt(latestBlockNumber, { sourceCache }))) {
         latestBlockNumber--;
       }
 
-      if (latestBlockNumber < localTips.latest.number) {
-        latestBlockNumber = BlockNumber(Math.min(latestBlockNumber, sourceTips.latest.number)); // see #13471
+      if (latestBlockNumber < localTips.proposed.number) {
+        latestBlockNumber = BlockNumber(Math.min(latestBlockNumber, sourceTips.proposed.number)); // see #13471
         const hash = sourceCache.get(latestBlockNumber) ?? (await this.getBlockHashFromSource(latestBlockNumber));
         if (latestBlockNumber !== 0 && !hash) {
           throw new Error(`Block hash not found in block source for block number ${latestBlockNumber}`);
         }
-        this.log.verbose(`Reorg detected. Pruning blocks from ${latestBlockNumber + 1} to ${localTips.latest.number}.`);
-        await this.emitEvent({ type: 'chain-pruned', block: makeL2BlockId(latestBlockNumber, hash) });
+        this.log.verbose(
+          `Reorg detected. Pruning blocks from ${latestBlockNumber + 1} to ${localTips.proposed.number}.`,
+        );
+        await this.emitEvent({
+          type: 'chain-pruned',
+          block: makeL2BlockId(latestBlockNumber, hash),
+          checkpoint: sourceTips.checkpointed.checkpoint,
+        });
       }
 
       // If we are just starting, use the starting block number from the options.
@@ -96,40 +108,128 @@ export class L2BlockStream {
       }
 
       let nextBlockNumber = latestBlockNumber + 1;
+      let nextCheckpointToEmit = CheckpointNumber(localTips.checkpointed.checkpoint.number + 1);
       if (this.opts.skipFinalized) {
         // When skipping finalized blocks we need to provide reliable reorg detection while fetching as few blocks as
         // possible. Finalized blocks cannot be reorged by definition, so we can skip most of them. We do need the very
         // last finalized block however in order to guarantee that we will eventually find a block in which our local
         // store matches the source.
         // If the last finalized block is behind our local tip, there is nothing to skip.
-        nextBlockNumber = Math.max(sourceTips.finalized.number, nextBlockNumber);
+        nextBlockNumber = Math.max(sourceTips.finalized.block.number, nextBlockNumber);
+        // If the next checkpoint to emit is behind the finalized tip then skip forward
+        nextCheckpointToEmit = CheckpointNumber(Math.max(nextCheckpointToEmit, sourceTips.finalized.checkpoint.number));
       }
 
-      // Request new blocks from the source.
-      while (nextBlockNumber <= sourceTips.latest.number) {
-        const limit = Math.min(this.opts.batchSize ?? 50, sourceTips.latest.number - nextBlockNumber + 1);
-        this.log.trace(`Requesting blocks from ${nextBlockNumber} limit ${limit} proven=${this.opts.proven}`);
-        const blocks = await this.l2BlockSource.getPublishedBlocks(
-          BlockNumber(nextBlockNumber),
-          limit,
-          this.opts.proven,
-        );
+      // Loop 1: Emit checkpoint events for checkpoints whose blocks are already in local storage.
+      // This handles the case where blocks were synced as uncheckpointed and later became checkpointed.
+      // The guard `lastBlockInCheckpoint.number > localTips.proposed.number` ensures we don't emit
+      // checkpoints for blocks we don't have (e.g., when startingBlock skips earlier blocks).
+      // Since only one checkpoint can ever be uncheckpointed, this loop should iterate at most once.
+      if (!this.opts.ignoreCheckpoints) {
+        let loop1Iterations = 0;
+        while (nextCheckpointToEmit <= sourceTips.checkpointed.checkpoint.number) {
+          const checkpoints = await this.l2BlockSource.getCheckpoints(nextCheckpointToEmit, 1);
+          if (checkpoints.length === 0) {
+            break;
+          }
+          const lastBlockInCheckpoint = checkpoints[0].checkpoint.blocks.at(-1)!;
+          // If this checkpoint has blocks we haven't seen yet, stop - they need to be fetched first
+          if (lastBlockInCheckpoint.number > localTips.proposed.number) {
+            break;
+          }
+          loop1Iterations++;
+          if (loop1Iterations > 1) {
+            this.log.warn(
+              `Emitting multiple checkpoints (${loop1Iterations}) for already-local blocks. ` +
+                `Next checkpoint: ${nextCheckpointToEmit}, source checkpointed: ${sourceTips.checkpointed.checkpoint.number}`,
+            );
+          }
+          const lastBlockHash = await lastBlockInCheckpoint.hash();
+          await this.emitEvent({
+            type: 'chain-checkpointed',
+            checkpoint: checkpoints[0],
+            block: makeL2BlockId(lastBlockInCheckpoint.number, lastBlockHash.toString()),
+          });
+          nextCheckpointToEmit = CheckpointNumber(nextCheckpointToEmit + 1);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Loop 2: Fetch new checkpointed blocks. For each checkpoint, emit all blocks
+      // from that checkpoint that we need, then emit the checkpoint event.
+      // We prefetch multiple checkpoints, then process them one by one.
+      let prefetchedCheckpoints: PublishedCheckpoint[] = [];
+      let prefetchIdx = 0;
+      let nextCheckpointNumber: CheckpointNumber | undefined;
+
+      // Find the starting checkpoint number
+      if (nextBlockNumber <= sourceTips.checkpointed.block.number) {
+        const blocks = await this.l2BlockSource.getCheckpointedBlocks(BlockNumber(nextBlockNumber), 1);
+        if (blocks.length > 0) {
+          nextCheckpointNumber = blocks[0].checkpointNumber;
+        }
+      }
+
+      while (nextBlockNumber <= sourceTips.checkpointed.block.number && nextCheckpointNumber !== undefined) {
+        // Refill the prefetch buffer when exhausted
+        if (prefetchIdx >= prefetchedCheckpoints.length) {
+          const prefetchLimit = this.opts.checkpointPrefetchLimit ?? CHECKPOINT_PREFETCH_LIMIT;
+          prefetchedCheckpoints = await this.l2BlockSource.getCheckpoints(nextCheckpointNumber, prefetchLimit);
+          prefetchIdx = 0;
+          if (prefetchedCheckpoints.length === 0) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        const checkpoint = prefetchedCheckpoints[prefetchIdx]!;
+
+        // Get all blocks from this checkpoint that we need, respecting batchSize
+        const limit = Math.min(this.opts.batchSize ?? 50, sourceTips.checkpointed.block.number - nextBlockNumber + 1);
+        const blocksForCheckpoint = checkpoint.checkpoint.blocks
+          .filter(b => b.number >= nextBlockNumber)
+          .slice(0, limit);
+        if (blocksForCheckpoint.length === 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+        await this.emitEvent({ type: 'blocks-added', blocks: blocksForCheckpoint });
+        nextBlockNumber = blocksForCheckpoint.at(-1)!.number + 1;
+
+        // If we've reached the end of this checkpoint, emit the checkpoint event and move to next
+        const lastBlockInCheckpoint = checkpoint.checkpoint.blocks.at(-1)!;
+        if (nextBlockNumber > lastBlockInCheckpoint.number) {
+          if (!this.opts.ignoreCheckpoints) {
+            const lastBlockHash = await lastBlockInCheckpoint.hash();
+            await this.emitEvent({
+              type: 'chain-checkpointed',
+              checkpoint,
+              block: makeL2BlockId(lastBlockInCheckpoint.number, lastBlockHash.toString()),
+            });
+          }
+          prefetchIdx++;
+          nextCheckpointNumber = CheckpointNumber(nextCheckpointNumber + 1);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Loop 3: Fetch any remaining uncheckpointed (proposed) blocks.
+      while (nextBlockNumber <= sourceTips.proposed.number) {
+        const limit = Math.min(this.opts.batchSize ?? 50, sourceTips.proposed.number - nextBlockNumber + 1);
+        this.log.trace(`Requesting blocks from ${nextBlockNumber} limit ${limit}`);
+        const blocks = await this.l2BlockSource.getBlocks(BlockNumber(nextBlockNumber), BlockNumber(limit));
         if (blocks.length === 0) {
           break;
         }
         await this.emitEvent({ type: 'blocks-added', blocks });
-        nextBlockNumber = blocks.at(-1)!.block.number + 1;
+        nextBlockNumber = blocks.at(-1)!.number + 1;
       }
 
       // Update the proven and finalized tips.
-      if (localTips.proven !== undefined && sourceTips.proven.number !== localTips.proven.number) {
+      if (localTips.proven !== undefined && sourceTips.proven.block.number !== localTips.proven.block.number) {
         await this.emitEvent({
           type: 'chain-proven',
-          block: sourceTips.proven,
+          block: sourceTips.proven.block,
         });
       }
-      if (localTips.finalized !== undefined && sourceTips.finalized.number !== localTips.finalized.number) {
-        await this.emitEvent({ type: 'chain-finalized', block: sourceTips.finalized });
+      if (localTips.finalized !== undefined && sourceTips.finalized.block.number !== localTips.finalized.block.number) {
+        await this.emitEvent({ type: 'chain-finalized', block: sourceTips.finalized.block });
       }
     } catch (err: any) {
       if (err.name === 'AbortError') {
@@ -177,7 +277,7 @@ export class L2BlockStream {
 
   private async emitEvent(event: L2BlockStreamEvent) {
     this.log.debug(
-      `Emitting ${event.type} (${event.type === 'blocks-added' ? event.blocks.length : event.block.number})`,
+      `Emitting ${event.type} (${event.type === 'blocks-added' ? event.blocks.length : event.type === 'chain-checkpointed' ? event.checkpoint.checkpoint.number : event.block.number})`,
     );
     await this.handler.handleBlockStreamEvent(event);
     if (!this.isRunning() && !this.isSyncing) {