@aztec/stdlib 0.0.1-commit.d431d1c → 0.0.1-commit.d939eb5aa

package/src/gas/fee_math.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/**
+ * TypeScript port of fee computation logic from FeeLib.sol.
+ * Used to predict worst-case min fees over a future window of L2 slots.
+ */
+
+// Constants matching FeeLib.sol
+export const MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER = 1_000_000_000n;
+export const L1_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT_PROPOSED = 300_000n;
+export const L1_GAS_PER_EPOCH_VERIFIED = 3_600_000n;
+export const BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT = 3n;
+export const BLOB_GAS_PER_BLOB = 2n ** 17n;
+export const MAGIC_CONGESTION_VALUE_MULTIPLIER = 854_700_854n;
+export const MAGIC_CONGESTION_VALUE_DIVISOR = 100_000_000n;
+export const ETH_PER_FEE_ASSET_PRECISION = 1_000_000_000_000n;
+export const MIN_ETH_PER_FEE_ASSET = 100n;
+
+/** Number of L2 slots of lag before new oracle values activate. Defines the prediction window. */
+export const FEE_ORACLE_LAG = 2;
+
+/** Expected mana usage per checkpoint for fee prediction. */
+export enum ManaUsageEstimate {
+  /** No usage — fees decrease as congestion drains. */
+  None = 'none',
+  /** Target usage — congestion stays roughly flat (steady state). */
+  Target = 'target',
+  /** Limit usage (2x target) — worst case, congestion grows maximally. */
+  Limit = 'limit',
+}
+
+/** Parameters for computing the mana min fee at a given point in time. */
+export type ManaMinFeeParams = {
+  l1BaseFee: bigint;
+  l1BlobFee: bigint;
+  manaTarget: bigint;
+  epochDuration: bigint;
+  provingCostPerManaEth: bigint;
+  excessMana: bigint;
+  ethPerFeeAsset: bigint;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Taylor series approximation of `factor * e^(numerator/denominator)`.
+ * Direct port of FeeLib.sol fakeExponential (EIP-4844 style).
+ */
+export function fakeExponential(factor: bigint, numerator: bigint, denominator: bigint): bigint {
+  let i = 1n;
+  let output = 0n;
+  let numeratorAccumulator = factor * denominator;
+  while (numeratorAccumulator > 0n) {
+    output += numeratorAccumulator;
+    numeratorAccumulator = (numeratorAccumulator * numerator) / (denominator * i);
+    i += 1n;
+  }
+  return output / denominator;
+}
+
+/** Computes excess mana for the next checkpoint, clamped to zero. */
+export function computeExcessMana(prevExcessMana: bigint, prevManaUsed: bigint, manaTarget: bigint): bigint {
+  const sum = prevExcessMana + prevManaUsed;
+  return sum > manaTarget ? sum - manaTarget : 0n;
+}
+
+/** Computes the congestion multiplier from excess mana (1e9 = no congestion). */
+export function computeCongestionMultiplier(excessMana: bigint, manaTarget: bigint): bigint {
+  const denominator = (manaTarget * MAGIC_CONGESTION_VALUE_MULTIPLIER) / MAGIC_CONGESTION_VALUE_DIVISOR;
+  const cappedNumerator = excessMana < denominator * 100n ? excessMana : denominator * 100n;
+  return fakeExponential(MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER, cappedNumerator, denominator);
+}
+
+/** Ceiling division for positive bigints. */
+function ceilDiv(a: bigint, b: bigint): bigint {
+  return (a + b - 1n) / b;
+}
+
+/** Converts an ETH value to fee asset value using ethPerFeeAsset (1e12 precision). */
+function toFeeAsset(ethValue: bigint, ethPerFeeAsset: bigint): bigint {
+  if (ethPerFeeAsset === 0n) {
+    return 0n;
+  }
+  return ceilDiv(ethValue * ETH_PER_FEE_ASSET_PRECISION, ethPerFeeAsset);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Computes the full mana min fee (sequencer + prover + congestion) in fee asset terms.
+ * Mirrors FeeLib.getManaMinFeeComponentsAt + summedMinFee.
+ */
+export function computeManaMinFee(params: ManaMinFeeParams): bigint {
+  const { l1BaseFee, l1BlobFee, manaTarget, epochDuration, provingCostPerManaEth, excessMana, ethPerFeeAsset } = params;
+
+  if (manaTarget === 0n) {
+    return 0n;
+  }
+
+  // Sequencer cost per mana (in ETH)
+  const ethUsed = L1_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT_PROPOSED * l1BaseFee + BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT * BLOB_GAS_PER_BLOB * l1BlobFee;
+  const sequencerCostEth = ceilDiv(ethUsed, manaTarget);
+
+  // Prover cost per mana (in ETH): L1 verification gas + governance-set proving cost
+  const proverCostEth =
+    ceilDiv(ceilDiv(L1_GAS_PER_EPOCH_VERIFIED * l1BaseFee, epochDuration), manaTarget) + provingCostPerManaEth;
+
+  // Total base cost in ETH (congestion is computed on this)
+  const totalEth = sequencerCostEth + proverCostEth;
+
+  // Congestion multiplier and cost (in ETH)
+  const congestionMul = computeCongestionMultiplier(excessMana, manaTarget);
+  const congestionCostEth = (totalEth * congestionMul) / MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER - totalEth;
+
+  // Convert all components to fee asset
+  const clampedEthPerFeeAsset = ethPerFeeAsset < MIN_ETH_PER_FEE_ASSET ? MIN_ETH_PER_FEE_ASSET : ethPerFeeAsset;
+  const sequencerCost = toFeeAsset(sequencerCostEth, clampedEthPerFeeAsset);
+  const proverCost = toFeeAsset(proverCostEth, clampedEthPerFeeAsset);
+  const congestionCost = toFeeAsset(congestionCostEth, clampedEthPerFeeAsset);
+
+  const total = sequencerCost + proverCost + congestionCost;
+
+  // Cap at uint128 max (matching FeeLib.summedMinFee)
+  const UINT128_MAX = (1n << 128n) - 1n;
+  return total < UINT128_MAX ? total : UINT128_MAX;
+}

package/src/gas/gas_fees.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,17 @@ import { z } from 'zod';
 import type { UInt128 } from '../types/shared.js';
 import type { GasDimensions } from './gas.js';
 
+/**
+ * Multiplies a bigint by a non-integer scalar and returns the ceiling of the result.
+ * Avoids converting the bigint to Number (which loses precision above 2^53) by instead
+ * scaling the scalar into a bigint rational and performing ceiling division.
+ */
+function bigintMulCeil(value: bigint, scalar: number): bigint {
+  const SCALE = 1_000_000_000_000n; // 1e12
+  const scaledScalar = BigInt(Math.round(scalar * 1e12));
+  return (value * scaledScalar + SCALE - 1n) / SCALE;
+}
+
 /** Gas prices for each dimension. */
 export class GasFees {
   public readonly feePerDaGas: UInt128;
@@ -56,8 +67,11 @@ export class GasFees {
       return this.clone();
     } else if (typeof scalar === 'bigint') {
       return new GasFees(this.feePerDaGas * scalar, this.feePerL2Gas * scalar);
+    } else if (Number.isInteger(scalar)) {
+      const s = BigInt(scalar);
+      return new GasFees(this.feePerDaGas * s, this.feePerL2Gas * s);
     } else {
-      return new GasFees(Number(this.feePerDaGas) * scalar, Number(this.feePerL2Gas) * scalar);
+      return new GasFees(bigintMulCeil(this.feePerDaGas, scalar), bigintMulCeil(this.feePerL2Gas, scalar));
     }
   }
 

package/src/gas/gas_settings.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
-import {
-  DEFAULT_DA_GAS_LIMIT,
-  DEFAULT_L2_GAS_LIMIT,
-  DEFAULT_TEARDOWN_DA_GAS_LIMIT,
-  DEFAULT_TEARDOWN_L2_GAS_LIMIT,
-  GAS_SETTINGS_LENGTH,
-} from '@aztec/constants';
+import { GAS_SETTINGS_LENGTH, MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT, MAX_PROCESSABLE_L2_GAS } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer, serializeToFields } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
@@ -14,6 +8,21 @@ import { z } from 'zod';
 import { Gas, GasDimensions } from './gas.js';
 import { GasFees } from './gas_fees.js';
 
+/** Approximate max DA gas limit. Arbitrary, assuming 4 blocks per checkpoint — users should use gas estimation. */
+export const APPROXIMATE_MAX_DA_GAS_PER_BLOCK = Math.floor(MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT / 4);
+/** Fallback teardown L2 gas limit. Arbitrary — users should use gas estimation. */
+export const FALLBACK_TEARDOWN_L2_GAS_LIMIT = Math.floor(MAX_PROCESSABLE_L2_GAS / 8);
+/** Fallback teardown DA gas limit. Arbitrary — users should use gas estimation. */
+export const FALLBACK_TEARDOWN_DA_GAS_LIMIT = Math.floor(APPROXIMATE_MAX_DA_GAS_PER_BLOCK / 2);
+
+// For gas estimation, we use intentionally high limits above what the network can process,
+// so the simulation runs without hitting gas caps. Since teardown gas is counted towards total,
+// the total estimation limit is teardown + max processable.
+export const GAS_ESTIMATION_TEARDOWN_L2_GAS_LIMIT = MAX_PROCESSABLE_L2_GAS;
+export const GAS_ESTIMATION_L2_GAS_LIMIT = GAS_ESTIMATION_TEARDOWN_L2_GAS_LIMIT + MAX_PROCESSABLE_L2_GAS;
+export const GAS_ESTIMATION_TEARDOWN_DA_GAS_LIMIT = MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT;
+export const GAS_ESTIMATION_DA_GAS_LIMIT = GAS_ESTIMATION_TEARDOWN_DA_GAS_LIMIT + MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT;
+
 // docs:start:gas_settings_vars
 /** Gas usage and fees limits set by the transaction sender for different dimensions and phases. */
 export class GasSettings {
@@ -95,18 +104,62 @@ export class GasSettings {
     return new GasSettings(Gas.empty(), Gas.empty(), GasFees.empty(), GasFees.empty());
   }
 
-  /** Default gas settings to use when user has not provided them. Requires explicit max fees per gas. */
-  static default(overrides: {
+  /**
+   * Fills in gas limits high enough for transactions to be included in most cases.
+   * gasLimits is set to the maximum the protocol allows; since teardown gas is reserved
+   * from gasLimits during private execution (see gas_meter.nr), the effective gas available
+   * for app logic will be gasLimits - teardownGasLimits - privateOverhead.
+   * The DA gas limit is set to an approximate max per block assuming 4 blocks per checkpoint,
+   * since using the maximum per checkpoint would cause nodes to reject transactions.
+   * These values won't work if:
+   *  - Teardown consumes more than the arbitrarily assigned fallback limits
+   *  - The rest of the transaction consumes more than the remaining gas after teardown
+   *  - The DA gas limit is too low for the transaction, while still within the checkpoint limit
+   */
+  static fallback(overrides: {
+    gasLimits?: Gas;
+    teardownGasLimits?: Gas;
+    maxFeesPerGas: GasFees;
+    maxPriorityFeesPerGas?: GasFees;
+  }) {
+    return GasSettings.from({
+      gasLimits: overrides.gasLimits ?? {
+        l2Gas: MAX_PROCESSABLE_L2_GAS,
+        daGas: APPROXIMATE_MAX_DA_GAS_PER_BLOCK,
+      },
+      teardownGasLimits: overrides.teardownGasLimits ?? {
+        l2Gas: FALLBACK_TEARDOWN_L2_GAS_LIMIT,
+        daGas: FALLBACK_TEARDOWN_DA_GAS_LIMIT,
+      },
+      maxFeesPerGas: overrides.maxFeesPerGas,
+      maxPriorityFeesPerGas: overrides.maxPriorityFeesPerGas ?? GasFees.empty(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gas settings for simulation/estimation only.
+   * Since teardown gas is reserved upfront from gasLimits during private execution (see gas_meter.nr),
+   * the effective gas available for app logic is gasLimits - teardownGasLimits - privateOverhead.
+   * To ensure estimation never hits gas caps, we set both limits above what the protocol allows:
+   * teardown gets MAX_PROCESSABLE and gasLimits gets teardown + MAX_PROCESSABLE, so the full
+   * processable amount remains available for each phase independently. To be used in conjunction
+   * with skipTxValidation: true during public simulation, or the node would reject the transaction
+   * outright due to gas limits being above protocol max.
+   */
+  static forEstimation(overrides: {
     gasLimits?: Gas;
     teardownGasLimits?: Gas;
     maxFeesPerGas: GasFees;
     maxPriorityFeesPerGas?: GasFees;
   }) {
     return GasSettings.from({
-      gasLimits: overrides.gasLimits ?? { l2Gas: DEFAULT_L2_GAS_LIMIT, daGas: DEFAULT_DA_GAS_LIMIT },
+      gasLimits: overrides.gasLimits ?? {
+        l2Gas: GAS_ESTIMATION_L2_GAS_LIMIT,
+        daGas: GAS_ESTIMATION_DA_GAS_LIMIT,
+      },
       teardownGasLimits: overrides.teardownGasLimits ?? {
-        l2Gas: DEFAULT_TEARDOWN_L2_GAS_LIMIT,
-        daGas: DEFAULT_TEARDOWN_DA_GAS_LIMIT,
+        l2Gas: GAS_ESTIMATION_TEARDOWN_L2_GAS_LIMIT,
+        daGas: GAS_ESTIMATION_TEARDOWN_DA_GAS_LIMIT,
       },
       maxFeesPerGas: overrides.maxFeesPerGas,
       maxPriorityFeesPerGas: overrides.maxPriorityFeesPerGas ?? GasFees.empty(),

package/src/gas/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+export * from './fee_math.js';
 export * from './gas.js';
 export * from './gas_fees.js';
 export * from './gas_settings.js';

package/src/ha-signing/config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import type { L1ContractAddresses } from '@aztec/ethereum/l1-contract-addresses';
+import {
+  type ConfigMappingsType,
+  booleanConfigHelper,
+  getConfigFromMappings,
+  getDefaultConfig,
+  numberConfigHelper,
+  optionalNumberConfigHelper,
+} from '@aztec/foundation/config';
+import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
+import type { ZodFor } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
+
+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+/**
+ * Base signing protection configuration shared by both HA (Postgres) and local (LMDB) signers.
+ */
+export interface BaseSignerConfig {
+  /** L1 contract addresses (rollup address required) */
+  l1Contracts: Pick<L1ContractAddresses, 'rollupAddress'>;
+  /** Unique identifier for this node */
+  nodeId: string;
+  /** How long to wait between polls when a duty is being signed (ms) */
+  pollingIntervalMs: number;
+  /** Maximum time to wait for a duty being signed to complete (ms) */
+  signingTimeoutMs: number;
+  /** Maximum age of a stuck duty in ms (defaults to 2x hardcoded Aztec slot duration if not set) */
+  maxStuckDutiesAgeMs?: number;
+  /** Optional: clean up old duties after this many hours (disabled if not set) */
+  cleanupOldDutiesAfterHours?: number;
+}
+
+export const baseSignerConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<BaseSignerConfig> = {
+  l1Contracts: {
+    description: 'L1 contract addresses (rollup address required)',
+    nested: {
+      rollupAddress: {
+        description: 'The Ethereum address of the rollup contract (must be set programmatically)',
+        parseEnv: (val: string) => EthAddress.fromString(val),
+      },
+    },
+  },
+  nodeId: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_HA_NODE_ID',
+    description: 'The unique identifier for this node',
+    defaultValue: '',
+  },
+  pollingIntervalMs: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_HA_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS',
+    description: 'The number of ms to wait between polls when a duty is being signed',
+    ...numberConfigHelper(100),
+  },
+  signingTimeoutMs: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_HA_SIGNING_TIMEOUT_MS',
+    description: 'The maximum time to wait for a duty being signed to complete',
+    ...numberConfigHelper(3_000),
+  },
+  maxStuckDutiesAgeMs: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_HA_MAX_STUCK_DUTIES_AGE_MS',
+    description: 'The maximum age of a stuck duty in ms (defaults to 2x Aztec slot duration)',
+    ...optionalNumberConfigHelper(),
+  },
+  cleanupOldDutiesAfterHours: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_HA_OLD_DUTIES_MAX_AGE_H',
+    description: 'Optional: clean up old duties after this many hours (disabled if not set)',
+    ...optionalNumberConfigHelper(),
+  },
+};
+
+export const BaseSignerConfigSchema = z.object({
+  l1Contracts: z.object({ rollupAddress: z.instanceof(EthAddress) }),
+  nodeId: z.string(),
+  pollingIntervalMs: z.number().min(0),
+  signingTimeoutMs: z.number().min(0),
+  maxStuckDutiesAgeMs: z.number().min(0).optional(),
+  cleanupOldDutiesAfterHours: z.number().min(0).optional(),
+}) satisfies ZodFor<BaseSignerConfig>;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the Validator HA Signer.
+ *
+ * Extends BaseSignerConfig with a flag to enable HA mode and Postgres connection settings.
+ */
+export interface ValidatorHASignerConfig extends BaseSignerConfig {
+  /** Whether HA signing / slashing protection is enabled */
+  haSigningEnabled: boolean;
+  /**
+   * PostgreSQL connection string
+   * Format: postgresql://user:password@host:port/database
+   */
+  databaseUrl?: string;
+  /** Maximum number of clients in the pool (default: 10) */
+  poolMaxCount?: number;
+  /** Minimum number of clients in the pool (default: 0) */
+  poolMinCount?: number;
+  /** Idle timeout in milliseconds (default: 10000) */
+  poolIdleTimeoutMs?: number;
+  /** Connection timeout in milliseconds (default: 0, no timeout) */
+  poolConnectionTimeoutMs?: number;
+}
+
+export const validatorHASignerConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<ValidatorHASignerConfig> = {
+  ...baseSignerConfigMappings,
+  haSigningEnabled: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_HA_SIGNING_ENABLED',
+    description: 'Whether HA signing / slashing protection is enabled',
+    ...booleanConfigHelper(false),
+  },
+  databaseUrl: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_HA_DATABASE_URL',
+    description:
+      'PostgreSQL connection string for validator HA signer (format: postgresql://user:password@host:port/database)',
+  },
+  poolMaxCount: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_HA_POOL_MAX',
+    description: 'Maximum number of clients in the pool',
+    ...numberConfigHelper(10),
+  },
+  poolMinCount: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_HA_POOL_MIN',
+    description: 'Minimum number of clients in the pool',
+    ...numberConfigHelper(0),
+  },
+  poolIdleTimeoutMs: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_HA_POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS',
+    description: 'Idle timeout in milliseconds',
+    ...numberConfigHelper(10_000),
+  },
+  poolConnectionTimeoutMs: {
+    env: 'VALIDATOR_HA_POOL_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MS',
+    description: 'Connection timeout in milliseconds (0 means no timeout)',
+    ...numberConfigHelper(0),
+  },
+};
+
+export const defaultValidatorHASignerConfig: ValidatorHASignerConfig = getDefaultConfig(
+  validatorHASignerConfigMappings,
+);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the validator HA signer configuration from environment variables.
+ * Note: If an environment variable is not set, the default value is used.
+ * @returns The validator HA signer configuration.
+ */
+export function getConfigEnvVars(): ValidatorHASignerConfig {
+  return getConfigFromMappings<ValidatorHASignerConfig>(validatorHASignerConfigMappings);
+}
+
+export const ValidatorHASignerConfigSchema = BaseSignerConfigSchema.extend({
+  haSigningEnabled: z.boolean(),
+  databaseUrl: z.string().optional(),
+  poolMaxCount: z.number().min(0).optional(),
+  poolMinCount: z.number().min(0).optional(),
+  poolIdleTimeoutMs: z.number().min(0).optional(),
+  poolConnectionTimeoutMs: z.number().min(0).optional(),
+}) satisfies ZodFor<ValidatorHASignerConfig>;

package/src/ha-signing/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+export {
+  type BaseSignerConfig,
+  BaseSignerConfigSchema,
+  baseSignerConfigMappings,
+  type ValidatorHASignerConfig,
+  ValidatorHASignerConfigSchema,
+  defaultValidatorHASignerConfig,
+  getConfigEnvVars,
+  validatorHASignerConfigMappings,
+} from './config.js';
+export {
+  type LocalSignerConfig,
+  LocalSignerConfigSchema,
+  getLocalSignerConfigEnvVars,
+  localSignerConfigMappings,
+} from './local_config.js';
+export {
+  DutyType,
+  type AttestationSigningContext,
+  type BlockProposalSigningContext,
+  type CheckpointProposalSigningContext,
+  type HAProtectedSigningContext,
+  type NoHAProtectionSigningContext,
+  type SigningContext,
+  type VoteSigningContext,
+  getBlockNumberFromSigningContext,
+  getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContext,
+  isHAProtectedContext,
+} from './types.js';

package/src/ha-signing/local_config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { type ConfigMappingsType, getConfigFromMappings } from '@aztec/foundation/config';
+import { zodFor } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
+import { type DataStoreConfig, dataConfigMappings } from '@aztec/stdlib/kv-store';
+
+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+import { type BaseSignerConfig, BaseSignerConfigSchema, baseSignerConfigMappings } from './config.js';
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for local (single-node) slashing protection.
+ *
+ * Combines the base signing protection fields (shared with HA mode) with
+ * DataStoreConfig for the local LMDB backing store, plus a per-store map-size
+ * override. Used when HA signing is disabled.
+ */
+export type LocalSignerConfig = BaseSignerConfig &
+  DataStoreConfig & {
+    /** Maximum size of the local signing-protection LMDB store in KB. Overwrites the general dataStoreMapSizeKb. */
+    signingProtectionMapSizeKb?: number;
+  };
+
+export const localSignerConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<LocalSignerConfig> = {
+  ...baseSignerConfigMappings,
+  ...dataConfigMappings,
+  signingProtectionMapSizeKb: {
+    env: 'SIGNING_PROTECTION_MAP_SIZE_KB',
+    description:
+      'Maximum size of the local signing-protection LMDB store in KB. Overwrites the general dataStoreMapSizeKb.',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => +val,
+  },
+};
+
+export const LocalSignerConfigSchema = zodFor<LocalSignerConfig>()(
+  BaseSignerConfigSchema.extend({
+    dataDirectory: z.string().optional(),
+    dataStoreMapSizeKb: z.number(),
+    signingProtectionMapSizeKb: z.number().optional(),
+  }),
+);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the local signer configuration from environment variables.
+ */
+export function getLocalSignerConfigEnvVars(): LocalSignerConfig {
+  return getConfigFromMappings<LocalSignerConfig>(localSignerConfigMappings);
+}

package/src/ha-signing/types.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+import {
+  BlockNumber,
+  CheckpointNumber,
+  type IndexWithinCheckpoint,
+  type SlotNumber,
+} from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+
+/**
+ * Type of validator duty being performed
+ */
+export enum DutyType {
+  BLOCK_PROPOSAL = 'BLOCK_PROPOSAL',
+  CHECKPOINT_PROPOSAL = 'CHECKPOINT_PROPOSAL',
+  ATTESTATION = 'ATTESTATION',
+  ATTESTATIONS_AND_SIGNERS = 'ATTESTATIONS_AND_SIGNERS',
+  GOVERNANCE_VOTE = 'GOVERNANCE_VOTE',
+  SLASHING_VOTE = 'SLASHING_VOTE',
+  AUTH_REQUEST = 'AUTH_REQUEST',
+  TXS = 'TXS',
+}
+
+/**
+ * Signing context for block proposals.
+ * Includes both the block number and the checkpoint number the block belongs to.
+ */
+export interface BlockProposalSigningContext {
+  slot: SlotNumber;
+  blockNumber: BlockNumber;
+  checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber;
+  /** Block index within checkpoint (0, 1, 2...). Required for block proposals. */
+  blockIndexWithinCheckpoint: IndexWithinCheckpoint;
+  dutyType: DutyType.BLOCK_PROPOSAL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Signing context for checkpoint proposals.
+ * Includes the checkpoint number being proposed, but not a block number.
+ */
+export interface CheckpointProposalSigningContext {
+  slot: SlotNumber;
+  checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber;
+  dutyType: DutyType.CHECKPOINT_PROPOSAL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Signing context for attestation duties (checkpoint attestations).
+ * Includes the checkpoint number when available (from proposal validation).
+ */
+export interface AttestationSigningContext {
+  slot: SlotNumber;
+  checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber;
+  dutyType: DutyType.ATTESTATION | DutyType.ATTESTATIONS_AND_SIGNERS;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Signing context for governance/slashing votes which only need slot for HA protection.
+ */
+export interface VoteSigningContext {
+  slot: SlotNumber;
+  dutyType: DutyType.GOVERNANCE_VOTE | DutyType.SLASHING_VOTE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Signing context for duties which don't require slot/blockNumber
+ * as they don't need HA protection (AUTH_REQUEST, TXS).
+ */
+export interface NoHAProtectionSigningContext {
+  dutyType: DutyType.AUTH_REQUEST | DutyType.TXS;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Signing contexts that require HA protection (excludes AUTH_REQUEST and TXS).
+ * Used by the HA signer's signWithProtection method.
+ */
+export type HAProtectedSigningContext =
+  | BlockProposalSigningContext
+  | CheckpointProposalSigningContext
+  | AttestationSigningContext
+  | VoteSigningContext;
+
+/**
+ * Context required for slashing protection during signing operations.
+ * Uses discriminated union to enforce type safety:
+ * - BLOCK_PROPOSAL duties have blockNumber, checkpointNumber, and blockIndexWithinCheckpoint
+ * - CHECKPOINT_PROPOSAL duties have checkpointNumber
+ * - ATTESTATION/ATTESTATIONS_AND_SIGNERS duties have only slot
+ * - Vote duties have only slot
+ * - AUTH_REQUEST and TXS duties don't need HA protection
+ */
+export type SigningContext = HAProtectedSigningContext | NoHAProtectionSigningContext;
+
+/**
+ * Type guard to check if a SigningContext requires HA protection.
+ * Returns true for contexts that need HA protection, false for AUTH_REQUEST and TXS.
+ */
+export function isHAProtectedContext(context: SigningContext): context is HAProtectedSigningContext {
+  return context.dutyType !== DutyType.AUTH_REQUEST && context.dutyType !== DutyType.TXS;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the block number from a signing context.
+ * Only BLOCK_PROPOSAL duties carry a block number; all others return BlockNumber(0).
+ */
+export function getBlockNumberFromSigningContext(context: HAProtectedSigningContext): BlockNumber {
+  if (context.dutyType === DutyType.BLOCK_PROPOSAL) {
+    return context.blockNumber;
+  }
+  return BlockNumber(0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the checkpoint number from a signing context.
+ * BLOCK_PROPOSAL, CHECKPOINT_PROPOSAL, ATTESTATION, and ATTESTATIONS_AND_SIGNERS duties carry a checkpoint number;
+ * vote duties return CheckpointNumber(0).
+ */
+export function getCheckpointNumberFromSigningContext(context: HAProtectedSigningContext): CheckpointNumber {
+  if (
+    context.dutyType === DutyType.BLOCK_PROPOSAL ||
+    context.dutyType === DutyType.CHECKPOINT_PROPOSAL ||
+    context.dutyType === DutyType.ATTESTATION ||
+    context.dutyType === DutyType.ATTESTATIONS_AND_SIGNERS
+  ) {
+    return context.checkpointNumber;
+  }
+  return CheckpointNumber(0);
+}