@aztec/stdlib 0.0.1-commit.6c91f13 → 0.0.1-commit.6d63667d

package/src/keys/derivation.ts

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import type { KeyPrefix } from './key_types.js';
 import { PublicKeys } from './public_keys.js';
 import { getKeyGenerator } from './utils.js';
 
-export function computeAppNullifierSecretKey(masterNullifierSecretKey: GrumpkinScalar, app: AztecAddress): Promise<Fr> {
-  return computeAppSecretKey(masterNullifierSecretKey, app, 'n'); // 'n' is the key prefix for nullifier secret key
+export function computeAppNullifierHidingKey(masterNullifierHidingKey: GrumpkinScalar, app: AztecAddress): Promise<Fr> {
+  return computeAppSecretKey(masterNullifierHidingKey, app, 'n'); // 'n' is the key prefix for nullifier hiding key
 }
 
 export function computeAppSecretKey(skM: GrumpkinScalar, app: AztecAddress, keyPrefix: KeyPrefix): Promise<Fr> {
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ export async function computeOvskApp(ovsk: GrumpkinScalar, app: AztecAddress): P
   return GrumpkinScalar.fromBuffer(ovskAppFr.toBuffer());
 }
 
-export function deriveMasterNullifierSecretKey(secretKey: Fr): GrumpkinScalar {
-  return sha512ToGrumpkinScalar([secretKey, GeneratorIndex.NSK_M]);
+export function deriveMasterNullifierHidingKey(secretKey: Fr): GrumpkinScalar {
+  return sha512ToGrumpkinScalar([secretKey, GeneratorIndex.NHK_M]);
 }
 
 export function deriveMasterIncomingViewingSecretKey(secretKey: Fr): GrumpkinScalar {
@@ -93,15 +93,15 @@ export function derivePublicKeyFromSecretKey(secretKey: Fq) {
  * @returns The derived keys.
  */
 export async function deriveKeys(secretKey: Fr) {
-  // First we derive master secret keys -  we use sha512 here because this derivation will never take place
+  // First we derive master secret/hiding keys -  we use sha512 here because this derivation will never take place
   // in a circuit
-  const masterNullifierSecretKey = deriveMasterNullifierSecretKey(secretKey);
+  const masterNullifierHidingKey = deriveMasterNullifierHidingKey(secretKey);
   const masterIncomingViewingSecretKey = deriveMasterIncomingViewingSecretKey(secretKey);
   const masterOutgoingViewingSecretKey = deriveMasterOutgoingViewingSecretKey(secretKey);
   const masterTaggingSecretKey = sha512ToGrumpkinScalar([secretKey, GeneratorIndex.TSK_M]);
 
   // Then we derive master public keys
-  const masterNullifierPublicKey = await derivePublicKeyFromSecretKey(masterNullifierSecretKey);
+  const masterNullifierPublicKey = await derivePublicKeyFromSecretKey(masterNullifierHidingKey);
   const masterIncomingViewingPublicKey = await derivePublicKeyFromSecretKey(masterIncomingViewingSecretKey);
   const masterOutgoingViewingPublicKey = await derivePublicKeyFromSecretKey(masterOutgoingViewingSecretKey);
   const masterTaggingPublicKey = await derivePublicKeyFromSecretKey(masterTaggingSecretKey);
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ export async function deriveKeys(secretKey: Fr) {
   );
 
   return {
-    masterNullifierSecretKey,
+    masterNullifierHidingKey,
     masterIncomingViewingSecretKey,
     masterOutgoingViewingSecretKey,
     masterTaggingSecretKey,

package/src/keys/key_types.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { GeneratorIndex } from '@aztec/constants';
 
-export type KeyGenerator = GeneratorIndex.NSK_M | GeneratorIndex.IVSK_M | GeneratorIndex.OVSK_M | GeneratorIndex.TSK_M;
+export type KeyGenerator = GeneratorIndex.NHK_M | GeneratorIndex.IVSK_M | GeneratorIndex.OVSK_M | GeneratorIndex.TSK_M;
 export type KeyPrefix = 'n' | 'iv' | 'ov' | 't';
 export const KEY_PREFIXES: KeyPrefix[] = ['n', 'iv', 'ov', 't'];

package/src/keys/utils.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,11 @@ import { GeneratorIndex } from '@aztec/constants';
 import type { KeyGenerator, KeyPrefix } from './key_types.js';
 
 export function getKeyGenerator(prefix: KeyPrefix): KeyGenerator {
-  // We get enum key by capitalizing key prefix and concatenating it with 'SK_M'
-  const enumKey = `${prefix.toUpperCase()}SK_M`;
-  return GeneratorIndex[enumKey as keyof typeof GeneratorIndex] as KeyGenerator;
+  const map: Record<KeyPrefix, KeyGenerator> = {
+    n: GeneratorIndex.NHK_M,
+    iv: GeneratorIndex.IVSK_M,
+    ov: GeneratorIndex.OVSK_M,
+    t: GeneratorIndex.TSK_M,
+  };
+  return map[prefix];
 }

package/src/l1-contracts/slash_factory.ts

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ export class SlashFactoryContract {
 
     return {
       to: this.contract.address,
+      abi: SlashFactoryAbi,
       data: encodeFunctionData({
         abi: SlashFactoryAbi,
         functionName: 'createSlashPayload',

package/src/logs/log_id.ts

@@ -1,26 +1,24 @@
 import { INITIAL_L2_BLOCK_NUM } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { toBufferBE } from '@aztec/foundation/bigint-buffer';
 import { BlockNumber, BlockNumberSchema } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { BufferReader } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
-import { L2BlockHash } from '../block/block_hash.js';
+import { BlockHash } from '../block/block_hash.js';
 import { schemas } from '../schemas/index.js';
+import { TxHash } from '../tx/tx_hash.js';
 
 /** A globally unique log id. */
 export class LogId {
-  /**
-   * Parses a log id from a string.
-   * @param blockNumber - The block number.
-   * @param txIndex - The transaction index.
-   * @param logIndex - The log index.
-   */
   constructor(
     /** The block number the log was emitted in. */
     public readonly blockNumber: BlockNumber,
     /** The hash of the block the log was emitted in. */
-    public readonly blockHash: L2BlockHash,
+    public readonly blockHash: BlockHash,
+    /** The hash of the transaction the log was emitted in. */
+    public readonly txHash: TxHash,
     /** The index of a tx in a block the log was emitted in. */
     public readonly txIndex: number,
     /** The index of a log the tx was emitted in. */
@@ -40,7 +38,8 @@ export class LogId {
   static random() {
     return new LogId(
       BlockNumber(Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000) + 1),
-      L2BlockHash.random(),
+      BlockHash.random(),
+      TxHash.random(),
       Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000),
       Math.floor(Math.random() * 100),
     );
@@ -50,12 +49,14 @@ export class LogId {
     return z
       .object({
         blockNumber: BlockNumberSchema,
-        blockHash: L2BlockHash.schema,
+        blockHash: BlockHash.schema,
+        txHash: TxHash.schema,
         txIndex: schemas.Integer,
         logIndex: schemas.Integer,
       })
       .transform(
-        ({ blockNumber, blockHash, txIndex, logIndex }) => new LogId(blockNumber, blockHash, txIndex, logIndex),
+        ({ blockNumber, blockHash, txHash, txIndex, logIndex }) =>
+          new LogId(blockNumber, blockHash, txHash, txIndex, logIndex),
       );
   }
 
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ export class LogId {
     return Buffer.concat([
       toBufferBE(BigInt(this.blockNumber), 4),
       this.blockHash.toBuffer(),
+      this.txHash.toBuffer(),
       toBufferBE(BigInt(this.txIndex), 4),
       toBufferBE(BigInt(this.logIndex), 4),
     ]);
@@ -81,11 +83,12 @@ export class LogId {
     const reader = BufferReader.asReader(buffer);
 
     const blockNumber = BlockNumber(reader.readNumber());
-    const blockHash = reader.readObject(L2BlockHash);
+    const blockHash = new BlockHash(reader.readObject(Fr));
+    const txHash = reader.readObject(TxHash);
     const txIndex = reader.readNumber();
     const logIndex = reader.readNumber();
 
-    return new LogId(blockNumber, blockHash, txIndex, logIndex);
+    return new LogId(blockNumber, blockHash, txHash, txIndex, logIndex);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ export class LogId {
    * @returns A string representation of the log id.
    */
   public toString(): string {
-    return `${this.blockNumber}-${this.txIndex}-${this.logIndex}-${this.blockHash.toString()}`;
+    return `${this.blockNumber}-${this.txIndex}-${this.logIndex}-${this.blockHash.toString()}-${this.txHash.toString()}`;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -102,13 +105,14 @@ export class LogId {
    * @returns A log id.
    */
   static fromString(data: string): LogId {
-    const [rawBlockNumber, rawTxIndex, rawLogIndex, rawBlockHash] = data.split('-');
+    const [rawBlockNumber, rawTxIndex, rawLogIndex, rawBlockHash, rawTxHash] = data.split('-');
     const blockNumber = BlockNumber(Number(rawBlockNumber));
-    const blockHash = L2BlockHash.fromString(rawBlockHash);
+    const blockHash = BlockHash.fromString(rawBlockHash);
+    const txHash = TxHash.fromString(rawTxHash);
     const txIndex = Number(rawTxIndex);
     const logIndex = Number(rawLogIndex);
 
-    return new LogId(blockNumber, blockHash, txIndex, logIndex);
+    return new LogId(blockNumber, blockHash, txHash, txIndex, logIndex);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -116,6 +120,6 @@ export class LogId {
    * @returns A human readable representation of the log id.
    */
   public toHumanReadable(): string {
-    return `logId: (blockNumber: ${this.blockNumber}, blockHash: ${this.blockHash.toString()}, txIndex: ${this.txIndex}, logIndex: ${this.logIndex})`;
+    return `logId: (blockNumber: ${this.blockNumber}, blockHash: ${this.blockHash.toString()}, txHash: ${this.txHash.toString()}, txIndex: ${this.txIndex}, logIndex: ${this.logIndex})`;
   }
 }

package/src/logs/siloed_tag.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import { poseidon2Hash } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/poseidon';
+import { GeneratorIndex } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { poseidon2HashWithSeparator } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/poseidon';
 import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import type { ZodFor } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ export class SiloedTag {
   constructor(public readonly value: Fr) {}
 
   static async compute(tag: Tag, app: AztecAddress): Promise<SiloedTag> {
-    const siloedTag = await poseidon2Hash([app, tag.value]);
+    const siloedTag = await poseidon2HashWithSeparator([app, tag.value], GeneratorIndex.PRIVATE_LOG_FIRST_FIELD);
     return new SiloedTag(siloedTag);
   }
 

package/src/messaging/in_hash.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ import { padArrayEnd } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { computeBalancedShaRoot } from '@aztec/foundation/trees';
 
-/** Computes the inHash for a block's ContentCommitment given its l1 to l2 messages. */
+/**
+ * Computes the inHash for a checkpoint (or the first block in a checkpoint) given its l1 to l2 messages.
+ */
 export function computeInHashFromL1ToL2Messages(unpaddedL1ToL2Messages: Fr[]): Fr {
   const l1ToL2Messages = padArrayEnd<Fr, number>(unpaddedL1ToL2Messages, Fr.ZERO, NUMBER_OF_L1_L2_MESSAGES_PER_ROLLUP);
   return new Fr(computeBalancedShaRoot(l1ToL2Messages.map(msg => msg.toBuffer())));

package/src/messaging/l2_to_l1_membership.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,99 @@
-import type { BlockNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { OUT_HASH_TREE_LEAF_COUNT } from '@aztec/constants';
+import type { EpochNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { SiblingPath, UnbalancedMerkleTreeCalculator, computeUnbalancedShaRoot } from '@aztec/foundation/trees';
 
+/**
+ * # L2-to-L1 Message Tree Structure and Leaf IDs
+ *
+ * ## Overview
+ * L2-to-L1 messages are organized in a hierarchical 4-level tree structure within each epoch:
+ *   Epoch → Checkpoints → Blocks → Transactions → Messages
+ *
+ * Each level uses an unbalanced Merkle tree, and some levels use compression (skipping zero hashes).
+ *
+ * ## Tree Levels
+ *
+ * 1. **Message Tree (TX Out Hash)**
+ *    - Leaves: Individual L2-to-L1 messages within a transaction
+ *    - Root: TX out hash
+ *    - Type: Unbalanced, non-compressed (the circuits ensure that all messages are not empty.)
+ *
+ * 2. **Block Tree**
+ *    - Leaves: TX out hashes from all transactions in a block
+ *    - Root: Block out hash
+ *    - Type: Unbalanced, compressed (zero hashes are skipped)
+ *    - Compression: If a tx has no messages (out hash = 0), that branch is ignored
+ *
+ * 3. **Checkpoint Tree**
+ *    - Leaves: Block out hashes from all blocks in a checkpoint
+ *    - Root: Checkpoint out hash
+ *    - Type: Unbalanced, compressed (zero hashes are skipped)
+ *    - Compression: If a block has no messages (out hash = 0), that branch is ignored
+ *
+ * 4. **Epoch Tree**
+ *    - Leaves: Checkpoint out hashes from all checkpoints in an epoch (padded to AZTEC_MAX_EPOCH_DURATION)
+ *    - Root: Epoch out hash (set in the root rollup's public inputs and inserted into the Outbox on L1 when the epoch is proven)
+ *    - Type: Unbalanced, non-compressed
+ *    - **Important**: Padded with zeros up to AZTEC_MAX_EPOCH_DURATION to allow for proofs of partial epochs
+ *
+ * ## Combined Membership Proof
+ * To prove a message exists in an epoch, we combine the sibling paths from all 4 trees:
+ *   [message siblings] + [tx siblings] + [block siblings] + [checkpoint siblings]
+ *
+ * ## Leaf ID: Stable Message Identification
+ *
+ * Each message gets a unique, stable **leaf ID** that identifies its position in the combined tree.
+ * The leaf ID is computed as:
+ *   leafId = 2^pathSize + leafIndex
+ *
+ * Where:
+ * - `pathSize`: Total length of the combined sibling path (from all 4 tree levels)
+ * - `leafIndex`: The message's index in a balanced tree representation at that height
+ *
+ * ### Why Leaf IDs Are Stable
+ *
+ * The leaf ID is based on the message's position in the tree structure, which is determined by:
+ * - The checkpoint index within the epoch
+ * - The block index within the checkpoint
+ * - The transaction index within the block
+ * - The message index within the transaction
+ *
+ * These indices are structural and do NOT depend on the total number of blocks/checkpoints in the epoch.
+ *
+ * ### Critical Property: Preserving Consumed Status
+ *
+ * **Problem**: On L1, epoch proofs can be submitted incrementally. For example:
+ * - First, a proof for checkpoints 1-10 of epoch 0 is submitted (proves the first 10 checkpoints)
+ * - Later, a proof for checkpoints 1-20 of epoch 0 is submitted (proves all 20 checkpoints)
+ *
+ * When the longer proof is submitted, it updates the epoch's out hash root on L1 to reflect the complete epoch (all 20
+ * checkpoints). However, some messages from checkpoints 1-10 may have already been consumed.
+ *
+ * **Solution**: The Outbox on L1 tracks consumed messages using a bitmap indexed by leaf ID.
+ * Because leaf IDs are stable (they don't change when more checkpoints are added to the epoch), messages that were consumed
+ * under the shorter proof remain marked as consumed under the longer proof.
+ *
+ * This prevents double-spending of L2-to-L1 messages when longer epoch proofs are submitted.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Computes the unique leaf ID for an L2-to-L1 message.
+ *
+ * The leaf ID is stable across different epoch proof lengths and is used by the Outbox
+ * on L1 to track which messages have been consumed.
+ *
+ * @param membershipWitness - Contains the leafIndex and siblingPath for the message
+ * @returns The unique leaf ID used for tracking message consumption on L1
+ */
+export function getL2ToL1MessageLeafId(
+  membershipWitness: Pick<L2ToL1MembershipWitness, 'leafIndex' | 'siblingPath'>,
+): bigint {
+  return 2n ** BigInt(membershipWitness.siblingPath.pathSize) + membershipWitness.leafIndex;
+}
+
 export interface MessageRetrieval {
-  getL2ToL1Messages(l2BlockNumber: BlockNumber): Promise<Fr[][] | undefined>;
+  getL2ToL1Messages(epoch: EpochNumber): Promise<Fr[][][][]>;
 }
 
 export type L2ToL1MembershipWitness = {
@@ -14,76 +104,101 @@ export type L2ToL1MembershipWitness = {
 
 export async function computeL2ToL1MembershipWitness(
   messageRetriever: MessageRetrieval,
-  l2BlockNumber: BlockNumber,
+  epoch: EpochNumber,
   message: Fr,
 ): Promise<L2ToL1MembershipWitness | undefined> {
-  const messagesForAllTxs = await messageRetriever.getL2ToL1Messages(l2BlockNumber);
-  if (!messagesForAllTxs) {
+  const messagesInEpoch = await messageRetriever.getL2ToL1Messages(epoch);
+  if (messagesInEpoch.length === 0) {
     return undefined;
   }
 
-  return computeL2ToL1MembershipWitnessFromMessagesForAllTxs(messagesForAllTxs, message);
+  return computeL2ToL1MembershipWitnessFromMessagesInEpoch(messagesInEpoch, message);
 }
 
 // TODO: Allow to specify the message to consume by its index or by an offset, in case there are multiple messages with
 // the same value.
-export function computeL2ToL1MembershipWitnessFromMessagesForAllTxs(
-  messagesForAllTxs: Fr[][],
+export function computeL2ToL1MembershipWitnessFromMessagesInEpoch(
+  messagesInEpoch: Fr[][][][],
   message: Fr,
 ): L2ToL1MembershipWitness {
-  // Find index of message in subtree and index of tx in a block.
+  // Find the index of the message in the tx, index of the tx in the block, and index of the block in the epoch.
   let messageIndexInTx = -1;
-  const txIndex = messagesForAllTxs.findIndex(messages => {
-    messageIndexInTx = messages.findIndex(msg => msg.equals(message));
-    return messageIndexInTx !== -1;
+  let txIndex = -1;
+  let blockIndex = -1;
+  const checkpointIndex = messagesInEpoch.findIndex(messagesInCheckpoint => {
+    blockIndex = messagesInCheckpoint.findIndex(messagesInBlock => {
+      txIndex = messagesInBlock.findIndex(messagesInTx => {
+        messageIndexInTx = messagesInTx.findIndex(msg => msg.equals(message));
+        return messageIndexInTx !== -1;
+      });
+      return txIndex !== -1;
+    });
+    return blockIndex !== -1;
   });
 
-  if (txIndex === -1) {
+  if (checkpointIndex === -1) {
     throw new Error('The L2ToL1Message you are trying to prove inclusion of does not exist');
   }
 
-  // Get the txOutHash and the sibling path of the message in the tx subtree.
-  const txMessages = messagesForAllTxs[txIndex];
-  const txOutHashTree = UnbalancedMerkleTreeCalculator.create(txMessages.map(msg => msg.toBuffer()));
-  const txOutHash = txOutHashTree.getRoot();
-  const messagePathInSubtree = txOutHashTree.getSiblingPath(message.toBuffer());
-
-  // Calculate txOutHash for all txs.
-  const txSubtreeRoots = messagesForAllTxs.map((messages, i) => {
-    // For a tx with no messages, we have to set an out hash of 0 to match what the circuit does.
-    if (messages.length === 0) {
-      return Fr.ZERO;
-    }
+  // Build the tx tree.
+  const messagesInTx = messagesInEpoch[checkpointIndex][blockIndex][txIndex];
+  const txTree = UnbalancedMerkleTreeCalculator.create(messagesInTx.map(msg => msg.toBuffer()));
+  // Get the sibling path of the target message in the tx tree.
+  const pathToMessageInTxSubtree = txTree.getSiblingPathByLeafIndex(messageIndexInTx);
 
-    if (i === txIndex) {
-      return Fr.fromBuffer(txOutHash);
-    }
+  // Build the tree of the block containing the target message.
+  const blockTree = buildBlockTree(messagesInEpoch[checkpointIndex][blockIndex]);
+  // Get the sibling path of the tx out hash in the block tree.
+  const pathToTxOutHashInBlockTree = blockTree.getSiblingPathByLeafIndex(txIndex);
 
-    const root = computeUnbalancedShaRoot(messages.map(msg => msg.toBuffer()));
-    return Fr.fromBuffer(root);
-  });
+  // Build the tree of the checkpoint containing the target message.
+  const checkpointTree = buildCheckpointTree(messagesInEpoch[checkpointIndex]);
+  // Get the sibling path of the block out hash in the checkpoint tree.
+  const pathToBlockOutHashInCheckpointTree = checkpointTree.getSiblingPathByLeafIndex(blockIndex);
 
-  // Construct the top tree.
-  // The leaves of this tree are the `txOutHashes`.
-  // The root of this tree should match the `out_hash` calculated in the circuits. Zero hashes are compressed to reduce
-  // cost if the non-zero leaves result in a shorter path.
-  const valueToCompress = Buffer.alloc(32);
-  const topTree = UnbalancedMerkleTreeCalculator.create(
-    txSubtreeRoots.map(root => root.toBuffer()),
-    valueToCompress,
+  // Compute the out hashes of all checkpoints in the epoch.
+  let checkpointOutHashes = messagesInEpoch.map((messagesInCheckpoint, i) => {
+    if (i === checkpointIndex) {
+      return checkpointTree.getRoot();
+    }
+    return buildCheckpointTree(messagesInCheckpoint).getRoot();
+  });
+  // Pad to AZTEC_MAX_EPOCH_DURATION with zeros.
+  checkpointOutHashes = checkpointOutHashes.concat(
+    Array.from({ length: OUT_HASH_TREE_LEAF_COUNT - messagesInEpoch.length }, () => Buffer.alloc(32)),
   );
-  const root = Fr.fromBuffer(topTree.getRoot());
 
-  // Compute the combined sibling path by appending the tx subtree path to the top tree path.
-  const txPathInTopTree = topTree.getSiblingPath(txOutHash);
-  const combinedPath = messagePathInSubtree.toBufferArray().concat(txPathInTopTree.toBufferArray());
+  // Build the epoch tree with all the checkpoint out hashes, including the padded zeros.
+  // Note: The epoch tree is actually a balanced tree, but we use an unbalanced tree calculator here to avoid turning
+  // this function into async.
+  const epochTree = UnbalancedMerkleTreeCalculator.create(checkpointOutHashes);
+  // Get the sibling path of the checkpoint out hash in the epoch tree.
+  const pathToCheckpointOutHashInEpochTree = epochTree.getSiblingPathByLeafIndex(checkpointIndex);
+
+  // The root of the epoch tree should match the `out_hash` in the root rollup's public inputs.
+  const root = Fr.fromBuffer(epochTree.getRoot());
+
+  // Compute the combined sibling path by appending the tx subtree path to the block tree path, then to the checkpoint
+  // tree path, then to the epoch tree path.
+  const combinedPath = pathToMessageInTxSubtree
+    .toBufferArray()
+    .concat(pathToTxOutHashInBlockTree.toBufferArray())
+    .concat(pathToBlockOutHashInCheckpointTree.toBufferArray())
+    .concat(pathToCheckpointOutHashInEpochTree.toBufferArray());
 
   // Compute the combined index.
-  // It is the index of the message in the balanced tree at its current height.
-  const txLeafIndexAtLevel = topTree.getLeafLocation(txIndex).index;
-  const messageLeafPosition = txOutHashTree.getLeafLocation(messageIndexInTx);
-  const numLeavesInLeftSubtrees = txLeafIndexAtLevel * (1 << messageLeafPosition.level);
-  const combinedIndex = numLeavesInLeftSubtrees + messageLeafPosition.index;
+  // It is the index of the message in the balanced tree (by filling up the wonky tree with empty nodes) at its current
+  // height. It's used to validate the membership proof.
+  const messageLeafPosition = txTree.getLeafLocation(messageIndexInTx);
+  const txLeafPosition = blockTree.getLeafLocation(txIndex);
+  const blockLeafPosition = checkpointTree.getLeafLocation(blockIndex);
+  const checkpointLeafPosition = epochTree.getLeafLocation(checkpointIndex);
+  const numLeavesInLeftCheckpoints = checkpointLeafPosition.index * (1 << blockLeafPosition.level);
+  const indexAtCheckpointLevel = numLeavesInLeftCheckpoints + blockLeafPosition.index;
+  const numLeavesInLeftBlocks = indexAtCheckpointLevel * (1 << txLeafPosition.level);
+  const indexAtTxLevel = numLeavesInLeftBlocks + txLeafPosition.index;
+  const numLeavesInLeftTxs = indexAtTxLevel * (1 << messageLeafPosition.level);
+  const combinedIndex = numLeavesInLeftTxs + messageLeafPosition.index;
 
   return {
     root,
@@ -92,8 +207,19 @@ export function computeL2ToL1MembershipWitnessFromMessagesForAllTxs(
   };
 }
 
-export function getL2ToL1MessageLeafId(
-  membershipWitness: Pick<L2ToL1MembershipWitness, 'leafIndex' | 'siblingPath'>,
-): bigint {
-  return 2n ** BigInt(membershipWitness.siblingPath.pathSize) + membershipWitness.leafIndex;
+function buildCheckpointTree(messagesInCheckpoint: Fr[][][]) {
+  const blockOutHashes = messagesInCheckpoint.map(messagesInBlock => buildBlockTree(messagesInBlock).getRoot());
+  return buildCompressedTree(blockOutHashes);
+}
+
+function buildBlockTree(messagesInBlock: Fr[][]) {
+  const txOutHashes = messagesInBlock.map(messages => computeUnbalancedShaRoot(messages.map(msg => msg.toBuffer())));
+  return buildCompressedTree(txOutHashes);
+}
+
+function buildCompressedTree(leaves: Buffer[]) {
+  // Note: If a block or tx has no messages (i.e. leaf == Buffer.alloc(32)), we ignore that branch and only accumulate
+  // the non-zero hashes to match what the circuits do.
+  const valueToCompress = Buffer.alloc(32);
+  return UnbalancedMerkleTreeCalculator.create(leaves, valueToCompress);
 }

package/src/messaging/out_hash.ts

@@ -1,36 +1,77 @@
+import { OUT_HASH_TREE_LEAF_COUNT } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { padArrayEnd } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
-import { UnbalancedMerkleTreeCalculator, computeUnbalancedShaRoot } from '@aztec/foundation/trees';
+import { computeBalancedShaRoot, computeUnbalancedShaRoot, computeWonkyShaRoot } from '@aztec/foundation/trees';
 
+/**
+ * Computes the out hash of a tx. It's the root of the unbalanced tree of all the L2-to-L1 messages emitted by the tx.
+ * @param messages - The L2-to-L1 messages emitted by the tx.
+ * @returns The out hash of the tx.
+ */
 export function computeTxOutHash(messages: Fr[]): Fr {
+  // Must match the implementation in `tx_base_public_inputs_composer.nr > compute_kernel_out_hash()`
   if (!messages.length) {
     return Fr.ZERO;
   }
-  // Tx out hash is the root of the unbalanced merkle tree of all the messages.
-  // Zero hashes (which should not happen) are not compressed.
+  // It's an unbalanced tree because zero hashes (which should not happen) will be included.
   return Fr.fromBuffer(computeUnbalancedShaRoot(messages.map(msg => msg.toBuffer())));
 }
 
-export function computeBlockOutHash(messagesPerBlock: Fr[][]): Fr {
-  const txOutHashes = messagesPerBlock.map(messages => computeTxOutHash(messages));
-  return aggregateOutHashes(txOutHashes);
+/**
+ * Computes the out hash of a block. It's the root of the wonky tree of all the tx out hashes.
+ * @param messagesPerTx - The L2-to-L1 messages emitted by the txs in the block. This is an array of message arrays.
+ * The array at index 0 contains the messages emitted by the first tx, the array at index 1 contains the messages
+ * emitted by the second tx, and so on.
+ * @returns The out hash of the block.
+ */
+export function computeBlockOutHash(messagesPerTx: Fr[][]): Fr {
+  // See how the tx out hashes are aggregated into a block out hash in `merge_tx_rollups.nr > accumulate_out_hash()`.
+  const txOutHashes = messagesPerTx.map(messages => computeTxOutHash(messages));
+  return Fr.fromBuffer(computeWonkyShaRoot(txOutHashes.map(hash => hash.toBuffer())));
 }
 
-export function computeCheckpointOutHash(messagesForAllTxs: Fr[][][]): Fr {
-  const blockOutHashes = messagesForAllTxs.map(block => computeBlockOutHash(block));
-  return aggregateOutHashes(blockOutHashes);
+/**
+ * Computes the out hash of a checkpoint. It's the root of the wonky tree of all the block out hashes.
+ * @param messagesPerBlock - The L2-to-L1 messages emitted by the txs in the blocks in the checkpoint. This is an array
+ * of arrays of messages. The array at index 0 contains the arrays of messages emitted by the first block, the array at
+ * index 1 contains the arrays of messages emitted by the second block, and so on.
+ * @returns The out hash of the checkpoint.
+ */
+export function computeCheckpointOutHash(messagesPerBlock: Fr[][][]): Fr {
+  // See how the block out hashes are aggregated into a checkpoint out hash in `merge_block_rollups.nr > accumulate_out_hash()`.
+  const blockOutHashes = messagesPerBlock.map(block => computeBlockOutHash(block));
+  return Fr.fromBuffer(computeWonkyShaRoot(blockOutHashes.map(hash => hash.toBuffer())));
 }
 
-// The root of this tree should match the `out_hash` calculated in the circuits. Zero hashes are compressed to reduce
-// cost if the non-zero leaves result in a shorter path.
-function aggregateOutHashes(outHashes: Fr[]): Fr {
-  if (!outHashes.length) {
-    return Fr.ZERO;
-  }
-
-  const valueToCompress = Buffer.alloc(32);
-  const tree = UnbalancedMerkleTreeCalculator.create(
-    outHashes.map(hash => hash.toBuffer()),
-    valueToCompress,
+/**
+ * Computes the accumulated (epoch) out hash of a checkpoint. It's the root of the balanced tree of all the out hashes
+ * from the first checkpoint in an epoch to the current checkpoint.
+ * It's this value that's set to the checkpoint header and validated on L1 instead of the checkpoint out hash.
+ * @param checkpointOutHashes - The out hashes of all checkpoints in the epoch.
+ * @returns The accumulated (epoch) out hash.
+ */
+export function accumulateCheckpointOutHashes(checkpointOutHashes: Fr[]): Fr {
+  // See how the checkpoint out hashes are accumulated in `checkpoint_rollup_public_inputs_composer.nr > accumulate_checkpoint_out_hash()`.
+  const paddedOutHashes = padArrayEnd(
+    checkpointOutHashes.map(hash => hash.toBuffer()),
+    Buffer.alloc(32),
+    OUT_HASH_TREE_LEAF_COUNT,
   );
-  return Fr.fromBuffer(tree.getRoot());
+  return Fr.fromBuffer(computeBalancedShaRoot(paddedOutHashes));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Computes the epoch out hash. It's the root of the balanced tree of all the checkpoint out hashes.
+ * It should match the **accumulated** out hash of the last checkpoint in the epoch.
+ * This value will be inserted into the Outbox on L1.
+ * @param messagesPerCheckpoint - The L2-to-L1 messages emitted by the txs in the blocks in the checkpoints in the epoch.
+ * This is an array of arrays of arrays of messages. The array at index 0 contains the arrays of arrays of messages
+ * emitted by the first checkpoint, the array at index 1 contains the arrays of arrays of messages emitted by the second
+ * checkpoint, and so on.
+ * @returns The epoch out hash.
+ */
+export function computeEpochOutHash(messagesPerCheckpoint: Fr[][][][]): Fr {
+  // See how the accumulated out hash is assigned to the root rollup's public inputs in `root_rollup.nr`.
+  const checkpointOutHashes = messagesPerCheckpoint.map(checkpoint => computeCheckpointOutHash(checkpoint));
+  return accumulateCheckpointOutHashes(checkpointOutHashes);
 }