@aztec/simulator 4.0.0-nightly.20250907 → 4.0.0-nightly.20260107

package/src/public/avm/fixtures/avm_simulation_tester.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { encodeArguments } from '@aztec/stdlib/abi';
+import { PublicSimulatorConfig } from '@aztec/stdlib/avm';
 import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
 import { GasFees } from '@aztec/stdlib/gas';
 import type { MerkleTreeWriteOperations } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
@@ -37,9 +38,11 @@ export class AvmSimulationTester extends BaseAvmSimulationTester {
     super(contractDataSource, merkleTrees);
   }
 
-  static async create(): Promise<AvmSimulationTester> {
+  static async create(
+    worldStateService: NativeWorldStateService, // make sure to close this later
+  ): Promise<AvmSimulationTester> {
     const contractDataSource = new SimpleContractDataSource();
-    const merkleTrees = await (await NativeWorldStateService.tmp()).fork();
+    const merkleTrees = await worldStateService.fork();
     const treesDB = new PublicTreesDB(merkleTrees);
     const contractsDB = new PublicContractsDB(contractDataSource);
     const trace = new SideEffectTrace();
@@ -49,7 +52,6 @@ export class AvmSimulationTester extends BaseAvmSimulationTester {
       treesDB,
       contractsDB,
       trace,
-      /*doMerkleOperations=*/ false,
       firstNullifier,
       DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP,
     );
@@ -79,12 +81,20 @@ export class AvmSimulationTester extends BaseAvmSimulationTester {
     globals.timestamp = DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP;
     globals.gasFees = DEFAULT_GAS_FEES;
 
+    const config = PublicSimulatorConfig.from({
+      skipFeeEnforcement: false,
+      collectDebugLogs: true,
+      collectHints: false,
+      collectStatistics: false,
+      collectCallMetadata: true,
+    });
     const environment = initExecutionEnvironment({
       calldata,
       globals,
       address,
       sender,
       isStaticCall,
+      config,
     });
     const persistableState = await this.stateManager.fork();
     const context = initContext({ env: environment, persistableState });

package/src/public/avm/fixtures/base_avm_simulation_tester.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import { CONTRACT_INSTANCE_REGISTRY_CONTRACT_ADDRESS } from '@aztec/constants';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { ProtocolContractAddress } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts';
+import { getCanonicalAuthRegistry } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts/auth-registry';
 import { computeFeePayerBalanceStorageSlot, getCanonicalFeeJuice } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts/fee-juice';
+import { getCanonicalInstanceRegistry } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts/instance-registry';
 import type { ContractArtifact } from '@aztec/stdlib/abi';
 import { PublicDataWrite } from '@aztec/stdlib/avm';
 import { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
@@ -88,6 +90,36 @@ export abstract class BaseAvmSimulationTester {
     return feeJuice.instance;
   }
 
+  async registerAuthContract(): Promise<ContractInstanceWithAddress> {
+    const authRegistry = await getCanonicalAuthRegistry();
+    const authRegistryContractClassPublic = {
+      ...authRegistry.contractClass,
+      privateFunctions: [],
+      utilityFunctions: [],
+    };
+    await this.contractDataSource.addNewContract(
+      authRegistry.artifact,
+      authRegistryContractClassPublic,
+      authRegistry.instance,
+    );
+    return authRegistry.instance;
+  }
+
+  async registerInstanceRegistryContract(): Promise<ContractInstanceWithAddress> {
+    const instanceRegistry = await getCanonicalInstanceRegistry();
+    const instanceRegistryContractClassPublic = {
+      ...instanceRegistry.contractClass,
+      privateFunctions: [],
+      utilityFunctions: [],
+    };
+    await this.contractDataSource.addNewContract(
+      instanceRegistry.artifact,
+      instanceRegistryContractClassPublic,
+      instanceRegistry.instance,
+    );
+    return instanceRegistry.instance;
+  }
+
   async addContractInstance(contractInstance: ContractInstanceWithAddress, skipNullifierInsertion = false) {
     if (!skipNullifierInsertion) {
       await this.insertContractAddressNullifier(contractInstance.address);

package/src/public/avm/fixtures/initializers.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { AVM_MAX_PROCESSABLE_L2_GAS } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { BlockNumber, SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { PublicSimulatorConfig } from '@aztec/stdlib/avm';
 import { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
 import { GasFees } from '@aztec/stdlib/gas';
 import { GlobalVariables } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
@@ -43,7 +45,6 @@ export function initPersistableStateManager(overrides?: {
   trace?: PublicSideEffectTraceInterface;
   publicStorage?: PublicStorage;
   nullifiers?: NullifierManager;
-  doMerkleOperations?: boolean;
   firstNullifier?: Fr;
   timestamp?: UInt64;
 }): PublicPersistableStateManager {
@@ -54,9 +55,7 @@ export function initPersistableStateManager(overrides?: {
     overrides?.trace || mock<PublicSideEffectTraceInterface>(),
     overrides?.firstNullifier || new Fr(27),
     overrides?.timestamp || DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP,
-    overrides?.doMerkleOperations || false,
-    overrides?.publicStorage,
-    overrides?.nullifiers,
+    /*doMerkleOperations=*/ false,
   );
 }
 
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ export function initExecutionEnvironment(overrides?: Partial<AvmExecutionEnviron
     overrides?.globals ?? GlobalVariables.empty(),
     overrides?.isStaticCall ?? false,
     overrides?.calldata ?? [],
-    overrides?.clientInitiatedSimulation ?? true, // default to true for testing even though internal default is false
+    overrides?.config ?? PublicSimulatorConfig.empty(),
   );
 }
 
@@ -83,8 +82,8 @@ export function initGlobalVariables(overrides?: Partial<GlobalVariables>): Globa
   return new GlobalVariables(
     overrides?.chainId ?? Fr.zero(),
     overrides?.version ?? Fr.zero(),
-    overrides?.blockNumber ?? 0,
-    overrides?.slotNumber ?? Fr.zero(),
+    overrides?.blockNumber ?? BlockNumber.ZERO,
+    overrides?.slotNumber ?? SlotNumber.ZERO,
     overrides?.timestamp ?? 0n,
     overrides?.coinbase ?? EthAddress.ZERO,
     overrides?.feeRecipient ?? AztecAddress.zero(),

package/src/public/avm/fixtures/utils.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { CONTRACT_INSTANCE_REGISTRY_CONTRACT_ADDRESS } from '@aztec/constants';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { BlockNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import {
   type ContractArtifact,
   type FunctionAbi,
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ import type { AvmRevertReason } from '../errors.js';
 
 export const PUBLIC_DISPATCH_FN_NAME = 'public_dispatch';
 export const DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP: UInt64 = 99833n;
-export const DEFAULT_BLOCK_NUMBER = 42;
+export const DEFAULT_BLOCK_NUMBER = BlockNumber(42);
 
 /**
  * Create a new object with all the same properties as the original, except for the ones in the overrides object.

package/src/public/avm/opcodes/accrued_substate.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { NullifierCollisionError } from '../../state_manager/nullifiers.js';
+import { NullifierCollisionError } from '../../side_effect_errors.js';
 import type { AvmContext } from '../avm_context.js';
 import { TypeTag, Uint1 } from '../avm_memory_types.js';
 import { InstructionExecutionError, StaticCallAlterationError } from '../errors.js';
@@ -219,8 +219,8 @@ export class EmitUnencryptedLog extends Instruction {
 
   constructor(
     private indirect: number,
-    private logOffset: number,
     private logSizeOffset: number,
+    private logOffset: number,
   ) {
     super();
   }
@@ -237,15 +237,15 @@ export class EmitUnencryptedLog extends Instruction {
       this.baseGasCost(addressing.indirectOperandsCount(), addressing.relativeOperandsCount()),
     );
 
-    const operands = [this.logOffset, this.logSizeOffset];
-    const [logOffset, logSizeOffset] = addressing.resolve(operands, memory);
+    const operands = [this.logSizeOffset, this.logOffset];
+    const [logSizeOffset, logOffset] = addressing.resolve(operands, memory);
     memory.checkTag(TypeTag.UINT32, logSizeOffset);
     const logSize = memory.get(logSizeOffset).toNumber();
-    memory.checkTagsRange(TypeTag.FIELD, logOffset, logSize);
 
     const contractAddress = context.environment.address;
 
     context.machineState.consumeGas(this.dynamicGasCost(logSize));
+    memory.checkTagsRange(TypeTag.FIELD, logOffset, logSize);
     const log = memory.getSlice(logOffset, logSize).map(f => f.toFr());
     context.persistableState.writePublicLog(contractAddress, log);
   }

package/src/public/avm/opcodes/addressing_mode.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { AVM_MAX_OPERANDS } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { padArrayEnd } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import type { Tuple } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 
+import { strict as assert } from 'assert';
+
 import { MemoryValue, TaggedMemory, type TaggedMemoryInterface, TypeTag } from '../avm_memory_types.js';
 import { RelativeAddressOutOfRangeError, TagCheckError } from '../errors.js';
 
@@ -20,9 +22,7 @@ export class Addressing {
   ) {}
 
   public static fromModes(modes: AddressingMode[]): Addressing {
-    if (modes.length > AVM_MAX_OPERANDS) {
-      throw new Error('Too many operands for addressing mode');
-    }
+    assert(modes.length <= AVM_MAX_OPERANDS, 'Too many operands for addressing mode');
     return new Addressing(padArrayEnd(modes, AddressingMode.DIRECT, AVM_MAX_OPERANDS));
   }
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export class Addressing {
           baseAddr = mem.get(0);
           const baseAddrTag = baseAddr.getTag();
           if (!TaggedMemory.isValidMemoryAddressTag(baseAddrTag!)) {
-            throw TagCheckError.forOffset(0, TypeTag[baseAddrTag!], TypeTag[TypeTag.UINT32]);
+            throw TagCheckError.forBaseAddress(TypeTag[baseAddrTag!]);
           }
         }
         // Here we know that resolved[i] is at most 32 bits and baseAddr is at most 32 bits.
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ export class Addressing {
 
         // Final check.
         if (!TaggedMemory.isValidMemoryAddressTag(resolvedTag)) {
-          throw TagCheckError.forOffset(resolved[i], TypeTag[resolvedTag], TypeTag[TypeTag.UINT32]);
+          throw TagCheckError.forIndirectAddress(resolved[i], TypeTag[resolvedTag]);
         }
 
         resolved[i] = Number(resolvedValue.toBigInt());

package/src/public/avm/opcodes/arithmetic.ts

@@ -88,7 +88,9 @@ export class FieldDiv extends ThreeOperandArithmeticInstruction {
   static readonly opcode = Opcode.FDIV_8; // FIXME: needed for gas.
 
   protected compute(a: Field, b: Field): Field {
-    // return (a as Field).fdiv(b as Field);
+    if (b.toBigInt() === 0n) {
+      throw new ArithmeticError('Division by zero');
+    }
     return a.fdiv(b);
   }
 
@@ -105,6 +107,11 @@ export class Shl extends ThreeOperandArithmeticInstruction {
   protected override compute(a: IntegralValue, b: IntegralValue): IntegralValue {
     return a.shl(b);
   }
+
+  protected override checkTags(memory: TaggedMemoryInterface, aOffset: number, bOffset: number) {
+    memory.checkTagsAreSame(aOffset, bOffset);
+    TaggedMemory.checkIsIntegralTag(memory.getTag(aOffset)); // Follows that bOffset tag is also of integral type
+  }
 }
 
 export class Shr extends ThreeOperandArithmeticInstruction {
@@ -114,4 +121,9 @@ export class Shr extends ThreeOperandArithmeticInstruction {
   protected override compute(a: IntegralValue, b: IntegralValue): IntegralValue {
     return a.shr(b);
   }
+
+  protected override checkTags(memory: TaggedMemoryInterface, aOffset: number, bOffset: number) {
+    memory.checkTagsAreSame(aOffset, bOffset);
+    TaggedMemory.checkIsIntegralTag(memory.getTag(aOffset)); // Follows that bOffset tag is also of integral type
+  }
 }

package/src/public/avm/opcodes/conversion.ts

@@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ export class ToRadixBE extends Instruction {
       value /= radixBN;
     }
 
+    if (value !== 0n) {
+      throw new InvalidToRadixInputsError(`Field failed to decompose in ${numLimbs} limbs.`);
+    }
+
     const outputType = outputBits != 0 ? Uint1 : Uint8;
     const res = limbArray.map(byte => new outputType(byte));
     memory.setSlice(dstOffset, res);

package/src/public/avm/opcodes/ec_add.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-import { Grumpkin } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto';
-import { Point } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Grumpkin } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/grumpkin';
+import { Point } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/grumpkin';
 
 import type { AvmContext } from '../avm_context.js';
 import { Field, TypeTag, Uint1 } from '../avm_memory_types.js';
+import { EcAddPointNotOnCurveError } from '../errors.js';
 import { Opcode, OperandType } from '../serialization/instruction_serialization.js';
 import { Addressing } from './addressing_mode.js';
 import { Instruction } from './instruction.js';
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ export class EcAdd extends Instruction {
     const p1IsInfinite = memory.get(p1IsInfiniteOffset).toNumber() === 1;
     const p1 = new Point(p1X.toFr(), p1Y.toFr(), p1IsInfinite);
     if (!p1.isOnGrumpkin()) {
-      throw new Error(`Point1 is not on the curve`);
+      throw new EcAddPointNotOnCurveError(/*pointIndex=*/ 1, p1);
     }
 
     const p2X = memory.get(p2XOffset);
@@ -74,17 +75,16 @@ export class EcAdd extends Instruction {
     const p2IsInfinite = memory.get(p2IsInfiniteOffset).toNumber() === 1;
     const p2 = new Point(p2X.toFr(), p2Y.toFr(), p2IsInfinite);
     if (!p2.isOnGrumpkin()) {
-      throw new Error(`Point1 is not on the curve`);
+      throw new EcAddPointNotOnCurveError(/*pointIndex=*/ 2, p2);
     }
 
-    const grumpkin = new Grumpkin();
     let dest;
     if (p1IsInfinite) {
       dest = p2;
     } else if (p2IsInfinite) {
       dest = p1;
     } else {
-      dest = await grumpkin.add(p1, p2);
+      dest = await Grumpkin.add(p1, p2);
     }
 
     // Important to use setSlice() and not set() in the two following statements as

package/src/public/avm/opcodes/environment_getters.ts

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ export enum EnvironmentVariable {
   DAGASLEFT,
 }
 
-function getValue(e: EnvironmentVariable, ctx: AvmContext) {
-  switch (e) {
+function getValue(varEnum: EnvironmentVariable, ctx: AvmContext) {
+  switch (varEnum) {
     case EnvironmentVariable.ADDRESS:
       return new Field(ctx.environment.address.toField());
     case EnvironmentVariable.SENDER:
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ function getValue(e: EnvironmentVariable, ctx: AvmContext) {
     case EnvironmentVariable.DAGASLEFT:
       return new Uint32(ctx.machineState.daGasLeft);
     default:
-      throw new Error(`Unknown environment variable ${e}`);
+      throw new InstructionExecutionError(`Invalid GETENVVAR var enum ${varEnum}`);
   }
 }
 
@@ -77,13 +77,11 @@ export class GetEnvVar extends Instruction {
       this.baseGasCost(addressing.indirectOperandsCount(), addressing.relativeOperandsCount()),
     );
 
-    if (!(this.varEnum in EnvironmentVariable)) {
-      throw new InstructionExecutionError(`Invalid GETENVVAR var enum ${this.varEnum}`);
-    }
-
     const operands = [this.dstOffset];
     const [dstOffset] = addressing.resolve(operands, memory);
 
-    memory.set(dstOffset, getValue(this.varEnum as EnvironmentVariable, context));
+    const value = getValue(this.varEnum as EnvironmentVariable, context);
+
+    memory.set(dstOffset, value);
   }
 }

package/src/public/avm/opcodes/external_calls.ts

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ abstract class ExternalCall extends Instruction {
     memory.checkTag(TypeTag.UINT32, argsSizeOffset);
 
     const calldataSize = memory.get(argsSizeOffset).toNumber();
+    // This is a DOS vector. CalldataSize is chosen by the bytecode, and can be arbitrarily large leading to a OOM here.
     const calldata = memory.getSlice(argsOffset, calldataSize).map(f => f.toFr());
-    memory.checkTagsRange(TypeTag.FIELD, argsOffset, calldataSize);
 
     const callAddress = memory.getAs<Field>(addrOffset);
     // If we are already in a static call, we propagate the environment.

package/src/public/avm/opcodes/hashing.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-import { keccakf1600, poseidon2Permutation, sha256Compression } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto';
+import { keccakf1600 } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/keccak';
+import { poseidon2Permutation } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/poseidon';
+import { sha256Compression } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/sha256';
 
 import type { AvmContext } from '../avm_context.js';
 import { Field, TypeTag, Uint32, Uint64 } from '../avm_memory_types.js';
@@ -130,13 +132,17 @@ export class Sha256Compression extends Instruction {
     const [outputOffset, stateOffset, inputsOffset] = addressing.resolve(operands, memory);
 
     // Note: size of output is same as size of state
-    const inputs = Uint32Array.from(memory.getSlice(inputsOffset, INPUTS_SIZE).map(word => word.toNumber()));
-    const state = Uint32Array.from(memory.getSlice(stateOffset, STATE_SIZE).map(word => word.toNumber()));
+    const inputs = memory.getSlice(inputsOffset, INPUTS_SIZE).map(word => word.toBigInt());
+    const state = memory.getSlice(stateOffset, STATE_SIZE).map(word => word.toBigInt());
 
     memory.checkTagsRange(TypeTag.UINT32, inputsOffset, INPUTS_SIZE);
     memory.checkTagsRange(TypeTag.UINT32, stateOffset, STATE_SIZE);
 
-    const output = sha256Compression(state, inputs);
+    // At this point both state and inputs are Uint32Array-compatible
+    const inputsArray = new Uint32Array(inputs.map(i => Number(i)));
+    const stateArray = new Uint32Array(state.map(i => Number(i)));
+
+    const output = sha256Compression(stateArray, inputsArray);
 
     // Conversion required from Uint32Array to Uint32[] (can't map directly, need `...`)
     const res = [...output].map(word => new Uint32(word));

package/src/public/avm/opcodes/instruction.ts

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ export abstract class Instruction {
    * @returns Thee string representation.
    */
   public toString(): string {
+    // Note: we could have this be the actual wire opcode if `bytecode_serialization.ts` were to
+    // pass it into the class' static `Instruction.as(this, wireFormat)` method.
     let instructionStr = this.constructor.name + ': ';
     // assumes that all properties are flags or operands
     for (const prop of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this) as (keyof Instruction)[]) {
@@ -114,9 +116,7 @@ export abstract class Instruction {
    */
   public get type(): string {
     const type = 'type' in this.constructor && (this.constructor.type as string);
-    if (!type) {
-      throw new Error(`Instruction class ${this.constructor.name} does not have a static 'type' property defined.`);
-    }
+    assert(!!type, `Instruction class ${this.constructor.name} does not have a static 'type' property defined.`);
     return type;
   }
 
@@ -126,9 +126,11 @@ export abstract class Instruction {
    */
   public get opcode(): Opcode {
     const opcode = 'opcode' in this.constructor ? (this.constructor.opcode as Opcode) : undefined;
-    if (opcode === undefined || Opcode[opcode] === undefined) {
-      throw new Error(`Instruction class ${this.constructor.name} does not have a static 'opcode' property defined.`);
-    }
+    assert(
+      opcode !== undefined,
+      `Instruction class ${this.constructor.name} does not have a static 'opcode' property defined.`,
+    );
+    assert(Opcode[opcode] !== undefined, `Invalid opcode ${opcode} for instruction class ${this.constructor.name}.`);
     return opcode;
   }
 }

package/src/public/avm/opcodes/memory.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 
 import { strict as assert } from 'assert';
 

package/src/public/avm/opcodes/misc.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { applyStringFormatting, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { LogLevels, applyStringFormatting, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 
 import type { AvmContext } from '../avm_context.js';
 import { TypeTag } from '../avm_memory_types.js';
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ export class DebugLog extends Instruction {
   static readonly wireFormat: OperandType[] = [
     OperandType.UINT8, // Opcode
     OperandType.UINT8, // Indirect
+    OperandType.UINT16, // level memory address
     OperandType.UINT16, // message memory address
     OperandType.UINT16, // fields memory address
     OperandType.UINT16, // fields size address
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ export class DebugLog extends Instruction {
 
   constructor(
     private indirect: number,
+    private levelOffset: number,
     private messageOffset: number,
     private fieldsOffset: number,
     private fieldsSizeOffset: number,
@@ -39,16 +41,30 @@ export class DebugLog extends Instruction {
       this.baseGasCost(addressing.indirectOperandsCount(), addressing.relativeOperandsCount()),
     );
 
-    const operands = [this.messageOffset, this.fieldsOffset, this.fieldsSizeOffset];
-    const [messageOffset, fieldsOffset, fieldsSizeOffset] = addressing.resolve(operands, memory);
+    const operands = [this.levelOffset, this.messageOffset, this.fieldsOffset, this.fieldsSizeOffset];
+    const [levelOffset, messageOffset, fieldsOffset, fieldsSizeOffset] = addressing.resolve(operands, memory);
 
-    // DebugLog is a no-op except when doing client-initiated simulation with debug logging enabled.
+    // DebugLog is a no-op except unless the config is set to collect debug logs.
     // Note that we still do address resolution and basic tag-checking (above)
     // To avoid a special-case in the witness generator and circuit.
-    if (context.environment.clientInitiatedSimulation && DebugLog.logger.isLevelEnabled('verbose')) {
+    if (context.environment.config.collectDebugLogs) {
+      memory.checkTag(TypeTag.UINT8, levelOffset);
+      const levelNumber = memory.get(levelOffset).toNumber();
       memory.checkTag(TypeTag.UINT32, fieldsSizeOffset);
       const fieldsSize = memory.get(fieldsSizeOffset).toNumber();
 
+      const memoryReads = 1 /* level */ + 1 /* fieldsSize */ + this.messageSize /* message */ + fieldsSize; /* fields */
+      if (
+        context.persistableState.getDebugLogMemoryReads() + memoryReads >
+        context.environment.config.collectionLimits.maxDebugLogMemoryReads
+      ) {
+        // Regular error on purpose: this is not a recoverable error.
+        throw new Error(
+          `Max debug log memory reads exceeded: ${context.persistableState.getDebugLogMemoryReads() + memoryReads} > ${context.environment.config.collectionLimits.maxDebugLogMemoryReads}`,
+        );
+      }
+      context.persistableState.writeDebugLogMemoryReads(memoryReads);
+
       const rawMessage = memory.getSlice(messageOffset, this.messageSize);
       const fields = memory.getSlice(fieldsOffset, fieldsSize);
 
@@ -57,12 +73,30 @@ export class DebugLog extends Instruction {
 
       // Interpret str<N> = [u8; N] to string.
       const messageAsStr = rawMessage.map(field => String.fromCharCode(field.toNumber())).join('');
-      const formattedStr = applyStringFormatting(
+
+      if (!LogLevels[levelNumber]) {
+        // Regular error on purpose: this is not a recoverable error.
+        throw new Error(`Invalid debug log level: ${levelNumber}`);
+      }
+
+      const level = LogLevels[levelNumber];
+
+      context.persistableState.writeDebugLog(
+        context.environment.address,
+        level,
         messageAsStr,
         fields.map(field => field.toFr()),
       );
 
-      DebugLog.logger.verbose(formattedStr);
+      // Skips string formatting if the level is disabled.
+      if (DebugLog.logger.isLevelEnabled(level)) {
+        const formattedStr = applyStringFormatting(
+          messageAsStr,
+          fields.map(field => field.toFr()),
+        );
+
+        DebugLog.logger[level](formattedStr);
+      }
     }
   }
 }

package/src/public/avm/revert_reason.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 
 import type { AvmContext } from './avm_context.js';
 import { type AvmExecutionError, AvmRevertReason } from './errors.js';
@@ -18,13 +18,16 @@ async function createRevertReason(message: string, revertData: Fr[], context: Av
     message = context.machineState.collectedRevertInfo.recursiveRevertReason.message;
   }
 
-  const fnName = await context.persistableState.getPublicFunctionDebugName(context.environment);
+  const { functionSelector, functionName } = await context.persistableState.getPublicFunctionSelectorAndName(
+    context.environment,
+  );
 
   return new AvmRevertReason(
     message,
     /*failingFunction=*/ {
       contractAddress: context.environment.address,
-      functionName: fnName,
+      functionSelector,
+      functionName,
     },
     /*noirCallStack=*/ [...internalCallStack, context.machineState.pc].map(pc => `0.${pc}`),
     /*options=*/ { cause: nestedError },

package/src/public/avm/serialization/bytecode_serialization.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 import { type Bufferable, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 
-import { AvmExecutionError, AvmParsingError, InvalidOpcodeError, InvalidProgramCounterError } from '../errors.js';
+import {
+  AvmExecutionError,
+  AvmParsingError,
+  InvalidOpcodeError,
+  InvalidProgramCounterError,
+  InvalidTagValueError,
+  duringInstrFetch,
+} from '../errors.js';
 import {
   Add,
   And,
@@ -172,7 +179,7 @@ export function decodeInstructionFromBytecode(
   instructionSet: InstructionSet = INSTRUCTION_SET,
 ): [Instruction, number] {
   if (pc >= bytecode.length) {
-    throw new InvalidProgramCounterError(pc, bytecode.length);
+    throw new InvalidProgramCounterError(pc, bytecode.length - 1);
   }
 
   try {
@@ -182,7 +189,7 @@ export function decodeInstructionFromBytecode(
 
     if (opcode > MAX_OPCODE_VALUE) {
       throw new InvalidOpcodeError(
-        `Opcode ${opcode} (0x${opcode.toString(16)}) value is not in the range of valid opcodes.`,
+        `Opcode ${opcode} (0x${opcode.toString(16)}) value is not in the range of valid opcodes (at PC ${pc}).`,
       );
     }
 
@@ -192,13 +199,17 @@ export function decodeInstructionFromBytecode(
     }
 
     const instructionDeserializer: InstructionDeserializer = instructionDeserializerOrUndef;
+
     const instruction = instructionDeserializer(cursor);
     return [instruction, cursor.position() - startingPosition];
   } catch (error) {
-    if (error instanceof InvalidOpcodeError || error instanceof AvmExecutionError) {
-      throw error;
+    if (error instanceof InvalidTagValueError || error instanceof InvalidOpcodeError) {
+      throw duringInstrFetch(error, pc);
+    } else if (error instanceof AvmExecutionError) {
+      throw new AvmParsingError(`Instruction parsing error at pc ${pc}: ${error.message}`);
     } else {
-      throw new AvmParsingError(`${error}`);
+      const msg = error instanceof Error ? `: ${error.message}` : '';
+      throw new AvmParsingError(`Instruction fetching error at pc ${pc}${msg}`);
     }
   }
 }

package/src/public/avm/serialization/instruction_serialization.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 
 import { strict as assert } from 'assert';
 
@@ -124,6 +124,18 @@ const OPERAND_SPEC = new Map<OperandType, [number, (offset: number) => OperandNa
   [OperandType.TAG, [1, Buffer.prototype.readUint8, Buffer.prototype.writeUint8]],
 ]);
 
+/**
+ * Returns the size of an operand in bytes.
+ * Should not be called with unknown operand types.
+ * @param operandType
+ * @returns number size in bytes
+ * @throws AssertionError if the operand type is unknown
+ */
+export function getOperandSize(operandType: OperandType): number {
+  assert(OPERAND_SPEC.has(operandType), `Unknown operand type: ${operandType}`);
+  return OPERAND_SPEC.get(operandType)![0];
+}
+
 function readUintBE(buf: Buffer, offset: number, totalBytes: number): bigint {
   let value: bigint = 0n;
   for (let i = 0; i < totalBytes; ++i) {