@aztec/stdlib 0.0.1-commit.c0b82b2 → 0.0.1-commit.c2eed6949

package/src/checkpoint/validate.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+import { BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT, FIELDS_PER_BLOB, MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT } from '@aztec/constants';
+import type { CheckpointNumber, SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { sum } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
+
+import { MAX_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT } from '../deserialization/index.js';
+import type { Checkpoint } from './checkpoint.js';
+
+export class CheckpointValidationError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    message: string,
+    public readonly checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber,
+    public readonly slot: SlotNumber,
+  ) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = 'CheckpointValidationError';
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates a checkpoint. Throws a CheckpointValidationError if any validation fails.
+ * - Validates structural integrity (non-empty, block count, sequential numbers, archive chaining, slot consistency)
+ * - Validates checkpoint blob field count against maxBlobFields limit
+ * - Validates total L2 gas used by checkpoint blocks against the Rollup contract mana limit
+ * - Validates total DA gas used by checkpoint blocks against MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT
+ * - Validates individual block L2 gas and DA gas against maxL2BlockGas and maxDABlockGas limits
+ */
+export function validateCheckpoint(
+  checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+  opts: {
+    rollupManaLimit?: number;
+    maxL2BlockGas?: number;
+    maxDABlockGas?: number;
+    maxTxsPerCheckpoint?: number;
+    maxTxsPerBlock?: number;
+  },
+): void {
+  validateCheckpointStructure(checkpoint);
+  validateCheckpointLimits(checkpoint, opts);
+  validateCheckpointBlocksLimits(checkpoint, opts);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates structural integrity of a checkpoint.
+ * - Non-empty block list
+ * - Block count within MAX_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT
+ * - Checkpoint slot matches the first block's slot
+ * - Checkpoint lastArchiveRoot matches the first block's lastArchive root
+ * - Sequential block numbers without gaps
+ * - Sequential indexWithinCheckpoint starting at 0
+ * - Archive root chaining between consecutive blocks
+ * - Consistent slot number across all blocks
+ * - Global variables (slot, timestamp, coinbase, feeRecipient, gasFees) match checkpoint header for each block
+ */
+export function validateCheckpointStructure(checkpoint: Checkpoint): void {
+  const { blocks, number, slot } = checkpoint;
+
+  if (blocks.length === 0) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError('Checkpoint has no blocks', number, slot);
+  }
+
+  if (blocks.length > MAX_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint has ${blocks.length} blocks, exceeding limit of ${MAX_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT}`,
+      number,
+      slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const firstBlock = blocks[0];
+
+  if (!checkpoint.header.lastArchiveRoot.equals(firstBlock.header.lastArchive.root)) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint lastArchiveRoot does not match first block's lastArchive root`,
+      number,
+      slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < blocks.length; i++) {
+    const block = blocks[i];
+
+    if (block.indexWithinCheckpoint !== i) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Block at index ${i} has indexWithinCheckpoint ${block.indexWithinCheckpoint}, expected ${i}`,
+        number,
+        slot,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (block.slot !== slot) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Block ${block.number} has slot ${block.slot}, expected ${slot} (all blocks must share the same slot)`,
+        number,
+        slot,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (!checkpoint.header.matchesGlobalVariables(block.header.globalVariables)) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Block ${block.number} global variables (slot, timestamp, coinbase, feeRecipient, gasFees) do not match checkpoint header`,
+        number,
+        slot,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (i > 0) {
+      const prev = blocks[i - 1];
+      if (block.number !== prev.number + 1) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block numbers are not sequential: block at index ${i - 1} has number ${prev.number}, block at index ${i} has number ${block.number}`,
+          number,
+          slot,
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (!block.header.lastArchive.root.equals(prev.archive.root)) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} lastArchive root does not match archive root of block ${prev.number}`,
+          number,
+          slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Validates checkpoint blocks gas limits */
+function validateCheckpointBlocksLimits(
+  checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+  opts: {
+    maxL2BlockGas?: number;
+    maxDABlockGas?: number;
+    maxTxsPerBlock?: number;
+  },
+): void {
+  const { maxL2BlockGas, maxDABlockGas, maxTxsPerBlock } = opts;
+
+  if (maxL2BlockGas !== undefined) {
+    for (const block of checkpoint.blocks) {
+      const blockL2Gas = block.header.totalManaUsed.toNumber();
+      if (blockL2Gas > maxL2BlockGas) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} in checkpoint has L2 gas used ${blockL2Gas} exceeding limit of ${maxL2BlockGas}`,
+          checkpoint.number,
+          checkpoint.slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (maxDABlockGas !== undefined) {
+    for (const block of checkpoint.blocks) {
+      const blockDAGas = block.computeDAGasUsed();
+      if (blockDAGas > maxDABlockGas) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} in checkpoint has DA gas used ${blockDAGas} exceeding limit of ${maxDABlockGas}`,
+          checkpoint.number,
+          checkpoint.slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (maxTxsPerBlock !== undefined) {
+    for (const block of checkpoint.blocks) {
+      const blockTxCount = block.body.txEffects.length;
+      if (blockTxCount > maxTxsPerBlock) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} in checkpoint has ${blockTxCount} txs exceeding limit of ${maxTxsPerBlock}`,
+          checkpoint.number,
+          checkpoint.slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Validates checkpoint max blob fields, gas limits, and tx limits */
+function validateCheckpointLimits(
+  checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+  opts: {
+    rollupManaLimit?: number;
+    maxTxsPerCheckpoint?: number;
+  },
+): void {
+  const { rollupManaLimit, maxTxsPerCheckpoint } = opts;
+
+  const maxBlobFields = BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT * FIELDS_PER_BLOB;
+  const maxDAGas = MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT;
+
+  if (rollupManaLimit !== undefined) {
+    const checkpointMana = sum(checkpoint.blocks.map(block => block.header.totalManaUsed.toNumber()));
+    if (checkpointMana > rollupManaLimit) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Checkpoint mana cost ${checkpointMana} exceeds rollup limit of ${rollupManaLimit}`,
+        checkpoint.number,
+        checkpoint.slot,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  const checkpointDAGas = sum(checkpoint.blocks.map(block => block.computeDAGasUsed()));
+  if (checkpointDAGas > maxDAGas) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint DA gas cost ${checkpointDAGas} exceeds limit of ${maxDAGas}`,
+      checkpoint.number,
+      checkpoint.slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const checkpointBlobFields = checkpoint.toBlobFields().length;
+  if (checkpointBlobFields > maxBlobFields) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint blob field count ${checkpointBlobFields} exceeds limit of ${maxBlobFields}`,
+      checkpoint.number,
+      checkpoint.slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (maxTxsPerCheckpoint !== undefined) {
+    const checkpointTxCount = sum(checkpoint.blocks.map(block => block.body.txEffects.length));
+    if (checkpointTxCount > maxTxsPerCheckpoint) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Checkpoint tx count ${checkpointTxCount} exceeds limit of ${maxTxsPerCheckpoint}`,
+        checkpoint.number,
+        checkpoint.slot,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}

package/src/config/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 export * from './chain-config.js';
 export * from './node-rpc-config.js';
+export * from './pipelining-config.js';
 export * from './sequencer-config.js';

package/src/config/pipelining-config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { type ConfigMappingsType, booleanConfigHelper, getConfigFromMappings } from '@aztec/foundation/config';
+
+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+import { zodFor } from '../schemas/index.js';
+
+export type PipelineConfig = {
+  /** Whether to enable build-ahead proposer pipelining. */
+  enableProposerPipelining: boolean;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Pipelining config mappings for fields that need to be shared across packages.
+ */
+export const pipelineConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<PipelineConfig> = {
+  enableProposerPipelining: {
+    env: 'SEQ_ENABLE_PROPOSER_PIPELINING',
+    description: 'Whether to enable build-ahead proposer pipelining.',
+    ...booleanConfigHelper(false),
+  },
+};
+
+export const PipelineConfigSchema = zodFor<PipelineConfig>()(
+  z.object({
+    enableProposerPipelining: z.boolean(),
+  }),
+);
+
+export function getPipelineConfigEnvVars(): PipelineConfig {
+  return getConfigFromMappings(pipelineConfigMappings);
+}

package/src/config/sequencer-config.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ import type { ConfigMappingsType } from '@aztec/foundation/config';
 
 import type { SequencerConfig } from '../interfaces/configs.js';
 
+/** Default maximum number of transactions per block. */
+export const DEFAULT_MAX_TXS_PER_BLOCK = 32;
+
 /**
  * Partial sequencer config mappings for fields that need to be shared across packages.
  * The full sequencer config mappings remain in sequencer-client, but shared fields
@@ -9,7 +12,7 @@ import type { SequencerConfig } from '../interfaces/configs.js';
  * to avoid duplication.
  */
 export const sharedSequencerConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<
-  Pick<SequencerConfig, 'blockDurationMs' | 'expectedBlockProposalsPerSlot'>
+  Pick<SequencerConfig, 'blockDurationMs' | 'expectedBlockProposalsPerSlot' | 'maxTxsPerBlock'>
 > = {
   blockDurationMs: {
     env: 'SEQ_BLOCK_DURATION_MS',
@@ -26,4 +29,9 @@ export const sharedSequencerConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<
     parseEnv: (val: string) => (val ? parseInt(val, 10) : 0),
     defaultValue: 0,
   },
+  maxTxsPerBlock: {
+    env: 'SEQ_MAX_TX_PER_BLOCK',
+    description: 'The maximum number of txs to include in a block.',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => (val ? parseInt(val, 10) : undefined),
+  },
 };

package/src/contract/contract_address.ts

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ import type { ContractInstance } from './interfaces/contract_instance.js';
 /**
  * Returns the deployment address for a given contract instance.
  * ```
- * salted_initialization_hash = pedersen([salt, initialization_hash, deployer], GENERATOR__SALTED_INITIALIZATION_HASH)
- * partial_address = pedersen([contract_class_id, salted_initialization_hash], GENERATOR__CONTRACT_PARTIAL_ADDRESS_V1)
- * address = ((poseidon2Hash([public_keys_hash, partial_address, GENERATOR__CONTRACT_ADDRESS_V1]) * G) + ivpk_m).x <- the x-coordinate of the address point
+ * salted_initialization_hash = poseidon2(DOM_SEP__PARTIAL_ADDRESS, [salt, initialization_hash, deployer])
+ * partial_address = poseidon2(DOM_SEP__PARTIAL_ADDRESS, [contract_class_id, salted_initialization_hash])
+ * address = ((poseidon2(DOM_SEP__CONTRACT_ADDRESS_V1, [public_keys_hash, partial_address]) * G) + ivpk_m).x <- the x-coordinate of the address point
  * ```
  * @param instance - A contract instance for which to calculate the deployment address.
  */

package/src/contract/contract_class_id.ts

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ import { computePrivateFunctionsRoot } from './private_function.js';
  *
  * ```
  * version = 1
- * private_function_leaves = private_functions.map(fn => pedersen([fn.function_selector as Field, fn.vk_hash], GENERATOR__PRIVATE_FUNCTION_LEAF))
+ * private_function_leaves = private_functions.map(fn => poseidon2(DOM_SEP__PRIVATE_FUNCTION_LEAF, [fn.function_selector as Field, fn.vk_hash]))
  * private_functions_root = merkleize(private_function_leaves)
  * bytecode_commitment = calculate_commitment(packed_bytecode)
- * contract_class_id = pedersen([version, artifact_hash, private_functions_root, bytecode_commitment], GENERATOR__CLASS_IDENTIFIER)
+ * contract_class_id = poseidon2(DOM_SEP__CONTRACT_CLASS_ID, [version, artifact_hash, private_functions_root, bytecode_commitment])
  * ```
  * @param contractClass - Contract class.
  * @returns The identifier.

package/src/contract/index.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ export * from './contract_deployment_data.js';
 export * from './contract_instance.js';
 export * from './contract_instance_update.js';
 export * from './private_function.js';
-export * from './private_function_membership_proof.js';
-export * from './utility_function_membership_proof.js';
 export * from './interfaces/index.js';
 export * from './contract_function_dao.js';
 export * from './partial_address.js';

package/src/contract/interfaces/contract_class.ts

@@ -42,79 +42,6 @@ const PrivateFunctionSchema = zodFor<PrivateFunction>()(
   }),
 );
 
-/** Private function definition with executable bytecode. */
-export interface ExecutablePrivateFunction extends PrivateFunction {
-  /** ACIR and Brillig bytecode */
-  bytecode: Buffer;
-}
-
-const ExecutablePrivateFunctionSchema = zodFor<ExecutablePrivateFunction>()(
-  PrivateFunctionSchema.and(z.object({ bytecode: schemas.Buffer })),
-);
-
-/** Utility function definition. */
-export interface UtilityFunction {
-  /** Selector of the function. Calculated as the hash of the method name and parameters. The specification of this is not enforced by the protocol. */
-  selector: FunctionSelector;
-  /** Brillig. */
-  bytecode: Buffer;
-}
-
-const UtilityFunctionSchema = zodFor<UtilityFunction>()(
-  z.object({
-    selector: FunctionSelector.schema,
-    bytecode: schemas.Buffer,
-  }),
-);
-
-/** Sibling paths and sibling commitments for proving membership of a private function within a contract class. */
-export type PrivateFunctionMembershipProof = {
-  artifactMetadataHash: Fr;
-  functionMetadataHash: Fr;
-  utilityFunctionsTreeRoot: Fr;
-  privateFunctionTreeSiblingPath: Fr[];
-  privateFunctionTreeLeafIndex: number;
-  artifactTreeSiblingPath: Fr[];
-  artifactTreeLeafIndex: number;
-};
-
-const PrivateFunctionMembershipProofSchema = zodFor<PrivateFunctionMembershipProof>()(
-  z.object({
-    artifactMetadataHash: schemas.Fr,
-    functionMetadataHash: schemas.Fr,
-    utilityFunctionsTreeRoot: schemas.Fr,
-    privateFunctionTreeSiblingPath: z.array(schemas.Fr),
-    privateFunctionTreeLeafIndex: schemas.Integer,
-    artifactTreeSiblingPath: z.array(schemas.Fr),
-    artifactTreeLeafIndex: schemas.Integer,
-  }),
-);
-
-/** A private function with a membership proof. */
-export type ExecutablePrivateFunctionWithMembershipProof = ExecutablePrivateFunction & PrivateFunctionMembershipProof;
-
-/** Sibling paths and commitments for proving membership of a utility  function within a contract class. */
-export type UtilityFunctionMembershipProof = {
-  artifactMetadataHash: Fr;
-  functionMetadataHash: Fr;
-  privateFunctionsArtifactTreeRoot: Fr;
-  artifactTreeSiblingPath: Fr[];
-  artifactTreeLeafIndex: number;
-};
-
-const UtilityFunctionMembershipProofSchema = zodFor<UtilityFunctionMembershipProof>()(
-  z.object({
-    artifactMetadataHash: schemas.Fr,
-    functionMetadataHash: schemas.Fr,
-    privateFunctionsArtifactTreeRoot: schemas.Fr,
-    artifactTreeSiblingPath: z.array(schemas.Fr),
-    artifactTreeLeafIndex: schemas.Integer,
-  }),
-);
-
-/** A utility function with a membership proof. */
-export type UtilityFunctionWithMembershipProof = UtilityFunction & UtilityFunctionMembershipProof;
-
 export const ContractClassSchema = zodFor<ContractClass>()(
   z.object({
     version: z.literal(VERSION),
@@ -143,11 +70,8 @@ export const ContractClassWithIdSchema = zodFor<ContractClassWithId>()(
   }),
 );
 
-/** A contract class with public bytecode information, and optional private and utility functions. */
-export type ContractClassPublic = {
-  privateFunctions: ExecutablePrivateFunctionWithMembershipProof[];
-  utilityFunctions: UtilityFunctionWithMembershipProof[];
-} & Pick<ContractClassCommitments, 'id' | 'privateFunctionsRoot'> &
+/** A contract class with public bytecode information. */
+export type ContractClassPublic = Pick<ContractClassCommitments, 'id' | 'privateFunctionsRoot'> &
   Omit<ContractClass, 'privateFunctions'>;
 
 export type ContractClassPublicWithCommitment = ContractClassPublic &
@@ -158,8 +82,6 @@ export const ContractClassPublicSchema = zodFor<ContractClassPublic>()(
     .object({
       id: schemas.Fr,
       privateFunctionsRoot: schemas.Fr,
-      privateFunctions: z.array(ExecutablePrivateFunctionSchema.and(PrivateFunctionMembershipProofSchema)),
-      utilityFunctions: z.array(UtilityFunctionSchema.and(UtilityFunctionMembershipProofSchema)),
     })
     .and(ContractClassSchema.omit({ privateFunctions: true })),
 );
@@ -179,8 +101,6 @@ export function contractClassPublicFromPlainObject(obj: any): ContractClassPubli
     version: 1,
     artifactHash: Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.artifactHash),
     privateFunctionsRoot: Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.privateFunctionsRoot),
-    privateFunctions: [],
-    utilityFunctions: [],
     packedBytecode: obj.packedBytecode instanceof Buffer ? obj.packedBytecode : Buffer.from(obj.packedBytecode),
   };
 }

package/src/epoch-helpers/index.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ export type L1RollupConstants = {
   ethereumSlotDuration: number;
   proofSubmissionEpochs: number;
   targetCommitteeSize: number;
+  rollupManaLimit: number;
 };
 
 export const EmptyL1RollupConstants: L1RollupConstants = {
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ export const EmptyL1RollupConstants: L1RollupConstants = {
   ethereumSlotDuration: 1,
   proofSubmissionEpochs: 1,
   targetCommitteeSize: 48,
+  rollupManaLimit: Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,
 };
 
 export const L1RollupConstantsSchema = zodFor<L1RollupConstants>()(
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ export const L1RollupConstantsSchema = zodFor<L1RollupConstants>()(
     ethereumSlotDuration: z.number(),
     proofSubmissionEpochs: z.number(),
     targetCommitteeSize: z.number(),
+    rollupManaLimit: z.number(),
   }),
 );
 
@@ -54,6 +57,17 @@ export function getSlotAtTimestamp(
     : SlotNumber.fromBigInt((ts - constants.l1GenesisTime) / BigInt(constants.slotDuration));
 }
 
+/** Returns the timestamp of the next L1 slot boundary after the given wall-clock time. */
+export function getNextL1SlotTimestamp(
+  nowInSeconds: number,
+  constants: Pick<L1RollupConstants, 'l1GenesisTime' | 'ethereumSlotDuration'>,
+): bigint {
+  const now = BigInt(nowInSeconds);
+  const elapsed = now - constants.l1GenesisTime;
+  const currentL1Slot = elapsed / BigInt(constants.ethereumSlotDuration);
+  return constants.l1GenesisTime + (currentL1Slot + 1n) * BigInt(constants.ethereumSlotDuration);
+}
+
 /** Returns the L2 slot number at the next L1 block based on the current timestamp. */
 export function getSlotAtNextL1Block(
   currentL1Timestamp: bigint,

package/src/gas/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Aztec Gas and Fee Model
+
+The minimum fee per mana and its components are computed on L1 in
+`l1-contracts/src/core/libraries/rollup/FeeLib.sol`. This document describes the
+formulas, the oracle lag/lifetime mechanism, and the TypeScript types in this directory.
+
+## Mana
+
+Aztec uses **mana** as its unit of work (analogous to Ethereum gas). Transactions consume
+mana in two dimensions: **DA** (data availability) and **L2** (execution). The total fee
+is `gasUsed * feePerMana` summed across both dimensions.
+
+## Fee Components
+
+The minimum fee per mana has four components:
+
+### Sequencer Cost
+
+L1 cost to propose a checkpoint (calldata gas + blob data), amortized over `manaTarget`:
+
+```
+sequencerCost = ((L1_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT_PROPOSED * baseFee)
+              + (BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT * BLOB_GAS_PER_BLOB * blobFee))
+              / manaTarget
+```
+
+### Prover Cost
+
+L1 cost to verify an epoch proof, amortized over epoch duration and `manaTarget`, plus a
+governance-set proving cost that compensates for off-chain proof generation:
+
+```
+proverCost = (L1_GAS_PER_EPOCH_VERIFIED * baseFee / epochDuration) / manaTarget
+           + provingCostPerMana
+```
+
+### Congestion Cost
+
+An exponential surcharge when the network is congested (inspired by EIP-1559; the
+implementation uses the `fakeExponential` Taylor series approximation from EIP-4844):
+
+```
+baseCost          = sequencerCost + proverCost
+congestionCost    = baseCost * congestionMultiplier / MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER - baseCost
+```
+
+When there is no congestion the multiplier equals `MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER` (1e9)
+and congestion cost is zero.
+
+### Congestion Multiplier
+
+```
+excessMana          = max(0, prevExcessMana + prevManaUsed - manaTarget)
+congestionMultiplier = fakeExponential(MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER, excessMana, denominator)
+```
+
+Each additional `manaTarget` of excess mana increases the multiplier by ~12.5%.
+
+### Total
+
+```
+minFeePerMana = sequencerCost + proverCost + congestionCost
+```
+
+## L1 Gas Oracle: Lag and Lifetime
+
+The oracle feeds Ethereum's `baseFee` and `blobFee` into the fee model using a two-phase
+(`pre` / `post`) system that smooths out L1 fee volatility.
+
+- **LAG = 2 slots** — when new L1 fees are observed, they activate `LAG` slots later
+  (`slotOfChange = currentSlot + LAG`). This gives mempool transactions time to land
+  before fees change.
+- **LIFETIME = 5 slots** — after an oracle update, the next update is rejected until
+  `slotOfChange + (LIFETIME - LAG)` = 3 more slots have passed. This rate-limits how
+  frequently L1 fee data can change.
+
+Fee resolution at a given timestamp:
+
+```
+if slot < slotOfChange  →  use pre  (old fees)
+else                    →  use post (new fees)
+```
+
+**Net effect**: L1 fee changes reach L2 with a 2-slot delay and can update at most once
+every 5 slots.
+
+## Fee Asset Price
+
+Fees are computed in ETH internally but converted to the fee asset (Fee Juice) via
+`ethPerFeeAsset` (1e12 precision). The price updates at most ±1% (±100 bps) per
+checkpoint:
+
+```
+newPrice = currentPrice * (10000 + modifierBps) / 10000
+```
+
+## Maximum Fee Change Rate
+
+| Component              | Bound                                                   |
+| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| L1 base fee / blob fee | At most once every 5 slots (oracle LIFETIME)            |
+| Fee asset price        | ±1% per checkpoint                                      |
+| Congestion multiplier  | Depends on excess mana accumulation/drain per checkpoint |
+| Sequencer/prover costs | Scale linearly with L1 fees                             |
+
+## Key Constants
+
+| Constant                       | Value          |
+| ------------------------------ | -------------- |
+| `L1_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT_PROPOSED` | 300,000      |
+| `L1_GAS_PER_EPOCH_VERIFIED`     | 3,600,000    |
+| `BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT`          | 3            |
+| `BLOB_GAS_PER_BLOB`             | 2^17         |
+| `MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER` | 1e9          |
+| `LAG`                           | 2 slots      |
+| `LIFETIME`                      | 5 slots      |
+
+## TypeScript Types
+
+- **`Gas`** — mana quantity in two dimensions (`daGas`, `l2Gas`).
+- **`GasFees`** — per-unit price in each dimension (`feePerDaGas`, `feePerL2Gas`).
+- **`GasSettings`** — sender-chosen fee parameters: gas limits, teardown limits, max fees, priority fees.
+- **`GasUsed`** — actual consumption after execution. Note: `billedGas` uses the teardown gas *limit*, not actual usage.

package/src/gas/gas_fees.ts

@@ -56,8 +56,14 @@ export class GasFees {
       return this.clone();
     } else if (typeof scalar === 'bigint') {
       return new GasFees(this.feePerDaGas * scalar, this.feePerL2Gas * scalar);
+    } else if (Number.isInteger(scalar)) {
+      const s = BigInt(scalar);
+      return new GasFees(this.feePerDaGas * s, this.feePerL2Gas * s);
     } else {
-      return new GasFees(Number(this.feePerDaGas) * scalar, Number(this.feePerL2Gas) * scalar);
+      return new GasFees(
+        BigInt(Math.ceil(Number(this.feePerDaGas) * scalar)),
+        BigInt(Math.ceil(Number(this.feePerL2Gas) * scalar)),
+      );
     }
   }