@aztec/stdlib 0.0.1-commit.e558bd1c → 0.0.1-commit.e57c76e

package/src/tx/partial_state_reference.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { PARTIAL_STATE_REFERENCE_LENGTH } from '@aztec/constants';
 import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
-import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
+import { BufferReader, BufferSink, FieldReader, serializeToSink } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
 
 import { z } from 'zod';
@@ -88,8 +88,13 @@ export class PartialStateReference {
     );
   }
 
-  toBuffer() {
-    return serializeToBuffer(this.noteHashTree, this.nullifierTree, this.publicDataTree);
+  toBuffer(): Buffer;
+  toBuffer(sink: BufferSink): void;
+  toBuffer(sink?: BufferSink): Buffer | void {
+    if (!sink) {
+      return BufferSink.serialize(this);
+    }
+    serializeToSink(sink, this.noteHashTree, this.nullifierTree, this.publicDataTree);
   }
 
   toFields() {

package/src/tx/private_execution_result.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { PrivateCircuitPublicInputs } from '../kernel/private_circuit_public_inp
 import type { IsEmpty } from '../kernel/utils/interfaces.js';
 import { sortByCounter } from '../kernel/utils/order_and_comparison.js';
 import { ContractClassLog, ContractClassLogFields } from '../logs/contract_class_log.js';
-import { type PreTag, PreTagSchema } from '../logs/pre_tag.js';
+import { type TaggingIndexRange, TaggingIndexRangeSchema } from '../logs/tagging_index_range.js';
 import { Note } from '../note/note.js';
 import { type ZodFor, mapSchema, schemas } from '../schemas/index.js';
 import { HashedValues } from './hashed_values.js';
@@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ export class PrivateCallExecutionResult {
     public returnValues: Fr[],
     /** The offchain effects emitted during execution of this function call via the `emit_offchain_effect` oracle. */
     public offchainEffects: { data: Fr[] }[],
-    /** The pre-tags used in this tx to compute tags for private logs */
-    public preTags: PreTag[],
+    /** The tagging index ranges used in this tx to compute tags for private logs */
+    public taggingIndexRanges: TaggingIndexRange[],
     /** The nested executions. */
     public nestedExecutionResults: PrivateCallExecutionResult[],
     /**
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ export class PrivateCallExecutionResult {
         noteHashNullifierCounterMap: mapSchema(z.coerce.number(), z.number()),
         returnValues: z.array(schemas.Fr),
         offchainEffects: z.array(z.object({ data: z.array(schemas.Fr) })),
-        preTags: z.array(PreTagSchema),
+        taggingIndexRanges: z.array(TaggingIndexRangeSchema),
         nestedExecutionResults: z.array(z.lazy(() => PrivateCallExecutionResult.schema)),
         contractClassLogs: z.array(CountedContractClassLog.schema),
       })
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ export class PrivateCallExecutionResult {
       fields.noteHashNullifierCounterMap,
       fields.returnValues,
       fields.offchainEffects,
-      fields.preTags,
+      fields.taggingIndexRanges,
       fields.nestedExecutionResults,
       fields.contractClassLogs,
     );

package/src/tx/profiling.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type ZodFor, optional, schemas } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
 
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
+import { AztecAddress } from '../aztec-address/index.js';
 import type { AztecNode } from '../interfaces/aztec-node.js';
 import { type PrivateExecutionStep, PrivateExecutionStepSchema } from '../kernel/private_kernel_prover_output.js';
 
@@ -132,12 +133,12 @@ export class TxProfileResult {
       ],
       {
         nodeRPCCalls: {
-          perMethod: { getBlockHeader: { times: [1] } },
+          perMethod: { getBlock: { times: [1] } },
           roundTrips: {
             roundTrips: 1,
             totalBlockingTime: 1,
             roundTripDurations: [1],
-            roundTripMethods: [['getBlockHeader']],
+            roundTripMethods: [['getBlock']],
           },
         },
         timings: {
@@ -157,30 +158,38 @@ export class TxProfileResult {
   }
 }
 
-export class UtilitySimulationResult {
+export class UtilityExecutionResult {
   constructor(
     public result: Fr[],
+    public offchainEffects: { data: Fr[]; contractAddress: AztecAddress }[],
+    /** Timestamp of the anchor block used during utility execution. */
+    public anchorBlockTimestamp: bigint,
     public stats?: SimulationStats,
   ) {}
 
-  static get schema(): ZodFor<UtilitySimulationResult> {
+  static get schema(): ZodFor<UtilityExecutionResult> {
     return z
       .object({
         result: z.array(schemas.Fr),
+        offchainEffects: z.array(z.object({ data: z.array(schemas.Fr), contractAddress: AztecAddress.schema })),
+        anchorBlockTimestamp: schemas.BigInt,
         stats: optional(SimulationStatsSchema),
       })
-      .transform(({ result, stats }) => new UtilitySimulationResult(result, stats));
+      .transform(
+        ({ result, offchainEffects, anchorBlockTimestamp, stats }) =>
+          new UtilityExecutionResult(result, offchainEffects, anchorBlockTimestamp, stats),
+      );
   }
 
-  static random(): UtilitySimulationResult {
-    return new UtilitySimulationResult([Fr.random()], {
+  static random(): UtilityExecutionResult {
+    return new UtilityExecutionResult([Fr.random()], [], 0n, {
       nodeRPCCalls: {
-        perMethod: { getBlockHeader: { times: [1] } },
+        perMethod: { getBlock: { times: [1] } },
         roundTrips: {
           roundTrips: 1,
           totalBlockingTime: 1,
           roundTripDurations: [1],
-          roundTripMethods: [['getBlockHeader']],
+          roundTripMethods: [['getBlock']],
         },
       },
       timings: {

package/src/tx/protocol_contracts.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { GeneratorIndex, MAX_PROTOCOL_CONTRACTS } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { DomainSeparator, MAX_PROTOCOL_CONTRACTS } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { makeTuple } from '@aztec/foundation/array';
 import { arraySerializedSizeOfNonEmpty } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { poseidon2HashWithSeparator } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/poseidon';
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ export class ProtocolContracts {
   }
 
   hash() {
-    return poseidon2HashWithSeparator(this.derivedAddresses, GeneratorIndex.PROTOCOL_CONTRACTS);
+    return poseidon2HashWithSeparator(this.derivedAddresses, DomainSeparator.PROTOCOL_CONTRACTS);
   }
 
   static get schema() {

package/src/tx/proven_tx.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
 } from './private_execution_result.js';
 import { type ProvingStats, ProvingTimingsSchema } from './profiling.js';
 import { Tx } from './tx.js';
+import type { TxHash } from './tx_hash.js';
 
 export class TxProvingResult {
   constructor(
@@ -22,6 +23,11 @@ export class TxProvingResult {
     public stats?: ProvingStats,
   ) {}
 
+  getTxHash(): Promise<TxHash> {
+    // Equivalent to `(await this.toTx()).txHash` but skips walking the execution result tree to collect logs.
+    return Tx.computeTxHash({ data: this.publicInputs });
+  }
+
   async toTx(): Promise<Tx> {
     const contractClassLogs = collectSortedContractClassLogs(this.privateExecutionResult);
 

package/src/tx/public_call_request_with_calldata.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
-import { BufferReader, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
+import { BufferReader, BufferSink, serializeToSink } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 
 import { inspect } from 'util';
 import { z } from 'zod';
@@ -63,8 +63,13 @@ export class PublicCallRequestWithCalldata {
     );
   }
 
-  toBuffer() {
-    return serializeToBuffer(this.request, new Vector(this.calldata));
+  toBuffer(): Buffer;
+  toBuffer(sink: BufferSink): void;
+  toBuffer(sink?: BufferSink): Buffer | void {
+    if (!sink) {
+      return BufferSink.serialize(this);
+    }
+    serializeToSink(sink, this.request, new Vector(this.calldata));
   }
 
   static fromBuffer(buffer: Buffer | BufferReader) {

package/src/tx/public_simulation_output.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { z } from 'zod';
 import { SimulationError } from '../errors/simulation_error.js';
 import { Gas } from '../gas/gas.js';
 import type { GasUsed } from '../gas/gas_used.js';
+import { DebugLog } from '../logs/debug_log.js';
 import { NullishToUndefined } from '../schemas/schemas.js';
 import { TxEffect } from '../tx/tx_effect.js';
 import { GlobalVariables } from './global_variables.js';
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ export class PublicSimulationOutput {
     public txEffect: TxEffect,
     public publicReturnValues: NestedProcessReturnValues[],
     public gasUsed: GasUsed,
+    public debugLogs: DebugLog[] = [],
   ) {}
 
   static get schema(): ZodFor<PublicSimulationOutput> {
@@ -86,6 +88,7 @@ export class PublicSimulationOutput {
           publicGas: Gas.schema,
           billedGas: Gas.schema,
         }),
+        debugLogs: z.array(DebugLog.schema).default([]),
       })
       .transform(
         fields =>
@@ -95,6 +98,7 @@ export class PublicSimulationOutput {
             fields.txEffect,
             fields.publicReturnValues,
             fields.gasUsed,
+            fields.debugLogs,
           ),
       );
   }

package/src/tx/simulated_tx.ts

@@ -3,18 +3,20 @@ import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
 
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
-import { type ContractArtifact, ContractArtifactSchema } from '../abi/abi.js';
 import {
   type ContractInstanceWithAddress,
   ContractInstanceWithAddressSchema,
 } from '../contract/interfaces/contract_instance.js';
 import { Gas } from '../gas/gas.js';
 import type { GasUsed } from '../gas/gas_used.js';
+import { type PublicStorageOverride, PublicStorageOverrideSchema } from '../interfaces/public_storage_override.js';
 import { PrivateKernelTailCircuitPublicInputs } from '../kernel/private_kernel_tail_circuit_public_inputs.js';
 import { ChonkProof } from '../proofs/chonk_proof.js';
+import type { OffchainEffect } from './offchain_effect.js';
 import {
   PrivateCallExecutionResult,
   PrivateExecutionResult,
+  collectOffchainEffects,
   collectSortedContractClassLogs,
 } from './private_execution_result.js';
 import { type SimulationStats, SimulationStatsSchema } from './profiling.js';
@@ -22,35 +24,36 @@ import { NestedProcessReturnValues, PublicSimulationOutput } from './public_simu
 import { Tx } from './tx.js';
 
 /*
- * If passed during the execution of a user circuit, the contract function simulator will replace the instance and class
- * of the contract with the one provided in the overrides for that address. An example use case
- * would be overriding your own account contract so that valid signatures don't have to be provided while simulating.
+ * If passed during the execution of a user circuit, the contract function simulator will replace
+ * the contract instance at that address with the one provided. An example use case would be
+ * overriding your own account contract so that valid signatures don't have to be provided while
+ * simulating. The override's `currentContractClassId` resolves through PXE's locally registered
+ * classes, so pre-register the target artifact via `pxe.registerContractClass(...)`.
  */
-export type ContractOverrides = Record<
-  string /* AztecAddress as string */,
-  { instance: ContractInstanceWithAddress; artifact: ContractArtifact }
->;
+export type ContractOverrides = Record<string /* AztecAddress as string */, { instance: ContractInstanceWithAddress }>;
 
 /*
- * Optional values that can be overridden during simulation. In order to simulate a transaction with these
- * set, it *must* be run without the kernel circuits, or validations will fail
+ * Optional values that can be overridden during simulation. `publicStorage` writes to the public-data
+ * tree fork. `contracts` overrides contract instances in the contract DB.
+ * In order to simulate a transaction with these set, it *must* be run without the kernel circuits,
+ * or validations will fail.
  */
 export class SimulationOverrides {
-  constructor(public contracts?: ContractOverrides) {}
+  public publicStorage?: PublicStorageOverride[];
+  public contracts?: ContractOverrides;
+
+  constructor(args: { publicStorage?: PublicStorageOverride[]; contracts?: ContractOverrides } = {}) {
+    this.publicStorage = args.publicStorage?.length ? args.publicStorage : undefined;
+    this.contracts = args.contracts && Object.keys(args.contracts).length > 0 ? args.contracts : undefined;
+  }
 
   static get schema() {
     return z
       .object({
-        contracts: optional(
-          z.record(
-            z.string(),
-            z.object({ instance: ContractInstanceWithAddressSchema, artifact: ContractArtifactSchema }),
-          ),
-        ),
+        publicStorage: optional(z.array(PublicStorageOverrideSchema)),
+        contracts: optional(z.record(z.string(), z.object({ instance: ContractInstanceWithAddressSchema }))),
       })
-      .transform(({ contracts }) => {
-        return new SimulationOverrides(contracts);
-      });
+      .transform(args => new SimulationOverrides(args));
   }
 }
 
@@ -84,6 +87,11 @@ export class TxSimulationResult {
     public stats?: SimulationStats,
   ) {}
 
+  /** Returns offchain effects collected from private execution. */
+  get offchainEffects(): OffchainEffect[] {
+    return collectOffchainEffects(this.privateExecutionResult);
+  }
+
   get gasUsed(): GasUsed {
     return (
       this.publicOutput?.gasUsed ?? {
@@ -106,7 +114,7 @@ export class TxSimulationResult {
       .transform(TxSimulationResult.from);
   }
 
-  static from(fields: Omit<FieldsOf<TxSimulationResult>, 'gasUsed'>) {
+  static from(fields: Omit<FieldsOf<TxSimulationResult>, 'gasUsed' | 'offchainEffects'>) {
     return new TxSimulationResult(
       fields.privateExecutionResult,
       fields.publicInputs,
@@ -150,7 +158,7 @@ export class TxSimulationResult {
 }
 
 /**
- * Recursively accummulate the return values of a call result and its nested executions,
+ * Recursively accumulate the return values of a call result and its nested executions,
  * so they can be retrieved in order.
  * @param executionResult
  * @returns

package/src/tx/state_reference.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
   STATE_REFERENCE_LENGTH,
 } from '@aztec/constants';
 import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
-import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
+import { BufferReader, BufferSink, FieldReader, serializeToSink } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
 
 import { inspect } from 'util';
@@ -46,9 +46,14 @@ export class StateReference {
     return new StateReference(...StateReference.getFields(fields));
   }
 
-  toBuffer() {
-    // Note: The order here must match the order in the ProposedHeaderLib solidity library.
-    return serializeToBuffer(this.l1ToL2MessageTree, this.partial);
+  // Note: The order here must match the order in the ProposedHeaderLib solidity library.
+  toBuffer(): Buffer;
+  toBuffer(sink: BufferSink): void;
+  toBuffer(sink?: BufferSink): Buffer | void {
+    if (!sink) {
+      return BufferSink.serialize(this);
+    }
+    serializeToSink(sink, this.l1ToL2MessageTree, this.partial);
   }
 
   toFields(): Fr[] {

package/src/tx/tree_snapshots.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { TREE_SNAPSHOTS_LENGTH } from '@aztec/constants';
 import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
-import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
+import { BufferReader, BufferSink, FieldReader, serializeToSink } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 
 import { inspect } from 'util';
 import { z } from 'zod';
@@ -51,9 +51,14 @@ export class TreeSnapshots {
     );
   }
 
-  toBuffer() {
-    // Note: The order here must match the order in the ProposedHeaderLib solidity library.
-    return serializeToBuffer(this.l1ToL2MessageTree, this.noteHashTree, this.nullifierTree, this.publicDataTree);
+  // Note: The order here must match the order in the ProposedHeaderLib solidity library.
+  toBuffer(): Buffer;
+  toBuffer(sink: BufferSink): void;
+  toBuffer(sink?: BufferSink): Buffer | void {
+    if (!sink) {
+      return BufferSink.serialize(this);
+    }
+    serializeToSink(sink, this.l1ToL2MessageTree, this.noteHashTree, this.nullifierTree, this.publicDataTree);
   }
 
   static fromFields(fields: Fr[] | FieldReader) {

package/src/tx/tx.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
-import { Buffer32 } from '@aztec/foundation/buffer';
+import { DA_GAS_PER_FIELD, TX_DA_GAS_OVERHEAD } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { type BaseBuffer32, Buffer32 } from '@aztec/foundation/buffer';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import type { ZodFor } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
-import { BufferReader, serializeArrayOfBufferableToVector, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
-import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
+import {
+  BufferReader,
+  BufferSink,
+  serializeArrayOfBufferableToVector,
+  serializeArrayToSink,
+  serializeToSink,
+} from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
+import { type FieldsOf, unfreeze } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
 
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 import type { GasSettings } from '../gas/gas_settings.js';
-import type { GetPublicLogsResponse } from '../interfaces/get_logs_response.js';
-import type { L2LogsSource } from '../interfaces/l2_logs_source.js';
 import type { PublicCallRequest } from '../kernel/index.js';
 import { PrivateKernelTailCircuitPublicInputs } from '../kernel/private_kernel_tail_circuit_public_inputs.js';
 import { ContractClassLog, ContractClassLogFields } from '../logs/contract_class_log.js';
@@ -20,6 +25,14 @@ import { HashedValues } from './hashed_values.js';
 import { PublicCallRequestWithCalldata } from './public_call_request_with_calldata.js';
 import { TxHash } from './tx_hash.js';
 
+// Static presize hint for the BufferSink the no-sink Tx.toBuffer() path allocates. Empirically a
+// public-with-enqueued-calls Tx serialized by the bootstrapped bench (yarn-project/stdlib/src/tx/
+// tx_bench.test.ts) is ~129128 bytes; a private-only Tx is ~81763 bytes. 128 KiB covers both shapes
+// without a single doubling-growth `ensure()` resize on the cold path. Real-world Txs that happen to
+// exceed this still serialize correctly — the sink falls back to its standard doubling growth — just
+// with the existing cost.
+const TX_SINK_PRESIZE_BYTES = 131072;
+
 /**
  * The interface of an L2 transaction.
  */
@@ -63,7 +76,7 @@ export class Tx extends Gossipable {
   // docs:end:tx_class
 
   // Gossipable method
-  override generateP2PMessageIdentifier(): Promise<Buffer32> {
+  override generateP2PMessageIdentifier(): Promise<BaseBuffer32> {
     return Promise.resolve(new Buffer32(this.getTxHash().toBuffer()));
   }
 
@@ -126,14 +139,15 @@ export class Tx extends Gossipable {
    * Serializes the Tx object into a Buffer.
    * @returns Buffer representation of the Tx object.
    */
-  toBuffer() {
-    return serializeToBuffer([
-      this.txHash,
-      this.data,
-      this.chonkProof,
-      serializeArrayOfBufferableToVector(this.contractClassLogFields, 1),
-      serializeArrayOfBufferableToVector(this.publicFunctionCalldata, 1),
-    ]);
+  toBuffer(): Buffer;
+  toBuffer(sink: BufferSink): void;
+  toBuffer(sink?: BufferSink): Buffer | void {
+    if (!sink) {
+      return BufferSink.serialize(this, TX_SINK_PRESIZE_BYTES);
+    }
+    serializeToSink(sink, this.txHash, this.data, this.chonkProof);
+    serializeArrayToSink(sink, this.contractClassLogFields, 1);
+    serializeArrayToSink(sink, this.publicFunctionCalldata, 1);
   }
 
   static get schema(): ZodFor<Tx> {
@@ -179,15 +193,6 @@ export class Tx extends Gossipable {
     return this.txHash.equals(expectedHash);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Gets public logs emitted by this tx.
-   * @param logsSource - An instance of `L2LogsSource` which can be used to obtain the logs.
-   * @returns The requested logs.
-   */
-  public getPublicLogs(logsSource: L2LogsSource): Promise<GetPublicLogsResponse> {
-    return logsSource.getPublicLogs({ txHash: this.getTxHash() });
-  }
-
   getContractClassLogs(): ContractClassLog[] {
     const logHashes = this.data.getNonEmptyContractClassLogsHashes();
     return logHashes.map((logHash, i) =>
@@ -264,16 +269,24 @@ export class Tx extends Gossipable {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Estimates the tx size based on its private effects. Note that the actual size of the tx
-   * after processing will probably be larger, as public execution would generate more data.
+   * Returns the number of fields this tx's effects will occupy in the blob,
+   * based on its private side effects only. Accurate for txs without public calls.
+   * For txs with public calls, the actual size will be larger due to public execution outputs.
    */
-  getEstimatedPrivateTxEffectsSize() {
-    return (
-      this.data.getNonEmptyNoteHashes().length * Fr.SIZE_IN_BYTES +
-      this.data.getNonEmptyNullifiers().length * Fr.SIZE_IN_BYTES +
-      this.data.getEmittedPrivateLogsLength() * Fr.SIZE_IN_BYTES +
-      this.data.getEmittedContractClassLogsLength() * Fr.SIZE_IN_BYTES
-    );
+  getPrivateTxEffectsSizeInFields(): number {
+    // 3 fields overhead: tx_start_marker, tx_hash, tx_fee.
+    // TX_DA_GAS_OVERHEAD is defined as N * DA_GAS_PER_FIELD, so this division is always exact.
+    const overheadFields = TX_DA_GAS_OVERHEAD / DA_GAS_PER_FIELD;
+    const noteHashes = this.data.getNonEmptyNoteHashes().length;
+    const nullifiers = this.data.getNonEmptyNullifiers().length;
+    const l2ToL1Msgs = this.data.getNonEmptyL2ToL1Msgs().length;
+    // Each private log occupies (emittedLength + 1) fields: content + length field
+    const privateLogFields = this.data.getNonEmptyPrivateLogs().reduce((acc, log) => acc + log.emittedLength + 1, 0);
+    // Each contract class log occupies (length + 1) fields: content + contract address
+    const contractClassLogFields = this.data
+      .getNonEmptyContractClassLogsHashes()
+      .reduce((acc, log) => acc + log.logHash.length + 1, 0);
+    return overheadFields + noteHashes + nullifiers + l2ToL1Msgs + privateLogFields + contractClassLogFields;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -292,6 +305,16 @@ export class Tx extends Gossipable {
     return clonedTx;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns a copy of this tx with its proof stripped (replaced by an empty {@link ChonkProof}). Used when archiving
+   * txs or shipping a pending tx over RPC where the proof is not needed. Note that {@link Tx.clone} with
+   * `cloneProof = false` does not strip the proof; it shares the original.
+   * @returns A new tx with an empty proof.
+   */
+  withoutProof(): Tx {
+    return new Tx(this.txHash, this.data, ChonkProof.empty(), this.contractClassLogFields, this.publicFunctionCalldata);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Creates a random tx.
    * @param randomProof - Whether to create a random proof - this will be random bytes of the full size.
@@ -309,7 +332,7 @@ export class Tx extends Gossipable {
 
   /** Recomputes the tx hash. Used for testing purposes only when a property of the tx was mutated. */
   public async recomputeHash(): Promise<TxHash> {
-    (this as any).txHash = await Tx.computeTxHash(this);
+    unfreeze(this).txHash = await Tx.computeTxHash(this);
     return this.txHash;
   }
 
@@ -336,7 +359,12 @@ export class TxArray extends Array<Tx> {
     }
   }
 
-  public toBuffer(): Buffer {
-    return serializeArrayOfBufferableToVector(this);
+  public toBuffer(): Buffer;
+  public toBuffer(sink: BufferSink): void;
+  public toBuffer(sink?: BufferSink): Buffer | void {
+    if (!sink) {
+      return serializeArrayOfBufferableToVector(this);
+    }
+    serializeArrayToSink(sink, [...this]);
   }
 }

package/src/tx/tx_constant_data.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { TX_CONSTANT_DATA_LENGTH } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
-import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer, serializeToFields } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
+import { BufferReader, BufferSink, FieldReader, serializeToFields, serializeToSink } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
 
 import { BlockHeader } from './block_header.js';
@@ -57,8 +57,13 @@ export class TxConstantData {
     );
   }
 
-  toBuffer() {
-    return serializeToBuffer(...TxConstantData.getFields(this));
+  toBuffer(): Buffer;
+  toBuffer(sink: BufferSink): void;
+  toBuffer(sink?: BufferSink): Buffer | void {
+    if (!sink) {
+      return BufferSink.serialize(this);
+    }
+    serializeToSink(sink, ...TxConstantData.getFields(this));
   }
 
   static empty() {

package/src/tx/tx_context.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { TX_CONTEXT_LENGTH } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { schemas } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
-import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer, serializeToFields } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
+import { BufferReader, BufferSink, FieldReader, serializeToFields, serializeToSink } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
 
 import { z } from 'zod';
@@ -49,8 +49,13 @@ export class TxContext {
    * Serialize as a buffer.
    * @returns The buffer.
    */
-  toBuffer() {
-    return serializeToBuffer(...TxContext.getFields(this));
+  toBuffer(): Buffer;
+  toBuffer(sink: BufferSink): void;
+  toBuffer(sink?: BufferSink): Buffer | void {
+    if (!sink) {
+      return BufferSink.serialize(this);
+    }
+    serializeToSink(sink, ...TxContext.getFields(this));
   }
 
   static fromFields(fields: Fr[] | FieldReader): TxContext {

package/src/tx/tx_hash.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
-import { BufferReader, serializeArrayOfBufferableToVector } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
+import {
+  BufferReader,
+  type BufferSink,
+  serializeArrayOfBufferableToVector,
+  serializeArrayToSink,
+} from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 
 import { schemas } from '../schemas/index.js';
 
@@ -34,8 +39,13 @@ export class TxHash {
     return new TxHash(value);
   }
 
-  public toBuffer() {
-    return this.hash.toBuffer();
+  public toBuffer(): Buffer;
+  public toBuffer(sink: BufferSink): void;
+  public toBuffer(sink?: BufferSink): Buffer | void {
+    if (!sink) {
+      return this.hash.toBuffer();
+    }
+    this.hash.toBuffer(sink);
   }
 
   public toString() {
@@ -82,7 +92,12 @@ export class TxHashArray extends Array<TxHash> {
     }
   }
 
-  public toBuffer(): Buffer {
-    return serializeArrayOfBufferableToVector([...this]);
+  public toBuffer(): Buffer;
+  public toBuffer(sink: BufferSink): void;
+  public toBuffer(sink?: BufferSink): Buffer | void {
+    if (!sink) {
+      return serializeArrayOfBufferableToVector([...this]);
+    }
+    serializeArrayToSink(sink, [...this]);
   }
 }