@aztec/sequencer-client 2.0.3-rc.9 → 2.0.4

package/dest/sequencer/sequencer.d.ts

@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ export declare class Sequencer extends Sequencer_base {
     private metrics;
     private lastBlockPublished;
     private governanceProposerPayload;
+    /** The last slot for which we attempted to vote when sync failed, to prevent duplicate attempts. */
+    private lastSlotForVoteWhenSyncFailed;
     /** The maximum number of seconds that the sequencer can be into a slot to transition to a particular state. */
     protected timetable: SequencerTimetable;
     protected enforceTimeTable: boolean;
@@ -127,8 +129,10 @@ export declare class Sequencer extends Sequencer_base {
      *          - Submit block
      *          - If our block for some reason is not included, revert the state
      */
-    protected doRealWork(): Promise<void>;
     protected work(): Promise<void>;
+    /** Tries building a block proposal, and if successful, enqueues it for publishing. */
+    private tryBuildBlockAndEnqueuePublish;
+    protected safeWork(): Promise<void>;
     /**
      * Sets the sequencer state and checks if we have enough time left in the slot to transition to the new state.
      * @param proposedState - The new state to transition to.
@@ -164,22 +168,47 @@ export declare class Sequencer extends Sequencer_base {
     /**
      * Returns whether all dependencies have caught up.
      * We don't check against the previous block submitted since it may have been reorg'd out.
-     * @returns Boolean indicating if our dependencies are synced to the latest block.
      */
-    protected getChainTip(): Promise<{
+    protected checkSync(args: {
+        ts: bigint;
+        slot: bigint;
+    }): Promise<{
         block?: L2Block;
         blockNumber: number;
         archive: Fr;
         l1Timestamp: bigint;
         pendingChainValidationStatus: ValidateBlockResult;
     } | undefined>;
+    /**
+     * Enqueues governance and slashing votes with the publisher. Does not block.
+     * @param publisher - The publisher to enqueue votes with
+     * @param attestorAddress - The attestor address to use for signing
+     * @param slot - The slot number
+     * @param timestamp - The timestamp for the votes
+     * @param context - Optional context for logging (e.g., block number)
+     * @returns A tuple of [governanceEnqueued, slashingEnqueued]
+     */
+    protected enqueueGovernanceAndSlashingVotes(publisher: SequencerPublisher, attestorAddress: EthAddress, slot: bigint, timestamp: bigint): [Promise<boolean> | undefined, Promise<boolean> | undefined];
+    /**
+     * Checks if we are the proposer for the next slot.
+     * @returns True if we can propose, and the proposer address (undefined if anyone can propose)
+     */
+    protected checkCanPropose(slot: bigint): Promise<[boolean, EthAddress | undefined]>;
+    /**
+     * Tries to vote on slashing actions and governance when the sync check fails but we're past the max time for initializing a proposal.
+     * This allows the sequencer to participate in governance/slashing votes even when it cannot build blocks.
+     */
+    protected tryVoteWhenSyncFails(args: {
+        slot: bigint;
+        ts: bigint;
+    }): Promise<void>;
     /**
      * Considers invalidating a block if the pending chain is invalid. Depends on how long the invalid block
      * has been there without being invalidated and whether the sequencer is in the committee or not. We always
      * have the proposer try to invalidate, but if they fail, the sequencers in the committee are expected to try,
      * and if they fail, any sequencer will try as well.
      */
-    protected considerInvalidatingBlock(syncedTo: NonNullable<Awaited<ReturnType<Sequencer['getChainTip']>>>, currentSlot: bigint, ourValidatorAddresses: EthAddress[], publisher: SequencerPublisher): Promise<void>;
+    protected considerInvalidatingBlock(syncedTo: NonNullable<Awaited<ReturnType<Sequencer['checkSync']>>>, currentSlot: bigint): Promise<void>;
     private getSlotStartBuildTimestamp;
     private getSecondsIntoSlot;
     get aztecSlotDuration(): number;

package/dest/sequencer/sequencer.d.ts.map

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package/dest/sequencer/sequencer.js

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ export { SequencerState };
     metrics;
     lastBlockPublished;
     governanceProposerPayload;
+    /** The last slot for which we attempted to vote when sync failed, to prevent duplicate attempts. */ lastSlotForVoteWhenSyncFailed;
     /** The maximum number of seconds that the sequencer can be into a slot to transition to a particular state. */ timetable;
     enforceTimeTable;
     // This shouldn't be here as this gets re-created each time we build/propose a block.
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ export { SequencerState };
    * Starts the sequencer and moves to IDLE state.
    */ start() {
         this.metrics.start();
-        this.runningPromise = new RunningPromise(this.work.bind(this), this.log, this.pollingIntervalMs);
+        this.runningPromise = new RunningPromise(this.safeWork.bind(this), this.log, this.pollingIntervalMs);
         this.setState(SequencerState.IDLE, undefined, {
             force: true
         });
@@ -176,21 +177,28 @@ export { SequencerState };
    *          - Collect attestations for the block
    *          - Submit block
    *          - If our block for some reason is not included, revert the state
-   */ async doRealWork() {
+   */ async work() {
         this.setState(SequencerState.SYNCHRONIZING, undefined);
-        // Check all components are synced to latest as seen by the archiver
-        const syncedTo = await this.getChainTip();
-        // Do not go forward with new block if the previous one has not been mined and processed
+        const { slot, ts, now } = this.epochCache.getEpochAndSlotInNextL1Slot();
+        // Check we have not already published a block for this slot (cheapest check)
+        if (this.lastBlockPublished && this.lastBlockPublished.header.getSlot() >= slot) {
+            this.log.debug(`Cannot propose block at next L2 slot ${slot} since that slot was taken by our own block ${this.lastBlockPublished.number}`);
+            return;
+        }
+        // Check all components are synced to latest as seen by the archiver (queries all subsystems)
+        const syncedTo = await this.checkSync({
+            ts,
+            slot
+        });
         if (!syncedTo) {
+            await this.tryVoteWhenSyncFails({
+                slot,
+                ts
+            });
             return;
         }
         const chainTipArchive = syncedTo.archive;
         const newBlockNumber = syncedTo.blockNumber + 1;
-        const { slot, ts, now } = this.epochCache.getEpochAndSlotInNextL1Slot();
-        this.setState(SequencerState.PROPOSER_CHECK, slot);
-        // Check that the archiver and dependencies have synced to the previous L1 slot at least
-        // TODO(#14766): Archiver reports L1 timestamp based on L1 blocks seen, which means that a missed L1 block will
-        // cause the archiver L1 timestamp to fall behind, and cause this sequencer to start processing one L1 slot later.
         const syncLogData = {
             now,
             syncedToL1Ts: syncedTo.l1Timestamp,
@@ -201,60 +209,26 @@ export { SequencerState };
             newBlockNumber,
             isPendingChainValid: pick(syncedTo.pendingChainValidationStatus, 'valid', 'reason', 'invalidIndex')
         };
-        if (syncedTo.l1Timestamp + BigInt(this.l1Constants.ethereumSlotDuration) < ts) {
-            this.log.debug(`Cannot propose block ${newBlockNumber} at next L2 slot ${slot} due to pending sync from L1`, syncLogData);
-            return;
-        }
-        // Check that the slot is not taken by a block already
+        // Check that the slot is not taken by a block already (should never happen, since only us can propose for this slot)
         if (syncedTo.block && syncedTo.block.header.getSlot() >= slot) {
-            this.log.debug(`Cannot propose block at next L2 slot ${slot} since that slot was taken by block ${syncedTo.blockNumber}`, {
+            this.log.warn(`Cannot propose block at next L2 slot ${slot} since that slot was taken by block ${syncedTo.blockNumber}`, {
                 ...syncLogData,
                 block: syncedTo.block.header.toInspect()
             });
             return;
         }
-        // Or that we haven't published it ourselves
-        if (this.lastBlockPublished && this.lastBlockPublished.header.getSlot() >= slot) {
-            this.log.debug(`Cannot propose block at next L2 slot ${slot} since that slot was taken by our own block ${this.lastBlockPublished.number}`, {
-                ...syncLogData,
-                block: this.lastBlockPublished.header.toInspect()
-            });
-            return;
-        }
         // Check that we are a proposer for the next slot
-        let proposerInNextSlot;
-        try {
-            proposerInNextSlot = await this.epochCache.getProposerAttesterAddressInNextSlot();
-        } catch (e) {
-            if (e instanceof NoCommitteeError) {
-                this.log.warn(`Cannot propose block ${newBlockNumber} at next L2 slot ${slot} since the committee does not exist on L1`);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-        // If get proposer in next slot is undefined, then the committee is empty and anyone may propose.
-        // If the committee is defined and not empty, but none of our validators are the proposer, then stop.
-        const validatorAddresses = this.validatorClient.getValidatorAddresses();
-        if (proposerInNextSlot !== undefined && !validatorAddresses.some((addr)=>addr.equals(proposerInNextSlot))) {
-            this.log.debug(`Cannot propose block ${newBlockNumber} since we are not a proposer`, {
-                us: validatorAddresses,
-                proposer: proposerInNextSlot,
-                ...syncLogData
-            });
-            // If the pending chain is invalid, we may need to invalidate the block if no one else is doing it.
-            if (!syncedTo.pendingChainValidationStatus.valid) {
-                // We pass i undefined here to get any available publisher.
-                const { publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(undefined);
-                await this.considerInvalidatingBlock(syncedTo, slot, validatorAddresses, publisher);
-            }
+        this.setState(SequencerState.PROPOSER_CHECK, slot);
+        const [canPropose, proposer] = await this.checkCanPropose(slot);
+        // If we are not a proposer, check if we should invalidate a invalid block, and bail
+        if (!canPropose) {
+            await this.considerInvalidatingBlock(syncedTo, slot);
             return;
         }
-        // Check with the rollup if we can indeed propose at the next L2 slot. This check should not fail
-        // if all the previous checks are good, but we do it just in case.
-        const proposerAddressInNextSlot = proposerInNextSlot ?? EthAddress.ZERO;
         // We now need to get ourselves a publisher.
         // The returned attestor will be the one we provided if we provided one.
         // Otherwise it will be a valid attestor for the returned publisher.
-        const { attestorAddress, publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(proposerInNextSlot);
+        const { attestorAddress, publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(proposer);
         this.log.verbose(`Created publisher at address ${publisher.getSenderAddress()} for attestor ${attestorAddress}`);
         this.publisher = publisher;
         const coinbase = this.validatorClient.getCoinbaseForAttestor(attestorAddress);
@@ -262,7 +236,9 @@ export { SequencerState };
         this.metrics.setCoinbase(coinbase);
         // Prepare invalidation request if the pending chain is invalid (returns undefined if no need)
         const invalidateBlock = await publisher.simulateInvalidateBlock(syncedTo.pendingChainValidationStatus);
-        const canProposeCheck = await publisher.canProposeAtNextEthBlock(chainTipArchive, proposerAddressInNextSlot, invalidateBlock);
+        // Check with the rollup if we can indeed propose at the next L2 slot. This check should not fail
+        // if all the previous checks are good, but we do it just in case.
+        const canProposeCheck = await publisher.canProposeAtNextEthBlock(chainTipArchive, proposer ?? EthAddress.ZERO, invalidateBlock);
         if (canProposeCheck === undefined) {
             this.log.warn(`Cannot propose block ${newBlockNumber} at slot ${slot} due to failed rollup contract check`, syncLogData);
             this.emit('proposer-rollup-check-failed', {
@@ -292,42 +268,45 @@ export { SequencerState };
             });
             return;
         }
-        this.log.debug(`Can propose block ${newBlockNumber} at slot ${slot}` + (proposerInNextSlot ? ` as ${proposerInNextSlot}` : ''), {
-            ...syncLogData,
-            validatorAddresses
+        this.log.debug(`Can propose block ${newBlockNumber} at slot ${slot} as ${proposer}`, {
+            ...syncLogData
         });
         const newGlobalVariables = await this.globalsBuilder.buildGlobalVariables(newBlockNumber, coinbase, feeRecipient, slot);
-        const { timestamp } = newGlobalVariables;
-        const signerFn = (msg)=>this.validatorClient.signWithAddress(attestorAddress, msg).then((s)=>s.toString());
-        const enqueueGovernanceSignalPromise = this.governanceProposerPayload && !this.governanceProposerPayload.isZero() ? publisher.enqueueGovernanceCastSignal(this.governanceProposerPayload, slot, timestamp, attestorAddress, signerFn).catch((err)=>{
-            this.log.error(`Error enqueuing governance vote`, err, {
-                blockNumber: newBlockNumber,
-                slot
-            });
-            return false;
-        }) : Promise.resolve(false);
-        const enqueueSlashingActionsPromise = this.slasherClient ? this.slasherClient.getProposerActions(slot).then((actions)=>publisher.enqueueSlashingActions(actions, slot, timestamp, attestorAddress, signerFn)).catch((err)=>{
-            this.log.error(`Error enqueuing slashing actions`, err, {
-                blockNumber: newBlockNumber,
-                slot
-            });
-            return false;
-        }) : Promise.resolve(false);
+        // Enqueue governance and slashing votes (returns promises that will be awaited later)
+        const votesPromises = this.enqueueGovernanceAndSlashingVotes(publisher, attestorAddress, slot, newGlobalVariables.timestamp);
+        // Enqueues block invalidation
         if (invalidateBlock && !this.config.skipInvalidateBlockAsProposer) {
             publisher.enqueueInvalidateBlock(invalidateBlock);
         }
+        // Actual block building
         this.setState(SequencerState.INITIALIZING_PROPOSAL, slot);
+        const block = await this.tryBuildBlockAndEnqueuePublish(slot, proposer, newBlockNumber, publisher, newGlobalVariables, chainTipArchive, invalidateBlock);
+        // Wait until the voting promises have resolved, so all requests are enqueued
+        await Promise.all(votesPromises);
+        // And send the tx to L1
+        const l1Response = await publisher.sendRequests();
+        const proposedBlock = l1Response?.successfulActions.find((a)=>a === 'propose');
+        if (proposedBlock) {
+            this.lastBlockPublished = block;
+            this.emit('block-published', {
+                blockNumber: newBlockNumber,
+                slot: Number(slot)
+            });
+            this.metrics.incFilledSlot(publisher.getSenderAddress().toString());
+        } else if (block) {
+            this.emit('block-publish-failed', l1Response ?? {});
+        }
+        this.setState(SequencerState.IDLE, undefined);
+    }
+    /** Tries building a block proposal, and if successful, enqueues it for publishing. */ async tryBuildBlockAndEnqueuePublish(slot, proposer, newBlockNumber, publisher, newGlobalVariables, chainTipArchive, invalidateBlock) {
         this.log.verbose(`Preparing proposal for block ${newBlockNumber} at slot ${slot}`, {
-            proposer: proposerInNextSlot?.toString(),
-            coinbase,
+            proposer,
             publisher: publisher.getSenderAddress(),
-            feeRecipient,
             globalVariables: newGlobalVariables.toInspect(),
             chainTipArchive,
             blockNumber: newBlockNumber,
             slot
         });
-        // If I created a "partial" header here that should make our job much easier.
         const proposalHeader = ProposedBlockHeader.from({
             ...newGlobalVariables,
             timestamp: newGlobalVariables.timestamp,
@@ -342,7 +321,7 @@ export { SequencerState };
             // and also we may need to fetch more if we don't have enough valid txs.
             const pendingTxs = this.p2pClient.iteratePendingTxs();
             try {
-                block = await this.buildBlockAndEnqueuePublish(pendingTxs, proposalHeader, newGlobalVariables, proposerInNextSlot, invalidateBlock, publisher);
+                block = await this.buildBlockAndEnqueuePublish(pendingTxs, proposalHeader, newGlobalVariables, proposer, invalidateBlock, publisher);
             } catch (err) {
                 this.emit('block-build-failed', {
                     reason: err.message
@@ -367,27 +346,11 @@ export { SequencerState };
                 availableTxs: pendingTxCount
             });
         }
-        await Promise.all([
-            enqueueGovernanceSignalPromise,
-            enqueueSlashingActionsPromise
-        ]);
-        const l1Response = await publisher.sendRequests();
-        const proposedBlock = l1Response?.successfulActions.find((a)=>a === 'propose');
-        if (proposedBlock) {
-            this.lastBlockPublished = block;
-            this.emit('block-published', {
-                blockNumber: newBlockNumber,
-                slot: Number(slot)
-            });
-            this.metrics.incFilledSlot(publisher.getSenderAddress().toString());
-        } else if (block) {
-            this.emit('block-publish-failed', l1Response ?? {});
-        }
-        this.setState(SequencerState.IDLE, undefined);
+        return block;
     }
-    async work() {
+    async safeWork() {
         try {
-            await this.doRealWork();
+            await this.work();
         } catch (err) {
             if (err instanceof SequencerTooSlowError) {
                 // Log as warn only if we had to abort halfway through the block proposal
@@ -597,8 +560,20 @@ export { SequencerState };
     /**
    * Returns whether all dependencies have caught up.
    * We don't check against the previous block submitted since it may have been reorg'd out.
-   * @returns Boolean indicating if our dependencies are synced to the latest block.
-   */ async getChainTip() {
+   */ async checkSync(args) {
+        // Check that the archiver and dependencies have synced to the previous L1 slot at least
+        // TODO(#14766): Archiver reports L1 timestamp based on L1 blocks seen, which means that a missed L1 block will
+        // cause the archiver L1 timestamp to fall behind, and cause this sequencer to start processing one L1 slot later.
+        const l1Timestamp = await this.l2BlockSource.getL1Timestamp();
+        const { slot, ts } = args;
+        if (l1Timestamp === undefined || l1Timestamp + BigInt(this.l1Constants.ethereumSlotDuration) < ts) {
+            this.log.debug(`Cannot propose block at next L2 slot ${slot} due to pending sync from L1`, {
+                slot,
+                ts,
+                l1Timestamp
+            });
+            return undefined;
+        }
         const syncedBlocks = await Promise.all([
             this.worldState.status().then(({ syncSummary })=>({
                     number: syncSummary.latestBlockNumber,
@@ -607,39 +582,24 @@ export { SequencerState };
             this.l2BlockSource.getL2Tips().then((t)=>t.latest),
             this.p2pClient.getStatus().then((p2p)=>p2p.syncedToL2Block),
             this.l1ToL2MessageSource.getL2Tips().then((t)=>t.latest),
-            this.l2BlockSource.getL1Timestamp(),
             this.l2BlockSource.getPendingChainValidationStatus()
         ]);
-        const [worldState, l2BlockSource, p2p, l1ToL2MessageSource, l1Timestamp, pendingChainValidationStatus] = syncedBlocks;
+        const [worldState, l2BlockSource, p2p, l1ToL2MessageSource, pendingChainValidationStatus] = syncedBlocks;
         // The archiver reports 'undefined' hash for the genesis block
         // because it doesn't have access to world state to compute it (facepalm)
         const result = l2BlockSource.hash === undefined ? worldState.number === 0 && p2p.number === 0 && l1ToL2MessageSource.number === 0 : worldState.hash === l2BlockSource.hash && p2p.hash === l2BlockSource.hash && l1ToL2MessageSource.hash === l2BlockSource.hash;
-        const logData = {
-            worldState,
-            l2BlockSource,
-            p2p,
-            l1ToL2MessageSource
-        };
-        this.log.debug(`Sequencer sync check ${result ? 'succeeded' : 'failed'}`, logData);
         if (!result) {
+            this.log.debug(`Sequencer sync check failed`, {
+                worldState,
+                l2BlockSource,
+                p2p,
+                l1ToL2MessageSource
+            });
             return undefined;
         }
+        // Special case for genesis state
         const blockNumber = worldState.number;
-        if (blockNumber >= INITIAL_L2_BLOCK_NUM) {
-            const block = await this.l2BlockSource.getBlock(blockNumber);
-            if (!block) {
-                // this shouldn't really happen because a moment ago we checked that all components were in sync
-                this.log.warn(`Failed to get L2 block ${blockNumber} from the archiver with all components in sync`, logData);
-                return undefined;
-            }
-            return {
-                block,
-                blockNumber: block.number,
-                archive: block.archive.root,
-                l1Timestamp,
-                pendingChainValidationStatus
-            };
-        } else {
+        if (blockNumber < INITIAL_L2_BLOCK_NUM) {
             const archive = new Fr((await this.worldState.getCommitted().getTreeInfo(MerkleTreeId.ARCHIVE)).root);
             return {
                 blockNumber: INITIAL_L2_BLOCK_NUM - 1,
@@ -648,20 +608,170 @@ export { SequencerState };
                 pendingChainValidationStatus
             };
         }
+        const block = await this.l2BlockSource.getBlock(blockNumber);
+        if (!block) {
+            // this shouldn't really happen because a moment ago we checked that all components were in sync
+            this.log.error(`Failed to get L2 block ${blockNumber} from the archiver with all components in sync`);
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        return {
+            block,
+            blockNumber: block.number,
+            archive: block.archive.root,
+            l1Timestamp,
+            pendingChainValidationStatus
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+   * Enqueues governance and slashing votes with the publisher. Does not block.
+   * @param publisher - The publisher to enqueue votes with
+   * @param attestorAddress - The attestor address to use for signing
+   * @param slot - The slot number
+   * @param timestamp - The timestamp for the votes
+   * @param context - Optional context for logging (e.g., block number)
+   * @returns A tuple of [governanceEnqueued, slashingEnqueued]
+   */ enqueueGovernanceAndSlashingVotes(publisher, attestorAddress, slot, timestamp) {
+        try {
+            const signerFn = (msg)=>this.validatorClient.signWithAddress(attestorAddress, msg).then((s)=>s.toString());
+            const enqueueGovernancePromise = this.governanceProposerPayload && !this.governanceProposerPayload.isZero() ? publisher.enqueueGovernanceCastSignal(this.governanceProposerPayload, slot, timestamp, attestorAddress, signerFn).catch((err)=>{
+                this.log.error(`Error enqueuing governance vote`, err, {
+                    slot
+                });
+                return false;
+            }) : undefined;
+            const enqueueSlashingPromise = this.slasherClient ? this.slasherClient.getProposerActions(slot).then((actions)=>publisher.enqueueSlashingActions(actions, slot, timestamp, attestorAddress, signerFn)).catch((err)=>{
+                this.log.error(`Error enqueuing slashing actions`, err, {
+                    slot
+                });
+                return false;
+            }) : undefined;
+            return [
+                enqueueGovernancePromise,
+                enqueueSlashingPromise
+            ];
+        } catch (err) {
+            this.log.error(`Error enqueueing governance and slashing votes`, err);
+            return [
+                undefined,
+                undefined
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+   * Checks if we are the proposer for the next slot.
+   * @returns True if we can propose, and the proposer address (undefined if anyone can propose)
+   */ async checkCanPropose(slot) {
+        let proposer;
+        try {
+            proposer = await this.epochCache.getProposerAttesterAddressInSlot(slot);
+        } catch (e) {
+            if (e instanceof NoCommitteeError) {
+                this.log.warn(`Cannot propose at next L2 slot ${slot} since the committee does not exist on L1`);
+                return [
+                    false,
+                    undefined
+                ];
+            }
+            this.log.error(`Error getting proposer for slot ${slot}`, e);
+            return [
+                false,
+                undefined
+            ];
+        }
+        // If proposer is undefined, then the committee is empty and anyone may propose
+        if (proposer === undefined) {
+            return [
+                true,
+                undefined
+            ];
+        }
+        const validatorAddresses = this.validatorClient.getValidatorAddresses();
+        const weAreProposer = validatorAddresses.some((addr)=>addr.equals(proposer));
+        if (!weAreProposer) {
+            this.log.debug(`Cannot propose at slot ${slot} since we are not a proposer`, {
+                validatorAddresses,
+                proposer
+            });
+            return [
+                false,
+                proposer
+            ];
+        }
+        return [
+            true,
+            proposer
+        ];
+    }
+    /**
+   * Tries to vote on slashing actions and governance when the sync check fails but we're past the max time for initializing a proposal.
+   * This allows the sequencer to participate in governance/slashing votes even when it cannot build blocks.
+   */ async tryVoteWhenSyncFails(args) {
+        const { slot, ts } = args;
+        // Prevent duplicate attempts in the same slot
+        if (this.lastSlotForVoteWhenSyncFailed === slot) {
+            this.log.debug(`Already attempted to vote in slot ${slot} (skipping)`);
+            return;
+        }
+        // Check if we're past the max time for initializing a proposal
+        const secondsIntoSlot = this.getSecondsIntoSlot(slot);
+        const maxAllowedTime = this.timetable.getMaxAllowedTime(SequencerState.INITIALIZING_PROPOSAL);
+        // If we haven't exceeded the time limit for initializing a proposal, don't proceed with voting
+        // We use INITIALIZING_PROPOSAL time limit because if we're past that, we can't build a block anyway
+        if (maxAllowedTime === undefined || secondsIntoSlot <= maxAllowedTime) {
+            this.log.trace(`Not attempting to vote since there is still for block building`, {
+                secondsIntoSlot,
+                maxAllowedTime
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+        this.log.debug(`Sync for slot ${slot} failed, checking for voting opportunities`, {
+            secondsIntoSlot,
+            maxAllowedTime
+        });
+        // Check if we're a proposer or proposal is open
+        const [canPropose, proposer] = await this.checkCanPropose(slot);
+        if (!canPropose) {
+            this.log.debug(`Cannot vote in slot ${slot} since we are not a proposer`, {
+                slot,
+                proposer
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+        // Mark this slot as attempted
+        this.lastSlotForVoteWhenSyncFailed = slot;
+        // Get a publisher for voting
+        const { attestorAddress, publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(proposer);
+        this.log.debug(`Attempting to vote despite sync failure at slot ${slot}`, {
+            attestorAddress,
+            slot
+        });
+        // Enqueue governance and slashing votes using the shared helper method
+        const votesPromises = this.enqueueGovernanceAndSlashingVotes(publisher, attestorAddress, slot, ts);
+        await Promise.all(votesPromises);
+        if (votesPromises.every((p)=>!p)) {
+            this.log.debug(`No votes to enqueue for slot ${slot}`);
+            return;
+        }
+        this.log.info(`Voting in slot ${slot} despite sync failure`, {
+            slot
+        });
+        await publisher.sendRequests();
     }
     /**
    * Considers invalidating a block if the pending chain is invalid. Depends on how long the invalid block
    * has been there without being invalidated and whether the sequencer is in the committee or not. We always
    * have the proposer try to invalidate, but if they fail, the sequencers in the committee are expected to try,
    * and if they fail, any sequencer will try as well.
-   */ async considerInvalidatingBlock(syncedTo, currentSlot, ourValidatorAddresses, publisher) {
+   */ async considerInvalidatingBlock(syncedTo, currentSlot) {
         const { pendingChainValidationStatus, l1Timestamp } = syncedTo;
         if (pendingChainValidationStatus.valid) {
             return;
         }
+        const { publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(undefined);
         const invalidBlockNumber = pendingChainValidationStatus.block.blockNumber;
         const invalidBlockTimestamp = pendingChainValidationStatus.block.timestamp;
         const timeSinceChainInvalid = this.dateProvider.nowInSeconds() - Number(invalidBlockTimestamp);
+        const ourValidatorAddresses = this.validatorClient.getValidatorAddresses();
         const { secondsBeforeInvalidatingBlockAsCommitteeMember, secondsBeforeInvalidatingBlockAsNonCommitteeMember } = this.config;
         const logData = {
             invalidL1Timestamp: invalidBlockTimestamp,
@@ -707,7 +817,7 @@ export { SequencerState };
 }
 _ts_decorate([
     trackSpan('Sequencer.work')
-], Sequencer.prototype, "work", null);
+], Sequencer.prototype, "safeWork", null);
 _ts_decorate([
     trackSpan('Sequencer.buildBlockAndEnqueuePublish', (_validTxs, _proposalHeader, newGlobalVariables)=>({
             [Attributes.BLOCK_NUMBER]: newGlobalVariables.blockNumber

package/dest/sequencer/timetable.d.ts

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ export declare class SequencerTimetable {
     getBlockProposalExecTimeEnd(secondsIntoSlot: number): number;
     private get afterBlockReexecTimeNeeded();
     getValidatorReexecTimeEnd(secondsIntoSlot?: number): number;
+    getMaxAllowedTime(state: Extract<SequencerState, SequencerState.STOPPED | SequencerState.IDLE | SequencerState.SYNCHRONIZING>): undefined;
+    getMaxAllowedTime(state: Exclude<SequencerState, SequencerState.STOPPED | SequencerState.IDLE | SequencerState.SYNCHRONIZING>): number;
     getMaxAllowedTime(state: SequencerState): number | undefined;
     assertTimeLeft(newState: SequencerState, secondsIntoSlot: number): void;
 }

package/dest/sequencer/timetable.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"timetable.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/sequencer/timetable.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAGA,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,cAAc,CAAC;AACrD,OAAO,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AAM5C,qBAAa,kBAAkB;IA+C3B,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;IACzB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,GAAG;IA/CtB;;;;OAIG;IACH,SAAgB,kBAAkB,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAE3C;;;;OAIG;IACH,SAAgB,gBAAgB,SAAC;IAEjC,sHAAsH;IACtH,SAAgB,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,CAAsB;IAE9D,uDAAuD;IACvD,SAAgB,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,CAAsB;IAE9D,mGAAmG;IACnG,SAAgB,0BAA0B,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAEnD,mIAAmI;IACnI,SAAgB,mBAAmB,EAAE,MAAM,CAAyB;IAEpE,wCAAwC;IACxC,SAAgB,oBAAoB,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAE7C,kFAAkF;IAClF,SAAgB,iBAAiB,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAE1C,2IAA2I;IAC3I,SAAgB,4BAA4B,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAErD,4DAA4D;IAC5D,SAAgB,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC;gBAG/B,IAAI,EAAE;QACJ,oBAAoB,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QAC7B,iBAAiB,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QAC1B,4BAA4B,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QACrC,0BAA0B,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QACpC,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC;KAClB,EACgB,OAAO,CAAC,EAAE,gBAAgB,YAAA,EAC1B,GAAG,mCAAsC;IA+C5D,OAAO,KAAK,yCAAyC,GAEpD;IAEM,2BAA2B,CAAC,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,MAAM;IAenE,OAAO,KAAK,0BAA0B,GAErC;IAEM,yBAAyB,CAAC,eAAe,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,MAAM;IAU3D,iBAAiB,CACtB,KAAK,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,cAAc,EAAE,cAAc,CAAC,OAAO,GAAG,cAAc,CAAC,IAAI,GAAG,cAAc,CAAC,aAAa,CAAC,GAC1G,SAAS;IACL,iBAAiB,CACtB,KAAK,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,cAAc,EAAE,cAAc,CAAC,OAAO,GAAG,cAAc,CAAC,IAAI,GAAG,cAAc,CAAC,aAAa,CAAC,GAC1G,MAAM;IACF,iBAAiB,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,cAAc,GAAG,MAAM,GAAG,SAAS;IAuB5D,cAAc,CAAC,QAAQ,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM;CAkBxE;AAED,qBAAa,qBAAsB,SAAQ,KAAK;aAE5B,aAAa,EAAE,cAAc;aAC7B,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM;aACtB,WAAW,EAAE,MAAM;gBAFnB,aAAa,EAAE,cAAc,EAC7B,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,EACtB,WAAW,EAAE,MAAM;CAOtC"}

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@aztec/sequencer-client",
-  "version": "2.0.3-rc.9",
+  "version": "2.0.4",
   "type": "module",
   "exports": {
     ".": "./dest/index.js",
@@ -26,37 +26,37 @@
     "test:integration:run": "NODE_NO_WARNINGS=1 node --experimental-vm-modules $(yarn bin jest) --no-cache --config jest.integration.config.json"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@aztec/aztec.js": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/bb-prover": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/blob-lib": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/blob-sink": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/constants": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/epoch-cache": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/ethereum": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/foundation": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/l1-artifacts": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/merkle-tree": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/noir-acvm_js": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/noir-contracts.js": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/noir-protocol-circuits-types": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/noir-types": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/p2p": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/protocol-contracts": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/prover-client": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/simulator": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/slasher": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/stdlib": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/telemetry-client": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/validator-client": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/world-state": "2.0.3-rc.9",
+    "@aztec/aztec.js": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/bb-prover": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/blob-lib": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/blob-sink": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/constants": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/epoch-cache": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/ethereum": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/foundation": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/l1-artifacts": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/merkle-tree": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/noir-acvm_js": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/noir-contracts.js": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/noir-protocol-circuits-types": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/noir-types": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/p2p": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/protocol-contracts": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/prover-client": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/simulator": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/slasher": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/stdlib": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/telemetry-client": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/validator-client": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/world-state": "2.0.4",
     "lodash.chunk": "^4.2.0",
     "lodash.pick": "^4.4.0",
     "tslib": "^2.4.0",
     "viem": "2.23.7"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@aztec/archiver": "2.0.3-rc.9",
-    "@aztec/kv-store": "2.0.3-rc.9",
+    "@aztec/archiver": "2.0.4",
+    "@aztec/kv-store": "2.0.4",
     "@jest/globals": "^30.0.0",
     "@types/jest": "^30.0.0",
     "@types/lodash.chunk": "^4.2.7",

package/src/sequencer/sequencer.ts

@@ -96,6 +96,9 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
 
   private governanceProposerPayload: EthAddress | undefined;
 
+  /** The last slot for which we attempted to vote when sync failed, to prevent duplicate attempts. */
+  private lastSlotForVoteWhenSyncFailed: bigint | undefined;
+
   /** The maximum number of seconds that the sequencer can be into a slot to transition to a particular state. */
   protected timetable!: SequencerTimetable;
   protected enforceTimeTable: boolean = false;
@@ -221,7 +224,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
    */
   public start() {
     this.metrics.start();
-    this.runningPromise = new RunningPromise(this.work.bind(this), this.log, this.pollingIntervalMs);
+    this.runningPromise = new RunningPromise(this.safeWork.bind(this), this.log, this.pollingIntervalMs);
     this.setState(SequencerState.IDLE, undefined, { force: true });
     this.runningPromise.start();
     this.log.info('Started sequencer');
@@ -256,27 +259,28 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
    *          - Submit block
    *          - If our block for some reason is not included, revert the state
    */
-  protected async doRealWork() {
+  protected async work() {
     this.setState(SequencerState.SYNCHRONIZING, undefined);
+    const { slot, ts, now } = this.epochCache.getEpochAndSlotInNextL1Slot();
 
-    // Check all components are synced to latest as seen by the archiver
-    const syncedTo = await this.getChainTip();
+    // Check we have not already published a block for this slot (cheapest check)
+    if (this.lastBlockPublished && this.lastBlockPublished.header.getSlot() >= slot) {
+      this.log.debug(
+        `Cannot propose block at next L2 slot ${slot} since that slot was taken by our own block ${this.lastBlockPublished.number}`,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
 
-    // Do not go forward with new block if the previous one has not been mined and processed
+    // Check all components are synced to latest as seen by the archiver (queries all subsystems)
+    const syncedTo = await this.checkSync({ ts, slot });
     if (!syncedTo) {
+      await this.tryVoteWhenSyncFails({ slot, ts });
       return;
     }
 
     const chainTipArchive = syncedTo.archive;
     const newBlockNumber = syncedTo.blockNumber + 1;
 
-    const { slot, ts, now } = this.epochCache.getEpochAndSlotInNextL1Slot();
-
-    this.setState(SequencerState.PROPOSER_CHECK, slot);
-
-    // Check that the archiver and dependencies have synced to the previous L1 slot at least
-    // TODO(#14766): Archiver reports L1 timestamp based on L1 blocks seen, which means that a missed L1 block will
-    // cause the archiver L1 timestamp to fall behind, and cause this sequencer to start processing one L1 slot later.
     const syncLogData = {
       now,
       syncedToL1Ts: syncedTo.l1Timestamp,
@@ -288,74 +292,30 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       isPendingChainValid: pick(syncedTo.pendingChainValidationStatus, 'valid', 'reason', 'invalidIndex'),
     };
 
-    if (syncedTo.l1Timestamp + BigInt(this.l1Constants.ethereumSlotDuration) < ts) {
-      this.log.debug(
-        `Cannot propose block ${newBlockNumber} at next L2 slot ${slot} due to pending sync from L1`,
-        syncLogData,
-      );
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // Check that the slot is not taken by a block already
+    // Check that the slot is not taken by a block already (should never happen, since only us can propose for this slot)
     if (syncedTo.block && syncedTo.block.header.getSlot() >= slot) {
-      this.log.debug(
+      this.log.warn(
         `Cannot propose block at next L2 slot ${slot} since that slot was taken by block ${syncedTo.blockNumber}`,
         { ...syncLogData, block: syncedTo.block.header.toInspect() },
       );
       return;
     }
 
-    // Or that we haven't published it ourselves
-    if (this.lastBlockPublished && this.lastBlockPublished.header.getSlot() >= slot) {
-      this.log.debug(
-        `Cannot propose block at next L2 slot ${slot} since that slot was taken by our own block ${this.lastBlockPublished.number}`,
-        { ...syncLogData, block: this.lastBlockPublished.header.toInspect() },
-      );
-      return;
-    }
-
     // Check that we are a proposer for the next slot
-    let proposerInNextSlot: EthAddress | undefined;
-    try {
-      proposerInNextSlot = await this.epochCache.getProposerAttesterAddressInNextSlot();
-    } catch (e) {
-      if (e instanceof NoCommitteeError) {
-        this.log.warn(
-          `Cannot propose block ${newBlockNumber} at next L2 slot ${slot} since the committee does not exist on L1`,
-        );
-        return;
-      }
-    }
+    this.setState(SequencerState.PROPOSER_CHECK, slot);
+    const [canPropose, proposer] = await this.checkCanPropose(slot);
 
-    // If get proposer in next slot is undefined, then the committee is empty and anyone may propose.
-    // If the committee is defined and not empty, but none of our validators are the proposer, then stop.
-    const validatorAddresses = this.validatorClient!.getValidatorAddresses();
-    if (proposerInNextSlot !== undefined && !validatorAddresses.some(addr => addr.equals(proposerInNextSlot))) {
-      this.log.debug(`Cannot propose block ${newBlockNumber} since we are not a proposer`, {
-        us: validatorAddresses,
-        proposer: proposerInNextSlot,
-        ...syncLogData,
-      });
-      // If the pending chain is invalid, we may need to invalidate the block if no one else is doing it.
-      if (!syncedTo.pendingChainValidationStatus.valid) {
-        // We pass i undefined here to get any available publisher.
-        const { publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(undefined);
-        await this.considerInvalidatingBlock(syncedTo, slot, validatorAddresses, publisher);
-      }
+    // If we are not a proposer, check if we should invalidate a invalid block, and bail
+    if (!canPropose) {
+      await this.considerInvalidatingBlock(syncedTo, slot);
       return;
     }
 
-    // Check with the rollup if we can indeed propose at the next L2 slot. This check should not fail
-    // if all the previous checks are good, but we do it just in case.
-    const proposerAddressInNextSlot = proposerInNextSlot ?? EthAddress.ZERO;
-
     // We now need to get ourselves a publisher.
     // The returned attestor will be the one we provided if we provided one.
     // Otherwise it will be a valid attestor for the returned publisher.
-    const { attestorAddress, publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(proposerInNextSlot);
-
+    const { attestorAddress, publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(proposer);
     this.log.verbose(`Created publisher at address ${publisher.getSenderAddress()} for attestor ${attestorAddress}`);
-
     this.publisher = publisher;
 
     const coinbase = this.validatorClient!.getCoinbaseForAttestor(attestorAddress);
@@ -365,9 +325,12 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
 
     // Prepare invalidation request if the pending chain is invalid (returns undefined if no need)
     const invalidateBlock = await publisher.simulateInvalidateBlock(syncedTo.pendingChainValidationStatus);
+
+    // Check with the rollup if we can indeed propose at the next L2 slot. This check should not fail
+    // if all the previous checks are good, but we do it just in case.
     const canProposeCheck = await publisher.canProposeAtNextEthBlock(
       chainTipArchive,
-      proposerAddressInNextSlot,
+      proposer ?? EthAddress.ZERO,
       invalidateBlock,
     );
 
@@ -394,10 +357,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       return;
     }
 
-    this.log.debug(
-      `Can propose block ${newBlockNumber} at slot ${slot}` + (proposerInNextSlot ? ` as ${proposerInNextSlot}` : ''),
-      { ...syncLogData, validatorAddresses },
-    );
+    this.log.debug(`Can propose block ${newBlockNumber} at slot ${slot} as ${proposer}`, { ...syncLogData });
 
     const newGlobalVariables = await this.globalsBuilder.buildGlobalVariables(
       newBlockNumber,
@@ -406,47 +366,67 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       slot,
     );
 
-    const { timestamp } = newGlobalVariables;
-    const signerFn = (msg: TypedDataDefinition) =>
-      this.validatorClient!.signWithAddress(attestorAddress, msg).then(s => s.toString());
-
-    const enqueueGovernanceSignalPromise =
-      this.governanceProposerPayload && !this.governanceProposerPayload.isZero()
-        ? publisher
-            .enqueueGovernanceCastSignal(this.governanceProposerPayload, slot, timestamp, attestorAddress, signerFn)
-            .catch(err => {
-              this.log.error(`Error enqueuing governance vote`, err, { blockNumber: newBlockNumber, slot });
-              return false;
-            })
-        : Promise.resolve(false);
-
-    const enqueueSlashingActionsPromise = this.slasherClient
-      ? this.slasherClient
-          .getProposerActions(slot)
-          .then(actions => publisher.enqueueSlashingActions(actions, slot, timestamp, attestorAddress, signerFn))
-          .catch(err => {
-            this.log.error(`Error enqueuing slashing actions`, err, { blockNumber: newBlockNumber, slot });
-            return false;
-          })
-      : Promise.resolve(false);
+    // Enqueue governance and slashing votes (returns promises that will be awaited later)
+    const votesPromises = this.enqueueGovernanceAndSlashingVotes(
+      publisher,
+      attestorAddress,
+      slot,
+      newGlobalVariables.timestamp,
+    );
 
+    // Enqueues block invalidation
     if (invalidateBlock && !this.config.skipInvalidateBlockAsProposer) {
       publisher.enqueueInvalidateBlock(invalidateBlock);
     }
 
+    // Actual block building
     this.setState(SequencerState.INITIALIZING_PROPOSAL, slot);
+    const block: L2Block | undefined = await this.tryBuildBlockAndEnqueuePublish(
+      slot,
+      proposer,
+      newBlockNumber,
+      publisher,
+      newGlobalVariables,
+      chainTipArchive,
+      invalidateBlock,
+    );
+
+    // Wait until the voting promises have resolved, so all requests are enqueued
+    await Promise.all(votesPromises);
+
+    // And send the tx to L1
+    const l1Response = await publisher.sendRequests();
+    const proposedBlock = l1Response?.successfulActions.find(a => a === 'propose');
+    if (proposedBlock) {
+      this.lastBlockPublished = block;
+      this.emit('block-published', { blockNumber: newBlockNumber, slot: Number(slot) });
+      this.metrics.incFilledSlot(publisher.getSenderAddress().toString());
+    } else if (block) {
+      this.emit('block-publish-failed', l1Response ?? {});
+    }
+
+    this.setState(SequencerState.IDLE, undefined);
+  }
+
+  /** Tries building a block proposal, and if successful, enqueues it for publishing. */
+  private async tryBuildBlockAndEnqueuePublish(
+    slot: bigint,
+    proposer: EthAddress | undefined,
+    newBlockNumber: number,
+    publisher: SequencerPublisher,
+    newGlobalVariables: GlobalVariables,
+    chainTipArchive: Fr,
+    invalidateBlock: InvalidateBlockRequest | undefined,
+  ) {
     this.log.verbose(`Preparing proposal for block ${newBlockNumber} at slot ${slot}`, {
-      proposer: proposerInNextSlot?.toString(),
-      coinbase,
+      proposer,
       publisher: publisher.getSenderAddress(),
-      feeRecipient,
       globalVariables: newGlobalVariables.toInspect(),
       chainTipArchive,
       blockNumber: newBlockNumber,
       slot,
     });
 
-    // If I created a "partial" header here that should make our job much easier.
     const proposalHeader = ProposedBlockHeader.from({
       ...newGlobalVariables,
       timestamp: newGlobalVariables.timestamp,
@@ -467,7 +447,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
           pendingTxs,
           proposalHeader,
           newGlobalVariables,
-          proposerInNextSlot,
+          proposer,
           invalidateBlock,
           publisher,
         );
@@ -486,26 +466,13 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       );
       this.emit('tx-count-check-failed', { minTxs: this.minTxsPerBlock, availableTxs: pendingTxCount });
     }
-
-    await Promise.all([enqueueGovernanceSignalPromise, enqueueSlashingActionsPromise]);
-
-    const l1Response = await publisher.sendRequests();
-    const proposedBlock = l1Response?.successfulActions.find(a => a === 'propose');
-    if (proposedBlock) {
-      this.lastBlockPublished = block;
-      this.emit('block-published', { blockNumber: newBlockNumber, slot: Number(slot) });
-      this.metrics.incFilledSlot(publisher.getSenderAddress().toString());
-    } else if (block) {
-      this.emit('block-publish-failed', l1Response ?? {});
-    }
-
-    this.setState(SequencerState.IDLE, undefined);
+    return block;
   }
 
   @trackSpan('Sequencer.work')
-  protected async work() {
+  protected async safeWork() {
     try {
-      await this.doRealWork();
+      await this.work();
     } catch (err) {
       if (err instanceof SequencerTooSlowError) {
         // Log as warn only if we had to abort halfway through the block proposal
@@ -808,9 +775,8 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
   /**
    * Returns whether all dependencies have caught up.
    * We don't check against the previous block submitted since it may have been reorg'd out.
-   * @returns Boolean indicating if our dependencies are synced to the latest block.
    */
-  protected async getChainTip(): Promise<
+  protected async checkSync(args: { ts: bigint; slot: bigint }): Promise<
     | {
         block?: L2Block;
         blockNumber: number;
@@ -820,6 +786,20 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       }
     | undefined
   > {
+    // Check that the archiver and dependencies have synced to the previous L1 slot at least
+    // TODO(#14766): Archiver reports L1 timestamp based on L1 blocks seen, which means that a missed L1 block will
+    // cause the archiver L1 timestamp to fall behind, and cause this sequencer to start processing one L1 slot later.
+    const l1Timestamp = await this.l2BlockSource.getL1Timestamp();
+    const { slot, ts } = args;
+    if (l1Timestamp === undefined || l1Timestamp + BigInt(this.l1Constants.ethereumSlotDuration) < ts) {
+      this.log.debug(`Cannot propose block at next L2 slot ${slot} due to pending sync from L1`, {
+        slot,
+        ts,
+        l1Timestamp,
+      });
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
     const syncedBlocks = await Promise.all([
       this.worldState.status().then(({ syncSummary }) => ({
         number: syncSummary.latestBlockNumber,
@@ -828,12 +808,10 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       this.l2BlockSource.getL2Tips().then(t => t.latest),
       this.p2pClient.getStatus().then(p2p => p2p.syncedToL2Block),
       this.l1ToL2MessageSource.getL2Tips().then(t => t.latest),
-      this.l2BlockSource.getL1Timestamp(),
       this.l2BlockSource.getPendingChainValidationStatus(),
     ] as const);
 
-    const [worldState, l2BlockSource, p2p, l1ToL2MessageSource, l1Timestamp, pendingChainValidationStatus] =
-      syncedBlocks;
+    const [worldState, l2BlockSource, p2p, l1ToL2MessageSource, pendingChainValidationStatus] = syncedBlocks;
 
     // The archiver reports 'undefined' hash for the genesis block
     // because it doesn't have access to world state to compute it (facepalm)
@@ -844,33 +822,174 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
           p2p.hash === l2BlockSource.hash &&
           l1ToL2MessageSource.hash === l2BlockSource.hash;
 
-    const logData = { worldState, l2BlockSource, p2p, l1ToL2MessageSource };
-    this.log.debug(`Sequencer sync check ${result ? 'succeeded' : 'failed'}`, logData);
-
     if (!result) {
+      this.log.debug(`Sequencer sync check failed`, { worldState, l2BlockSource, p2p, l1ToL2MessageSource });
       return undefined;
     }
 
+    // Special case for genesis state
     const blockNumber = worldState.number;
-    if (blockNumber >= INITIAL_L2_BLOCK_NUM) {
-      const block = await this.l2BlockSource.getBlock(blockNumber);
-      if (!block) {
-        // this shouldn't really happen because a moment ago we checked that all components were in sync
-        this.log.warn(`Failed to get L2 block ${blockNumber} from the archiver with all components in sync`, logData);
-        return undefined;
-      }
-
-      return {
-        block,
-        blockNumber: block.number,
-        archive: block.archive.root,
-        l1Timestamp,
-        pendingChainValidationStatus,
-      };
-    } else {
+    if (blockNumber < INITIAL_L2_BLOCK_NUM) {
       const archive = new Fr((await this.worldState.getCommitted().getTreeInfo(MerkleTreeId.ARCHIVE)).root);
       return { blockNumber: INITIAL_L2_BLOCK_NUM - 1, archive, l1Timestamp, pendingChainValidationStatus };
     }
+
+    const block = await this.l2BlockSource.getBlock(blockNumber);
+    if (!block) {
+      // this shouldn't really happen because a moment ago we checked that all components were in sync
+      this.log.error(`Failed to get L2 block ${blockNumber} from the archiver with all components in sync`);
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      block,
+      blockNumber: block.number,
+      archive: block.archive.root,
+      l1Timestamp,
+      pendingChainValidationStatus,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Enqueues governance and slashing votes with the publisher. Does not block.
+   * @param publisher - The publisher to enqueue votes with
+   * @param attestorAddress - The attestor address to use for signing
+   * @param slot - The slot number
+   * @param timestamp - The timestamp for the votes
+   * @param context - Optional context for logging (e.g., block number)
+   * @returns A tuple of [governanceEnqueued, slashingEnqueued]
+   */
+  protected enqueueGovernanceAndSlashingVotes(
+    publisher: SequencerPublisher,
+    attestorAddress: EthAddress,
+    slot: bigint,
+    timestamp: bigint,
+  ): [Promise<boolean> | undefined, Promise<boolean> | undefined] {
+    try {
+      const signerFn = (msg: TypedDataDefinition) =>
+        this.validatorClient!.signWithAddress(attestorAddress, msg).then(s => s.toString());
+
+      const enqueueGovernancePromise =
+        this.governanceProposerPayload && !this.governanceProposerPayload.isZero()
+          ? publisher
+              .enqueueGovernanceCastSignal(this.governanceProposerPayload, slot, timestamp, attestorAddress, signerFn)
+              .catch(err => {
+                this.log.error(`Error enqueuing governance vote`, err, { slot });
+                return false;
+              })
+          : undefined;
+
+      const enqueueSlashingPromise = this.slasherClient
+        ? this.slasherClient
+            .getProposerActions(slot)
+            .then(actions => publisher.enqueueSlashingActions(actions, slot, timestamp, attestorAddress, signerFn))
+            .catch(err => {
+              this.log.error(`Error enqueuing slashing actions`, err, { slot });
+              return false;
+            })
+        : undefined;
+
+      return [enqueueGovernancePromise, enqueueSlashingPromise];
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.log.error(`Error enqueueing governance and slashing votes`, err);
+      return [undefined, undefined];
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if we are the proposer for the next slot.
+   * @returns True if we can propose, and the proposer address (undefined if anyone can propose)
+   */
+  protected async checkCanPropose(slot: bigint): Promise<[boolean, EthAddress | undefined]> {
+    let proposer: EthAddress | undefined;
+    try {
+      proposer = await this.epochCache.getProposerAttesterAddressInSlot(slot);
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (e instanceof NoCommitteeError) {
+        this.log.warn(`Cannot propose at next L2 slot ${slot} since the committee does not exist on L1`);
+        return [false, undefined];
+      }
+      this.log.error(`Error getting proposer for slot ${slot}`, e);
+      return [false, undefined];
+    }
+
+    // If proposer is undefined, then the committee is empty and anyone may propose
+    if (proposer === undefined) {
+      return [true, undefined];
+    }
+
+    const validatorAddresses = this.validatorClient!.getValidatorAddresses();
+    const weAreProposer = validatorAddresses.some(addr => addr.equals(proposer));
+
+    if (!weAreProposer) {
+      this.log.debug(`Cannot propose at slot ${slot} since we are not a proposer`, { validatorAddresses, proposer });
+      return [false, proposer];
+    }
+
+    return [true, proposer];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tries to vote on slashing actions and governance when the sync check fails but we're past the max time for initializing a proposal.
+   * This allows the sequencer to participate in governance/slashing votes even when it cannot build blocks.
+   */
+  protected async tryVoteWhenSyncFails(args: { slot: bigint; ts: bigint }): Promise<void> {
+    const { slot, ts } = args;
+
+    // Prevent duplicate attempts in the same slot
+    if (this.lastSlotForVoteWhenSyncFailed === slot) {
+      this.log.debug(`Already attempted to vote in slot ${slot} (skipping)`);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Check if we're past the max time for initializing a proposal
+    const secondsIntoSlot = this.getSecondsIntoSlot(slot);
+    const maxAllowedTime = this.timetable.getMaxAllowedTime(SequencerState.INITIALIZING_PROPOSAL);
+
+    // If we haven't exceeded the time limit for initializing a proposal, don't proceed with voting
+    // We use INITIALIZING_PROPOSAL time limit because if we're past that, we can't build a block anyway
+    if (maxAllowedTime === undefined || secondsIntoSlot <= maxAllowedTime) {
+      this.log.trace(`Not attempting to vote since there is still for block building`, {
+        secondsIntoSlot,
+        maxAllowedTime,
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.log.debug(`Sync for slot ${slot} failed, checking for voting opportunities`, {
+      secondsIntoSlot,
+      maxAllowedTime,
+    });
+
+    // Check if we're a proposer or proposal is open
+    const [canPropose, proposer] = await this.checkCanPropose(slot);
+    if (!canPropose) {
+      this.log.debug(`Cannot vote in slot ${slot} since we are not a proposer`, { slot, proposer });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Mark this slot as attempted
+    this.lastSlotForVoteWhenSyncFailed = slot;
+
+    // Get a publisher for voting
+    const { attestorAddress, publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(proposer);
+
+    this.log.debug(`Attempting to vote despite sync failure at slot ${slot}`, {
+      attestorAddress,
+      slot,
+    });
+
+    // Enqueue governance and slashing votes using the shared helper method
+    const votesPromises = this.enqueueGovernanceAndSlashingVotes(publisher, attestorAddress, slot, ts);
+    await Promise.all(votesPromises);
+
+    if (votesPromises.every(p => !p)) {
+      this.log.debug(`No votes to enqueue for slot ${slot}`);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.log.info(`Voting in slot ${slot} despite sync failure`, { slot });
+    await publisher.sendRequests();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -880,19 +999,19 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
    * and if they fail, any sequencer will try as well.
    */
   protected async considerInvalidatingBlock(
-    syncedTo: NonNullable<Awaited<ReturnType<Sequencer['getChainTip']>>>,
+    syncedTo: NonNullable<Awaited<ReturnType<Sequencer['checkSync']>>>,
     currentSlot: bigint,
-    ourValidatorAddresses: EthAddress[],
-    publisher: SequencerPublisher,
   ): Promise<void> {
     const { pendingChainValidationStatus, l1Timestamp } = syncedTo;
     if (pendingChainValidationStatus.valid) {
       return;
     }
 
+    const { publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(undefined);
     const invalidBlockNumber = pendingChainValidationStatus.block.blockNumber;
     const invalidBlockTimestamp = pendingChainValidationStatus.block.timestamp;
     const timeSinceChainInvalid = this.dateProvider.nowInSeconds() - Number(invalidBlockTimestamp);
+    const ourValidatorAddresses = this.validatorClient!.getValidatorAddresses();
 
     const { secondsBeforeInvalidatingBlockAsCommitteeMember, secondsBeforeInvalidatingBlockAsNonCommitteeMember } =
       this.config;

package/src/sequencer/timetable.ts

@@ -136,6 +136,13 @@ export class SequencerTimetable {
     return validationTimeEnd;
   }
 
+  public getMaxAllowedTime(
+    state: Extract<SequencerState, SequencerState.STOPPED | SequencerState.IDLE | SequencerState.SYNCHRONIZING>,
+  ): undefined;
+  public getMaxAllowedTime(
+    state: Exclude<SequencerState, SequencerState.STOPPED | SequencerState.IDLE | SequencerState.SYNCHRONIZING>,
+  ): number;
+  public getMaxAllowedTime(state: SequencerState): number | undefined;
   public getMaxAllowedTime(state: SequencerState): number | undefined {
     switch (state) {
       case SequencerState.STOPPED: