@aztec/sequencer-client 0.0.1-commit.dbf9cec → 0.0.1-commit.e0f15ab9b

package/src/sequencer/checkpoint_proposal_job.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import { NUM_CHECKPOINT_END_MARKER_FIELDS, getNumBlockEndBlobFields } from '@aztec/blob-lib/encoding';
-import { BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT, FIELDS_PER_BLOB } from '@aztec/constants';
 import type { EpochCache } from '@aztec/epoch-cache';
 import {
   BlockNumber,
@@ -9,6 +7,11 @@ import {
   SlotNumber,
 } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import { randomInt } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/random';
+import {
+  flipSignature,
+  generateRecoverableSignature,
+  generateUnrecoverableSignature,
+} from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/secp256k1-signer';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { Signature } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-signature';
@@ -27,17 +30,22 @@ import {
   type L2BlockSource,
   MaliciousCommitteeAttestationsAndSigners,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
-import type { Checkpoint } from '@aztec/stdlib/checkpoint';
-import { getSlotStartBuildTimestamp } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
+import { type Checkpoint, validateCheckpoint } from '@aztec/stdlib/checkpoint';
+import { getSlotStartBuildTimestamp, getTimestampForSlot } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
 import { Gas } from '@aztec/stdlib/gas';
 import {
-  NoValidTxsError,
-  type PublicProcessorLimits,
+  type BlockBuilderOptions,
+  InsufficientValidTxsError,
   type ResolvedSequencerConfig,
   type WorldStateSynchronizer,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
 import { type L1ToL2MessageSource, computeInHashFromL1ToL2Messages } from '@aztec/stdlib/messaging';
-import type { BlockProposalOptions, CheckpointProposal, CheckpointProposalOptions } from '@aztec/stdlib/p2p';
+import type {
+  BlockProposal,
+  BlockProposalOptions,
+  CheckpointProposal,
+  CheckpointProposalOptions,
+} from '@aztec/stdlib/p2p';
 import { orderAttestations, trimAttestations } from '@aztec/stdlib/p2p';
 import type { L2BlockBuiltStats } from '@aztec/stdlib/stats';
 import { type FailedTx, Tx } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
@@ -69,8 +77,10 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
   protected readonly log: Logger;
 
   constructor(
-    private readonly epoch: EpochNumber,
-    private readonly slot: SlotNumber,
+    private readonly slotNow: SlotNumber,
+    private readonly targetSlot: SlotNumber,
+    private readonly epochNow: EpochNumber,
+    private readonly targetEpoch: EpochNumber,
     private readonly checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber,
     private readonly syncedToBlockNumber: BlockNumber,
     // TODO(palla/mbps): Can we remove the proposer in favor of attestorAddress? Need to check fisherman-node flows.
@@ -98,7 +108,20 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
     public readonly tracer: Tracer,
     bindings?: LoggerBindings,
   ) {
-    this.log = createLogger('sequencer:checkpoint-proposal', { ...bindings, instanceId: `slot-${slot}` });
+    this.log = createLogger('sequencer:checkpoint-proposal', {
+      ...bindings,
+      instanceId: `slot-${this.slotNow}`,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** The wall-clock slot during which the proposer builds. */
+  private get slot(): SlotNumber {
+    return this.slotNow;
+  }
+
+  /** The wall-clock epoch. */
+  private get epoch(): EpochNumber {
+    return this.epochNow;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -111,7 +134,7 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
     // In fisherman mode, we simulate slashing but don't actually publish to L1
     // These are constant for the whole slot, so we only enqueue them once
     const votesPromises = new CheckpointVoter(
-      this.slot,
+      this.targetSlot,
       this.publisher,
       this.attestorAddress,
       this.validatorClient,
@@ -138,6 +161,29 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       return;
     }
 
+    // If pipelining, wait until the submission slot so L1 recognizes the pipelined proposer
+    if (this.epochCache.isProposerPipeliningEnabled()) {
+      const submissionSlotTimestamp =
+        getTimestampForSlot(this.targetSlot, this.l1Constants) - BigInt(this.l1Constants.ethereumSlotDuration);
+      this.log.info(`Waiting until submission slot ${this.targetSlot} for L1 submission`, {
+        slot: this.slot,
+        submissionSlot: this.targetSlot,
+        submissionSlotTimestamp,
+      });
+      await sleepUntil(new Date(Number(submissionSlotTimestamp) * 1000), this.dateProvider.nowAsDate());
+
+      // After waking, verify the parent checkpoint wasn't pruned during the sleep.
+      // We check L1's pending tip directly instead of canProposeAt, which also validates the proposer
+      // identity and would fail because the timestamp resolves to a different slot's proposer.
+      const l1Tips = await this.publisher.rollupContract.getTips();
+      if (l1Tips.pending < this.checkpointNumber - 1) {
+        this.log.warn(
+          `Parent checkpoint was pruned during pipelining sleep (L1 pending=${l1Tips.pending}, expected>=${this.checkpointNumber - 1}), skipping L1 submission for checkpoint ${this.checkpointNumber}`,
+        );
+        return undefined;
+      }
+    }
+
     // Then send everything to L1
     const l1Response = await this.publisher.sendRequests();
     const proposedAction = l1Response?.successfulActions.find(a => a === 'propose');
@@ -156,7 +202,7 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
     return {
       // nullish operator needed for tests
       [Attributes.COINBASE]: this.validatorClient.getCoinbaseForAttestor(this.attestorAddress)?.toString(),
-      [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: this.slot,
+      [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: this.targetSlot,
     };
   })
   private async proposeCheckpoint(): Promise<Checkpoint | undefined> {
@@ -166,8 +212,15 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       const feeRecipient = this.validatorClient.getFeeRecipientForAttestor(this.attestorAddress);
 
       // Start the checkpoint
-      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.INITIALIZING_CHECKPOINT, this.slot);
-      this.metrics.incOpenSlot(this.slot, this.proposer?.toString() ?? 'unknown');
+      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.INITIALIZING_CHECKPOINT, this.targetSlot);
+      this.log.info(`Starting checkpoint proposal`, {
+        buildSlot: this.slot,
+        submissionSlot: this.targetSlot,
+        pipelining: this.epochCache.isProposerPipeliningEnabled(),
+        proposer: this.proposer?.toString(),
+        coinbase: coinbase.toString(),
+      });
+      this.metrics.incOpenSlot(this.targetSlot, this.proposer?.toString() ?? 'unknown');
 
       // Enqueues checkpoint invalidation (constant for the whole slot)
       if (this.invalidateCheckpoint && !this.config.skipInvalidateBlockAsProposer) {
@@ -178,7 +231,7 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       const checkpointGlobalVariables = await this.globalsBuilder.buildCheckpointGlobalVariables(
         coinbase,
         feeRecipient,
-        this.slot,
+        this.targetSlot,
       );
 
       // Collect L1 to L2 messages for the checkpoint and compute their hash
@@ -186,7 +239,7 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       const inHash = computeInHashFromL1ToL2Messages(l1ToL2Messages);
 
       // Collect the out hashes of all the checkpoints before this one in the same epoch
-      const previousCheckpointOutHashes = (await this.l2BlockSource.getCheckpointsDataForEpoch(this.epoch))
+      const previousCheckpointOutHashes = (await this.l2BlockSource.getCheckpointsDataForEpoch(this.targetEpoch))
         .filter(c => c.checkpointNumber < this.checkpointNumber)
         .map(c => c.checkpointOutHash);
 
@@ -243,8 +296,8 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       }
 
       if (blocksInCheckpoint.length === 0) {
-        this.log.warn(`No blocks were built for slot ${this.slot}`, { slot: this.slot });
-        this.eventEmitter.emit('checkpoint-empty', { slot: this.slot });
+        this.log.warn(`No blocks were built for slot ${this.targetSlot}`, { slot: this.targetSlot });
+        this.eventEmitter.emit('checkpoint-empty', { slot: this.targetSlot });
         return undefined;
       }
 
@@ -252,16 +305,33 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       if (minBlocksForCheckpoint !== undefined && blocksInCheckpoint.length < minBlocksForCheckpoint) {
         this.log.warn(
           `Checkpoint has fewer blocks than minimum (${blocksInCheckpoint.length} < ${minBlocksForCheckpoint}), skipping proposal`,
-          { slot: this.slot, blocksBuilt: blocksInCheckpoint.length, minBlocksForCheckpoint },
+          { slot: this.targetSlot, blocksBuilt: blocksInCheckpoint.length, minBlocksForCheckpoint },
         );
         return undefined;
       }
 
       // Assemble and broadcast the checkpoint proposal, including the last block that was not
       // broadcasted yet, and wait to collect the committee attestations.
-      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.ASSEMBLING_CHECKPOINT, this.slot);
+      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.ASSEMBLING_CHECKPOINT, this.targetSlot);
       const checkpoint = await checkpointBuilder.completeCheckpoint();
 
+      // Final validation: per-block limits are only checked if the operator set them explicitly.
+      // Otherwise, checkpoint-level budgets were already enforced by the redistribution logic.
+      try {
+        validateCheckpoint(checkpoint, {
+          rollupManaLimit: this.l1Constants.rollupManaLimit,
+          maxL2BlockGas: this.config.maxL2BlockGas,
+          maxDABlockGas: this.config.maxDABlockGas,
+          maxTxsPerBlock: this.config.maxTxsPerBlock,
+          maxTxsPerCheckpoint: this.config.maxTxsPerCheckpoint,
+        });
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.log.error(`Built an invalid checkpoint at slot ${this.slot} (skipping proposal)`, err, {
+          checkpoint: checkpoint.header.toInspect(),
+        });
+        return undefined;
+      }
+
       // Record checkpoint-level build metrics
       this.metrics.recordCheckpointBuild(
         checkpointBuildTimer.ms(),
@@ -273,10 +343,10 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       // Do not collect attestations nor publish to L1 in fisherman mode
       if (this.config.fishermanMode) {
         this.log.info(
-          `Built checkpoint for slot ${this.slot} with ${blocksInCheckpoint.length} blocks. ` +
+          `Built checkpoint for slot ${this.targetSlot} with ${blocksInCheckpoint.length} blocks. ` +
             `Skipping proposal in fisherman mode.`,
           {
-            slot: this.slot,
+            slot: this.targetSlot,
             checkpoint: checkpoint.header.toInspect(),
             blocksBuilt: blocksInCheckpoint.length,
           },
@@ -305,7 +375,7 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       const blockProposedAt = this.dateProvider.now();
       await this.p2pClient.broadcastCheckpointProposal(proposal);
 
-      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.COLLECTING_ATTESTATIONS, this.slot);
+      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.COLLECTING_ATTESTATIONS, this.targetSlot);
       const attestations = await this.waitForAttestations(proposal);
       const blockAttestedAt = this.dateProvider.now();
 
@@ -318,7 +388,7 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
         attestationsSignature = await this.validatorClient.signAttestationsAndSigners(
           attestations,
           signer,
-          this.slot,
+          this.targetSlot,
           this.checkpointNumber,
         );
       } catch (err) {
@@ -331,10 +401,10 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       }
 
       // Enqueue publishing the checkpoint to L1
-      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.PUBLISHING_CHECKPOINT, this.slot);
+      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.PUBLISHING_CHECKPOINT, this.targetSlot);
       const aztecSlotDuration = this.l1Constants.slotDuration;
-      const slotStartBuildTimestamp = this.getSlotStartBuildTimestamp();
-      const txTimeoutAt = new Date((slotStartBuildTimestamp + aztecSlotDuration) * 1000);
+      const submissionSlotStart = Number(getTimestampForSlot(this.targetSlot, this.l1Constants));
+      const txTimeoutAt = new Date((submissionSlotStart + aztecSlotDuration) * 1000);
 
       // If we have been configured to potentially skip publishing checkpoint then roll the dice here
       if (
@@ -384,9 +454,6 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
     const txHashesAlreadyIncluded = new Set<string>();
     const initialBlockNumber = BlockNumber(this.syncedToBlockNumber + 1);
 
-    // Remaining blob fields available for blocks (checkpoint end marker already subtracted)
-    let remainingBlobFields = BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT * FIELDS_PER_BLOB - NUM_CHECKPOINT_END_MARKER_FIELDS;
-
     // Last block in the checkpoint will usually be flagged as pending broadcast, so we send it along with the checkpoint proposal
     let blockPendingBroadcast: { block: L2Block; txs: Tx[] } | undefined = undefined;
 
@@ -400,7 +467,7 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
 
       if (!timingInfo.canStart) {
         this.log.debug(`Not enough time left in slot to start another block`, {
-          slot: this.slot,
+          slot: this.targetSlot,
           blocksBuilt,
           secondsIntoSlot,
         });
@@ -419,7 +486,6 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
         blockNumber,
         indexWithinCheckpoint,
         txHashesAlreadyIncluded,
-        remainingBlobFields,
       });
 
       // TODO(palla/mbps): Review these conditions. We may want to keep trying in some scenarios.
@@ -436,8 +502,8 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       } else if ('error' in buildResult) {
         // If there was an error building the block, just exit the loop and give up the rest of the slot
         if (!(buildResult.error instanceof SequencerInterruptedError)) {
-          this.log.warn(`Halting block building for slot ${this.slot}`, {
-            slot: this.slot,
+          this.log.warn(`Halting block building for slot ${this.targetSlot}`, {
+            slot: this.targetSlot,
             blocksBuilt,
             error: buildResult.error,
           });
@@ -445,26 +511,16 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
         break;
       }
 
-      const { block, usedTxs, remainingBlobFields: newRemainingBlobFields } = buildResult;
+      const { block, usedTxs } = buildResult;
       blocksInCheckpoint.push(block);
-
-      // Update remaining blob fields for the next block
-      remainingBlobFields = newRemainingBlobFields;
-
-      // Sync the proposed block to the archiver to make it available
-      // Note that the checkpoint builder uses its own fork so it should not need to wait for this syncing
-      // Eventually we should refactor the checkpoint builder to not need a separate long-lived fork
-      // Fire and forget - don't block the critical path, but log errors
-      this.syncProposedBlockToArchiver(block).catch(err => {
-        this.log.error(`Failed to sync proposed block ${block.number} to archiver`, { blockNumber: block.number, err });
-      });
-
       usedTxs.forEach(tx => txHashesAlreadyIncluded.add(tx.txHash.toString()));
 
-      // If this is the last block, exit the loop now so we start collecting attestations
+      // If this is the last block, sync it to the archiver and exit the loop
+      // so we can build the checkpoint and start collecting attestations.
       if (timingInfo.isLastBlock) {
-        this.log.verbose(`Completed final block ${blockNumber} for slot ${this.slot}`, {
-          slot: this.slot,
+        await this.syncProposedBlockToArchiver(block);
+        this.log.verbose(`Completed final block ${blockNumber} for slot ${this.targetSlot}`, {
+          slot: this.targetSlot,
           blockNumber,
           blocksBuilt,
         });
@@ -472,38 +528,61 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
         break;
       }
 
-      // For non-last blocks, broadcast the block proposal (unless we're in fisherman mode)
-      // If the block is the last one, we'll broadcast it along with the checkpoint at the end of the loop
-      if (!this.config.fishermanMode) {
-        const proposal = await this.validatorClient.createBlockProposal(
-          block.header,
-          block.indexWithinCheckpoint,
-          inHash,
-          block.archive.root,
-          usedTxs,
-          this.proposer,
-          blockProposalOptions,
-        );
-        await this.p2pClient.broadcastProposal(proposal);
-      }
+      // Broadcast the block proposal (unless we're in fisherman mode) unless the block is the last one,
+      // in which case we'll broadcast it along with the checkpoint at the end of the loop.
+      // Note that we only send the block to the archiver if we manage to create the proposal, so if there's
+      // a HA error we don't pollute our archiver with a block that won't make it to the chain.
+      const proposal = await this.createBlockProposal(block, inHash, usedTxs, blockProposalOptions);
+
+      // Sync the proposed block to the archiver to make it available, only after we've managed to sign the proposal.
+      // We wait for the sync to succeed, as this helps catch consistency errors, even if it means we lose some time for block-building.
+      // If this throws, we abort the entire checkpoint.
+      await this.syncProposedBlockToArchiver(block);
+
+      // Once we have a signed proposal and the archiver agreed with our proposed block, then we broadcast it.
+      proposal && (await this.p2pClient.broadcastProposal(proposal));
 
       // Wait until the next block's start time
       await this.waitUntilNextSubslot(timingInfo.deadline);
     }
 
-    this.log.verbose(`Block building loop completed for slot ${this.slot}`, {
-      slot: this.slot,
+    this.log.verbose(`Block building loop completed for slot ${this.targetSlot}`, {
+      slot: this.targetSlot,
       blocksBuilt: blocksInCheckpoint.length,
     });
 
     return { blocksInCheckpoint, blockPendingBroadcast };
   }
 
+  /** Creates a block proposal for a given block via the validator client (unless in fisherman mode) */
+  private createBlockProposal(
+    block: L2Block,
+    inHash: Fr,
+    usedTxs: Tx[],
+    blockProposalOptions: BlockProposalOptions,
+  ): Promise<BlockProposal | undefined> {
+    if (this.config.fishermanMode) {
+      this.log.info(`Skipping block proposal for block ${block.number} in fisherman mode`);
+      return Promise.resolve(undefined);
+    }
+    return this.validatorClient.createBlockProposal(
+      block.header,
+      block.indexWithinCheckpoint,
+      inHash,
+      block.archive.root,
+      usedTxs,
+      this.proposer,
+      blockProposalOptions,
+    );
+  }
+
   /** Sleeps until it is time to produce the next block in the slot */
   @trackSpan('CheckpointProposalJob.waitUntilNextSubslot')
   private async waitUntilNextSubslot(nextSubslotStart: number) {
-    this.setStateFn(SequencerState.WAITING_UNTIL_NEXT_BLOCK, this.slot);
-    this.log.verbose(`Waiting until time for the next block at ${nextSubslotStart}s into slot`, { slot: this.slot });
+    this.setStateFn(SequencerState.WAITING_UNTIL_NEXT_BLOCK, this.targetSlot);
+    this.log.verbose(`Waiting until time for the next block at ${nextSubslotStart}s into slot`, {
+      slot: this.targetSlot,
+    });
     await this.waitUntilTimeInSlot(nextSubslotStart);
   }
 
@@ -518,34 +597,25 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       indexWithinCheckpoint: IndexWithinCheckpoint;
       buildDeadline: Date | undefined;
       txHashesAlreadyIncluded: Set<string>;
-      remainingBlobFields: number;
     },
-  ): Promise<{ block: L2Block; usedTxs: Tx[]; remainingBlobFields: number } | { error: Error } | undefined> {
-    const {
-      blockTimestamp,
-      forceCreate,
-      blockNumber,
-      indexWithinCheckpoint,
-      buildDeadline,
-      txHashesAlreadyIncluded,
-      remainingBlobFields,
-    } = opts;
+  ): Promise<{ block: L2Block; usedTxs: Tx[] } | { error: Error } | undefined> {
+    const { blockTimestamp, forceCreate, blockNumber, indexWithinCheckpoint, buildDeadline, txHashesAlreadyIncluded } =
+      opts;
 
     this.log.verbose(
-      `Preparing block ${blockNumber} index ${indexWithinCheckpoint} at checkpoint ${this.checkpointNumber} for slot ${this.slot}`,
+      `Preparing block ${blockNumber} index ${indexWithinCheckpoint} at checkpoint ${this.checkpointNumber} for slot ${this.targetSlot}`,
       { ...checkpointBuilder.getConstantData(), ...opts },
     );
 
     try {
       // Wait until we have enough txs to build the block
-      const minTxs = this.config.minTxsPerBlock;
-      const { availableTxs, canStartBuilding } = await this.waitForMinTxs(opts);
+      const { availableTxs, canStartBuilding, minTxs } = await this.waitForMinTxs(opts);
       if (!canStartBuilding) {
         this.log.warn(
-          `Not enough txs to build block ${blockNumber} at index ${indexWithinCheckpoint} in slot ${this.slot} (got ${availableTxs} txs but needs ${minTxs})`,
-          { blockNumber, slot: this.slot, indexWithinCheckpoint },
+          `Not enough txs to build block ${blockNumber} at index ${indexWithinCheckpoint} in slot ${this.targetSlot} (got ${availableTxs} txs but needs ${minTxs})`,
+          { blockNumber, slot: this.targetSlot, indexWithinCheckpoint },
         );
-        this.eventEmitter.emit('block-tx-count-check-failed', { minTxs, availableTxs, slot: this.slot });
+        this.eventEmitter.emit('block-tx-count-check-failed', { minTxs, availableTxs, slot: this.targetSlot });
         this.metrics.recordBlockProposalFailed('insufficient_txs');
         return undefined;
       }
@@ -558,24 +628,31 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       );
 
       this.log.debug(
-        `Building block ${blockNumber} at index ${indexWithinCheckpoint} for slot ${this.slot} with ${availableTxs} available txs`,
-        { slot: this.slot, blockNumber, indexWithinCheckpoint },
+        `Building block ${blockNumber} at index ${indexWithinCheckpoint} for slot ${this.targetSlot} with ${availableTxs} available txs`,
+        { slot: this.targetSlot, blockNumber, indexWithinCheckpoint },
       );
-      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.CREATING_BLOCK, this.slot);
+      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.CREATING_BLOCK, this.targetSlot);
 
-      // Calculate blob fields limit for txs (remaining capacity - this block's end overhead)
-      const blockEndOverhead = getNumBlockEndBlobFields(indexWithinCheckpoint === 0);
-      const maxBlobFieldsForTxs = remainingBlobFields - blockEndOverhead;
-
-      const blockBuilderOptions: PublicProcessorLimits = {
+      // Per-block limits are operator overrides (from SEQ_MAX_L2_BLOCK_GAS etc.) further capped
+      // by remaining checkpoint-level budgets inside CheckpointBuilder before each block is built.
+      // minValidTxs is passed into the builder so it can reject the block *before* updating state.
+      const minValidTxs = forceCreate ? 0 : (this.config.minValidTxsPerBlock ?? minTxs);
+      const blockBuilderOptions: BlockBuilderOptions = {
         maxTransactions: this.config.maxTxsPerBlock,
-        maxBlockSize: this.config.maxBlockSizeInBytes,
-        maxBlockGas: new Gas(this.config.maxDABlockGas, this.config.maxL2BlockGas),
-        maxBlobFields: maxBlobFieldsForTxs,
+        maxBlockGas:
+          this.config.maxL2BlockGas !== undefined || this.config.maxDABlockGas !== undefined
+            ? new Gas(this.config.maxDABlockGas ?? Infinity, this.config.maxL2BlockGas ?? Infinity)
+            : undefined,
         deadline: buildDeadline,
+        isBuildingProposal: true,
+        minValidTxs,
+        maxBlocksPerCheckpoint: this.timetable.maxNumberOfBlocks,
+        perBlockAllocationMultiplier: this.config.perBlockAllocationMultiplier,
       };
 
-      // Actually build the block by executing txs
+      // Actually build the block by executing txs. The builder throws InsufficientValidTxsError
+      // if the number of successfully processed txs is below minValidTxs, ensuring state is not
+      // updated for blocks that will be discarded.
       const buildResult = await this.buildSingleBlockWithCheckpointBuilder(
         checkpointBuilder,
         pendingTxs,
@@ -587,22 +664,27 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       // If any txs failed during execution, drop them from the mempool so we don't pick them up again
       await this.dropFailedTxsFromP2P(buildResult.failedTxs);
 
-      // Check if we have created a block with enough txs. If there were invalid txs in the pool, or if execution took
-      // too long, then we may not get to minTxsPerBlock after executing public functions.
-      const minValidTxs = this.config.minValidTxsPerBlock ?? minTxs;
-      const numTxs = buildResult.status === 'no-valid-txs' ? 0 : buildResult.numTxs;
-      if (buildResult.status === 'no-valid-txs' || (!forceCreate && numTxs < minValidTxs)) {
+      if (buildResult.status === 'insufficient-valid-txs') {
         this.log.warn(
-          `Block ${blockNumber} at index ${indexWithinCheckpoint} on slot ${this.slot} has too few valid txs to be proposed`,
-          { slot: this.slot, blockNumber, numTxs, indexWithinCheckpoint, minValidTxs, buildResult: buildResult.status },
+          `Block ${blockNumber} at index ${indexWithinCheckpoint} on slot ${this.targetSlot} has too few valid txs to be proposed`,
+          {
+            slot: this.targetSlot,
+            blockNumber,
+            numTxs: buildResult.processedCount,
+            indexWithinCheckpoint,
+            minValidTxs,
+          },
         );
-        this.eventEmitter.emit('block-build-failed', { reason: `Insufficient valid txs`, slot: this.slot });
+        this.eventEmitter.emit('block-build-failed', {
+          reason: `Insufficient valid txs`,
+          slot: this.targetSlot,
+        });
         this.metrics.recordBlockProposalFailed('insufficient_valid_txs');
         return undefined;
       }
 
       // Block creation succeeded, emit stats and metrics
-      const { publicGas, block, publicProcessorDuration, usedTxs, usedTxBlobFields, blockBuildDuration } = buildResult;
+      const { block, publicProcessorDuration, usedTxs, blockBuildDuration, numTxs } = buildResult;
 
       const blockStats = {
         eventName: 'l2-block-built',
@@ -613,33 +695,40 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
 
       const blockHash = await block.hash();
       const txHashes = block.body.txEffects.map(tx => tx.txHash);
-      const manaPerSec = publicGas.l2Gas / (blockBuildDuration / 1000);
+      const manaPerSec = block.header.totalManaUsed.toNumberUnsafe() / (blockBuildDuration / 1000);
 
       this.log.info(
-        `Built block ${block.number} at checkpoint ${this.checkpointNumber} for slot ${this.slot} with ${numTxs} txs`,
+        `Built block ${block.number} at checkpoint ${this.checkpointNumber} for slot ${this.targetSlot} with ${numTxs} txs`,
         { blockHash, txHashes, manaPerSec, ...blockStats },
       );
 
-      this.eventEmitter.emit('block-proposed', { blockNumber: block.number, slot: this.slot });
-      this.metrics.recordBuiltBlock(blockBuildDuration, publicGas.l2Gas);
+      this.eventEmitter.emit('block-proposed', {
+        blockNumber: block.number,
+        slot: this.targetSlot,
+        buildSlot: this.slotNow,
+      });
+      this.metrics.recordBuiltBlock(blockBuildDuration, block.header.totalManaUsed.toNumberUnsafe());
 
-      return { block, usedTxs, remainingBlobFields: maxBlobFieldsForTxs - usedTxBlobFields };
+      return { block, usedTxs };
     } catch (err: any) {
-      this.eventEmitter.emit('block-build-failed', { reason: err.message, slot: this.slot });
-      this.log.error(`Error building block`, err, { blockNumber, slot: this.slot });
+      this.eventEmitter.emit('block-build-failed', {
+        reason: err.message,
+        slot: this.targetSlot,
+      });
+      this.log.error(`Error building block`, err, { blockNumber, slot: this.targetSlot });
       this.metrics.recordBlockProposalFailed(err.name || 'unknown_error');
       this.metrics.recordFailedBlock();
       return { error: err };
     }
   }
 
-  /** Uses the checkpoint builder to build a block, catching specific txs */
+  /** Uses the checkpoint builder to build a block, catching InsufficientValidTxsError. */
   private async buildSingleBlockWithCheckpointBuilder(
     checkpointBuilder: CheckpointBuilder,
     pendingTxs: AsyncIterable<Tx>,
     blockNumber: BlockNumber,
     blockTimestamp: bigint,
-    blockBuilderOptions: PublicProcessorLimits,
+    blockBuilderOptions: BlockBuilderOptions,
   ) {
     try {
       const workTimer = new Timer();
@@ -647,8 +736,12 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       const blockBuildDuration = workTimer.ms();
       return { ...result, blockBuildDuration, status: 'success' as const };
     } catch (err: unknown) {
-      if (isErrorClass(err, NoValidTxsError)) {
-        return { failedTxs: err.failedTxs, status: 'no-valid-txs' as const };
+      if (isErrorClass(err, InsufficientValidTxsError)) {
+        return {
+          failedTxs: err.failedTxs,
+          processedCount: err.processedCount,
+          status: 'insufficient-valid-txs' as const,
+        };
       }
       throw err;
     }
@@ -661,7 +754,7 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
     blockNumber: BlockNumber;
     indexWithinCheckpoint: IndexWithinCheckpoint;
     buildDeadline: Date | undefined;
-  }): Promise<{ canStartBuilding: boolean; availableTxs: number }> {
+  }): Promise<{ canStartBuilding: boolean; availableTxs: number; minTxs: number }> {
     const { indexWithinCheckpoint, blockNumber, buildDeadline, forceCreate } = opts;
 
     // We only allow a block with 0 txs in the first block of the checkpoint
@@ -678,20 +771,20 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       // If we're past deadline, or we have no deadline, give up
       const now = this.dateProvider.nowAsDate();
       if (startBuildingDeadline === undefined || now >= startBuildingDeadline) {
-        return { canStartBuilding: false, availableTxs: availableTxs };
+        return { canStartBuilding: false, availableTxs, minTxs };
       }
 
       // Wait a bit before checking again
-      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.WAITING_FOR_TXS, this.slot);
+      this.setStateFn(SequencerState.WAITING_FOR_TXS, this.targetSlot);
       this.log.verbose(
-        `Waiting for enough txs to build block ${blockNumber} at index ${indexWithinCheckpoint} in slot ${this.slot} (have ${availableTxs} but need ${minTxs})`,
-        { blockNumber, slot: this.slot, indexWithinCheckpoint },
+        `Waiting for enough txs to build block ${blockNumber} at index ${indexWithinCheckpoint} in slot ${this.targetSlot} (have ${availableTxs} but need ${minTxs})`,
+        { blockNumber, slot: this.targetSlot, indexWithinCheckpoint },
       );
       await this.waitForTxsPollingInterval();
       availableTxs = await this.p2pClient.getPendingTxCount();
     }
 
-    return { canStartBuilding: true, availableTxs };
+    return { canStartBuilding: true, availableTxs, minTxs };
   }
 
   /**
@@ -759,7 +852,12 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       const sorted = orderAttestations(trimmed, committee);
 
       // Manipulate the attestations if we've been configured to do so
-      if (this.config.injectFakeAttestation || this.config.shuffleAttestationOrdering) {
+      if (
+        this.config.injectFakeAttestation ||
+        this.config.injectHighSValueAttestation ||
+        this.config.injectUnrecoverableSignatureAttestation ||
+        this.config.shuffleAttestationOrdering
+      ) {
         return this.manipulateAttestations(proposal.slotNumber, epoch, seed, committee, sorted);
       }
 
@@ -788,7 +886,11 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       this.epochCache.computeProposerIndex(slotNumber, epoch, seed, BigInt(committee.length)),
     );
 
-    if (this.config.injectFakeAttestation) {
+    if (
+      this.config.injectFakeAttestation ||
+      this.config.injectHighSValueAttestation ||
+      this.config.injectUnrecoverableSignatureAttestation
+    ) {
       // Find non-empty attestations that are not from the proposer
       const nonProposerIndices: number[] = [];
       for (let i = 0; i < attestations.length; i++) {
@@ -798,8 +900,20 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       }
       if (nonProposerIndices.length > 0) {
         const targetIndex = nonProposerIndices[randomInt(nonProposerIndices.length)];
-        this.log.warn(`Injecting fake attestation in checkpoint for slot ${slotNumber} at index ${targetIndex}`);
-        unfreeze(attestations[targetIndex]).signature = Signature.random();
+        if (this.config.injectHighSValueAttestation) {
+          this.log.warn(
+            `Injecting high-s value attestation in checkpoint for slot ${slotNumber} at index ${targetIndex}`,
+          );
+          unfreeze(attestations[targetIndex]).signature = flipSignature(attestations[targetIndex].signature);
+        } else if (this.config.injectUnrecoverableSignatureAttestation) {
+          this.log.warn(
+            `Injecting unrecoverable signature attestation in checkpoint for slot ${slotNumber} at index ${targetIndex}`,
+          );
+          unfreeze(attestations[targetIndex]).signature = generateUnrecoverableSignature();
+        } else {
+          this.log.warn(`Injecting fake attestation in checkpoint for slot ${slotNumber} at index ${targetIndex}`);
+          unfreeze(attestations[targetIndex]).signature = generateRecoverableSignature();
+        }
       }
       return new CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners(attestations);
     }
@@ -808,11 +922,20 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
       this.log.warn(`Shuffling attestation ordering in checkpoint for slot ${slotNumber} (proposer #${proposerIndex})`);
 
       const shuffled = [...attestations];
-      const [i, j] = [(proposerIndex + 1) % shuffled.length, (proposerIndex + 2) % shuffled.length];
-      const valueI = shuffled[i];
-      const valueJ = shuffled[j];
-      shuffled[i] = valueJ;
-      shuffled[j] = valueI;
+
+      // Find two non-proposer positions that both have non-empty signatures to swap.
+      // This ensures the bitmap doesn't change, so the MaliciousCommitteeAttestationsAndSigners
+      // signers array stays correctly aligned with L1's committee reconstruction.
+      const swappable: number[] = [];
+      for (let k = 0; k < shuffled.length; k++) {
+        if (!shuffled[k].signature.isEmpty() && k !== proposerIndex) {
+          swappable.push(k);
+        }
+      }
+      if (swappable.length >= 2) {
+        const [i, j] = [swappable[0], swappable[1]];
+        [shuffled[i], shuffled[j]] = [shuffled[j], shuffled[i]];
+      }
 
       const signers = new CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners(attestations).getSigners();
       return new MaliciousCommitteeAttestationsAndSigners(shuffled, signers);
@@ -855,19 +978,19 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
   private async handleCheckpointEndAsFisherman(checkpoint: Checkpoint | undefined) {
     // Perform L1 fee analysis before clearing requests
     // The callback is invoked asynchronously after the next block is mined
-    const feeAnalysis = await this.publisher.analyzeL1Fees(this.slot, analysis =>
+    const feeAnalysis = await this.publisher.analyzeL1Fees(this.targetSlot, analysis =>
       this.metrics.recordFishermanFeeAnalysis(analysis),
     );
 
     if (checkpoint) {
-      this.log.info(`Validation checkpoint building SUCCEEDED for slot ${this.slot}`, {
+      this.log.info(`Validation checkpoint building SUCCEEDED for slot ${this.targetSlot}`, {
         ...checkpoint.toCheckpointInfo(),
         ...checkpoint.getStats(),
         feeAnalysisId: feeAnalysis?.id,
       });
     } else {
-      this.log.warn(`Validation block building FAILED for slot ${this.slot}`, {
-        slot: this.slot,
+      this.log.warn(`Validation block building FAILED for slot ${this.targetSlot}`, {
+        slot: this.targetSlot,
         feeAnalysisId: feeAnalysis?.id,
       });
       this.metrics.recordCheckpointProposalFailed('block_build_failed');
@@ -881,15 +1004,15 @@ export class CheckpointProposalJob implements Traceable {
    */
   private handleHASigningError(err: any, errorContext: string): boolean {
     if (err instanceof DutyAlreadySignedError) {
-      this.log.info(`${errorContext} for slot ${this.slot} already signed by another HA node, yielding`, {
-        slot: this.slot,
+      this.log.info(`${errorContext} for slot ${this.targetSlot} already signed by another HA node, yielding`, {
+        slot: this.targetSlot,
         signedByNode: err.signedByNode,
       });
       return true;
     }
     if (err instanceof SlashingProtectionError) {
-      this.log.info(`${errorContext} for slot ${this.slot} blocked by slashing protection, yielding`, {
-        slot: this.slot,
+      this.log.info(`${errorContext} for slot ${this.targetSlot} blocked by slashing protection, yielding`, {
+        slot: this.targetSlot,
         existingMessageHash: err.existingMessageHash,
         attemptedMessageHash: err.attemptedMessageHash,
       });