@aztec/sequencer-client 0.0.1-commit.88e6f9396 → 0.0.1-commit.8c0b8ff

package/src/publisher/sequencer-publisher.ts

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ import { CheckpointNumber, SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import { trimmedBytesLength } from '@aztec/foundation/buffer';
 import { pick } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
-import { TimeoutError } from '@aztec/foundation/error';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { Signature, type ViemSignature } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-signature';
 import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
@@ -42,24 +41,15 @@ import { EmpireBaseAbi, ErrorsAbi, RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 import { type ProposerSlashAction, encodeSlashConsensusVotes } from '@aztec/slasher';
 import { CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners, type ValidateCheckpointResult } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
 import type { Checkpoint } from '@aztec/stdlib/checkpoint';
+import { getLastL1SlotTimestampForL2Slot, getNextL1SlotTimestamp } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
 import { SlashFactoryContract } from '@aztec/stdlib/l1-contracts';
 import type { CheckpointHeader } from '@aztec/stdlib/rollup';
 import type { L1PublishCheckpointStats } from '@aztec/stdlib/stats';
 import { type TelemetryClient, type Tracer, getTelemetryClient, trackSpan } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
-import {
-  type Hex,
-  type StateOverride,
-  type TransactionReceipt,
-  type TypedDataDefinition,
-  encodeFunctionData,
-  keccak256,
-  multicall3Abi,
-  toHex,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type StateOverride, type TransactionReceipt, type TypedDataDefinition, encodeFunctionData, toHex } from 'viem';
 
 import type { SequencerPublisherConfig } from './config.js';
-import { type FailedL1Tx, type L1TxFailedStore, createL1TxFailedStore } from './l1_tx_failed_store/index.js';
 import { SequencerPublisherMetrics } from './sequencer-publisher-metrics.js';
 
 /** Arguments to the process method of the rollup contract */
@@ -121,7 +111,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
   private interrupted = false;
   private metrics: SequencerPublisherMetrics;
   public epochCache: EpochCache;
-  private failedTxStore?: Promise<L1TxFailedStore | undefined>;
 
   protected governanceLog = createLogger('sequencer:publisher:governance');
   protected slashingLog = createLogger('sequencer:publisher:slashing');
@@ -134,15 +123,13 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
   protected log: Logger;
   protected ethereumSlotDuration: bigint;
   protected aztecSlotDuration: bigint;
+  private dateProvider: DateProvider;
 
   private blobClient: BlobClientInterface;
 
   /** Address to use for simulations in fisherman mode (actual proposer's address) */
   private proposerAddressForSimulation?: EthAddress;
 
-  /** Optional callback to obtain a replacement publisher when the current one fails to send. */
-  private getNextPublisher?: (excludeAddresses: EthAddress[]) => Promise<L1TxUtils | undefined>;
-
   /** L1 fee analyzer for fisherman mode */
   private l1FeeAnalyzer?: L1FeeAnalyzer;
 
@@ -166,7 +153,7 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
   protected requests: RequestWithExpiry[] = [];
 
   constructor(
-    private config: Pick<SequencerPublisherConfig, 'fishermanMode' | 'l1TxFailedStore'> &
+    private config: Pick<SequencerPublisherConfig, 'fishermanMode'> &
       Pick<L1ContractsConfig, 'ethereumSlotDuration' | 'aztecSlotDuration'> & { l1ChainId: number },
     deps: {
       telemetry?: TelemetryClient;
@@ -181,12 +168,12 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
       metrics: SequencerPublisherMetrics;
       lastActions: Partial<Record<Action, SlotNumber>>;
       log?: Logger;
-      getNextPublisher?: (excludeAddresses: EthAddress[]) => Promise<L1TxUtils | undefined>;
     },
   ) {
     this.log = deps.log ?? createLogger('sequencer:publisher');
     this.ethereumSlotDuration = BigInt(config.ethereumSlotDuration);
     this.aztecSlotDuration = BigInt(config.aztecSlotDuration);
+    this.dateProvider = deps.dateProvider;
     this.epochCache = deps.epochCache;
     this.lastActions = deps.lastActions;
 
@@ -196,7 +183,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
     this.metrics = deps.metrics ?? new SequencerPublisherMetrics(telemetry, 'SequencerPublisher');
     this.tracer = telemetry.getTracer('SequencerPublisher');
     this.l1TxUtils = deps.l1TxUtils;
-    this.getNextPublisher = deps.getNextPublisher;
 
     this.rollupContract = deps.rollupContract;
 
@@ -225,31 +211,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
       this.rollupContract,
       createLogger('sequencer:publisher:price-oracle'),
     );
-
-    // Initialize failed L1 tx store (optional, for test networks)
-    this.failedTxStore = createL1TxFailedStore(config.l1TxFailedStore, this.log);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Backs up a failed L1 transaction to the configured store for debugging.
-   * Does nothing if no store is configured.
-   */
-  private backupFailedTx(failedTx: Omit<FailedL1Tx, 'timestamp'>): void {
-    if (!this.failedTxStore) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const tx: FailedL1Tx = {
-      ...failedTx,
-      timestamp: Date.now(),
-    };
-
-    // Fire and forget - don't block on backup
-    void this.failedTxStore
-      .then(store => store?.saveFailedTx(tx))
-      .catch(err => {
-        this.log.warn(`Failed to backup failed L1 tx to store`, err);
-      });
   }
 
   public getRollupContract(): RollupContract {
@@ -288,7 +249,7 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
   }
 
   public getCurrentL2Slot(): SlotNumber {
-    return this.epochCache.getSlotNow();
+    return this.epochCache.getEpochAndSlotNow().slot;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -431,36 +392,19 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
     validRequests.sort((a, b) => compareActions(a.action, b.action));
 
     try {
-      // Capture context for failed tx backup before sending
-      const l1BlockNumber = await this.l1TxUtils.getBlockNumber();
-      const multicallData = encodeFunctionData({
-        abi: multicall3Abi,
-        functionName: 'aggregate3',
-        args: [
-          validRequests.map(r => ({
-            target: r.request.to!,
-            callData: r.request.data!,
-            allowFailure: true,
-          })),
-        ],
-      });
-      const blobDataHex = blobConfig?.blobs?.map(b => toHex(b)) as Hex[] | undefined;
-
-      const txContext = { multicallData, blobData: blobDataHex, l1BlockNumber };
-
       this.log.debug('Forwarding transactions', {
         validRequests: validRequests.map(request => request.action),
         txConfig,
       });
-      const result = await this.forwardWithPublisherRotation(validRequests, txConfig, blobConfig);
-      if (result === undefined) {
-        return undefined;
-      }
-      const { successfulActions = [], failedActions = [] } = this.callbackBundledTransactions(
-        validRequests,
-        result,
-        txContext,
+      const result = await Multicall3.forward(
+        validRequests.map(request => request.request),
+        this.l1TxUtils,
+        txConfig,
+        blobConfig,
+        this.rollupContract.address,
+        this.log,
       );
+      const { successfulActions = [], failedActions = [] } = this.callbackBundledTransactions(validRequests, result);
       return { result, expiredActions, sentActions: validActions, successfulActions, failedActions };
     } catch (err) {
       const viemError = formatViemError(err);
@@ -478,76 +422,13 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Forwards transactions via Multicall3, rotating to the next available publisher if a send
-   * failure occurs (i.e. the tx never reached the chain).
-   * On-chain reverts and simulation errors are returned as-is without rotation.
-   */
-  private async forwardWithPublisherRotation(
-    validRequests: RequestWithExpiry[],
-    txConfig: RequestWithExpiry['gasConfig'],
-    blobConfig: L1BlobInputs | undefined,
-  ) {
-    const triedAddresses: EthAddress[] = [];
-    let currentPublisher = this.l1TxUtils;
-
-    while (true) {
-      triedAddresses.push(currentPublisher.getSenderAddress());
-      try {
-        const result = await Multicall3.forward(
-          validRequests.map(r => r.request),
-          currentPublisher,
-          txConfig,
-          blobConfig,
-          this.rollupContract.address,
-          this.log,
-        );
-        this.l1TxUtils = currentPublisher;
-        return result;
-      } catch (err) {
-        if (err instanceof TimeoutError) {
-          throw err;
-        }
-        const viemError = formatViemError(err);
-        if (!this.getNextPublisher) {
-          this.log.error('Failed to publish bundled transactions', viemError);
-          return undefined;
-        }
-        this.log.warn(
-          `Publisher ${currentPublisher.getSenderAddress()} failed to send, rotating to next publisher`,
-          viemError,
-        );
-        const nextPublisher = await this.getNextPublisher([...triedAddresses]);
-        if (!nextPublisher) {
-          this.log.error('All available publishers exhausted, failed to publish bundled transactions');
-          return undefined;
-        }
-        currentPublisher = nextPublisher;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
   private callbackBundledTransactions(
     requests: RequestWithExpiry[],
-    result: { receipt: TransactionReceipt; errorMsg?: string } | FormattedViemError | undefined,
-    txContext: { multicallData: Hex; blobData?: Hex[]; l1BlockNumber: bigint },
+    result?: { receipt: TransactionReceipt } | FormattedViemError,
   ) {
     const actionsListStr = requests.map(r => r.action).join(', ');
     if (result instanceof FormattedViemError) {
       this.log.error(`Failed to publish bundled transactions (${actionsListStr})`, result);
-      this.backupFailedTx({
-        id: keccak256(txContext.multicallData),
-        failureType: 'send-error',
-        request: { to: MULTI_CALL_3_ADDRESS, data: txContext.multicallData },
-        blobData: txContext.blobData,
-        l1BlockNumber: txContext.l1BlockNumber.toString(),
-        error: { message: result.message, name: result.name },
-        context: {
-          actions: requests.map(r => r.action),
-          requests: requests.map(r => ({ action: r.action, to: r.request.to! as Hex, data: r.request.data! })),
-          sender: this.getSenderAddress().toString(),
-        },
-      });
       return { failedActions: requests.map(r => r.action) };
     } else {
       this.log.verbose(`Published bundled transactions (${actionsListStr})`, {
@@ -569,30 +450,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
           failedActions.push(request.action);
         }
       }
-      // Single backup for the whole reverted tx
-      if (failedActions.length > 0 && result?.receipt?.status === 'reverted') {
-        this.backupFailedTx({
-          id: result.receipt.transactionHash,
-          failureType: 'revert',
-          request: { to: MULTI_CALL_3_ADDRESS, data: txContext.multicallData },
-          blobData: txContext.blobData,
-          l1BlockNumber: result.receipt.blockNumber.toString(),
-          receipt: {
-            transactionHash: result.receipt.transactionHash,
-            blockNumber: result.receipt.blockNumber.toString(),
-            gasUsed: (result.receipt.gasUsed ?? 0n).toString(),
-            status: 'reverted',
-          },
-          error: { message: result.errorMsg ?? 'Transaction reverted' },
-          context: {
-            actions: failedActions,
-            requests: requests
-              .filter(r => failedActions.includes(r.action))
-              .map(r => ({ action: r.action, to: r.request.to! as Hex, data: r.request.data! })),
-            sender: this.getSenderAddress().toString(),
-          },
-        });
-      }
       return { successfulActions, failedActions };
     }
   }
@@ -610,11 +467,12 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
     // TODO: #14291 - should loop through multiple keys to check if any of them can propose
     const ignoredErrors = ['SlotAlreadyInChain', 'InvalidProposer', 'InvalidArchive'];
 
-    const pipelined = opts.pipelined ?? this.epochCache.isProposerPipeliningEnabled();
+    const pipelined = opts.pipelined ?? false;
     const slotOffset = pipelined ? this.aztecSlotDuration : 0n;
+    const nextL1SlotTs = this.getNextL1SlotTimestamp() + slotOffset;
 
     return this.rollupContract
-      .canProposeAt(tipArchive.toBuffer(), msgSender.toString(), this.ethereumSlotDuration, slotOffset, {
+      .canProposeAt(tipArchive.toBuffer(), msgSender.toString(), nextL1SlotTs, {
         forcePendingCheckpointNumber: opts.forcePendingCheckpointNumber,
       })
       .catch(err => {
@@ -628,7 +486,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
         return undefined;
       });
   }
-
   /**
    * @notice  Will simulate `validateHeader` to make sure that the block header is valid
    * @dev     This is a convenience function that can be used by the sequencer to validate a "partial" header.
@@ -652,7 +509,7 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
       flags,
     ] as const;
 
-    const ts = BigInt((await this.l1TxUtils.getBlock()).timestamp + this.ethereumSlotDuration);
+    const ts = this.getSimulationTimestamp(header.slotNumber);
     const stateOverrides = await this.rollupContract.makePendingCheckpointNumberOverride(
       opts?.forcePendingCheckpointNumber,
     );
@@ -675,7 +532,7 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
         data: encodeFunctionData({ abi: RollupAbi, functionName: 'validateHeaderWithAttestations', args }),
         from: MULTI_CALL_3_ADDRESS,
       },
-      { time: ts + 1n },
+      { time: ts },
       stateOverrides,
     );
     this.log.debug(`Simulated validateHeader`);
@@ -708,8 +565,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
     const request = this.buildInvalidateCheckpointRequest(validationResult);
     this.log.debug(`Simulating invalidate checkpoint ${checkpointNumber}`, { ...logData, request });
 
-    const l1BlockNumber = await this.l1TxUtils.getBlockNumber();
-
     try {
       const { gasUsed } = await this.l1TxUtils.simulate(
         request,
@@ -761,18 +616,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
 
       // Otherwise, throw. We cannot build the next checkpoint if we cannot invalidate the previous one.
       this.log.error(`Simulation for invalidate checkpoint ${checkpointNumber} failed`, viemError, logData);
-      this.backupFailedTx({
-        id: keccak256(request.data!),
-        failureType: 'simulation',
-        request: { to: request.to!, data: request.data!, value: request.value?.toString() },
-        l1BlockNumber: l1BlockNumber.toString(),
-        error: { message: viemError.message, name: viemError.name },
-        context: {
-          actions: [`invalidate-${reason}`],
-          checkpointNumber,
-          sender: this.getSenderAddress().toString(),
-        },
-      });
       throw new Error(`Failed to simulate invalidate checkpoint ${checkpointNumber}`, { cause: viemError });
     }
   }
@@ -816,10 +659,7 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
     attestationsAndSigners: CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners,
     attestationsAndSignersSignature: Signature,
     options: { forcePendingCheckpointNumber?: CheckpointNumber },
-  ): Promise<bigint> {
-    // Anchor the simulation timestamp to the checkpoint's own slot start time
-    // rather than the current L1 block timestamp, which may overshoot into the next slot if the build ran late.
-    const ts = checkpoint.header.timestamp;
+  ): Promise<void> {
     const blobFields = checkpoint.toBlobFields();
     const blobs = await getBlobsPerL1Block(blobFields);
     const blobInput = getPrefixedEthBlobCommitments(blobs);
@@ -838,13 +678,11 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
       blobInput,
     ] as const;
 
-    await this.simulateProposeTx(args, ts, options);
-    return ts;
+    await this.simulateProposeTx(args, options);
   }
 
   private async enqueueCastSignalHelper(
     slotNumber: SlotNumber,
-    timestamp: bigint,
     signalType: GovernanceSignalAction,
     payload: EthAddress,
     base: IEmpireBase,
@@ -922,25 +760,15 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
       lastValidL2Slot: slotNumber,
     });
 
-    const l1BlockNumber = await this.l1TxUtils.getBlockNumber();
+    const timestamp = this.getSimulationTimestamp(slotNumber);
 
     try {
       await this.l1TxUtils.simulate(request, { time: timestamp }, [], mergeAbis([request.abi ?? [], ErrorsAbi]));
       this.log.debug(`Simulation for ${action} at slot ${slotNumber} succeeded`, { request });
     } catch (err) {
       const viemError = formatViemError(err);
-      this.log.error(`Failed simulation for ${action} at slot ${slotNumber} (enqueuing the action anyway)`, viemError);
-      this.backupFailedTx({
-        id: keccak256(request.data!),
-        failureType: 'simulation',
-        request: { to: request.to!, data: request.data!, value: request.value?.toString() },
-        l1BlockNumber: l1BlockNumber.toString(),
-        error: { message: viemError.message, name: viemError.name },
-        context: {
-          actions: [action],
-          slot: slotNumber,
-          sender: this.getSenderAddress().toString(),
-        },
+      this.log.error(`Failed simulation for ${action} at slot ${slotNumber} (enqueuing the action anyway)`, viemError, {
+        simulationTimestamp: timestamp,
       });
       // Yes, we enqueue the request anyway, in case there was a bug with the simulation itself
     }
@@ -992,19 +820,16 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
   /**
    * Enqueues a governance castSignal transaction to cast a signal for a given slot number.
    * @param slotNumber - The slot number to cast a signal for.
-   * @param timestamp - The timestamp of the slot to cast a signal for.
    * @returns True if the signal was successfully enqueued, false otherwise.
    */
   public enqueueGovernanceCastSignal(
     governancePayload: EthAddress,
     slotNumber: SlotNumber,
-    timestamp: bigint,
     signerAddress: EthAddress,
     signer: (msg: TypedDataDefinition) => Promise<`0x${string}`>,
   ): Promise<boolean> {
     return this.enqueueCastSignalHelper(
       slotNumber,
-      timestamp,
       'governance-signal',
       governancePayload,
       this.govProposerContract,
@@ -1017,7 +842,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
   public async enqueueSlashingActions(
     actions: ProposerSlashAction[],
     slotNumber: SlotNumber,
-    timestamp: bigint,
     signerAddress: EthAddress,
     signer: (msg: TypedDataDefinition) => Promise<`0x${string}`>,
   ): Promise<boolean> {
@@ -1038,7 +862,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
           });
           await this.enqueueCastSignalHelper(
             slotNumber,
-            timestamp,
             'empire-slashing-signal',
             action.payload,
             this.slashingProposerContract,
@@ -1057,7 +880,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
             (receipt: TransactionReceipt) =>
               !!this.slashFactoryContract.tryExtractSlashPayloadCreatedEvent(receipt.logs),
             slotNumber,
-            timestamp,
           );
           break;
         }
@@ -1075,7 +897,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
             request,
             (receipt: TransactionReceipt) => !!empireSlashingProposer.tryExtractPayloadSubmittedEvent(receipt.logs),
             slotNumber,
-            timestamp,
           );
           break;
         }
@@ -1099,7 +920,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
             request,
             (receipt: TransactionReceipt) => !!tallySlashingProposer.tryExtractVoteCastEvent(receipt.logs),
             slotNumber,
-            timestamp,
           );
           break;
         }
@@ -1121,7 +941,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
             request,
             (receipt: TransactionReceipt) => !!tallySlashingProposer.tryExtractRoundExecutedEvent(receipt.logs),
             slotNumber,
-            timestamp,
           );
           break;
         }
@@ -1157,15 +976,13 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
       feeAssetPriceModifier: checkpoint.feeAssetPriceModifier,
     };
 
-    let ts: bigint;
-
     try {
       // @note  This will make sure that we are passing the checks for our header ASSUMING that the data is also made available
       //        This means that we can avoid the simulation issues in later checks.
       //        By simulation issue, I mean the fact that the block.timestamp is equal to the last block, not the next, which
       //        make time consistency checks break.
       // TODO(palla): Check whether we're validating twice, once here and once within addProposeTx, since we call simulateProposeTx in both places.
-      ts = await this.validateCheckpointForSubmission(
+      await this.validateCheckpointForSubmission(
         checkpoint,
         attestationsAndSigners,
         attestationsAndSignersSignature,
@@ -1181,7 +998,7 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
     }
 
     this.log.verbose(`Enqueuing checkpoint propose transaction`, { ...checkpoint.toCheckpointInfo(), ...opts });
-    await this.addProposeTx(checkpoint, proposeTxArgs, opts, ts);
+    await this.addProposeTx(checkpoint, proposeTxArgs, opts);
   }
 
   public enqueueInvalidateCheckpoint(
@@ -1224,8 +1041,8 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
     request: L1TxRequest,
     checkSuccess: (receipt: TransactionReceipt) => boolean | undefined,
     slotNumber: SlotNumber,
-    timestamp: bigint,
   ) {
+    const timestamp = this.getSimulationTimestamp(slotNumber);
     const logData = { slotNumber, timestamp, gasLimit: undefined as bigint | undefined };
     if (this.lastActions[action] && this.lastActions[action] === slotNumber) {
       this.log.debug(`Skipping duplicate action ${action} for slot ${slotNumber}`);
@@ -1237,30 +1054,16 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
 
     this.log.debug(`Simulating ${action} for slot ${slotNumber}`, logData);
 
-    const l1BlockNumber = await this.l1TxUtils.getBlockNumber();
-
     let gasUsed: bigint;
     const simulateAbi = mergeAbis([request.abi ?? [], ErrorsAbi]);
+
     try {
-      ({ gasUsed } = await this.l1TxUtils.simulate(request, { time: timestamp }, [], simulateAbi)); // TODO(palla/slash): Check the timestamp logic
+      ({ gasUsed } = await this.l1TxUtils.simulate(request, { time: timestamp }, [], simulateAbi));
       this.log.verbose(`Simulation for ${action} succeeded`, { ...logData, request, gasUsed });
     } catch (err) {
       const viemError = formatViemError(err, simulateAbi);
       this.log.error(`Simulation for ${action} at ${slotNumber} failed`, viemError, logData);
 
-      this.backupFailedTx({
-        id: keccak256(request.data!),
-        failureType: 'simulation',
-        request: { to: request.to!, data: request.data!, value: request.value?.toString() },
-        l1BlockNumber: l1BlockNumber.toString(),
-        error: { message: viemError.message, name: viemError.name },
-        context: {
-          actions: [action],
-          slot: slotNumber,
-          sender: this.getSenderAddress().toString(),
-        },
-      });
-
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -1311,7 +1114,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
 
   private async prepareProposeTx(
     encodedData: L1ProcessArgs,
-    timestamp: bigint,
     options: { forcePendingCheckpointNumber?: CheckpointNumber },
   ) {
     const kzg = Blob.getViemKzgInstance();
@@ -1344,27 +1146,9 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
             kzg,
           },
         )
-        .catch(async err => {
-          const viemError = formatViemError(err);
-          this.log.error(`Failed to validate blobs`, viemError.message, { metaMessages: viemError.metaMessages });
-          const validateBlobsData = encodeFunctionData({
-            abi: RollupAbi,
-            functionName: 'validateBlobs',
-            args: [blobInput],
-          });
-          const l1BlockNumber = await this.l1TxUtils.getBlockNumber();
-          this.backupFailedTx({
-            id: keccak256(validateBlobsData),
-            failureType: 'simulation',
-            request: { to: this.rollupContract.address as Hex, data: validateBlobsData },
-            blobData: encodedData.blobs.map(b => toHex(b.data)) as Hex[],
-            l1BlockNumber: l1BlockNumber.toString(),
-            error: { message: viemError.message, name: viemError.name },
-            context: {
-              actions: ['validate-blobs'],
-              sender: this.getSenderAddress().toString(),
-            },
-          });
+        .catch(err => {
+          const { message, metaMessages } = formatViemError(err);
+          this.log.error(`Failed to validate blobs`, message, { metaMessages });
           throw new Error('Failed to validate blobs');
         });
     }
@@ -1384,7 +1168,7 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
       blobInput,
     ] as const;
 
-    const { rollupData, simulationResult } = await this.simulateProposeTx(args, timestamp, options);
+    const { rollupData, simulationResult } = await this.simulateProposeTx(args, options);
 
     return { args, blobEvaluationGas, rollupData, simulationResult };
   }
@@ -1392,7 +1176,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
   /**
    * Simulates the propose tx with eth_simulateV1
    * @param args - The propose tx args
-   * @param timestamp - The timestamp to simulate proposal at
    * @returns The simulation result
    */
   private async simulateProposeTx(
@@ -1409,7 +1192,6 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
       ViemSignature,
       `0x${string}`,
     ],
-    timestamp: bigint,
     options: { forcePendingCheckpointNumber?: CheckpointNumber },
   ) {
     const rollupData = encodeFunctionData({
@@ -1443,7 +1225,7 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
       });
     }
 
-    const l1BlockNumber = await this.l1TxUtils.getBlockNumber();
+    const simTs = this.getSimulationTimestamp(SlotNumber.fromBigInt(args[0].header.slotNumber));
 
     const simulationResult = await this.l1TxUtils
       .simulate(
@@ -1454,8 +1236,7 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
           ...(this.proposerAddressForSimulation && { from: this.proposerAddressForSimulation.toString() }),
         },
         {
-          // @note we add 1n to the timestamp because geth implementation doesn't like simulation timestamp to be equal to the current block timestamp
-          time: timestamp + 1n,
+          time: simTs,
           // @note reth should have a 30m gas limit per block but throws errors that this tx is beyond limit so we increase here
           gasLimit: MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT * 2n,
         },
@@ -1477,19 +1258,7 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
             logs: [],
           };
         }
-        this.log.error(`Failed to simulate propose tx`, viemError);
-        this.backupFailedTx({
-          id: keccak256(rollupData),
-          failureType: 'simulation',
-          request: { to: this.rollupContract.address, data: rollupData },
-          l1BlockNumber: l1BlockNumber.toString(),
-          error: { message: viemError.message, name: viemError.name },
-          context: {
-            actions: ['propose'],
-            slot: Number(args[0].header.slotNumber),
-            sender: this.getSenderAddress().toString(),
-          },
-        });
+        this.log.error(`Failed to simulate propose tx`, viemError, { simulationTimestamp: simTs });
         throw err;
       });
 
@@ -1500,16 +1269,11 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
     checkpoint: Checkpoint,
     encodedData: L1ProcessArgs,
     opts: { txTimeoutAt?: Date; forcePendingCheckpointNumber?: CheckpointNumber } = {},
-    timestamp: bigint,
   ): Promise<void> {
     const slot = checkpoint.header.slotNumber;
     const timer = new Timer();
     const kzg = Blob.getViemKzgInstance();
-    const { rollupData, simulationResult, blobEvaluationGas } = await this.prepareProposeTx(
-      encodedData,
-      timestamp,
-      opts,
-    );
+    const { rollupData, simulationResult, blobEvaluationGas } = await this.prepareProposeTx(encodedData, opts);
     const startBlock = await this.l1TxUtils.getBlockNumber();
     const gasLimit = this.l1TxUtils.bumpGasLimit(
       BigInt(Math.ceil((Number(simulationResult.gasUsed) * 64) / 63)) +
@@ -1585,4 +1349,17 @@ export class SequencerPublisher {
       },
     });
   }
+
+  /** Returns the timestamp of the last L1 slot within a given L2 slot. Used as the simulation timestamp
+   * for eth_simulateV1 calls, since it's guaranteed to be greater than any L1 block produced during the slot. */
+  private getSimulationTimestamp(slot: SlotNumber): bigint {
+    const l1Constants = this.epochCache.getL1Constants();
+    return getLastL1SlotTimestampForL2Slot(slot, l1Constants);
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the timestamp of the next L1 slot boundary after now. */
+  private getNextL1SlotTimestamp(): bigint {
+    const l1Constants = this.epochCache.getL1Constants();
+    return getNextL1SlotTimestamp(this.dateProvider.nowInSeconds(), l1Constants);
+  }
 }