@aztec/sequencer-client 0.0.1-commit.993d240 → 0.0.1-commit.9a89641

package/src/sequencer/sequencer.ts

@@ -18,9 +18,18 @@ import type {
   ProposedCheckpointSink,
   ValidateCheckpointResult,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
-import type { Checkpoint, ProposedCheckpointData } from '@aztec/stdlib/checkpoint';
+import {
+  type Checkpoint,
+  type ProposedCheckpointData,
+  buildCheckpointSimulationOverridesPlan,
+} from '@aztec/stdlib/checkpoint';
 import type { ChainConfig } from '@aztec/stdlib/config';
-import { getEpochAtSlot, getSlotStartBuildTimestamp } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
+import { getEpochAtSlot } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
+import {
+  MIN_PER_BLOCK_ALLOCATION_MULTIPLIER,
+  MIN_PER_BLOCK_DA_ALLOCATION_MULTIPLIER,
+  computeNetworkTxGasLimits,
+} from '@aztec/stdlib/gas';
 import {
   type ResolvedSequencerConfig,
   type SequencerConfig,
@@ -30,6 +39,7 @@ import {
 import type { L1ToL2MessageSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/messaging';
 import type { CoordinationSignatureContext } from '@aztec/stdlib/p2p';
 import { pickFromSchema } from '@aztec/stdlib/schemas';
+import { ProposerTimetable, buildProposerTimetable } from '@aztec/stdlib/timetable';
 import { Attributes, type TelemetryClient, type Tracer, getTelemetryClient, trackSpan } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 import { FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder, NodeKeystoreAdapter, type ValidatorClient } from '@aztec/validator-client';
 
@@ -39,14 +49,14 @@ import { DefaultSequencerConfig } from '../config.js';
 import type { GlobalVariableBuilder } from '../global_variable_builder/global_builder.js';
 import type { SequencerPublisherFactory } from '../publisher/sequencer-publisher-factory.js';
 import type { InvalidateCheckpointRequest, SequencerPublisher } from '../publisher/sequencer-publisher.js';
-import { buildCheckpointSimulationOverridesPlan } from './chain_state_overrides.js';
 import { CheckpointProposalJob } from './checkpoint_proposal_job.js';
 import { CheckpointProposalJobMetrics } from './checkpoint_proposal_job_metrics.js';
 import { CheckpointVoter } from './checkpoint_voter.js';
-import { SequencerInterruptedError, SequencerTooSlowError } from './errors.js';
+import { SequencerInterruptedError } from './errors.js';
 import type { SequencerEvents } from './events.js';
 import { SequencerMetrics } from './metrics.js';
-import { SequencerTimetable } from './timetable.js';
+import { logMissingCommittee } from './missing_committee.js';
+import { RequestsTracker } from './requests_tracker.js';
 import type { SequencerRollupConstants } from './types.js';
 import { SequencerState } from './utils.js';
 
@@ -71,22 +81,27 @@ type SequencerSlotContext = {
  * - Votes for proposals and slashes on L1
  */
 export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<SequencerEvents>) {
-  private runningPromise?: RunningPromise;
+  protected runningPromise?: RunningPromise;
   private state = SequencerState.STOPPED;
   private stateSlotNumber: SlotNumber | undefined;
-  private stateEnteredAtMs = performance.now();
+  /** Wall-clock time (ms, via the date provider) at which the current state was entered. */
+  private stateEnteredAtMs: number;
   private metrics: SequencerMetrics;
   private checkpointProposalJobMetrics: CheckpointProposalJobMetrics;
   private readonly stateLog: Logger;
 
-  /** The last slot for which we attempted to perform our voting duties with degraded block production */
-  private lastSlotForFallbackVote: SlotNumber | undefined;
+  /** The last slot for which we attempted to perform our fallback duties (votes and/or prune) with degraded block production */
+  private lastSlotForFallbackAction: SlotNumber | undefined;
+
+  /** The (checkpoint, slot) of the last invalidation request we successfully simulated, to prevent
+   * re-simulating and re-submitting the same invalidation across the many ticks within a single slot. */
+  private lastInvalidationAttempt: { slot: SlotNumber; checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber } | undefined;
 
-  /** The last slot for which we logged "no committee" warning, to avoid spam */
-  private lastSlotForNoCommitteeWarning: SlotNumber | undefined;
+  /** The last epoch for which we logged a "no committee" diagnostic, to avoid per-slot log spam. */
+  private lastEpochForNoCommitteeLog: EpochNumber | undefined;
 
   /** The last slot for which we triggered a checkpoint proposal job, to prevent duplicate attempts. */
-  private lastSlotForCheckpointProposalJob: SlotNumber | undefined;
+  protected lastSlotForCheckpointProposalJob: SlotNumber | undefined;
 
   /** Last successful checkpoint proposed */
   private lastCheckpointProposed: Checkpoint | undefined;
@@ -97,8 +112,19 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
   /** The last checkpoint proposal job, tracked so we can await its pending L1 submission during shutdown. */
   protected lastCheckpointProposalJob: CheckpointProposalJob | undefined;
 
-  /** The maximum number of seconds that the sequencer can be into a slot to transition to a particular state. */
-  protected timetable!: SequencerTimetable;
+  /**
+   * In-flight fire-and-forget requests that {@link stop} interrupts and drains, and {@link pause} awaits
+   * untouched: the checkpoint proposal jobs' backgrounded L1 submissions (each job is handed this shared
+   * tracker) plus the sequencer's own fallback submissions (votes/prune when we cannot build, or
+   * escape-hatch votes). Each fallback send is gated by its wrapper publisher's interruptible target-slot
+   * sleep; the tracked interrupt wakes that sleep so the send short-circuits without publishing. A wrapper
+   * is created for a single send and is never restarted, so once interrupted its sleeper can never publish
+   * a stale-slot tx, even after the pooled publishers are restarted by a later {@link start}.
+   */
+  protected readonly pendingRequests = new RequestsTracker();
+
+  /** Proposer schedule and block sub-slot timetable for the sequencer, rebuilt on every config update. */
+  protected timetable!: ProposerTimetable;
 
   /** Config for the sequencer */
   protected config: ResolvedSequencerConfig = DefaultSequencerConfig;
@@ -124,6 +150,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
   ) {
     super();
     this.stateLog = log.createChild('state');
+    this.stateEnteredAtMs = this.dateProvider.now();
 
     // Add [FISHERMAN] prefix to logger if in fisherman mode
     if (config.fishermanMode) {
@@ -139,25 +166,119 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     this.updateConfig(config);
   }
 
-  /** Updates sequencer config by the defined values and updates the timetable */
+  /**
+   * Updates sequencer config by the defined values and rebuilds the timetable.
+   *
+   * The merged config is validated against a candidate before being committed: {@link buildTimetable} may
+   * reject the candidate (invalid timing geometry, or per-block allocation multipliers below the network
+   * minimums). On rejection we leave `this.config` and `this.timetable` untouched and rethrow, so a bad update
+   * never leaves the sequencer running with a rejected config and a stale timetable.
+   */
   public updateConfig(config: Partial<SequencerConfig>) {
     const filteredConfig = pickFromSchema(config, SequencerConfigSchema);
+    const candidate = merge(this.config, filteredConfig);
+    let timetable: ProposerTimetable;
+    try {
+      timetable = this.buildTimetable(candidate);
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.log.warn(`Rejecting sequencer config update: ${(err as Error).message}`, {
+        rejectedConfig: omit(filteredConfig, 'txPublicSetupAllowListExtend'),
+      });
+      throw err;
+    }
+    this.config = candidate;
+    this.timetable = timetable;
     this.log.info(`Updated sequencer config`, omit(filteredConfig, 'txPublicSetupAllowListExtend'));
-    this.config = merge(this.config, filteredConfig);
-    const p2pPropagationTime = this.config.attestationPropagationTime;
-    this.timetable = new SequencerTimetable(
-      {
-        ethereumSlotDuration: this.l1Constants.ethereumSlotDuration,
-        aztecSlotDuration: this.aztecSlotDuration,
-        l1PublishingTime: this.l1PublishingTime,
-        p2pPropagationTime,
-        blockDurationMs: this.config.blockDurationMs,
-        enforce: this.config.enforceTimeTable,
-        pipelining: this.epochCache.isProposerPipeliningEnabled(),
-      },
-      this.metrics,
-      this.log,
-    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds the proposer timetable from the given config and L1 constants via the shared
+   * {@link buildProposerTimetable} helper, so the sequencer derives the same blocks-per-checkpoint as the p2p
+   * layer and `getNodeInfo`. The fast local/e2e profile and budget clamping happen inside
+   * {@link ProposerTimetable}.
+   *
+   * Throws if the timing geometry is invalid or the per-block allocation multipliers are below the network
+   * minimums; callers must treat a throw as a rejected config and not commit it.
+   */
+  private buildTimetable(config: ResolvedSequencerConfig): ProposerTimetable {
+    const timetable = buildProposerTimetable(config, this.l1Constants);
+
+    const maxNumberOfBlocks = timetable.getMaxBlocksPerCheckpoint();
+    this.log.info(`Sequencer timetable initialized with ${maxNumberOfBlocks} blocks per slot`, {
+      aztecSlotDuration: timetable.aztecSlotDuration,
+      ethereumSlotDuration: timetable.ethereumSlotDuration,
+      blockDuration: timetable.blockDuration,
+      minBlockDuration: timetable.minBlockDuration,
+      p2pPropagationTime: timetable.p2pPropagationTime,
+      checkpointProposalPrepareTime: timetable.checkpointProposalPrepareTime,
+      maxNumberOfBlocks,
+    });
+
+    this.assertConfigMeetsNetworkTxLimits(config, maxNumberOfBlocks);
+
+    return timetable;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks this node's configured per-block allocation against the network admission limit. A node
+   * advertises and admits txs up to the limit derived from the network-minimum multipliers (see
+   * {@link computeNetworkTxGasLimits}).
+   *
+   * Fails startup (and runtime config updates) only when the configured per-block allocation *multipliers*
+   * (`perBlockAllocationMultiplier` / `perBlockDAAllocationMultiplier`) are below the network minimums: such
+   * a node would accept txs over RPC/gossip that its builder can never pack into a block regardless of block
+   * size. Operators may configure a higher (more generous) multiplier, but not a lower one.
+   *
+   * When the multipliers meet the floor but an absolute per-block gas cap (`maxDABlockGas` / `maxL2BlockGas`)
+   * shrinks the builder's effective grant below the network limit, this is legitimate operator
+   * restrictiveness — the node simply builds smaller blocks and such txs stay in the pool for other
+   * proposers — so we only log a warning rather than failing startup. Restrictive tx-count caps
+   * (`maxTxsPerBlock` / `maxTxsPerCheckpoint`) can likewise make the builder skip admitted txs; they are
+   * intentionally not modeled here for the same reason.
+   */
+  private assertConfigMeetsNetworkTxLimits(config: ResolvedSequencerConfig, maxBlocksPerCheckpoint: number) {
+    // Mirror CheckpointBuilder.capLimitsByCheckpointBudgets: DA falls back to the general multiplier.
+    const l2Multiplier = config.perBlockAllocationMultiplier;
+    const daMultiplier = config.perBlockDAAllocationMultiplier ?? l2Multiplier;
+
+    // The allocation is monotonic in the multiplier, so a multiplier at or above the network minimum
+    // guarantees the builder grants at least the network admission limit. Checking the multipliers directly
+    // is sufficient (and strictly more conservative than modeling the resulting gas grant).
+    if (daMultiplier < MIN_PER_BLOCK_DA_ALLOCATION_MULTIPLIER) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `perBlockDAAllocationMultiplier (${daMultiplier}) is below the network minimum ` +
+          `${MIN_PER_BLOCK_DA_ALLOCATION_MULTIPLIER}; the node would admit txs its own builder can never include.`,
+      );
+    }
+    if (l2Multiplier < MIN_PER_BLOCK_ALLOCATION_MULTIPLIER) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `perBlockAllocationMultiplier (${l2Multiplier}) is below the network minimum ` +
+          `${MIN_PER_BLOCK_ALLOCATION_MULTIPLIER}; the node would admit txs its own builder can never include.`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Absolute per-block gas caps below the network admission limit are legitimate operator restrictiveness:
+    // the node simply builds smaller blocks and such txs stay in the pool for other proposers. Warn only.
+    const networkLimit = computeNetworkTxGasLimits({
+      maxBlocksPerCheckpoint,
+      manaCheckpointBudget: this.l1Constants.rollupManaLimit,
+    });
+    if (config.maxDABlockGas !== undefined && config.maxDABlockGas < networkLimit.daGas) {
+      this.log.warn(
+        `Sequencer maxDABlockGas (${config.maxDABlockGas}) is below the network DA admission limit ` +
+          `(${networkLimit.daGas}): txs declaring more DA gas are admitted over RPC/gossip but will be skipped ` +
+          `by this proposer's own blocks and left in the pool for other proposers.`,
+        { maxDABlockGas: config.maxDABlockGas, networkDaGas: networkLimit.daGas, maxBlocksPerCheckpoint },
+      );
+    }
+    if (config.maxL2BlockGas !== undefined && config.maxL2BlockGas < networkLimit.l2Gas) {
+      this.log.warn(
+        `Sequencer maxL2BlockGas (${config.maxL2BlockGas}) is below the network L2 admission limit ` +
+          `(${networkLimit.l2Gas}): txs declaring more L2 gas are admitted over RPC/gossip but will be skipped ` +
+          `by this proposer's own blocks and left in the pool for other proposers.`,
+        { maxL2BlockGas: config.maxL2BlockGas, networkL2Gas: networkLimit.l2Gas, maxBlocksPerCheckpoint },
+      );
+    }
   }
 
   /** Initializes the sequencer (precomputes tables). Takes about 3s. */
@@ -165,8 +286,22 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     getKzg();
   }
 
-  /** Starts the sequencer and moves to IDLE state. */
+  /**
+   * Starts (or restarts) the sequencer and moves it to the IDLE state. Idempotent: a start while already
+   * running is a no-op, so it never orphans the previous poll loop. A start while STOPPING throws, since the
+   * in-flight stop would mark the fresh loop's state STOPPED and orphan it — silently doing nothing would
+   * leave the caller believing the sequencer is running when it is on its way to STOPPED. Safe to call after
+   * a previous {@link stop} has resolved; the caller must also restart the publishers (see
+   * {@link SequencerClient.start}) so L1 publishing is re-enabled.
+   */
   public start() {
+    if (this.state === SequencerState.STOPPING) {
+      throw new Error('Cannot start sequencer while it is stopping');
+    }
+    if (this.runningPromise?.isRunning()) {
+      this.log.warn('Attempted to start sequencer that is already running');
+      return;
+    }
     this.runningPromise = new RunningPromise(
       this.safeWork.bind(this),
       this.log,
@@ -182,33 +317,63 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     return this.runningPromise?.trigger();
   }
 
-  /** Stops the sequencer from building blocks and moves to STOPPED state. */
+  /**
+   * Stops the sequencer from building blocks and moves it to STOPPED state, interrupting the in-flight
+   * work() iteration and its pending L1 submissions for a fast shutdown, then draining before returning.
+   * Idempotent: a second call while already stopped or stopping is a no-op. Lifecycle calls are expected
+   * to be serialized by the caller. For a restartable pause that lets in-flight work finish untouched
+   * (e.g. around a test clock warp), use {@link pause} instead.
+   */
   public async stop(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.state === SequencerState.STOPPED || this.state === SequencerState.STOPPING) {
+      this.log.debug(`Sequencer already ${this.state.toLowerCase()}, ignoring stop`);
+      return;
+    }
     this.log.info(`Stopping sequencer`);
     this.setState(SequencerState.STOPPING, undefined, { force: true });
+    this.lastCheckpointProposalJob?.interrupt();
     await this.publisherFactory.stopAll();
+    // Stop the poll loop and await the in-flight work() iteration. work() registers its fire-and-forget
+    // requests synchronously before returning, so once the loop has stopped, pendingRequests holds every
+    // request that will ever exist. Interrupting any earlier could miss a request registered by the last
+    // in-flight iteration.
     await this.runningPromise?.stop();
-    await this.lastCheckpointProposalJob?.awaitPendingSubmission();
+    this.pendingRequests.interruptRequests();
+    await this.pendingRequests.awaitRequests();
     this.setState(SequencerState.STOPPED, undefined, { force: true });
     this.log.info('Stopped sequencer');
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Gracefully pauses block production so the sequencer can later be resumed with {@link start}: halts the
+   * poll loop and waits for the in-flight work() iteration and every pending L1 submission / fallback send
+   * to finish, without interrupting them. No interrupt lands mid-build, so no spurious checkpoint-error is
+   * emitted and no enqueued checkpoint is dropped. Deliberately does not stop inner services (validator/HA
+   * signer, publishers), so the slashing-protection store stays open and the sequencer stays restartable.
+   * Used by tests that pause sequencers around an L1 clock warp. Idempotent.
+   */
+  public async pause(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.runningPromise?.isRunning()) {
+      this.log.debug('Sequencer not running, ignoring pause');
+      return;
+    }
+    this.log.info('Pausing sequencer');
+    // Halt the poll loop and let the in-flight iteration finish naturally — no interrupt, and no STOPPING
+    // state, since entering STOPPING would make the iteration's own setState calls throw and fail it.
+    // work() registers its fire-and-forget requests synchronously before returning, so once the loop has
+    // stopped pendingRequests holds every request that will ever exist; awaiting it lets them all finish.
+    await this.runningPromise.stop();
+    await this.pendingRequests.awaitRequests();
+    this.log.info('Paused sequencer');
+  }
+
   /** Main sequencer loop with a try/catch */
   protected async safeWork() {
     try {
       await this.work();
     } catch (err) {
-      if (
-        err instanceof SequencerTooSlowError &&
-        [SequencerState.INITIALIZING_CHECKPOINT, SequencerState.PROPOSER_CHECK].includes(err.proposedState)
-      ) {
-        // No need to alert if we just didn't get to start in time
-        this.log.debug(err.message, { now: this.dateProvider.nowInSeconds() });
-      } else {
-        // Re-throw other errors
-        this.emit('checkpoint-error', { error: err as Error });
-        throw err;
-      }
+      this.emit('checkpoint-error', { error: err as Error });
+      throw err;
     } finally {
       this.setState(SequencerState.IDLE, undefined);
     }
@@ -271,9 +436,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
   /** Returns slot and target slot from a single clock snapshot. */
   protected getSlotContextInNextL1Slot(): SequencerSlotContext {
     const { slot, ts, nowSeconds, epoch } = this.epochCache.getEpochAndSlotInNextL1Slot();
-    const targetSlot = SlotNumber(
-      slot + (this.epochCache.isProposerPipeliningEnabled() ? PROPOSER_PIPELINING_SLOT_OFFSET : 0),
-    );
+    const targetSlot = SlotNumber(slot + PROPOSER_PIPELINING_SLOT_OFFSET);
     return { slot, targetSlot, epoch, targetEpoch: getEpochAtSlot(targetSlot, this.l1Constants), ts, nowSeconds };
   }
 
@@ -291,14 +454,8 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     ts: bigint,
     nowSeconds: bigint,
   ): Promise<CheckpointProposalJob | undefined> {
-    // Check we have not already processed this target slot (cheapest check)
-    // We only check this if enforce timetable is set, since we want to keep processing the same slot if we are not
-    // running against actual time (eg when we use sandbox-style automining)
-    if (
-      this.lastSlotForCheckpointProposalJob &&
-      this.lastSlotForCheckpointProposalJob >= targetSlot &&
-      this.config.enforceTimeTable
-    ) {
+    // Check we have not already processed this target slot (cheapest check).
+    if (this.lastSlotForCheckpointProposalJob && this.lastSlotForCheckpointProposalJob >= targetSlot) {
       this.log.trace(`Target slot ${targetSlot} has already been processed`);
       return undefined;
     }
@@ -320,12 +477,11 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       return undefined;
     }
 
-    // Check all components are synced to latest as seen by the archiver (queries all subsystems)
-    const syncedTo = await this.checkSync({ ts, slot });
-    if (!syncedTo) {
-      await this.tryVoteWhenSyncFails({ slot, targetSlot, ts });
-      return undefined;
-    }
+    // Cheap proposer check first: most nodes are not the proposer for most slots, so gate the
+    // expensive multi-subsystem checkSync (and the rest of the build path) behind it. Computed once
+    // here and reused for the escape-hatch voting path below. No setState/timing gate on this path:
+    // the build-start deadline gate runs only on the proposer build path after a successful checkSync.
+    const [canPropose, proposer] = await this.checkCanPropose(targetSlot);
 
     // If escape hatch is open for the target epoch, do not start checkpoint proposal work and do not attempt invalidations.
     // Still perform governance/slashing voting (as proposer) once per slot.
@@ -333,8 +489,6 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     const isEscapeHatchOpen = await this.epochCache.isEscapeHatchOpen(targetEpoch);
 
     if (isEscapeHatchOpen) {
-      this.setState(SequencerState.PROPOSER_CHECK, slot);
-      const [canPropose, proposer] = await this.checkCanPropose(targetSlot);
       if (canPropose) {
         await this.tryVoteWhenEscapeHatchOpen({ slot, targetSlot, proposer });
       } else {
@@ -347,6 +501,50 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       return undefined;
     }
 
+    // If we are not the proposer, check whether we should invalidate an invalid pending chain (a
+    // liveness backstop) and bail before any sync work or build-timing gate. This reads only the
+    // archiver's pending-chain validation status, which is authoritative on its own, instead of
+    // running the full sync check. Wrapped in try/catch because this leaner path skips the broader
+    // proposed-checkpoint/tip coherence screen that checkSync applied, so transient archiver
+    // incoherence surfaces as a quiet skip rather than a work-loop error.
+    if (!canPropose) {
+      try {
+        const pendingChainValidationStatus = await this.l2BlockSource.getPendingChainValidationStatus();
+        await this.considerInvalidatingCheckpoint(pendingChainValidationStatus, slot);
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.log.warn(`Failed to consider invalidating checkpoint`, { err, slot, targetSlot });
+      }
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // Explicit build-loop entry gate: if we are past the latest useful block-building start for the
+    // target slot, abandon building for this slot. The proposer prioritizes the ideal L1-publish path
+    // and does not plan around the late consensus-handoff path. This is the proposer build path's
+    // timing gate; it runs only after we know we are the synced proposer, so non-proposer invalidation
+    // and escape-hatch voting (which returned above) are never gated by build timing. Vote-only paths
+    // still run when block building is abandoned.
+    const startDeadline = this.timetable.getBuildStartDeadline(targetSlot);
+    const nowForStartGate = this.dateProvider.now() / 1000;
+    if (nowForStartGate > startDeadline) {
+      this.log.debug(`Past start deadline for slot ${targetSlot}, abandoning block building`, {
+        targetSlot,
+        nowForStartGate,
+        startDeadline,
+      });
+      // Mark the slot as attempted so a deadline abort is not retried within the same slot. Vote-only actions
+      // still need to run because sync can succeed even when it is too late to start building a checkpoint.
+      await this.tryVoteAndPruneWhenCannotBuild({ slot, targetSlot });
+      this.lastSlotForCheckpointProposalJob = targetSlot;
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // We are the proposer, the escape hatch is closed, and we have time before the build start deadline.
+    // Now run the full sync check before building.
+    const syncedTo = await this.checkSync({ ts, slot });
+    if (!syncedTo) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
     // Next checkpoint follows from the last synced one
     const checkpointNumber = CheckpointNumber(syncedTo.checkpointNumber + 1);
 
@@ -360,15 +558,8 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       isPendingChainValid: pick(syncedTo.pendingChainValidationStatus, 'valid', 'reason', 'invalidIndex'),
     };
 
-    // Check that we are a proposer for the target slot.
-    this.setState(SequencerState.PROPOSER_CHECK, slot);
-    const [canPropose, proposer] = await this.checkCanPropose(targetSlot);
-
-    // If we are not a proposer check if we should invalidate an invalid checkpoint, and bail
-    if (!canPropose) {
-      await this.considerInvalidatingCheckpoint(syncedTo, slot);
-      return undefined;
-    }
+    // We are the synced proposer within the build window; enter the proposer-check state and build.
+    this.setState(SequencerState.PROPOSER_CHECK, targetSlot);
 
     // Guard: don't exceed 1-deep pipeline. Without a proposed checkpoint, we can only build
     // confirmed + 1. With a proposed checkpoint, we can build confirmed + 2.
@@ -398,13 +589,11 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     const { attestorAddress, publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(proposerForPublisher);
     this.log.verbose(`Created publisher at address ${publisher.getSenderAddress()} for attestor ${attestorAddress}`);
 
-    const isPipelining = this.epochCache.isProposerPipeliningEnabled();
-
     // Prepare invalidation request if the pending chain is invalid (returns undefined if no need).
     // Only simulate invalidation when there's no proposed parent, since we assume the proposed parent
     // will invalidate the currently invalid checkpoint on L1.
     const invalidateCheckpoint =
-      (isPipelining && syncedTo.hasProposedCheckpoint) || syncedTo.pendingChainValidationStatus.valid
+      syncedTo.hasProposedCheckpoint || syncedTo.pendingChainValidationStatus.valid
         ? undefined
         : await publisher.simulateInvalidateCheckpoint(syncedTo.pendingChainValidationStatus);
 
@@ -413,7 +602,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     // When invalidating or pipelining, the local archive may differ from L1's, so we adjust accordingly.
     let archiveForCheck = syncedTo.archive;
 
-    if (isPipelining && syncedTo.hasProposedCheckpoint) {
+    if (syncedTo.hasProposedCheckpoint) {
       this.metrics.recordPipelineDepth(syncedTo.checkpointNumber - syncedTo.checkpointedCheckpointNumber);
       this.log.verbose(
         `Building on top of proposed checkpoint (pending=${syncedTo.proposedCheckpointData?.checkpointNumber}) for target slot ${targetSlot}`,
@@ -439,8 +628,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     // plus the parent checkpoint cell and fee header when pipelining.
     const simulationOverridesPlan = await buildCheckpointSimulationOverridesPlan({
       checkpointNumber,
-      proposedCheckpointData:
-        isPipelining && syncedTo.hasProposedCheckpoint ? syncedTo.proposedCheckpointData : undefined,
+      proposedCheckpointData: syncedTo.hasProposedCheckpoint ? syncedTo.proposedCheckpointData : undefined,
       invalidateToPendingCheckpointNumber: invalidateCheckpoint?.forcePendingCheckpointNumber,
       checkpointedCheckpointNumber: syncedTo.checkpointedCheckpointNumber,
       rollup: this.rollupContract,
@@ -464,7 +652,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     this.emit('preparing-checkpoint', {
       targetSlot,
       checkpointNumber,
-      hadProposedParent: this.epochCache.isProposerPipeliningEnabled() && syncedTo.hasProposedCheckpoint,
+      hadProposedParent: syncedTo.hasProposedCheckpoint,
       provenOverride,
       simulatedPending: simulationOverridesPlan?.chainTipsOverride?.pending,
     });
@@ -526,13 +714,11 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
         ...logCtx,
         ...proposeContext,
         proposer,
-        pipeliningEnabled: this.epochCache.isProposerPipeliningEnabled(),
       },
     );
 
     // Create and return the checkpoint proposal job
     return this.createCheckpointProposalJob(
-      slot,
       targetSlot,
       targetEpoch,
       checkpointNumber,
@@ -547,7 +733,6 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
   }
 
   protected createCheckpointProposalJob(
-    slot: SlotNumber,
     targetSlot: SlotNumber,
     targetEpoch: EpochNumber,
     checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber,
@@ -560,7 +745,6 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     proposedCheckpointData?: ProposedCheckpointData,
   ): CheckpointProposalJob {
     return new CheckpointProposalJob(
-      slot,
       targetSlot,
       targetEpoch,
       checkpointNumber,
@@ -588,6 +772,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       this.metrics,
       this.checkpointProposalJobMetrics.createRecorder(),
       this,
+      this.pendingRequests,
       this.setState.bind(this),
       this.tracer,
       this.log.getBindings(),
@@ -603,9 +788,11 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
   }
 
   /**
-   * Internal helper for setting the sequencer state and checks if we have enough time left in the slot to transition to the new state.
+   * Internal helper for setting the sequencer state. Pure: sets the state, emits `state-changed`, and
+   * records metrics. Timing deadlines are queried explicitly at the relevant call sites, not gated here.
    * @param proposedState - The new state to transition to.
-   * @param slotNumber - The current slot number.
+   * @param slotNumber - The target slot being proposed for, emitted as `targetSlot` on the event payload
+   * and used to anchor `secondsIntoBuildFrame`. Undefined for lifecycle states with no associated slot.
    * @param force - Whether to force the transition even if the sequencer is stopped.
    */
   protected setState(
@@ -621,16 +808,14 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       this.log.warn(`Cannot set sequencer from ${this.state} to ${proposedState} as it is stopped.`);
       return;
     }
-    let secondsIntoSlot = undefined;
-    if (slotNumber !== undefined) {
-      secondsIntoSlot = this.getSecondsIntoSlot(slotNumber);
-      this.timetable.assertTimeLeft(proposedState, secondsIntoSlot);
-    }
+    const secondsIntoBuildFrame = slotNumber !== undefined ? this.getSecondsIntoBuildFrame(slotNumber) : undefined;
 
     const oldState = this.state;
     const oldStateSlotNumber = this.stateSlotNumber;
     const stateChanged = proposedState !== oldState;
-    const transitionAtMs = performance.now();
+    // Wall-clock time spent in the previous state: the delta between consecutive state-changing setState
+    // calls, read from the date provider so it tracks simulated time under a test/manual clock.
+    const transitionAtMs = this.dateProvider.now();
     const stateDurationMs = transitionAtMs - this.stateEnteredAtMs;
 
     const boringStates = [SequencerState.IDLE, SequencerState.SYNCHRONIZING];
@@ -641,15 +826,15 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       newState: proposedState,
       slotNumber,
       stateSlotNumber: oldStateSlotNumber,
-      secondsIntoSlot,
+      secondsIntoBuildFrame,
       ...(stateChanged && { stateDurationMs: Math.ceil(stateDurationMs) }),
     });
 
     this.emit('state-changed', {
       oldState,
       newState: proposedState,
-      secondsIntoSlot,
-      slot: slotNumber,
+      secondsIntoBuildFrame,
+      targetSlot: slotNumber,
     });
     if (stateChanged) {
       this.metrics.recordStateDuration(stateDurationMs, oldState);
@@ -682,9 +867,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
         number: syncSummary.latestBlockNumber,
         hash: syncSummary.latestBlockHash,
       })),
-      this.l2BlockSource
-        .getL2Tips()
-        .then(t => ({ proposed: t.proposed, checkpointed: t.checkpointed, proposedCheckpoint: t.proposedCheckpoint })),
+      this.l2BlockSource.getL2Tips().then(t => ({ proposed: t.proposed, checkpointed: t.checkpointed })),
       this.p2pClient.getStatus().then(p2p => p2p.syncedToL2Block),
       this.l1ToL2MessageSource.getL2Tips().then(t => ({ proposed: t.proposed, checkpointed: t.checkpointed })),
       this.l2BlockSource.getPendingChainValidationStatus(),
@@ -729,46 +912,29 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     // matching proposed checkpoint (e.g. it crashed before assembling it). Building on this orphan block
     // would fork the chain off a tip no other node can follow. The archiver prunes these orphan blocks
     // once their build slot ends; this guard is the correctness barrier during the grace window before.
+    // `getProposedCheckpointData()` returns the latest proposed checkpoint payload, which is always
+    // the leading one (a proposed entry is only stored beyond the confirmed frontier and is deleted
+    // on confirmation). It carries no tip, so there is no tip-vs-payload split read to reconcile.
     if (
       blockData.checkpointNumber > l2Tips.checkpointed.checkpoint.number &&
-      (l2Tips.proposedCheckpoint.checkpoint.number !== blockData.checkpointNumber ||
-        proposedCheckpointData?.checkpointNumber !== blockData.checkpointNumber)
+      proposedCheckpointData?.checkpointNumber !== blockData.checkpointNumber
     ) {
-      this.log.warn(`Sequencer sync check failed: proposed block has no matching proposed checkpoint`, {
+      const logCtx = {
         blockCheckpointNumber: blockData.checkpointNumber,
         checkpointedCheckpointNumber: l2Tips.checkpointed.checkpoint.number,
-        proposedCheckpointTipNumber: l2Tips.proposedCheckpoint.checkpoint.number,
-        proposedCheckpointDataNumber: proposedCheckpointData?.checkpointNumber,
+        proposedCheckpointTipNumber: proposedCheckpointData?.checkpointNumber,
         blockNumber: blockData.header.getBlockNumber(),
         blockSlot: blockData.header.getSlot(),
         syncedL2Slot,
         ...args,
-      });
-      return undefined;
-    }
-
-    const hasProposedCheckpoint = l2Tips.proposedCheckpoint.checkpoint.number > l2Tips.checkpointed.checkpoint.number;
+      };
 
-    // The l2Tips and proposedCheckpointData reads above come from independent archiver snapshots
-    // (a JS-side tips cache vs. a direct store read on `#proposedCheckpoints`). A concurrent archiver
-    // write that mutates both can be observed split, leaving us with `hasProposedCheckpoint=true` but
-    // no proposedCheckpointData (or one whose number doesn't match the tip). Refuse to proceed in that
-    // window — the next checkSync tick will see a coherent snapshot.
-    if (
-      hasProposedCheckpoint &&
-      (!proposedCheckpointData ||
-        proposedCheckpointData.checkpointNumber !== l2Tips.proposedCheckpoint.checkpoint.number)
-    ) {
-      this.log.warn(`Sequencer sync check failed: inconsistent proposed-checkpoint state`, {
-        proposedCheckpointTipNumber: l2Tips.proposedCheckpoint.checkpoint.number,
-        checkpointedTipNumber: l2Tips.checkpointed.checkpoint.number,
-        proposedCheckpointDataNumber: proposedCheckpointData?.checkpointNumber,
-        syncedL2Slot,
-        ...args,
-      });
+      this.log.debug(`Waiting for proposed checkpoint to catch up with reexecuted block`, logCtx);
       return undefined;
     }
 
+    const hasProposedCheckpoint = proposedCheckpointData !== undefined;
+
     // Check that the proposed checkpoint is indeed the parent of the checkpoint we'll be building
     // The checkpoint number to build is derived as blockData.checkpointNumber + 1
     if (proposedCheckpointData && proposedCheckpointData.checkpointNumber !== blockData.checkpointNumber) {
@@ -805,9 +971,17 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       proposer = await this.epochCache.getProposerAttesterAddressInSlot(targetSlot);
     } catch (e) {
       if (e instanceof NoCommitteeError) {
-        if (this.lastSlotForNoCommitteeWarning !== targetSlot) {
-          this.lastSlotForNoCommitteeWarning = targetSlot;
-          this.log.warn(`Cannot propose at target slot ${targetSlot} since the committee does not exist on L1`);
+        const targetEpoch = getEpochAtSlot(targetSlot, this.l1Constants);
+        if (this.lastEpochForNoCommitteeLog !== targetEpoch) {
+          this.lastEpochForNoCommitteeLog = targetEpoch;
+          await logMissingCommittee(targetSlot, targetEpoch, {
+            epochCache: this.epochCache,
+            rollupContract: this.rollupContract,
+            l2BlockSource: this.l2BlockSource,
+            l1Constants: this.l1Constants,
+            dateProvider: this.dateProvider,
+            logger: this.log,
+          });
         }
         return [false, undefined];
       }
@@ -844,36 +1018,29 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
   }
 
   /**
-   * Tries to vote on slashing actions and governance when the sync check fails but we're past the max time for initializing a proposal.
-   * This allows the sequencer to participate in governance/slashing votes even when it cannot build blocks.
+   * Tries to vote on slashing actions and governance and to prune when we cannot build and are past the
+   * block-building window. This allows the sequencer to participate in governance/slashing votes even when it
+   * cannot build blocks, and to prune the pending chain so it can recover from bad data that is blocking sync.
    */
-  @trackSpan('Seqeuencer.tryVoteWhenSyncFails', ({ slot }) => ({ [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: slot }))
-  protected async tryVoteWhenSyncFails(args: { slot: SlotNumber; targetSlot: SlotNumber; ts: bigint }): Promise<void> {
+  @trackSpan('Sequencer.tryVoteAndPruneWhenCannotBuild', ({ slot }) => ({ [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: slot }))
+  protected async tryVoteAndPruneWhenCannotBuild(args: { slot: SlotNumber; targetSlot: SlotNumber }): Promise<void> {
     const { slot, targetSlot } = args;
 
     // Prevent duplicate attempts in the same slot
-    if (this.lastSlotForFallbackVote === slot) {
-      this.log.trace(`Already attempted to vote in slot ${slot} (skipping)`);
+    if (this.lastSlotForFallbackAction === slot) {
+      this.log.trace(`Already attempted fallback actions in slot ${slot} (skipping)`);
       return;
     }
 
-    // Check if we're past the max time for initializing a proposal
-    const secondsIntoSlot = this.getSecondsIntoSlot(slot);
-    const maxAllowedTime = this.timetable.getMaxAllowedTime(SequencerState.INITIALIZING_CHECKPOINT);
-
-    // If we haven't exceeded the time limit for initializing a proposal, don't proceed with voting
-    // We use INITIALIZING_PROPOSAL time limit because if we're past that, we can't build a block anyway
-    if (maxAllowedTime === undefined || secondsIntoSlot <= maxAllowedTime) {
-      this.log.trace(`Not attempting to vote since there is still time for block building`, {
-        secondsIntoSlot,
-        maxAllowedTime,
-      });
-      return;
-    }
+    // Vote-only actions do not give up the slot: if sync recovers, a later work-loop iteration can still build.
+    // Under proposer pipelining the work loop reasons about the next L1 slot, so waiting for the target slot's
+    // build-start deadline can miss the whole fallback window when the target advances with the clock.
+    const nowSeconds = this.dateProvider.now() / 1000;
+    const startDeadline = this.timetable.getBuildStartDeadline(targetSlot);
 
-    this.log.trace(`Sync for slot ${slot} failed, checking for voting opportunities`, {
-      secondsIntoSlot,
-      maxAllowedTime,
+    this.log.trace(`Cannot build for slot ${slot}, checking for voting opportunities`, {
+      nowSeconds,
+      startDeadline,
     });
 
     // Check if we're a proposer or proposal is open
@@ -884,7 +1051,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     }
 
     // Mark this slot as attempted
-    this.lastSlotForFallbackVote = slot;
+    this.lastSlotForFallbackAction = slot;
 
     // Get a publisher for voting
     const { attestorAddress, publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(proposer);
@@ -909,19 +1076,41 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     const votesPromises = voter.enqueueVotes();
     const votes = await Promise.all(votesPromises);
 
-    if (votes.every(p => !p)) {
-      this.log.debug(`No votes to enqueue for slot ${slot}`);
+    // Even if we cannot build, try to prune so a stuck pending chain (e.g. bad data blocking sync) can
+    // recover. prune() is permissionless, so it rides the same fallback multicall as the votes.
+    const pruneEnqueued = await this.tryEnqueuePruneIfPrunable(targetSlot, publisher);
+
+    // Bail if nothing to do
+    if (votes.every(p => !p) && !pruneEnqueued) {
+      this.log.debug(`Nothing to enqueue for slot ${slot} (no votes, not prunable)`);
       return;
     }
 
-    this.log.info(`Voting in slot ${slot} despite sync failure`, { slot });
+    const [governanceVoteEnqueued, slashingVoteEnqueued] = votes;
+    this.log.info(`Submitting fallback requests in slot ${slot} despite sync failure`, {
+      slot,
+      pruneEnqueued,
+      governanceVoteEnqueued: !!governanceVoteEnqueued,
+      slashingVoteEnqueued: !!slashingVoteEnqueued,
+    });
+
     // Votes are EIP-712-signed for `targetSlot` (the pipelined slot in which the multicall is
     // expected to mine). Delay submission to the start of `targetSlot` so the tx mines in the
     // slot the votes were signed for. We fire-and-forget so we don't block the sequencer's
-    // work loop while waiting for the target slot to start.
-    void publisher.sendRequestsAt(targetSlot).catch(err => {
-      this.log.error(`Failed to publish votes despite sync failure for slot ${slot}`, err, { slot });
+    // work loop while waiting for the target slot to start, but track it so stop() can drain it.
+    const send = publisher.sendRequestsAt(targetSlot).catch(err => {
+      this.log.error(`Failed to publish fallback requests despite sync failure for slot ${slot}`, err, { slot });
     });
+    this.pendingRequests.trackRequest(send, () => publisher.interrupt());
+  }
+
+  private async tryEnqueuePruneIfPrunable(targetSlot: SlotNumber, publisher: SequencerPublisher): Promise<boolean> {
+    try {
+      return await publisher.enqueuePruneIfPrunable(targetSlot);
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.log.error(`Failed to enqueue rollup prune for slot ${targetSlot}`, err, { targetSlot });
+      return false;
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -937,13 +1126,13 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     const { slot, targetSlot, proposer } = args;
 
     // Prevent duplicate attempts in the same slot
-    if (this.lastSlotForFallbackVote === slot) {
+    if (this.lastSlotForFallbackAction === slot) {
       this.log.trace(`Already attempted to vote in slot ${slot} (escape hatch open, skipping)`);
       return;
     }
 
     // Mark this slot as attempted
-    this.lastSlotForFallbackVote = slot;
+    this.lastSlotForFallbackAction = slot;
 
     const { attestorAddress, publisher } = await this.publisherFactory.create(proposer);
 
@@ -956,8 +1145,7 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     // Under proposer pipelining, the multicall is expected to mine in `targetSlot` (slot + 1).
     // Governance and slashing votes are EIP-712-signed against the slot they will mine in, and the
     // L1 contract checks `msg.sender == getCurrentProposer()` using the mining slot. So we must
-    // sign for `targetSlot` and delay submission to the start of `targetSlot`. When pipelining is
-    // disabled `targetSlot == slot` and `sendRequestsAt` resolves with no extra sleep.
+    // sign for `targetSlot` and delay submission to the start of `targetSlot`.
     const voter = new CheckpointVoter(
       targetSlot,
       publisher,
@@ -983,10 +1171,12 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     // the multicall mines in the slot the votes were signed for; otherwise the L1 contract reads
     // `signaler = getCurrentProposer()` against the wrong slot and signature verification fails
     // silently inside Multicall3. Fire-and-forget so we don't block the sequencer's work loop while
-    // waiting for the target slot to start, mirroring tryVoteWhenSyncFails.
-    void publisher.sendRequestsAt(targetSlot).catch(err => {
+    // waiting for the target slot to start, mirroring tryVoteAndPruneWhenCannotBuild, but tracked so
+    // stop() can drain it.
+    const send = publisher.sendRequestsAt(targetSlot).catch(err => {
       this.log.error(`Failed to publish escape-hatch votes for slot ${slot}`, err, { slot, targetSlot });
     });
+    this.pendingRequests.trackRequest(send, () => publisher.interrupt());
   }
 
   /**
@@ -994,17 +1184,34 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
    * has been there without being invalidated and whether the sequencer is in the committee or not. We always
    * have the proposer try to invalidate, but if they fail, the sequencers in the committee are expected to try,
    * and if they fail, any sequencer will try as well.
+   * @param pendingChainValidationStatus - The archiver's pending-chain validation status, authoritative on its own.
+   * @param currentSlot - The wall-clock slot, used for committee lookup, the per-(checkpoint, slot) dedup guard, and logging.
    */
   protected async considerInvalidatingCheckpoint(
-    syncedTo: SequencerSyncCheckResult,
+    pendingChainValidationStatus: ValidateCheckpointResult,
     currentSlot: SlotNumber,
   ): Promise<void> {
-    const { pendingChainValidationStatus, syncedL2Slot } = syncedTo;
     if (pendingChainValidationStatus.valid) {
       return;
     }
 
     const invalidCheckpointNumber = pendingChainValidationStatus.checkpoint.checkpointNumber;
+
+    // Avoid re-running the committee lookup, simulation, and submission on every tick within a slot.
+    // The guard is keyed by (checkpoint, slot) — so a different invalid checkpoint surfacing later in
+    // the same slot is not suppressed — and is set only after a request is successfully simulated below,
+    // so a transient simulation failure (or thresholds not yet met) still retries on the next tick.
+    if (
+      this.lastInvalidationAttempt?.slot === currentSlot &&
+      this.lastInvalidationAttempt.checkpointNumber === invalidCheckpointNumber
+    ) {
+      this.log.trace(`Already attempted to invalidate checkpoint ${invalidCheckpointNumber} in slot ${currentSlot}`, {
+        currentSlot,
+        invalidCheckpointNumber,
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+
     const invalidCheckpointTimestamp = pendingChainValidationStatus.checkpoint.timestamp;
     const timeSinceChainInvalid = this.dateProvider.nowInSeconds() - Number(invalidCheckpointTimestamp);
     const ourValidatorAddresses = this.validatorClient.getValidatorAddresses();
@@ -1014,7 +1221,6 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
 
     const logData = {
       invalidL1Timestamp: invalidCheckpointTimestamp,
-      syncedL2Slot,
       invalidCheckpoint: pendingChainValidationStatus.checkpoint,
       secondsBeforeInvalidatingBlockAsCommitteeMember,
       secondsBeforeInvalidatingBlockAsNonCommitteeMember,
@@ -1067,6 +1273,10 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
       return;
     }
 
+    // We produced a valid invalidation request; record it so further ticks within this slot skip the
+    // committee lookup, simulation, and submission above for this same invalid checkpoint.
+    this.lastInvalidationAttempt = { slot: currentSlot, checkpointNumber: invalidCheckpointNumber };
+
     this.log.info(
       invalidateAsCommitteeMember
         ? `Invalidating checkpoint ${invalidCheckpointNumber} as committee member`
@@ -1113,13 +1323,13 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
     });
   }
 
-  private getSlotStartBuildTimestamp(slotNumber: SlotNumber): number {
-    return getSlotStartBuildTimestamp(slotNumber, this.l1Constants);
-  }
-
-  private getSecondsIntoSlot(slotNumber: SlotNumber): number {
-    const slotStartTimestamp = this.getSlotStartBuildTimestamp(slotNumber);
-    return Number((this.dateProvider.now() / 1000 - slotStartTimestamp).toFixed(3));
+  /**
+   * Wall-clock seconds elapsed since the build-frame start of the given target slot
+   * (`now − getBuildFrameStart(targetSlot)`). May be negative if called before the build frame opens.
+   */
+  private getSecondsIntoBuildFrame(targetSlot: SlotNumber): number {
+    const buildFrameStart = this.timetable.getBuildFrameStart(targetSlot);
+    return Number((this.dateProvider.now() / 1000 - buildFrameStart).toFixed(3));
   }
 
   public get aztecSlotDuration() {
@@ -1150,10 +1360,6 @@ export class Sequencer extends (EventEmitter as new () => TypedEventEmitter<Sequ
   public getConfig() {
     return this.config;
   }
-
-  private get l1PublishingTime(): number {
-    return this.config.l1PublishingTime ?? this.l1Constants.ethereumSlotDuration;
-  }
 }
 
 type SequencerSyncCheckResult = {