@aztec/stdlib 0.0.0-test.1 → 0.0.1-commit.001888fc

package/src/file-store/s3.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+
+import {
+  GetObjectCommand,
+  type GetObjectCommandOutput,
+  HeadObjectCommand,
+  PutObjectCommand,
+  S3Client,
+} from '@aws-sdk/client-s3';
+import { createReadStream, createWriteStream } from 'fs';
+import { mkdir, mkdtemp, stat, unlink } from 'fs/promises';
+import { tmpdir } from 'os';
+import { basename, dirname, join } from 'path';
+import { Readable } from 'stream';
+import { pipeline } from 'stream/promises';
+import { promisify } from 'util';
+import { createGzip, gunzip as gunzipCb, gzip as gzipCb } from 'zlib';
+
+import type { FileStore, FileStoreSaveOptions } from './interface.js';
+
+const gzip = promisify(gzipCb);
+const gunzip = promisify(gunzipCb);
+
+function normalizeBasePath(path: string): string {
+  return path?.replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, '') ?? '';
+}
+
+export class S3FileStore implements FileStore {
+  private readonly s3: S3Client;
+  private readonly region: string;
+  private readonly endpoint?: string;
+  private readonly publicBaseUrl?: string;
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly bucketName: string,
+    private readonly basePath: string,
+    opts: { endpoint?: string; publicBaseUrl?: string },
+    private readonly log: Logger = createLogger('stdlib:s3-file-store'),
+  ) {
+    this.endpoint = opts.endpoint;
+    this.region = this.endpoint ? 'auto' : (process.env.AWS_REGION ?? process.env.AWS_DEFAULT_REGION ?? 'us-east-1');
+    this.publicBaseUrl = opts.publicBaseUrl;
+
+    const clientOptions: any = {};
+    if (this.endpoint) {
+      clientOptions.region = 'auto';
+      clientOptions.endpoint = this.endpoint;
+      clientOptions.forcePathStyle = true;
+    } else {
+      clientOptions.region = this.region;
+    }
+    this.s3 = new S3Client(clientOptions);
+  }
+
+  public async save(path: string, data: Buffer, opts: FileStoreSaveOptions = {}): Promise<string> {
+    const key = this.getFullPath(path);
+    const shouldCompress = !!opts.compress;
+
+    const body = shouldCompress ? await gzip(data) : data;
+    const contentLength = body.length;
+    const contentType = this.detectContentType(key, shouldCompress);
+    const put = new PutObjectCommand({
+      Bucket: this.bucketName,
+      Key: key,
+      Body: body,
+      ContentType: contentType,
+      ContentEncoding: shouldCompress ? 'gzip' : undefined,
+      CacheControl: opts.metadata?.['Cache-control'],
+      Metadata: this.extractUserMetadata(opts.metadata),
+      ContentLength: contentLength,
+    });
+    await this.s3.send(put);
+    return this.buildReturnedUrl(key, !!opts.public);
+  }
+
+  public async upload(destPath: string, srcPath: string, opts: FileStoreSaveOptions = {}): Promise<string> {
+    const key = this.getFullPath(destPath);
+    const shouldCompress = opts.compress !== false; // default true like GCS impl
+
+    await mkdir(dirname(srcPath), { recursive: true }).catch(() => undefined);
+    let contentLength: number | undefined;
+    let bodyPath = srcPath;
+
+    // We don't set Content-Encoding and we avoid SigV4 streaming (aws-chunked).
+    // With AWS SigV4 streaming uploads (Content-Encoding: aws-chunked[,gzip]), servers require
+    // x-amz-decoded-content-length (the size of the decoded payload) and an exact Content-Length
+    // that includes chunk metadata. For on-the-fly compression, providing
+    // those values without buffering or a pre-pass is impractical. Instead, we pre-gzip to a temp file
+    // to know ContentLength up-front and upload the gzipped bytes as-is, omitting Content-Encoding.
+    // Reference: AWS SigV4 streaming (chunked upload) requirements —
+    // https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/sigv4-streaming.html
+    if (shouldCompress) {
+      // Pre-gzip to a temp file so we know the exact length for R2/S3 headers
+      const tmpDir = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 's3-upload-'));
+      const gzPath = join(tmpDir, `${basename(srcPath)}.gz`);
+      try {
+        await pipeline(createReadStream(srcPath), createGzip(), createWriteStream(gzPath));
+        const st = await stat(gzPath);
+        contentLength = st.size;
+        bodyPath = gzPath;
+      } catch (err) {
+        // Ensure temp file is removed on failure
+        await unlink(gzPath).catch(() => undefined);
+        throw err;
+      }
+    } else {
+      const st = await stat(srcPath);
+      contentLength = st.size;
+      bodyPath = srcPath;
+    }
+
+    const bodyStream = createReadStream(bodyPath);
+    const contentType = this.detectContentType(key, shouldCompress);
+    try {
+      const put = new PutObjectCommand({
+        Bucket: this.bucketName,
+        Key: key,
+        Body: bodyStream as any,
+        ContentType: contentType,
+        CacheControl: opts.metadata?.['Cache-control'],
+        Metadata: this.extractUserMetadata(opts.metadata),
+        // Explicitly set ContentLength so R2 can compute x-amz-decoded-content-length correctly
+        ContentLength: contentLength,
+      } as any);
+      await this.s3.send(put);
+    } finally {
+      if (shouldCompress && bodyPath !== srcPath) {
+        await unlink(bodyPath).catch(() => undefined);
+      }
+    }
+    return this.buildReturnedUrl(key, !!opts.public);
+  }
+
+  public async read(pathOrUrlStr: string): Promise<Buffer> {
+    const { bucket, key } = this.getBucketAndKey(pathOrUrlStr);
+    const out: GetObjectCommandOutput = await this.s3.send(new GetObjectCommand({ Bucket: bucket, Key: key }));
+    const stream = out.Body as Readable;
+    const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+    for await (const chunk of stream) {
+      chunks.push(Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk));
+    }
+    const buffer = Buffer.concat(chunks);
+    if (out.ContentEncoding === 'gzip') {
+      return await gunzip(buffer);
+    }
+    return buffer;
+  }
+
+  public async download(pathOrUrlStr: string, destPath: string): Promise<void> {
+    const { bucket, key } = this.getBucketAndKey(pathOrUrlStr);
+    const out: GetObjectCommandOutput = await this.s3.send(new GetObjectCommand({ Bucket: bucket, Key: key }));
+    await mkdir(dirname(destPath), { recursive: true });
+    await pipeline(out.Body as Readable, createWriteStream(destPath));
+  }
+
+  public async exists(pathOrUrlStr: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    try {
+      const { bucket, key } = this.getBucketAndKey(pathOrUrlStr);
+      await this.s3.send(new HeadObjectCommand({ Bucket: bucket, Key: key }));
+      return true;
+    } catch (err: any) {
+      const code = err?.$metadata?.httpStatusCode ?? err?.name ?? err?.Code;
+      if (code === 404 || code === 'NotFound' || code === 'NoSuchKey') {
+        return false;
+      }
+      this.log.warn(`Error checking existence for ${pathOrUrlStr}: ${err?.message ?? String(err)}`);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private extractUserMetadata(meta?: Record<string, string>): Record<string, string> | undefined {
+    if (!meta) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    const { ['Cache-control']: _ignored, ...rest } = meta;
+    return Object.keys(rest).length ? rest : undefined;
+  }
+
+  private detectContentType(key: string, isCompressed: boolean | undefined): string | undefined {
+    // Basic content type inference
+    const lower = key.toLowerCase();
+    if (lower.endsWith('.json') || lower.endsWith('.json.gz')) {
+      return 'application/json';
+    }
+    if (lower.endsWith('.txt') || lower.endsWith('.log') || lower.endsWith('.csv') || lower.endsWith('.md')) {
+      return 'text/plain; charset=utf-8';
+    }
+    if (lower.endsWith('.db') || lower.endsWith('.sqlite') || lower.endsWith('.bin')) {
+      return 'application/octet-stream';
+    }
+    if (lower.endsWith('.wasm') || lower.endsWith('.wasm.gz')) {
+      return 'application/wasm';
+    }
+    // If compressed, prefer octet-stream unless known
+    if (isCompressed) {
+      return 'application/octet-stream';
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  private buildReturnedUrl(key: string, makePublic: boolean): string {
+    if (!makePublic) {
+      return `s3://${this.bucketName}/${key}`;
+    }
+
+    if (this.publicBaseUrl) {
+      const base = this.publicBaseUrl.replace(/\/$/, '');
+      // key already includes basePath via getFullPath, so do not prefix basePath again
+      const full = key.replace(/^\/+/, '');
+      return `${base}/${full}`;
+    }
+
+    // Try to synthesize a URL from endpoint if available (works for public R2 buckets)
+    if (this.endpoint) {
+      try {
+        const url = new URL(this.endpoint);
+        return `https://${this.bucketName}.${url.host}/${key}`;
+      } catch {
+        // fallthrough
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Fallback to AWS style URL if region looks valid
+    return `https://${this.bucketName}.s3.${this.region}.amazonaws.com/${key}`;
+  }
+
+  private getBucketAndKey(pathOrUrlStr: string): { bucket: string; key: string } {
+    if (URL.canParse(pathOrUrlStr)) {
+      const url = new URL(pathOrUrlStr);
+      if (url.protocol === 's3:') {
+        return { bucket: url.host, key: url.pathname.replace(/^\/+/, '') };
+      }
+      // For https URLs, try to infer virtual-hosted or path-style
+      if (url.protocol === 'https:' || url.protocol === 'http:') {
+        // If the URL matches the configured publicBaseUrl host, map back to our bucket and key
+        if (this.publicBaseUrl && url.host === new URL(this.publicBaseUrl).host) {
+          return { bucket: this.bucketName, key: url.pathname.replace(/^\/+/, '') };
+        }
+        const hostParts = url.host.split('.');
+        if (hostParts.length > 3 && (hostParts[1] === 's3' || hostParts[hostParts.length - 2] === 'r2')) {
+          // virtual hosted
+          return { bucket: hostParts[0], key: url.pathname.replace(/^\/+/, '') };
+        } else if (this.endpoint && url.host === new URL(this.endpoint).host) {
+          // path-style at custom endpoint
+          const [bucket, ...rest] = url.pathname.replace(/^\/+/, '').split('/');
+          return { bucket, key: rest.join('/') };
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Treat as path
+    return { bucket: this.bucketName, key: this.getFullPath(pathOrUrlStr) };
+  }
+
+  private getFullPath(path: string): string {
+    const base = normalizeBasePath(this.basePath);
+    const rel = path.replace(/^\/+/, '');
+    return base ? join(base, rel) : rel;
+  }
+}

package/src/gas/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Aztec Gas and Fee Model
+
+The minimum fee per mana and its components are computed on L1 in
+`l1-contracts/src/core/libraries/rollup/FeeLib.sol`. This document describes the
+formulas, the oracle lag/lifetime mechanism, and the TypeScript types in this directory.
+
+## Mana
+
+Aztec uses **mana** as its unit of work (analogous to Ethereum gas). Transactions consume
+mana in two dimensions: **DA** (data availability) and **L2** (execution). The total fee
+is `gasUsed * feePerMana` summed across both dimensions.
+
+## Fee Components
+
+The minimum fee per mana has four components:
+
+### Sequencer Cost
+
+L1 cost to propose a checkpoint (calldata gas + blob data), amortized over `manaTarget`:
+
+```
+sequencerCost = ((L1_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT_PROPOSED * baseFee)
+              + (BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT * BLOB_GAS_PER_BLOB * blobFee))
+              / manaTarget
+```
+
+### Prover Cost
+
+L1 cost to verify an epoch proof, amortized over epoch duration and `manaTarget`, plus a
+governance-set proving cost that compensates for off-chain proof generation:
+
+```
+proverCost = (L1_GAS_PER_EPOCH_VERIFIED * baseFee / epochDuration) / manaTarget
+           + provingCostPerMana
+```
+
+### Congestion Cost
+
+An exponential surcharge when the network is congested (inspired by EIP-1559; the
+implementation uses the `fakeExponential` Taylor series approximation from EIP-4844):
+
+```
+baseCost          = sequencerCost + proverCost
+congestionCost    = baseCost * congestionMultiplier / MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER - baseCost
+```
+
+When there is no congestion the multiplier equals `MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER` (1e9)
+and congestion cost is zero.
+
+### Congestion Multiplier
+
+```
+excessMana          = max(0, prevExcessMana + prevManaUsed - manaTarget)
+congestionMultiplier = fakeExponential(MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER, excessMana, denominator)
+```
+
+Each additional `manaTarget` of excess mana increases the multiplier by ~12.5%.
+
+### Total
+
+```
+minFeePerMana = sequencerCost + proverCost + congestionCost
+```
+
+## L1 Gas Oracle: Lag and Lifetime
+
+The oracle feeds Ethereum's `baseFee` and `blobFee` into the fee model using a two-phase
+(`pre` / `post`) system that smooths out L1 fee volatility.
+
+- **LAG = 2 slots** — when new L1 fees are observed, they activate `LAG` slots later
+  (`slotOfChange = currentSlot + LAG`). This gives mempool transactions time to land
+  before fees change.
+- **LIFETIME = 5 slots** — after an oracle update, the next update is rejected until
+  `slotOfChange + (LIFETIME - LAG)` = 3 more slots have passed. This rate-limits how
+  frequently L1 fee data can change.
+
+Fee resolution at a given timestamp:
+
+```
+if slot < slotOfChange  →  use pre  (old fees)
+else                    →  use post (new fees)
+```
+
+**Net effect**: L1 fee changes reach L2 with a 2-slot delay and can update at most once
+every 5 slots.
+
+## Fee Asset Price
+
+Fees are computed in ETH internally but converted to the fee asset (Fee Juice) via
+`ethPerFeeAsset` (1e12 precision). The price updates at most ±1% (±100 bps) per
+checkpoint:
+
+```
+newPrice = currentPrice * (10000 + modifierBps) / 10000
+```
+
+## Maximum Fee Change Rate
+
+| Component              | Bound                                                   |
+| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| L1 base fee / blob fee | At most once every 5 slots (oracle LIFETIME)            |
+| Fee asset price        | ±1% per checkpoint                                      |
+| Congestion multiplier  | Depends on excess mana accumulation/drain per checkpoint |
+| Sequencer/prover costs | Scale linearly with L1 fees                             |
+
+## Key Constants
+
+| Constant                       | Value          |
+| ------------------------------ | -------------- |
+| `L1_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT_PROPOSED` | 300,000      |
+| `L1_GAS_PER_EPOCH_VERIFIED`     | 3,600,000    |
+| `BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT`          | 3            |
+| `BLOB_GAS_PER_BLOB`             | 2^17         |
+| `MINIMUM_CONGESTION_MULTIPLIER` | 1e9          |
+| `LAG`                           | 2 slots      |
+| `LIFETIME`                      | 5 slots      |
+
+## TypeScript Types
+
+- **`Gas`** — mana quantity in two dimensions (`daGas`, `l2Gas`).
+- **`GasFees`** — per-unit price in each dimension (`feePerDaGas`, `feePerL2Gas`).
+- **`GasSettings`** — sender-chosen fee parameters: gas limits, teardown limits, max fees, priority fees.
+- **`GasUsed`** — actual consumption after execution. Note: `billedGas` uses the teardown gas *limit*, not actual usage.

package/src/gas/gas.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { schemas } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
 import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer, serializeToFields } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ export type GasDimensions = (typeof GasDimensions)[number];
 
 /** Gas amounts in each dimension. */
 export class Gas {
-  constructor(public readonly daGas: UInt32, public readonly l2Gas: UInt32) {}
+  constructor(
+    public readonly daGas: UInt32,
+    public readonly l2Gas: UInt32,
+  ) {}
 
   static get schema() {
     return z
@@ -25,6 +28,10 @@ export class Gas {
       .transform(Gas.from);
   }
 
+  getSize() {
+    return 4 /* daGas */ + 4 /* l2Gas */;
+  }
+
   clone(): Gas {
     return new Gas(this.daGas, this.l2Gas);
   }
@@ -41,6 +48,20 @@ export class Gas {
     return new Gas(fields.daGas ?? 0, fields.l2Gas ?? 0);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Creates a Gas instance from a plain object without Zod validation.
+   * This method is optimized for performance and skips validation, making it suitable
+   * for deserializing trusted data (e.g., from C++ via MessagePack).
+   * @param obj - Plain object containing Gas fields
+   * @returns A Gas instance
+   */
+  static fromPlainObject(obj: any): Gas {
+    if (obj instanceof Gas) {
+      return obj;
+    }
+    return Gas.from(obj);
+  }
+
   static empty() {
     return new Gas(0, 0);
   }
@@ -85,7 +106,7 @@ export class Gas {
 
   computeFee(gasFees: GasFees) {
     return GasDimensions.reduce(
-      (acc, dimension) => acc.add(gasFees.get(dimension).mul(new Fr(this.get(dimension)))),
+      (acc, dimension) => acc.add(new Fr(gasFees.get(dimension)).mul(new Fr(this.get(dimension)))),
       Fr.ZERO,
     );
   }

package/src/gas/gas_fees.ts

@@ -1,28 +1,35 @@
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { schemas } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
-import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer, serializeToFields } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
+import {
+  BufferReader,
+  FieldReader,
+  bigintToUInt128BE,
+  serializeToBuffer,
+  serializeToFields,
+} from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
 
 import { inspect } from 'util';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
+import type { UInt128 } from '../types/shared.js';
 import type { GasDimensions } from './gas.js';
 
 /** Gas prices for each dimension. */
 export class GasFees {
-  public readonly feePerDaGas: Fr;
-  public readonly feePerL2Gas: Fr;
+  public readonly feePerDaGas: UInt128;
+  public readonly feePerL2Gas: UInt128;
 
-  constructor(feePerDaGas: Fr | number | bigint, feePerL2Gas: Fr | number | bigint) {
-    this.feePerDaGas = new Fr(feePerDaGas);
-    this.feePerL2Gas = new Fr(feePerL2Gas);
+  constructor(feePerDaGas: number | bigint, feePerL2Gas: number | bigint) {
+    this.feePerDaGas = BigInt(feePerDaGas);
+    this.feePerL2Gas = BigInt(feePerL2Gas);
   }
 
   static get schema() {
     return z
       .object({
-        feePerDaGas: schemas.Fr,
-        feePerL2Gas: schemas.Fr,
+        feePerDaGas: schemas.BigInt,
+        feePerL2Gas: schemas.BigInt,
       })
       .transform(GasFees.from);
   }
@@ -32,7 +39,7 @@ export class GasFees {
   }
 
   equals(other: GasFees) {
-    return this.feePerDaGas.equals(other.feePerDaGas) && this.feePerL2Gas.equals(other.feePerL2Gas);
+    return this.feePerDaGas === other.feePerDaGas && this.feePerL2Gas === other.feePerL2Gas;
   }
 
   get(dimension: GasDimensions) {
@@ -48,11 +55,14 @@ export class GasFees {
     if (scalar === 1 || scalar === 1n) {
       return this.clone();
     } else if (typeof scalar === 'bigint') {
-      return new GasFees(new Fr(this.feePerDaGas.toBigInt() * scalar), new Fr(this.feePerL2Gas.toBigInt() * scalar));
+      return new GasFees(this.feePerDaGas * scalar, this.feePerL2Gas * scalar);
+    } else if (Number.isInteger(scalar)) {
+      const s = BigInt(scalar);
+      return new GasFees(this.feePerDaGas * s, this.feePerL2Gas * s);
     } else {
       return new GasFees(
-        new Fr(this.feePerDaGas.toNumberUnsafe() * scalar),
-        new Fr(this.feePerL2Gas.toNumberUnsafe() * scalar),
+        BigInt(Math.ceil(Number(this.feePerDaGas) * scalar)),
+        BigInt(Math.ceil(Number(this.feePerL2Gas) * scalar)),
       );
     }
   }
@@ -61,30 +71,44 @@ export class GasFees {
     return new GasFees(fields.feePerDaGas, fields.feePerL2Gas);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Creates a GasFees instance from a plain object without Zod validation.
+   * This method is optimized for performance and skips validation, making it suitable
+   * for deserializing trusted data (e.g., from C++ via MessagePack).
+   * @param obj - Plain object containing GasFees fields
+   * @returns A GasFees instance
+   */
+  static fromPlainObject(obj: any): GasFees {
+    if (obj instanceof GasFees) {
+      return obj;
+    }
+    return GasFees.from(obj);
+  }
+
   static random() {
-    return new GasFees(Fr.random(), Fr.random());
+    return new GasFees(Math.floor(Math.random() * 1e9), Math.floor(Math.random() * 1e9));
   }
 
   static empty() {
-    return new GasFees(Fr.ZERO, Fr.ZERO);
+    return new GasFees(0, 0);
   }
 
   isEmpty() {
-    return this.feePerDaGas.isZero() && this.feePerL2Gas.isZero();
+    return this.feePerDaGas === 0n && this.feePerL2Gas === 0n;
   }
 
   static fromBuffer(buffer: Buffer | BufferReader): GasFees {
     const reader = BufferReader.asReader(buffer);
-    return new GasFees(reader.readObject(Fr), reader.readObject(Fr));
+    return new GasFees(reader.readUInt128(), reader.readUInt128());
   }
 
   toBuffer() {
-    return serializeToBuffer(this.feePerDaGas, this.feePerL2Gas);
+    return serializeToBuffer(bigintToUInt128BE(this.feePerDaGas), bigintToUInt128BE(this.feePerL2Gas));
   }
 
   static fromFields(fields: Fr[] | FieldReader) {
     const reader = FieldReader.asReader(fields);
-    return new GasFees(reader.readField(), reader.readField());
+    return new GasFees(reader.readField().toBigInt(), reader.readField().toBigInt());
   }
 
   toFields() {
@@ -93,12 +117,12 @@ export class GasFees {
 
   toInspect() {
     return {
-      feePerDaGas: this.feePerDaGas.toNumberUnsafe(),
-      feePerL2Gas: this.feePerL2Gas.toNumberUnsafe(),
+      feePerDaGas: this.feePerDaGas,
+      feePerL2Gas: this.feePerL2Gas,
     };
   }
 
   [inspect.custom]() {
-    return `GasFees { feePerDaGas=${this.feePerDaGas.toBigInt()} feePerL2Gas=${this.feePerL2Gas.toBigInt()} }`;
+    return `GasFees { feePerDaGas=${this.feePerDaGas} feePerL2Gas=${this.feePerL2Gas} }`;
   }
 }

package/src/gas/gas_settings.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
-import { DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT, DEFAULT_TEARDOWN_GAS_LIMIT, GAS_SETTINGS_LENGTH } from '@aztec/constants';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import {
+  DEFAULT_DA_GAS_LIMIT,
+  DEFAULT_L2_GAS_LIMIT,
+  DEFAULT_TEARDOWN_DA_GAS_LIMIT,
+  DEFAULT_TEARDOWN_L2_GAS_LIMIT,
+  GAS_SETTINGS_LENGTH,
+} from '@aztec/constants';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer, serializeToFields } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
 
@@ -48,6 +54,25 @@ export class GasSettings {
     );
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Creates a GasSettings instance from a plain object without Zod validation.
+   * This method is optimized for performance and skips validation, making it suitable
+   * for deserializing trusted data (e.g., from C++ via MessagePack).
+   * @param obj - Plain object containing GasSettings fields
+   * @returns A GasSettings instance
+   */
+  static fromPlainObject(obj: any): GasSettings {
+    if (obj instanceof GasSettings) {
+      return obj;
+    }
+    return new GasSettings(
+      Gas.fromPlainObject(obj.gasLimits),
+      Gas.fromPlainObject(obj.teardownGasLimits),
+      GasFees.fromPlainObject(obj.maxFeesPerGas),
+      GasFees.fromPlainObject(obj.maxPriorityFeesPerGas),
+    );
+  }
+
   clone() {
     return new GasSettings(
       this.gasLimits.clone(),
@@ -60,11 +85,7 @@ export class GasSettings {
   /** Returns the maximum fee to be paid according to gas limits and max fees set. */
   getFeeLimit() {
     return GasDimensions.reduce(
-      (acc, dimension) =>
-        this.maxFeesPerGas
-          .get(dimension)
-          .mul(new Fr(this.gasLimits.get(dimension)))
-          .add(acc),
+      (acc, dimension) => new Fr(this.maxFeesPerGas.get(dimension)).mul(new Fr(this.gasLimits.get(dimension))).add(acc),
       Fr.ZERO,
     );
   }
@@ -82,10 +103,10 @@ export class GasSettings {
     maxPriorityFeesPerGas?: GasFees;
   }) {
     return GasSettings.from({
-      gasLimits: overrides.gasLimits ?? { l2Gas: DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT, daGas: DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT },
+      gasLimits: overrides.gasLimits ?? { l2Gas: DEFAULT_L2_GAS_LIMIT, daGas: DEFAULT_DA_GAS_LIMIT },
       teardownGasLimits: overrides.teardownGasLimits ?? {
-        l2Gas: DEFAULT_TEARDOWN_GAS_LIMIT,
-        daGas: DEFAULT_TEARDOWN_GAS_LIMIT,
+        l2Gas: DEFAULT_TEARDOWN_L2_GAS_LIMIT,
+        daGas: DEFAULT_TEARDOWN_DA_GAS_LIMIT,
       },
       maxFeesPerGas: overrides.maxFeesPerGas,
       maxPriorityFeesPerGas: overrides.maxPriorityFeesPerGas ?? GasFees.empty(),

package/src/gas/gas_used.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { Gas } from './gas.js';
+import { Gas } from './gas.js';
 
 export interface GasUsed {
   /**
@@ -21,3 +21,24 @@ export interface GasUsed {
    */
   billedGas: Gas;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Creates a GasUsed from a plain object without Zod validation.
+ * This method is optimized for performance and skips validation, making it suitable
+ * for deserializing trusted data (e.g., from C++ via MessagePack).
+ * @param obj - Plain object containing GasUsed fields
+ * @returns A GasUsed object
+ */
+export function gasUsedFromPlainObject(obj: any): GasUsed {
+  return {
+    totalGas: Gas.fromPlainObject(obj.totalGas),
+    publicGas: Gas.fromPlainObject(obj.publicGas),
+    teardownGas: Gas.fromPlainObject(obj.teardownGas),
+    billedGas: Gas.fromPlainObject(obj.billedGas),
+  };
+}
+
+// Export as a namespace to match the pattern
+export const GasUsed = {
+  fromPlainObject: gasUsedFromPlainObject,
+};