@aztec/stdlib 0.0.1-commit.86469d5 → 0.0.1-commit.88c5703d4

package/src/checkpoint/validate.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+import { BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT, FIELDS_PER_BLOB, MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT } from '@aztec/constants';
+import type { CheckpointNumber, SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { sum } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
+
+import { MAX_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT } from '../deserialization/index.js';
+import type { Checkpoint } from './checkpoint.js';
+
+export class CheckpointValidationError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    message: string,
+    public readonly checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber,
+    public readonly slot: SlotNumber,
+  ) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = 'CheckpointValidationError';
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates a checkpoint. Throws a CheckpointValidationError if any validation fails.
+ * - Validates structural integrity (non-empty, block count, sequential numbers, archive chaining, slot consistency)
+ * - Validates checkpoint blob field count against maxBlobFields limit
+ * - Validates total L2 gas used by checkpoint blocks against the Rollup contract mana limit
+ * - Validates total DA gas used by checkpoint blocks against MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT
+ * - Validates individual block L2 gas and DA gas against maxL2BlockGas and maxDABlockGas limits
+ */
+export function validateCheckpoint(
+  checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+  opts: {
+    rollupManaLimit?: number;
+    maxL2BlockGas?: number;
+    maxDABlockGas?: number;
+    maxTxsPerCheckpoint?: number;
+    maxTxsPerBlock?: number;
+  },
+): void {
+  validateCheckpointStructure(checkpoint);
+  validateCheckpointLimits(checkpoint, opts);
+  validateCheckpointBlocksGasLimits(checkpoint, opts);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates structural integrity of a checkpoint.
+ * - Non-empty block list
+ * - Block count within MAX_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT
+ * - Checkpoint slot matches the first block's slot
+ * - Checkpoint lastArchiveRoot matches the first block's lastArchive root
+ * - Sequential block numbers without gaps
+ * - Sequential indexWithinCheckpoint starting at 0
+ * - Archive root chaining between consecutive blocks
+ * - Consistent slot number across all blocks
+ * - Global variables (slot, timestamp, coinbase, feeRecipient, gasFees) match checkpoint header for each block
+ */
+export function validateCheckpointStructure(checkpoint: Checkpoint): void {
+  const { blocks, number, slot } = checkpoint;
+
+  if (blocks.length === 0) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError('Checkpoint has no blocks', number, slot);
+  }
+
+  if (blocks.length > MAX_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint has ${blocks.length} blocks, exceeding limit of ${MAX_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT}`,
+      number,
+      slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const firstBlock = blocks[0];
+
+  if (!checkpoint.header.lastArchiveRoot.equals(firstBlock.header.lastArchive.root)) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint lastArchiveRoot does not match first block's lastArchive root`,
+      number,
+      slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < blocks.length; i++) {
+    const block = blocks[i];
+
+    if (block.indexWithinCheckpoint !== i) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Block at index ${i} has indexWithinCheckpoint ${block.indexWithinCheckpoint}, expected ${i}`,
+        number,
+        slot,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (block.slot !== slot) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Block ${block.number} has slot ${block.slot}, expected ${slot} (all blocks must share the same slot)`,
+        number,
+        slot,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (!checkpoint.header.matchesGlobalVariables(block.header.globalVariables)) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Block ${block.number} global variables (slot, timestamp, coinbase, feeRecipient, gasFees) do not match checkpoint header`,
+        number,
+        slot,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (i > 0) {
+      const prev = blocks[i - 1];
+      if (block.number !== prev.number + 1) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block numbers are not sequential: block at index ${i - 1} has number ${prev.number}, block at index ${i} has number ${block.number}`,
+          number,
+          slot,
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (!block.header.lastArchive.root.equals(prev.archive.root)) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} lastArchive root does not match archive root of block ${prev.number}`,
+          number,
+          slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Validates checkpoint blocks gas limits */
+function validateCheckpointBlocksGasLimits(
+  checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+  opts: {
+    maxL2BlockGas?: number;
+    maxDABlockGas?: number;
+    maxTxsPerBlock?: number;
+  },
+): void {
+  const { maxL2BlockGas, maxDABlockGas, maxTxsPerBlock } = opts;
+
+  if (maxL2BlockGas !== undefined) {
+    for (const block of checkpoint.blocks) {
+      const blockL2Gas = block.header.totalManaUsed.toNumber();
+      if (blockL2Gas > maxL2BlockGas) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} in checkpoint has L2 gas used ${blockL2Gas} exceeding limit of ${maxL2BlockGas}`,
+          checkpoint.number,
+          checkpoint.slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (maxDABlockGas !== undefined) {
+    for (const block of checkpoint.blocks) {
+      const blockDAGas = block.computeDAGasUsed();
+      if (blockDAGas > maxDABlockGas) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} in checkpoint has DA gas used ${blockDAGas} exceeding limit of ${maxDABlockGas}`,
+          checkpoint.number,
+          checkpoint.slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (maxTxsPerBlock !== undefined) {
+    for (const block of checkpoint.blocks) {
+      const blockTxCount = block.body.txEffects.length;
+      if (blockTxCount > maxTxsPerBlock) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} in checkpoint has ${blockTxCount} txs exceeding limit of ${maxTxsPerBlock}`,
+          checkpoint.number,
+          checkpoint.slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Validates checkpoint max blob fields, gas limits, and tx limits */
+function validateCheckpointLimits(
+  checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+  opts: {
+    rollupManaLimit?: number;
+    maxTxsPerCheckpoint?: number;
+  },
+): void {
+  const { rollupManaLimit, maxTxsPerCheckpoint } = opts;
+
+  const maxBlobFields = BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT * FIELDS_PER_BLOB;
+  const maxDAGas = MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT;
+
+  if (rollupManaLimit !== undefined) {
+    const checkpointMana = sum(checkpoint.blocks.map(block => block.header.totalManaUsed.toNumber()));
+    if (checkpointMana > rollupManaLimit) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Checkpoint mana cost ${checkpointMana} exceeds rollup limit of ${rollupManaLimit}`,
+        checkpoint.number,
+        checkpoint.slot,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  const checkpointDAGas = sum(checkpoint.blocks.map(block => block.computeDAGasUsed()));
+  if (checkpointDAGas > maxDAGas) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint DA gas cost ${checkpointDAGas} exceeds limit of ${maxDAGas}`,
+      checkpoint.number,
+      checkpoint.slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const checkpointBlobFields = checkpoint.toBlobFields().length;
+  if (checkpointBlobFields > maxBlobFields) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint blob field count ${checkpointBlobFields} exceeds limit of ${maxBlobFields}`,
+      checkpoint.number,
+      checkpoint.slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (maxTxsPerCheckpoint !== undefined) {
+    const checkpointTxCount = sum(checkpoint.blocks.map(block => block.body.txEffects.length));
+    if (checkpointTxCount > maxTxsPerCheckpoint) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Checkpoint tx count ${checkpointTxCount} exceeds limit of ${maxTxsPerCheckpoint}`,
+        checkpoint.number,
+        checkpoint.slot,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}

package/src/config/index.ts

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 export * from './chain-config.js';
 export * from './node-rpc-config.js';
+export * from './sequencer-config.js';

package/src/config/sequencer-config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import type { ConfigMappingsType } from '@aztec/foundation/config';
+
+import type { SequencerConfig } from '../interfaces/configs.js';
+
+/** Default maximum number of transactions per block. */
+export const DEFAULT_MAX_TXS_PER_BLOCK = 32;
+
+/**
+ * Partial sequencer config mappings for fields that need to be shared across packages.
+ * The full sequencer config mappings remain in sequencer-client, but shared fields
+ * (like blockDurationMs needed by both p2p and sequencer-client) are defined here
+ * to avoid duplication.
+ */
+export const sharedSequencerConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<
+  Pick<SequencerConfig, 'blockDurationMs' | 'expectedBlockProposalsPerSlot' | 'maxTxsPerBlock'>
+> = {
+  blockDurationMs: {
+    env: 'SEQ_BLOCK_DURATION_MS',
+    description:
+      'Duration per block in milliseconds when building multiple blocks per slot. ' +
+      'If undefined (default), builds a single block per slot using the full slot duration.',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => (val ? parseInt(val, 10) : undefined),
+  },
+  expectedBlockProposalsPerSlot: {
+    env: 'SEQ_EXPECTED_BLOCK_PROPOSALS_PER_SLOT',
+    description:
+      'Expected number of block proposals per slot for P2P peer scoring. ' +
+      '0 (default) disables block proposal scoring. Set to a positive value to enable.',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => (val ? parseInt(val, 10) : 0),
+    defaultValue: 0,
+  },
+  maxTxsPerBlock: {
+    env: 'SEQ_MAX_TX_PER_BLOCK',
+    description: 'The maximum number of txs to include in a block.',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => (val ? parseInt(val, 10) : undefined),
+  },
+};

package/src/contract/contract_address.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { GeneratorIndex } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { DomainSeparator } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { poseidon2HashWithSeparator } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/poseidon';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export async function computePartialAddress(
 
   return poseidon2HashWithSeparator(
     [instance.originalContractClassId, saltedInitializationHash],
-    GeneratorIndex.PARTIAL_ADDRESS,
+    DomainSeparator.PARTIAL_ADDRESS,
   );
 }
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ export function computeSaltedInitializationHash(
 ): Promise<Fr> {
   return poseidon2HashWithSeparator(
     [instance.salt, instance.initializationHash, instance.deployer],
-    GeneratorIndex.PARTIAL_ADDRESS,
+    DomainSeparator.PARTIAL_ADDRESS,
   );
 }
 
@@ -87,5 +87,5 @@ export async function computeInitializationHashFromEncodedArgs(
   encodedArgs: Fr[],
 ): Promise<Fr> {
   const argsHash = await computeVarArgsHash(encodedArgs);
-  return poseidon2HashWithSeparator([initFn, argsHash], GeneratorIndex.INITIALIZER);
+  return poseidon2HashWithSeparator([initFn, argsHash], DomainSeparator.INITIALIZER);
 }

package/src/contract/contract_class.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { type ContractClassIdPreimage, computeContractClassIdWithPreimage } from
 import type { ContractClass, ContractClassWithId } from './interfaces/index.js';
 
 /** Contract artifact including its artifact hash */
-type ContractArtifactWithHash = ContractArtifact & { artifactHash: Fr };
+export type ContractArtifactWithHash = ContractArtifact & { artifactHash: Fr };
 
 const cmpFunctionArtifacts = <T extends { selector: FunctionSelector }>(a: T, b: T) =>
   a.selector.toField().cmp(b.selector.toField());
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ export async function getContractClassFromArtifact(
 
   privateArtifactFunctions.sort(cmpFunctionArtifacts);
 
-  const contractClass: ContractClass = {
-    version: 1,
+  const contractClass = {
+    version: 1 as const,
     artifactHash,
     packedBytecode,
     privateFunctions: privateArtifactFunctions,

package/src/contract/contract_class_id.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { GeneratorIndex, MAX_PACKED_PUBLIC_BYTECODE_SIZE_IN_FIELDS } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { DomainSeparator, MAX_PACKED_PUBLIC_BYTECODE_SIZE_IN_FIELDS } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { poseidon2HashWithSeparator } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/poseidon';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export async function computeContractClassIdWithPreimage(
       : await computePublicBytecodeCommitment(contractClass.packedBytecode);
   const id = await poseidon2HashWithSeparator(
     [artifactHash, privateFunctionsRoot, publicBytecodeCommitment],
-    GeneratorIndex.CONTRACT_CLASS_ID,
+    DomainSeparator.CONTRACT_CLASS_ID,
   );
   return { id, artifactHash, privateFunctionsRoot, publicBytecodeCommitment };
 }
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export type ContractClassIdPreimage = {
 };
 
 export async function computePublicBytecodeCommitment(packedBytecode: Buffer) {
-  // Encode the buffer into field elements (chunked into 32 bytes each)
+  // Encode the buffer into field elements (chunked into 31 bytes each)
   // The first element is the length of the bytecode (in bytes)
   const [bytecodeLengthAsField, ...bytecodeAsFields] = bufferAsFields(
     packedBytecode,
@@ -72,5 +72,6 @@ export async function computePublicBytecodeCommitment(packedBytecode: Buffer) {
 
   // NOTE: hash the bytecode here only up to the actual length of the bytecode.
   // We do not hash the entire max bytecode length!
-  return await poseidon2HashWithSeparator(bytecodeAsFields.slice(0, bytecodeLength), GeneratorIndex.PUBLIC_BYTECODE);
+  const sep = BigInt(DomainSeparator.PUBLIC_BYTECODE) + (bytecodeLengthAsField.toBigInt() << 32n);
+  return await poseidon2HashWithSeparator(bytecodeAsFields.slice(0, bytecodeLength), new Fr(sep).toNumber());
 }

package/src/contract/interfaces/node-info.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ export interface NodeInfo {
   l1ContractAddresses: L1ContractAddresses;
   /** Protocol contract addresses */
   protocolContractAddresses: ProtocolContractAddresses;
+  /** Whether the node requires real proofs for transaction submission. */
+  realProofs: boolean;
 }
 
 export const NodeInfoSchema: ZodFor<NodeInfo> = z
@@ -29,5 +31,6 @@ export const NodeInfoSchema: ZodFor<NodeInfo> = z
     enr: z.string().optional(),
     l1ContractAddresses: L1ContractAddressesSchema,
     protocolContractAddresses: ProtocolContractAddressesSchema,
+    realProofs: z.boolean(),
   })
   .transform(obj => ({ enr: undefined, ...obj }));

package/src/contract/private_function.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { FUNCTION_TREE_HEIGHT, GeneratorIndex } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { DomainSeparator, FUNCTION_TREE_HEIGHT } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { poseidon2Hash, poseidon2HashWithSeparator } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/poseidon';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { type MerkleTree, MerkleTreeCalculator } from '@aztec/foundation/trees';
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ function computePrivateFunctionLeaves(fns: PrivateFunction[]): Promise<Buffer[]>
 
 /** Returns the leaf for a given private function. */
 export async function computePrivateFunctionLeaf(fn: PrivateFunction): Promise<Buffer> {
-  return (await poseidon2HashWithSeparator([fn.selector, fn.vkHash], GeneratorIndex.PRIVATE_FUNCTION_LEAF)).toBuffer();
+  return (await poseidon2HashWithSeparator([fn.selector, fn.vkHash], DomainSeparator.PRIVATE_FUNCTION_LEAF)).toBuffer();
 }
 
 async function getPrivateFunctionTreeCalculator(): Promise<MerkleTreeCalculator> {

package/src/epoch-helpers/index.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ export type L1RollupConstants = {
   epochDuration: number;
   ethereumSlotDuration: number;
   proofSubmissionEpochs: number;
+  targetCommitteeSize: number;
+  rollupManaLimit: number;
 };
 
 export const EmptyL1RollupConstants: L1RollupConstants = {
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ export const EmptyL1RollupConstants: L1RollupConstants = {
   slotDuration: 1,
   ethereumSlotDuration: 1,
   proofSubmissionEpochs: 1,
+  targetCommitteeSize: 48,
+  rollupManaLimit: Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,
 };
 
 export const L1RollupConstantsSchema = zodFor<L1RollupConstants>()(
@@ -30,6 +34,8 @@ export const L1RollupConstantsSchema = zodFor<L1RollupConstants>()(
     epochDuration: z.number(),
     ethereumSlotDuration: z.number(),
     proofSubmissionEpochs: z.number(),
+    targetCommitteeSize: z.number(),
+    rollupManaLimit: z.number(),
   }),
 );
 

package/src/file-store/local.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,21 @@
 import { access, mkdir, readFile, writeFile } from 'fs/promises';
 import { dirname, resolve } from 'path';
+import { promisify } from 'util';
+import { gunzip as gunzipCb, gzip as gzipCb } from 'zlib';
 
-import type { FileStore } from './interface.js';
+import type { FileStore, FileStoreSaveOptions } from './interface.js';
+
+const gzip = promisify(gzipCb);
+const gunzip = promisify(gunzipCb);
 
 export class LocalFileStore implements FileStore {
   constructor(private readonly basePath: string) {}
 
-  public async save(path: string, data: Buffer): Promise<string> {
+  public async save(path: string, data: Buffer, opts?: FileStoreSaveOptions): Promise<string> {
     const fullPath = this.getFullPath(path);
     await mkdir(dirname(fullPath), { recursive: true });
-    await writeFile(fullPath, data);
+    const toWrite = opts?.compress ? await gzip(data) : data;
+    await writeFile(fullPath, toWrite);
     return `file://${fullPath}`;
   }
 
@@ -18,9 +24,13 @@ export class LocalFileStore implements FileStore {
     return this.save(destPath, data);
   }
 
-  public read(pathOrUrlStr: string): Promise<Buffer> {
+  public async read(pathOrUrlStr: string): Promise<Buffer> {
     const fullPath = this.getFullPath(pathOrUrlStr);
-    return readFile(fullPath);
+    const data = await readFile(fullPath);
+    if (data.length >= 2 && data[0] === 0x1f && data[1] === 0x8b) {
+      return await gunzip(data);
+    }
+    return data;
   }
 
   public async download(pathOrUrlStr: string, destPath: string): Promise<void> {

package/src/file-store/s3.ts

@@ -13,10 +13,14 @@ import { tmpdir } from 'os';
 import { basename, dirname, join } from 'path';
 import { Readable } from 'stream';
 import { pipeline } from 'stream/promises';
-import { createGzip } from 'zlib';
+import { promisify } from 'util';
+import { createGzip, gunzip as gunzipCb, gzip as gzipCb } from 'zlib';
 
 import type { FileStore, FileStoreSaveOptions } from './interface.js';
 
+const gzip = promisify(gzipCb);
+const gunzip = promisify(gunzipCb);
+
 function normalizeBasePath(path: string): string {
   return path?.replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, '') ?? '';
 }
@@ -52,7 +56,7 @@ export class S3FileStore implements FileStore {
     const key = this.getFullPath(path);
     const shouldCompress = !!opts.compress;
 
-    const body = shouldCompress ? (await import('zlib')).gzipSync(data) : data;
+    const body = shouldCompress ? await gzip(data) : data;
     const contentLength = body.length;
     const contentType = this.detectContentType(key, shouldCompress);
     const put = new PutObjectCommand({
@@ -60,6 +64,7 @@ export class S3FileStore implements FileStore {
       Key: key,
       Body: body,
       ContentType: contentType,
+      ContentEncoding: shouldCompress ? 'gzip' : undefined,
       CacheControl: opts.metadata?.['Cache-control'],
       Metadata: this.extractUserMetadata(opts.metadata),
       ContentLength: contentLength,
@@ -134,7 +139,11 @@ export class S3FileStore implements FileStore {
     for await (const chunk of stream) {
       chunks.push(Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk));
     }
-    return Buffer.concat(chunks);
+    const buffer = Buffer.concat(chunks);
+    if (out.ContentEncoding === 'gzip') {
+      return await gunzip(buffer);
+    }
+    return buffer;
   }
 
   public async download(pathOrUrlStr: string, destPath: string): Promise<void> {

package/src/gas/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Aztec Gas and Fee Model
+
+The minimum fee per mana and its components are computed on L1 in
+`l1-contracts/src/core/libraries/rollup/FeeLib.sol`. This document describes the
+formulas, the oracle lag/lifetime mechanism, and the TypeScript types in this directory.
+
+## Mana
+
+Aztec uses **mana** as its unit of work (analogous to Ethereum gas). Transactions consume
+mana in two dimensions: **DA** (data availability) and **L2** (execution). The total fee
+is `gasUsed * feePerMana` summed across both dimensions.
+
+## Fee Components
+
+The minimum fee per mana has four components:
+
+### Sequencer Cost
+
+L1 cost to propose a checkpoint (calldata gas + blob data), amortized over `manaTarget`:
+
+```
+sequencerCost = ((L1_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT_PROPOSED * baseFee)
+              + (BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT * BLOB_GAS_PER_BLOB * blobFee))
+              / manaTarget
+```
+
+### Prover Cost
+
+L1 cost to verify an epoch proof, amortized over epoch duration and `manaTarget`, plus a
+governance-set proving cost that compensates for off-chain proof generation:
+
+```
+proverCost = (L1_GAS_PER_EPOCH_VERIFIED * baseFee / epochDuration) / manaTarget
+           + provingCostPerMana
+```
+
+### Congestion Cost
+
+An exponential surcharge when the network is congested (inspired by EIP-1559; the
+implementation uses the `fakeExponential` Taylor series approximation from EIP-4844):
+
+```
+baseCost          = sequencerCost + proverCost
+congestionCost    = baseCost * congestionMultiplier / MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER - baseCost
+```
+
+When there is no congestion the multiplier equals `MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER` (1e9)
+and congestion cost is zero.
+
+### Congestion Multiplier
+
+```
+excessMana          = max(0, prevExcessMana + prevManaUsed - manaTarget)
+congestionMultiplier = fakeExponential(MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER, excessMana, denominator)
+```
+
+Each additional `manaTarget` of excess mana increases the multiplier by ~12.5%.
+
+### Total
+
+```
+minFeePerMana = sequencerCost + proverCost + congestionCost
+```
+
+## L1 Gas Oracle: Lag and Lifetime
+
+The oracle feeds Ethereum's `baseFee` and `blobFee` into the fee model using a two-phase
+(`pre` / `post`) system that smooths out L1 fee volatility.
+
+- **LAG = 2 slots** — when new L1 fees are observed, they activate `LAG` slots later
+  (`slotOfChange = currentSlot + LAG`). This gives mempool transactions time to land
+  before fees change.
+- **LIFETIME = 5 slots** — after an oracle update, the next update is rejected until
+  `slotOfChange + (LIFETIME - LAG)` = 3 more slots have passed. This rate-limits how
+  frequently L1 fee data can change.
+
+Fee resolution at a given timestamp:
+
+```
+if slot < slotOfChange  →  use pre  (old fees)
+else                    →  use post (new fees)
+```
+
+**Net effect**: L1 fee changes reach L2 with a 2-slot delay and can update at most once
+every 5 slots.
+
+## Fee Asset Price
+
+Fees are computed in ETH internally but converted to the fee asset (Fee Juice) via
+`ethPerFeeAsset` (1e12 precision). The price updates at most ±1% (±100 bps) per
+checkpoint:
+
+```
+newPrice = currentPrice * (10000 + modifierBps) / 10000
+```
+
+## Maximum Fee Change Rate
+
+| Component              | Bound                                                   |
+| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| L1 base fee / blob fee | At most once every 5 slots (oracle LIFETIME)            |
+| Fee asset price        | ±1% per checkpoint                                      |
+| Congestion multiplier  | Depends on excess mana accumulation/drain per checkpoint |
+| Sequencer/prover costs | Scale linearly with L1 fees                             |
+
+## Key Constants
+
+| Constant                       | Value          |
+| ------------------------------ | -------------- |
+| `L1_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT_PROPOSED` | 300,000      |
+| `L1_GAS_PER_EPOCH_VERIFIED`     | 3,600,000    |
+| `BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT`          | 3            |
+| `BLOB_GAS_PER_BLOB`             | 2^17         |
+| `MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER` | 1e9          |
+| `LAG`                           | 2 slots      |
+| `LIFETIME`                      | 5 slots      |
+
+## TypeScript Types
+
+- **`Gas`** — mana quantity in two dimensions (`daGas`, `l2Gas`).
+- **`GasFees`** — per-unit price in each dimension (`feePerDaGas`, `feePerL2Gas`).
+- **`GasSettings`** — sender-chosen fee parameters: gas limits, teardown limits, max fees, priority fees.
+- **`GasUsed`** — actual consumption after execution. Note: `billedGas` uses the teardown gas *limit*, not actual usage.

package/src/gas/gas_fees.ts

@@ -56,8 +56,14 @@ export class GasFees {
       return this.clone();
     } else if (typeof scalar === 'bigint') {
       return new GasFees(this.feePerDaGas * scalar, this.feePerL2Gas * scalar);
+    } else if (Number.isInteger(scalar)) {
+      const s = BigInt(scalar);
+      return new GasFees(this.feePerDaGas * s, this.feePerL2Gas * s);
     } else {
-      return new GasFees(Number(this.feePerDaGas) * scalar, Number(this.feePerL2Gas) * scalar);
+      return new GasFees(
+        BigInt(Math.ceil(Number(this.feePerDaGas) * scalar)),
+        BigInt(Math.ceil(Number(this.feePerL2Gas) * scalar)),
+      );
     }
   }